NGHIEN cuu-T]?AO 001
Nhya la cdc hpp^chdt cao phdn tu, thdnh phdn chO yiu la cdc polymer hOu co, dupc dung lam vgt lipu sdn xudt nhiiu d6 dung hang ngay. Cac logl nhya md con nguoi su dyng thudng 16 Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylen |PP), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Polycarbonat (PC), Polyethylene terephthalate (PETl... Trong Ijch sO, ndm 1838, chdt lipu nhya nhdn tgo dau tl§n dupc sdn xudt chinh la vinyl clorua. Nhya co tinh ben, nhp, khd vd, mdu sdc da dgng nhung rdt khd phdn huy va tdi che, cdn phdi mdt 10400-1.000 ndm neu chdn duo! Idng ddt. Vdi quy md todn cdu, con so ndy l§n tdi hdng ty ndm. Chi tfnh ridng tOi nhua, mdi ndm cd khodng 500.000.000.000- 1.000.000.000.000 tui nhya dupc su dyng tr§n toan the gidi [51. ChOng hodc dupc chdn dudi ldng ddt, hodc bj nem vd t0i vg xudng dudng, dong ruOng, sdng ngdi, biln cd. Rieng d Viet Nam, moi ngay cd khodng 2.500 tdn rde nhya dupc thai ra mdi trudng, gay d nhiim nghiem trpng. Do dd can phdi llm kiem nhung polymer khde than thipn hon vdi mdi trudng, md PLA Id mpt trong nhOng polymer sinh hpc sdn xudt tu nguyen lidu tdi sinh dang dupc quan tdm nhieu nhdt.
PLA-Polymer phan huy sinh hpc
Nguyen Dirong Tue
LPLAlagi?
PLA - Polylactide Acid la mdt polyester aliphatic cd ngudn gdc tii cac ngudn tai tao, nhu tmh bdt ngd, sin, khoai, cac loai ngu cdc khac hoac ba mia. Hien nay, PLA da dupc san xuat d quy md cdng nghiep vdi hang tiam ngan tin mdi nam, ldn nhit so vdi tit ca cac polymer phan hiiy smh hpc. Trong nam 2010, PLA cd khdi lupng tieu thu cao thii hai cua chit deo sinh hpc tien thi gidi [5], [6]. PLA hien dang dupc su dimg tiong cac ITnh vuc y sinh hpc, san xuat chai va bao bi thuc phim, container, bao bi, tiii nhua, spi, lam phan ii, cung nhu hang loat vat dung khac. Vdi uu dilm giam chi phi, kha nang phan
Bio-process SubslliutloB
Chemo-process
SIcvlunUm for «hc Mo^ynlhon nl LA p<riye»l<fr. In Uw Woprocc**. Ihe LA momimcr
« converted Into LA-CoA ,whkh i« rccogniwd by the LA-polynwri/inj; en/yme weniilcd (rom mk-i\>N4l I'HA -.vniluve (Tiiinw «l il, MU)
Co- chd sinh tdng ho-p PLA o- vi khu^n
giai sinh hpc, PLA la mdt lira chpn kha thi vl mat kinh te va mdi trudng.
2. Nhihig con dirdng tao ra PLA 2.L Trong hoa hpc
Axid polylactic (PLA) cd ngudn gdc tii cac loai ngii cdc dupc san xuit diu tien tai My. Nd dupc sii dung nhu la mdt su tiiay till tu nhien cho chat deo lam tir diu md va cac san phlm polyester khac. PLA dupc tdng hpp bing con dudng triing hpp cua lactide vdi xiic tac kim loai hoac ngung tu true tilp tii cac don phan axid lactic. Qua tiinh nay cin dupc thurc hien d 200-250°C dl tao ra acid oligolactic, rdi tiip tuc thirc hien phan iing d 260*'C dk tao ra lac- tid, tii dd thuc hien phan iing polymer hda d
130-1600C cho ra PLA. Khdi lupng phan tu cua PLA cd till dat dupc: 128-152 kDa. Theo TS. Gotio (2012), poly (axid L-lactic)-PLLA cd khoi lupng phan tu cao va poly axid D-lac- tic (PDLA) cd khoi lupng phan tii thip. Va triing hpp cua mdt hon hpp racemic cua L va D-lactides thudng dan din su tdng hpp poly- DL-lactide (PDLLA)[3].
Rafael Auras, Loong-Tak Lim, Susan EM Selke va Hideto Tsuji (2010) cho rgng, thdng tiiudng, tiong hda hpc, mudn cd dupc PLA ban diu cin phai tdng hpp acid lactic. Tong hpp hda hpc axid lactic dua tien lactonitiile. Hy-
S6 1/2015 Tgp chf
KH-CN Nghe An [37]
Sugar
Biomass <
Tong Itctp PLA kin ldi to lictp ADN
drogen cyanide dupc them vao acetaldehyde de cho lac- tonitrile. Cac phan iing xay m d ap suit cao tiong pha ldng, sau dd chung cit, thuy phan thanh acid lactic, rdi este hda cho methyl lactate, tiiuy phan bdi nudc vdi sir cd mat ciia chat xiic tac axid de cho methanol va acid lactic. Ket qua la tao ra mdt hon hpp racemic ciia DL axid lactic [6].
Sau dd, sir dung acid lactic de trung ngung tao ra PLA.
2.2. Trong hda sinh hpc
Tdng hpp sinh hpc la con dudng mang den nhieu lpi the va la giai phap toi uu cua cdng nghe sinh hpc bdi khdng qua phiic tap, tdn kem nguyen lieu, khdng ddi hdi
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ap suat nhiet dp cao. Mat khac, nd ciing khdng mat qua nhieu thdi gian, dieu quan tipng la phai biet each khai thac tilm nang ciia tac nhan sinh hpc dang quan tam.
Grin day, mdt qua trinh smh hpc hoan chinh cho viec san
F y ^ A
xuat PLA tii cac ngudn tai tao da dupc phat trien bang each len men true tiep cua vi khuan tai td hpp. Dieu nay cd the dupc thuc hien bing each thiet lap mdt con dudng de tao ra lactyl-CoA (LA-CoA). 6 day, acid lactic (LA) dupc tao ra nhd vi sinh vat len men tii glucid cua ngii cdc, tiep dd dupc enzim propyonyl-Co A transferase xiic tac de cho LA-CoAhoat ddng, cudi ciing dudi tac dimg cua LA-polymerization enzim xiic tac tao ra PLA.
Tuy nhien, tiong cdng trinh ciia TS Seiichi Taguchi (trudng Dai hpc Tdng hpp Hokkaido) da dupc cip bing phat mmh cua Vien Han lam khoa hpc My (Acad. Sci. USA, 2008) cdn cho ra mdt phuang phap mdi dac sac ban. Dd la dl san xuit polyeste lactate d day su dung mpt loai vi khuin tai td hpp ADN cd mdt "Super Enzyme". Super Enzyme la mdt thiet kl tir polybydroxyalkane synthtase cd ngudn gdc tir vi khuin Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 (PhaCl).
PhaCl ban diu dupc xem la 3-hydroxybuty- late (3HB) va Super Enzyme da dupc lua chpn tii ngan hang dot bien rat ldn cua PhaC 1. BSng each su dimg Super Enzyme, tao ra mdt ddng vi khuin tai td hpp ADN d E. coli cd gen di loai ma hda propionyl-CoAtiansferase (PCT), P-ketothiolase (PhaA), acetoacetyl CoA reduc- tase (PhaB) va Super Enzyme. Cac ddng nay san sinh ra polyester bao gdm vi khuan 3HB va LA tii glucid cua sinh khdi (Biomass), ngudn carbon nguyen Ueu tai tao. Dac biet, LA tiong san xuat polyester cd the dupc dieu chinh cd khoang 5, 30, 45, 65 va 90 moi %, tuong ling vdi su thay ddi ciia dieu kien nudi cay. Nhung polyeste thu dupc cho thay su linh hoat cd nghia la viec lua chpn PhaCl dot bien cd the cung cap mdt phuang phap "tailor-
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made" cho san xuat polyester mong mudn cd tinh chat vat ly khac nhau, cd dp ciing dac biet lmh boat [7].
3. Cac nguon hydratcarbon
My, nudc dau tien sir dung tinh bdt ngd de len men nhd cac vi khuan latic tii do san xuat ra PLA tidng gidng nhu nhua tir dau md de lam ra cac vat lieu can thiet cho sinh hoat.
t * « •
San pham PLA giam dang ke lupng khi thai nha kinh, cat bd sir phu thudc vao dau md nhu mdt ngudn nguyen lieu, dac biet nhihig
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i::->r.;
Mot SO vdt dung tir PLA
S6 1/2015 Tgp chi J38J
KH-CN Nghe An ^ ^
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO001
vat lieu lam ra tii PLA khdng gay d nhiem rac thai, than thien vdi mdi trudng vi chiing dl bi phan giai sinh hpc bdi nhieu loai vi sinh vat tao ra phan bdn hiiu co phuc vu ndng nghiep [4].
Trong nam 2002, hang Ricoh (Nhat) bit diu phat tiien cac san pham nhua sinh hpc cd ham lupng sinh khdi 50% cho may photo- copy da chiic nang. Ricoh lien tuc cd nhihig no luc de tang ham lupng sinh khdi cua vat lieu va tiong nam 2008 da cd the trinh lang thanh cdng cac thanh phan cd sir dimg vat lieu bao gdm gan 70% sinh khdi, hudng tdi cac ling dung thuong mai ciia biomassplastics cd kha nang khang chay cao phii hpp vdi cac
t y
tieu chuan nghiem ngat va dp ben dap iing yeu cau cho cac thanh phan ben ngoai ciia thiet hi. Vao thang 8/2013, hp da gidi thieu
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ve viec san xuat thanh cdng may in RICOH Pro8"l20S/8110S/8100S.
Mamata Singhvi, Digambar Gokhale (2013) cdn cho bilt: khdng chi cd tinh bdt ngd, khoai, sin ma ca sinh khdi lignocellu- lose (hpp chit cua lignin va cellulose) tii ba mia, go ciing la san pham tai tao va re tien, la ngudn sinh khdi de san xuat axid lactic, la mdt hpp chit quan trpng cd thi thay thi cac nguyen lieu hda thach dl san xuit PLA tren mdt quy md rdng ldn. Tinh din thang 6/2010, Nature Works la nha san xuit chinh ciia PLA tai Hoa Ky va cac cdng ty vat lieu sinh hpc (Ha Lan) khac la PURAC tham gia vao san xuit PLA. Hang Galactic va Total Petrochemicals boat ddng lien doanh dang phat triln mdt san phim thi he thii hai acid polylactic. Du an nay bao gdm viec xay dung mdt nha may thi dilm PLA d Bi cd kha nang san xuit 1.500 tin/nam. Do tinh chit bit ddi xiing ciia axid lactic, mdt sd ddng phan khac nhau ciia polylactide tdn tai: poly-L-lactide (PLLA) la san phim tao ra tii phan iing triing hpp ciia L - lactide cd khoang 37%, nhiet dp ndng chay 173-
178°C. Dilu dd md dudng cho viec ap dung va phat triln cac cdng nghe len men san xuit axid polylactic PLA tu vat lieu khdng an dupc nhu gd cat nhd va go thai. Ngoai ra cdn cd mdt ky thuat diic phu hpp dl san xuit hang loat cac san phim ma dat dupc hieu qua kinh te.
4. Cae san pham tu* LPA
Nhua phan buy sinh hpc da dupc sii dung rdng rai d chau Au va Nhat Ban, bdi vi hp dang cd y thiic ban ydi mdi trudng (Browne, 2009). PLAcd till dupc xu ly bing each dun, ep, phun, diic tim, va keo spi, cung cap cho con ngudi hang loat cac vat pham [12]. Viec sir dung bao bi PlantBottle la budc dot pha sang tao cua Coca-Cola de thay ddi each the gidi nghT ve chai nhua.
Cac loai thuc phim dac tnmg dupc thuc hien vdi su giiip dd cua cac enzym hoac huong lieu san xuat thdng qua cdng nghe sinh hpc cdng nghiep, bao gdm ca siia chua, banh mi, nudc tiai cay. Tat ca cac loai thuc pham va dd udng dupc phuc vu tien dia, cdc, dd dung dupc san xuat tir nhua sinh hpc dupc lam tii nguyen lieu ndng nghiep, thay vi vat lieu tir diu md [11]. BIO 2006 la cupc hpp thudng nien lin thii 14 ciia Td chiic Cdng nghiep Cdng nghe sinh hpc va la hdi nghi cdng nghe smh hpc qudc te ldn nhat tien thi gidi, vdi 19.479 ngudi tham du tir 62 qudc gia. BIO dai dien cho ban 1.100 cdng ty cdng nghe sinh hpc, vien nghien ciru, tnmg tam cdng nghe sinh hpc nha nudc va cac td chiic cd lien quan tien toan nudc My va 31 qudc gia khac. Hoat ddng ciia cac thanh vien BIO la tham gia vao viec nghien ciiu va phat trien y tl, ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, san phim cdng nghe smh hpc mdi trudng. Tai cupc hpp, mdt chuang trinh thdi tiang dac biet thiet ke quan ao hang ngay lam tii axid polylactic (PLA) ciing dupc ra mit. Quin ao cd the dupc lam tii mdt polyester tai tao cd ngudn gdc hoan toan tii hydrat carbon thay vi diu khi, ciing vdi nhimg vat lieu tii PLA dupc diic thanh cac tam nhua biobased ben va dd diing khac bing nhua PLA, qua dd cho mpi ngudi thiy PLA cung cd the dupc keo thanh spi san xuat ra cac loai vai ben [11].
5. Phan huy sinh hoc va tai che
Cac vat Ueu khdng di tii PLA ciing tu phan hiiy nhung
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khd khan. Thdi gian phan buy nhua thay ddi rat nhieu tiiy thudc vao loai nhua va mdi trudng [1].
Paper L«avc» Orange Peel Milk Carton
^ i @
2 - 4 Weeks 1-3 Months 3 - 6 Months
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SYcors AlumtnumCan Plastic 6 Pk Ring Plastic Bottle Class Bottle
rr I .£•
200-400 Ye«rs 400-SOO Years 400-SOO Years SOO Years-Forever7
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S6 1/2015
Thdi gian phan hiiy ciia mgt so vgt dung
Tgp chi
KH-CN Nghe An [39]
Mdt sd chit deo se phan buy it nhit la tiong mdt nam d dilu kien thich hpp. That khdng may, ngay ca chit deo phan buy nhanh chdng ciing cd mat trai, dd la deo phan huy, hda chit ddc thim vao dit va nudc ngim. N I U chiing phan buy tiong nudc, cac sinh vat d nudc hap thu cac hda chit ddc hai. Cac nha khoa hpc ciing da tim kilm dupc cac manh nhua tiong co thi ca. Sir phan buy rac ddi vdi nguyen lieu cd ngudn gdc tu nhien nhu giay va cac - tdng diln ra nhanh hon nhieu sp vdi nhua, kim loai va tiiiiy tinh. Bdi thi, vdi Axid polylactic (PLA) la mdt mat hang dai dien polyester tdng hpp tir cac ngudn tai tao se cd nhimg lpi ich ma nhua hda diu thdng thudng Ididng cd dupc nhu: tu phan buy, ddi hdi it nang lupng dl san xuit va lam giam san lupng khi nha kinh [8].
Trong mdi trudng dit, nudc cd nhieu vi sinh vat san smh ra cac enzim phan giai PLA dd la Amycolatopsis va Sac- charotrix hay enzim protease tii Amycolatopsis sp., va PLA - depolymerase, ciing cd the lam suy giam PLA.
Enzyme bromelain, pronase, proteinase K tir Tri- tirachium album cd the lam phan giai PLA hieu qua nhat lam suy giam PLA va miic dp an toan cao nhat. Chiing dupc thuy phan tiong co the vi smh vat tao ra axid lactic, axit glycolic, tii dd chuyen thanh carbon dioxide va nudc [12], dem lai lpi ich dang ke cho mdi trudng.
Trong cac thap ky qua, mdi quan tam bao ve mdi trudng da trd thanh mdt van dl quan tipng. Tii nam
F y F y
1960, da cd y kien cho rang "rdt nhieu nhua da duac sdn
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xudt, rdng cdc hdnh tinh cd the dime boc trong nd " [6].
t F F F
De giam sd lupng cua chat deo tai cac bai rac, tai che da dupc tang len tiong khi d mdt sd trudng hpp da thiy thay toan vat lieu de phan hiiy smh hpc nhu giiy. Tuy nhien, polyme tii dau md van tiep tuc dupc san xuat va su dung rdng rai. De giam bdt van de nay, cai gpi la "nhua phan hiiy smh hpc" da dupc kham pha nhu mdt su thay thi cho chat deo thdng thudng tii diu md. Phan hiiy sinh hpc dupc cho la su suy thoai cua polyme bing tac ddng ciia cac enzym va phan buy hda hpc cua polyme diln ra do tac dpng cua cac sinh vat sdng, ching ban nhu vi khuin vanam [12].
Lam till nao dk PLA cd till dl dang dupc tai chi? Cac du an Perpetual, mdt sang kien dupc dua ra tai Dai hpc Cdng nghiep miin Tay Ha Lan da dupc chiing minh la mdt each ti^et vdi de giao due nhung ngudi ca ben tiong va ben ngoai nganh cdng nghiep nhua sinh hpc vl each tai che boat ddng tien quy md cdng nghiep mac du PLA van la mdt loai vat lieu tuong ddi mdi cho nganh cdng nghiep nhua.' PLA dupc dua tien mdt he thdng vdng khep kin. Thay vi chi dan gian la lam giam tac ddng tieu cue ve mdi trudng, PLA thirc su tao ra mdt tac ddng tich cue. Bang each tai su dung va tai chi cac san phim cang
nhilu cang tdt va sau dd "tai hda nhap" bkng cac tiiy chpn khac nhau de bien chiing trd thanh nguyen Ueu cho mdt vdng ddi san phim mdi. Su kit thiic cua vdng ddi cho PLA bao gdm tai su dung, tai che, phuc hdi nang lupng tai tao (ddt), phan hiiy smh hpc, oxy hda ky khi va phuc hdi nguyen lieu. Bing su ddng vdng va lap lai theo each nay, ngudi tieu diing, cac nha san xuat cd the khdng budn nan va su dimg ngudn lire bieu qua ban - dam bao su trd lai ciia mdt ddng vat chat cd gia tri va giam thilu chit tiiai [4].
Su suy thoai cua cac polyeste beo cd ngudn gdc tii cac axid lactic va glycolic (PLA/GA) phu thudc vao nhieu yeu td. Mdt md Wnh dinh tinh da dupc de xuat de giai thich cho su suy thoai da dang nay. Nd dupc dua tren hien
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tupng khuech tan phan iing ket hpp vdi hieu ling autocatalytic ndi tieng ciia ket thiic chuoi carboxylic. Sur ddng gdp nay gpi nhd lai sir hieu biet hien tai ciia suy thoai thuy phan polyme PLA/GA va nhan manh tinh phiic tap cua nd tien co sd anh hudng cua cac yeu td phu nhu su hien dien cua mdt hpp chat ca ban, cu the la poly (acid lactic) va su hien dien ciia chudi dai dai phan tii poly (axid DL-lactic).
Nhua lam phan li la mdt giai doan mdi cua nhua ma cd the phan buy. Phan li cd nghia la cd kha nang phan hiiy sinh hpc tiai qua tiong mdt qua trinh phan ra cac vat lieu la khdng phan biet bing true quan va phan buy thanh carbon dioxide, nudc, cac hpp chat vd co va smh khdi vdi mdt tdc dd phu hap vdi vat lieu lam phan ii dupc biet den. Nd cd ngudn goc chung tii nguyen lieu tai tao thd nhu tmh bpt (vi du nhu ngd, khoai, sin...), ceUulose, acid lactic... khdng ddc hai tiong san xuat va phan buy tid thanh carbon dioxide, nudc, sinh khdi... khi li. Thudc tmh cac loai nhua phan ii tan riia va cd the lam phan bdn (Compostabil- ity) sinh hpc va vdi thdi gian khac nhau de hoan toan compost tii 90-180 ngay [3].
Sd phan cua PLA tiong sir hien dien cua vi sinh vat da dupc dilu tia lam rd. Diu tien, su ddng hda cua cac san pham, chang ban nhu monomer, acid lactic, dimer va oligome bdi cac vi sinh vat nhu nam (Fusarium monili- forme) va vi khuin (Pseudomonas putida) dupc danh gia tiong mdi trudng nudi ciy ldng.
Quan sat thay rang tim PLA ban diu bj phan
SO 1/2015 Tgp chi
KH-CN Nghe An [40]
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO001
buy bdi qua trinh thiiy phan hda sinh hpc cho din khi hinh thanh nhu cac san phim va sau dd cac vi sinh vat cd kha nang ddng hda [18]. Mdt sd xa khuin va vi khuin ua nhiet da dupc bao cao dl chiing td kha nang phan buy PLA nhu Brevibacillus, Bacillus smithii, Geobacillus, va Bacillus licheniformis. Trong sd 41 chi cd cac chiing xa khuin thu nghiem cho thiy su phan buy PLA dupc diln ra, dac biet la cac dai dien tiong hp Pseudonocardiaceae va chi Amycolatopsis, Lentzea, Kibdelosporangium, Streptoalloteicbus va Saccharotbrix (Jarerat et al.,2002).
Tai lieu tham khao
Dilu tiiii vi la Sukkhum et al. (2009) tiidng bao rang kha nang cua xa khuan tiong hp nay phan buy PLA khdng bi ban che. Do de phan hiiy sinh hpc ma nam 2002, CagUl Dow^ la nha lanh
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dao toan cau tiong thuang mai hda san xuat PLA, da cd chu hudng sii dung 300 trieu USD de bat diu san xuat hang loat ciia nhua PLA tiong mdt loat cac iing dimg. Vi vay, du kien PLA se su dung thay the cac vat lieu nhua tdng hpp tir hda diu bien nay la rat hiiu ich [16]./.
1. Be Green Packaging Store (May 14, 2013), How Long Does It Take for Trash to Decompose?
2. Mamata Singhvi, Digambar Gokhale (2013), Biomass to biodegradable polymer (PLA).
3. Biodegradation of PLA/GA polymers: increasing complexity.Vert Ml, MauduitJ, LIS. Biomaterials. 1994 Dec; 15(15): 1209-} 3.
4. JEFFREY GOTRO AND Dr. Robert Humphreys (1,10, 20\2)-From Corn to Polylactic Acid
5. Lee Tin Sin, Abdul R. Rahmat, W. A. W. A. Rahman, William Andrew (2012) Polylactic Acid: PLA Biopolymer Technology and Applications.
6. Lin Xiao, Bo Wang, Guang Yang and Mario Gauthier (January 20, 2012): Synthesis, Modification and Applications.
7. SOderg^rd, Anders; Mikael Stolt (February 2002). "Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composi- tion". Progress in Polymer Science 27 (6).
8. Stevens ES. 2002. Green Plastics: An introduction to the new science of biodegradable plastics. Princeton (NJ): Princeton Uni- versity Press.
9. Dr.Seiichi Taguchi (2008), A microbial factory for lactate-based polyesters using an engineered LA-polymerting enzyme.
10. Sukhumapom Sukkhum and Vichien Kitpreechavanich (2004), New Insight into Biodegradation ofPoly (L-Lactide), Enzyme Productionand Characterization.
11. Tracy Sayler, May (2006)-14"' Annual meeting ofthe biotechnology industry organization: conferenhighlihs.
12. Yutaka Tokiwa; Buenaventurada P. Calabia; Charles U. Ugwu; Seiichi Aiba (September 2009). "Biodegradability of Plastics"
International Journal of Molecular Science 9.
13. YTC America INC (Cited April 5, 2012). Ecology friendly polymeric materials.
KET QUA PHAN TICH DU LUONG HOA CHAT... (riptkotrang%)
- Cd 6 hoat chit phat hien du lupng tiong dau gdm: Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Hexaconazole, Pretilachlor, Abamectin, Fenitiotbion. Trong dd, cd 6 miu chiia du lupng Cypermethrin (chiem 24,00%), 2 mau chiia du lupng Chlorpyrifos (chiem 8,00%).
4.2. Di nghi
Tix nhung kit qua phan tich tien cho thiy ty le san phim dau cd-ve tdn du hda chit chilm ty le tuong ddi cap (chilm 32,00%).
Do vay, dl tao ra san pham an toan va dam bao siic khde cho ngudi tieu dung, Nha nudc cin cd nhung chinh sach ho tip kinh
F t
phi tiong san xuat, cu the:
- Md cac ldp tap huin cho ndng dan thuc hien chuong tiinh quan ly dich hai tdng hpp
theo phuang phap IPM, chuang trinh giam thieu rui ro thudc bao ve thuc vat...
- Tang cudng cdng tac tap huan ve ky Ihuat su dung thuoc bao ve thuc vat cho ba con ndng dan san xuat rau.
F
- Quy hoach viing san xuat rau an toan tap trung theo hudng VietGap, cd su giam sat cua dia phuang va can bd phu trach vung san xuit, ddng thdi cd chinh sach bao tieu san pham.
- Giam sat chat che viec su dung thudc tren rau,
t F \
kiem tia viec kinh doanh thudc bao ve thuc vat nham kip thdi xu ly, dac biet nhung dia phuang cd dien tich tidng rau ldn mang tinh chit san xuit theo phuang thirc hang hda.
- Danh gia dinh ky, kilm tia rdng hon vl sd lupng mau rau, quy md, sd lupng boat chit bao ve thuc vat va nhieu chiing loai rau de cd dinh hudng tiong kilm soat an toan thuc phim./.
S6 1/2015 Tgp chi
KH-CN Nghe An [41]
