K I N H T £ - P H A T T R i f N
DAY MANH XUAT KHAU HANG 146A
SANG TH!TRl/GfNG HOAKY
^ ThS-NCS. NGUY§N HtfU BI^N HOC Vif N N G A N H A N G - PHAN ViEN BAC NINH
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ien nay, ndn kinh td Hoa Ky vdn dang duy tr) dQng thQ nhdt trdn thd gidi ve tdng sdn phdm qudc ndi, d?t hdn 17 nghin t^ USD trong ndm 2014 (tfnh theo gid hidn hdnh). Mac du chl chidm khodng 4,4% ddn sd thd gidi nhimg Hoa Ky dd tao ra khodng 22% GDP todn cau. Ddng thdi, trong thQ hang thUdng mai todn cdu, Hoa Kjr cung dflng ddu the gidi vd nhdp khdu vd thQ hai thd gidi vd xudt khau. NhQng thdng kd trdn eho thdy vai trd vd vj the to Idn cOa Hoa Ky ddi vdi ndn kinh td the gidi. Trong nhQng ndm gdn ddy, Hoa YSy ludn Id ddi tde thUdng mai quan trpng va Id thj trudng xudt khdu Idn nhdt vdi kim ngach xudt khdu sang thj trudng ndy chiem gdn 20% tdng kim ngacii xudt khdu hdng hda cOa Vidt Nam.ThUc trang xudt khdu hdng hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng Hoa Ky giai doan 2009 - 2014
Nam 2009, dfldi tae dpng cua khung hodng tai chinh the gidi, kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Hoa ky giam 4,33% so vdi nam 2008. Tuy nhien, nam 2010, kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam vao Hoa Ky da tang manh me t r d lai vdi flat 25,39%.
Trong nhQng nam tiep theo, t f l nam 2011 den 2014, kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trfldng Hoa Ky tiep tuc tang t r u d n g tUOng doi cao nhflng chfla thuc sfl on djnh.
Kim ngach xuat khau sang Hoa Ky luon chiem thi phan cao trong tong kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam (khoang t f l 17% - 20% trong nhflng nam gan day), thi trfldng Hoa Ky da chflng t d nhu cau rat Idn ve hang
hoa Viet Nam, cung nhflvai tro la thj trfldng xuat khau chu Iflc cua Viet Nam (tfl nam 2009 den nay van dang la thi trfldng xuat khau Idn nhat). Tuy nhien, theo cd sd dfl lieu thfldng mai cua LHQ (UN Comtrade), gia trj buon ban hai chieu gifla Viet Nam va thj trfldng nay chi chiem ty trong rat nhd trong tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Ky (chfla den 1%).
Doi vdi Hoa Ky, Viet Nam chi la doi tae xep t h f l 23 ve xuat khdu hang hoa va xep t h f l 40 ve nhap khau hang hoa t f l thj trfldng nay.
Nhfl vay, tiem nang xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trfldng nay con rat Idn. Trong nhflng nam qua, hang det may van la mat hang dan dau ve xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trfldng Hoa Ky, vdi gia tri xuat khau trong nam 2014 la 9.820 trieu USD, chiem 34,27%
tong kim ngach xuat khau cOa
30 Tap chf BAO HlilM X A H d i ki 01 thang 6
KINHTi-PHATTRliN
Viet Nam sang thj trfldng nay vd chidm gan 50% tdng kim ngach xudt khau hdng ddt may cfla cd nfldc. Ngodi ra, cdc mdt hang nhu gidy ddp, gd vd cdc sdn pham tfl gd, hang thOy sdn cdc loai cung Id nhflng mat hdng chO luc, ddng gdp tjf trpng Idn trong tdng kim ngacii xudt khau cfla Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky.
Hang ddt may Id mdt trong nhflng mat hang the manh cfla Viet Nam, cd ddng gdp Idn vao kim ngach xuat nhdp cOa cd nudc. Kim ngach xudt khau mat hdng nay sang thj trudng Hoa Ky lien tue tdng vd chiem t;^ trpng rdt cao trong tdng kim ngach xudt khdu cOa Viet Nam sang thj trfldng Hoa Ky qua cdc ndm. Sdn phdm ddt may cOa Vidt Nam ngdy edng thu hflt dUdc sUchu y cOa ede nhd nhdp khau vd dupe Oy ban ThQong mai qudc td Hoa Ky nhdn djnh: "Vidt Nam Id mdt trong nhQng qudc gia hdng ddu tai chau A cd khd ndng canh tranh dupc vdi Trung Qude trong ITnh vflc det may". Hiep h$i nhdp khdu Ddt may Hoa ky cOng cho bidt Vidt Nam ludn la SQ iQa chpn hdng ddu cOa ede nlid nhdp khdu Hoa Ky.Ddc biet, khi dam phdn TPP dang dQpc didn ra vdi 12 qude gia tham gia thdo luan trong dd cd Vidt Nam vd Hoa Ky, ndu dQpc thdng qua sd gdp phdn thOc day kim ngach thUdng mai gifla 02 nQdc khi thue nhdp khdu hang ddt may gidm vd 6% (hien nay thud nhdp khau hdng ddt may vdo Hoa Ky tfl 16-32%).
Cde mdt hdng chiem tutrong Idn khac cd sQtdng trudng ddng k l tai thj trudng Hoa Ky, cdc mat hdng ddu tdng d mQc 02 eon sd.
So vdi tdc dp tang trQdng xudt khdu cOa Vidt Nam vdo thj trfldng ndy ndm 2014 Id 20,14%, thi mdy vi tfnh, sdn phdm dien tfl vd cdc linh kidn cd tdc dd tdng trfldng rdt nhanh, tdng 43,83%
nam 2014. Bdn canh dd, ed cdu
hdng hda xudt khdu cung dang dflpc chuyen bidn theo hfldng tich cue: Cdc mat hang che bien ngdy eang chidm ty trpng Idn hPn cdn cde mat hang xudt khdu thd dang ngdy cdng gidm ddn.
Tuy nhidn, tQ nhieu ndm qua, hdng det may cOa Vidt Nam cung nhu cdc hdng hda khde xudt khau chO y^u theo hlnh thQc gia cdng cho nQdc ngoai hodc xudt hdng sdn xudt tQ nguydn lieu nhdp khdu. Mat khde, ndng lye eung Qng vd tidp thj xuat khau cOa cdc doanh nghiep Vidt Nam nhln chung ydu. Ngodi nhQng yeu kem chung nhQchOng loai sdn phdm nghdo ndn; gid cd khdng canh tranh; chdt lupng sdn pham ehua cao...; didm yeu ndi bat cOa cac doanh nghiep Vidt Nam khi xuat khiu sang thj trudng Hoa Ky Id quy md sdn xuat nhd;
khd nang lien kdt ydu ndn khd cd thd ddp Qng cdc ddn hang Idn va (hodc) ed thdi gian nhanh tai thj trQdng ndy.
Mdt sd gidi phdp nhim tdng cirdng xu^t khiu hdng hda sang thj trUdng Hoa Ky trong thdi gian tdi
Nhdm cdcgidiphap vimd Hd trd cde doanh nghidp xay dyng va phdt trien thfldng hieu sdn pham tal thj trfldng Hoa Ky.
Oe phdt trien thj trfldng Idu ddi vd ben vQng, can xdy dflng, qudng bd thuong hieu tren todn thd gidi cung nhutai Hoa Ky.Oe Idm dupe dieu nay, doanh nghiep can cd sQ hd trp Idn tfl phfa nhd nude va hidp hdi ngdnh hang thdng qua cde chuong trinh hd trp vdn vd xue tidn thfldng mai, xay dflng thfldng hieu cdn dflpc flu tien tai thj trfldng Hoa Ky.
Phd bidn cho cde doanh nghidp trong nfldc ve thj hieu va nhijfng thay ddi cOa thj trfldng Hoa Ky, vd chfnh sdch nhdp khdu cOa Hoa Ky, vd Hidp djnh ThUdng
mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky vd vd TPP.
Thi trudng Hoa Ky cd nhidu quy djnh phQc tap, hay thay d6\. VI vdy, can phdi edp nhat thdng tin vd Sli dich chuydn thj hidu cOa ngQdi tidu dOng, cdc chfnh sdch thud va phi thud quan, mdt sd thO tyc khac khi nhdp khdu vdo Hoa Ky. Odng thdi, td chQc nhflng Idp bdi dudng, nhufng eude hdi thdo d l ndng cao mQc dd hieu bidt cOa cac doanh nghidp ve thj trfldng Hoa Ky.
Tdng cfldng hoat ddng xflc tidn thfldng mat tai thj trQdng Hoa Ky theo cdc liQdng ehfnh nhQ ho trp cdc doanh nghidp Vidt Nam hoat ddng xflc tidn t^i Hoa Ky; hd trp cdc doanh nghiep Hoa Ky ndm bdt thdng tin vd thi trQdng Viet Nam; tang cfldng qudng bd hlnh dnh Vidt Nam, hdng hda xudt khau cua Vidt Nam tren ede phuong tien truyen thdng; xdy dflng kho ngoai quan tai cdc tiii trfldng trpng didm nhdm vflpt qua cdc rdo cdn chdt Ifldng vd tdng sfl tin cay cho ban hdng...
Nhdm gidi phdp ddi vdi doanh nghiip
Cdc doanh nghidp phdi ludn ludn chu trpng hdn nQa vdo ndi dja hda cdc ngudn nguydn lidu vl ddy cd the ndi Id van dd hdng dau, quyet djnh sfl sdng cdn vd phdt tridn cua cdc doanh nghiep ehd bien. Tuy nhidn, hidn nay nhidu sdn phdm Idm nguydn li$u Idm cho cdng nghidp ehd bien vdn phdi nhdp khau vi vdy vide gidm bdt sir Id thude vdo ngudn nhidn lidu nhdp khau Id didu doanh can hfldng tdi de chO ddng trong sdn xudt. Oieu quan trpng nhdt Id cdc doanh nghiep cdn xdy dflng dupc vOng nguydn lieu ddp flng cdc thj trfldng ridng.
Cdc doanh nghiep edn quan tdm den ndng cao ndng sudt lao ddng; ddng thdi, cdi tidn mdu ma, ndng eao chdt chat iQpng sdn phdm vd tudn thO cdc didu
•http://tapchibaohiemxahoi.gov.vn 31
SI^CKHdE-DCnsdNG kidn ve hdng hda ma thj trfldng
Hoa Ky quy dmh.
Cdc doanh nghidp xudt khau tim hfldng tidp cdn thj trQdng phu hpp: Cd thd trUc tidp tidp cdn vdi cdc nhd ban Id, cdng ty sdn xuat, cdng ty kinh doanh ed vdn phdng tai Viet Nam - cdch ndy giup doanh nghidp Viet Nam trflc tidp trao ddi thdng tin, dd dang kidm tra tQ cdch cOa khdch hdng. Hoac tidp cdn vdi cdc nhd sdn xudt cfla Hoa Ky dd nhdn gia cdng - vcfi cdch ndy, cdc ddi tdc thfldng cd nhu cau Id^ vd cd nhidu ngudn cung cdp, vl vdy cdc doanh nghidp nhd nen cd sfl lidn kdt di thu hut hp ddn mua. Ngodi ra, cd thd tidp cdn vdi cdc nhd budn, cdc nhd nli^p khau Hoa Ky hay thdng qua h0 thdng dai didn bdn hdng t^i ddy.
Tdng cfldng tim hidu ludt phdp Hoa Ky vd dfla ra cdc gidi phdp trdnh cdc vu kien bdn phd gid. Di flng phd vdi nhflng thay ddi mdi trdn thj trfldng Hoa Ky, bdn canh vi^c tudn thO quy djnh bdng cdch sdn xudt hdng hda bdo ddm chdt lflpng, kidm tra ngudn gdc cung flng sdn phdm... doanh nghidp ndn tim cdc dPn vj tu vdn chuydn nghidp, uy tfn de dupe hudng din vd nhflng dao ludt, rdo cdn ky thudt thuang m^i efla Hoa Ky.
Ngodi ra, di trdnh ede vy Id^n bdn phd gid, khdng ndn duy tri mflc gid thdp trong thdi gian ddi, ndn didu tidt tde dd tdng trudng vd phdt trien cdc ngdch thj trudng nhdm chuydn nguy cd bdn phd gid vd phfa ddi thfl canh tranh, t^n dyng co hdi ve phfa mlnh.l
T i i llfu them khio
- T6ng CMC Thtfng ki V\^ Nam, S 6 1 ) ^ ctiuygn ai vi g i i trj xuSt nti$p khJu, - J6ng CMC Hdi quan Vi$t Nam, S6 \\bi thfing kfl. www.customs.Qov.vn.
- Phdng Thuong mai v i c6ng nghifp V l ^ Nam, D i m phSn Hl^p dinh TPP, http-y/»ww.trungtamwto.vn.
,CAC LOAI
THUOC Y I I N
hay dung
^ThS.L£QU6CTHjNH
N
gdy nay, cde dang thude vien sau khi bdo che cdng nghidp dflpe bao gdi vdi nhieu hlnh thflc rdt da dang giflp eho viee bdo qudn dflpe tdt vd chdng nham ldn. Trong thude vidn cung da ed rdt nhieu loai khde nhau nhu vien nang, vidn ndn, vidn bao, vidn ngdm, vidn ddt dudi ludi, vidn sOi, vien tdc dyng kdo ddi... Mdu sdc cfla vidn thudc cung rdt phong phO do vd nang thudc (capsule) dupc trinh bdy vdi nhidu mdu sdc rdt bdt mdt. Ndu so sdnh vdi nhQng mdu sdc cOa hoa Id thi thudc cung dadang nhfl vdy. Cdc dang vidn bao, vidn nang mem hay nang cCtng cd nhidu kidu ddng dep long lanh nhfl nhijfng hat ngpe trai giup cho nhieu ngfldi thdn thidn hPn vdi thudc ndu bdt bude phdi dQng ddn dflpc phdm.
Viin nang ddng vi Id d^ng thude hay gdp nhdt trdn thj trudng vd dupe di^ng phd bidn trong cdng ddng vl ddy Id dang thudc d^ bdo qudn, ngQdi bdnh tu sQ dung theo hudng ddn cOa thay thudc, khdng cdn cd sfl hd trp cOa cdc dyng cy y td khde nhfl thudc tidm... Vien nang ed
32 Tap chl BAO H I I M XA Hdl ky 01 thing 6/2015
