TAI CHJNH-NBAN HANG-BAO HIEM
MQT SO NHAN TO ANH Hl/OfNG DEN HOAT D O N G CHO VAY TIN CHAP
TAI NGAN HANG THl/CfNG MAI
• D 6 TH! BICH H 6 N G - HO THj YEN LY
TOM TAT:
Doi vdi ngan h i n g Ihffdng mai ( N H T M ) . hoat dong cho vay la mot trong nhffng hoal dong dem lai nguon thu ldn nhS't hien nay. Do'i v d i khach hang, vay lin chap nham giai quyet nhu cau von mot each nhanh chong ma khong can phai the chap, dam bao lai san de vay. Tuy nhien, hoat d6ng cho vay tin cha'p tiem an nhffng rui ro cho N H T M . cung nhu" ton tai nhffng bat cap do'i vdi khdch hang. Bai vie't dffa ra cac nhan to'anh hffdng de'n hoat dpng eho vay lin chap nhhm llm ra cac nhan to'chu cho't cung nhff mffc do anh hff6ng cua tffng nhan lo'de de xua't cac kie'n nghj nhhm nang cao boat dong eho vay lin chap lai N H T M .
Tff khoa: Vay lin chap, lai sua't. phffdng thffc t h a n h l o a n , t b 6 i han thanh loan, hdp dong tin dung, ngan hang ihffdng mai.
l . D ^ t va'nde
Vay tin cha'p la hinh thffc cho vay khong can tai sdn dam bao. du'a hoan loan vao uy tin cua khdch hang ca nhiin ( K H C N ) v^ nang Iffc tra nd dc phue vu eho cac miic dich ca nhan. cd the la nidi khoan chi phi cho d a m cffdi. du lich, mua hAng tieu dung \ a cac khoan cho vay ra't thuan tien de phue vu cho ta't ca cac nhu cau cua khach hing. Mpt khoan vay tin cha'p thffdng dao dong tif 10 Irieu dong de'n .'iOO trieu dong va thdi han cho \ay linh boat tff 12 thang den 60 thang Vay tin chap cd the \ a> iheo Iffdng. vay theo hoa ddn lien dien. \ a y theo gia'y phep kinh doanh. vay Iheo hdp dong tin dtJng tra gdp. vay theo ca vet
\e ma\ chinh chu va \ a \ theo ban mffc lhe lin dung. N'g."i\ nay. khi dcii song ngay cang cao. nhu eau \ a \ tin chap ngay cang n h i e u . da dang va phong phu. c i c N H T M cang day manh hoat dong nay hdn nham giup khach hang g i a i quye't cac
nhu cau trong n g i n han nhir mua sSm, tieu dung, giai tri cho ban than va gia dinh,,.. Nhu cau cua K H C N lai tang, dd do cac N H T M day manh goi kich cau cho gdi va\ khdng the'cha'p cung la dieu de hieu.
2. C d sff ly luSn vg vay tin chap 2.1. Khdi niem, ddc diem vd loi ich ciia vay tin chd'p
+ Khdi niem
V ; i \ tin chap la hinh ihtVc cho vay khdng can tai san dam bao, dffa hoan loan vao uy tin ciia ca nhan va cdng ty dang cdng tac de phue vu cho cac muc dich ca nhan. cd lhe la m o i khoan chi phi cho du lich, mua hang tieu dung va cae khoan cho \ a y rat thuan tien de phue vu cho lal ca cac nhu cau cua khach hang. Mot khoan vay lin chap Ihffdng dao ddng tff 10 trieu dong den 500 trieu dong va thdi han cho \ a y tra gdp linh hoat tff 12 thana de'n 60 thans.
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TAP CHI CdNG THIfdNG
Va\ lin chap thffdng dffa vao thda thuan cua 2 ben. thifdng mdt ben la NHTM \a mot ben la ca nhan di \ a ) . Hlnb thffc \ a \ vd'n nay ed thu tuc kha ddn gian. Nhu'ng phia NHTM se cd cac nghiep \u chuyen nghiep de tham dinh xem cd nen eho \a} tra gdp hay khong. Dii \ a \ . rui ro khi vay tin chap kbdng cd kha nang ira nd van hoan loan cd the xay ra.
+ Due dieni vd Icfi ich kht vay lin chap Vay tin cha'p khong can the'cha'p tai san dam bao, nghTa ta NHTM khdng yeu cau ba'i ky tai san the chap nao.
Thu luc ho sd ddn gian: KHCN cung cap gia'\
Id cd nhan it nha'l, hoan toan ddn gian hdn nhieu so vdi mdl khoan vay the chap.
Quy trinh cho vay ddn gian. giai ngan nhanh chdng cbi sau 2 - 3 ngay lam viec, cd the chi sau 30 phiil.
Khdng quan tam de'n chi tie't muc dich vay:
KHCN khdng can phai tie't Id chi tie'l viec sff dung sd'tien \ay. mien dd la muc dich vay lieu dung, cde NHTM quan tam de'n kha nang thanh loan cua ban nhieu hdn.
So' lien vay cao: KHCN de dang nhan dffdc mot khoan vay nhanh vdi han mffe cho \a\ tifdng do'i cao. dao dong tff 10 - 15 lan thu nhap to'i da len de'n 500 trieu dong, cd NHTM ho trd den 1 i\.
Tbdi gian cho \a} linh hoal tff 12 thang de'n 60 thang.
Lai sua't canh tranh. thffdng dao ddng 6 mffc 15 - I87f/nam doi \di NHTM. Tien lai thi/dng tinh theo dff nd giam dan.
2.2. Mgt so'hinh tbdc vay tin ehap Hien nay,CiicNHTM deu laodieu kien thuan ldi cbo KHCN khi men khai ra't nhteu h'mb thffc cho \ay tin chap. Khach hiing cd the chpn hinh thffc phu hdp \di dieu kien va nhu cau cua minh.
Sau day la cac hinh thffc vay tin chap phd bie'n hien nay:
-i- Vay tin chd'p iheo lUcfng:
Vay theo Iffdng la hinh thffc vay ma ngffdi va\
khdng can phai the chap tai san. khdng can phai cd ngffdi bao lanh. chi yeu cau ngffdi vay chffng minh dffdc mffc liTdng \a cong viec hien tai cua minh. Chinh \i \ay. tuy thugc vao mffc Iffdng cua moi ngffdi ma cd ngifdi dffdc \a_\' nhieu. cd ngffdi dffde \ a \ it.
Hien nay cd nhieu NHTM Ja trien khai h thffc cho vay tieu dung tin cha'p theo Iffdng dieu kien va thu tue ddn gian. nhanh chdng.
-\- Vay lin chd'p theo hda dOn lien dien:
La san pham vay tieu dung tin chap dp dt cho KHCN cd dffng ten tren hda ddn ddng 1 dien hang thdng. Trong dd, yeu cau mdi hda i ddng phi tien dien phai >= 200.000 ddng. T vao hda ddn lien dien sinh boat cua gia d khach hang ma NHTM bd trd cho vay vd'n cha'p tffdng ffng vdi quy dinh.
Hda ddn tien dien cua khach hiing se ti thuan vdi so' tien vay. Tffc la hda ddn tien d cang cao lhi sd'tien giai ngan cang Idn (lo'i da trieu ddng).
+ Vay lin chd'p llieo lhe lin dung:
Vay theo the tin dung la chffdng irinh vay 1 dung tin cha'p danh cho KHCN dang di lam hifi lu'dng hodc chu doanh nghiep cd s6 hi7u the dung han mffc tff 15 trieu ddng trd len cua ba't NHTM nao. NHTM se xem xel cho vay dffa i han mffc tin dung tren the.
+ Vay tiu chdp ibeo bdo hiem nhdn (BHNT):
Vay theo BHNT !a mot hinh thffc vay khe can tai san dam bao, chicaned hdp ddng BHNT hieu Iffc tff 1 nam trd len cua cac cdng ty bao hi ba'tki tinh tai thdi diem vay. Day la khoan vay han mffc cho vay cao, thdi gian linh ddng, d kien va ho sd ddn gian, giai ngan nhanh chdng + Vay tin chd'p bdng ho khdu vd chdng in nhan ddn:
Khi khach hang vay vd'n tin cha'p bang so khau va CMND khdng can chffng minh thu nl cua minh hay ngffdi bao lanh ma chi can cungi sd hp khau va CMND cho NHTM. Khdng nhi vay, khi sff dung hinh thffc nay. KHCN dffdc trd vay Ien de'n 70 trieu dong vdi thdi gian I ddng 6 thang de'n 24 thang. Dieu kien vay ' cung khd ddn gian. chi can khach hang khdng nd xa'u, vdi do tuoi tff 20 - 60 tudi.
3. Nhffng nhan td'anh hffdng de'n hoat d(
cho vay tin chSp tai ngan hang thffdng mai 3.1. Nhdm nhdn to'tii ngdn hdng TIn'f nhd'l. chie'n lUc/c kinh clccinh: Day la nha dau tien anh hi/dng de'n hieu qua tin dung. Ch Iffdc kinh doanh lien quan den kha nang canh ir thanh cdng tren lhi in/dng. Nd lien qu w, den
294 So 9-Thang 5/2020
TAI CHJNH-NGAN HANG-BAD KIEM
quyel djnh chie'n Iffdc ve lffa chpn san pham, dap ling nhu cau khach hang, gianh ldi the canh tranh so vdi cae ddi diu, khai thac va lao ra cac cd hdi mdi„.. Dffa tren cd sd mpt chie'n Iffdc kinh doanh dffdc \dc lap, NHTM se chuyen nd thanh hanh dOng. lapra nhffng ke hoaeh bp phan cho tffng thdi k\ dam bao cho nhffng muc tieu da de ra; dac biet CO ke hoaeh anh hffdng trffc lie'p den hieu qua cbo va\ nhff: ke hoaeh lang trffdng tin dung, ke hoaeh markeling. chinh sach nban sff,
Thd hai, cdc cbinh sdch, quy dinh cua ngdn luing: Dd la chinh sach cham sdc khach hang trffdc va .sau khi cho vay cd chu ky dao hay khong; Cdc quy dinh ve lai sua't va phi tin dung cao hay thap. cd linh hoat va phu hdp vdi thu nhap hien cd cua ngffdi dan hay kbdng; Cac quy dmh vc thdi ban tin dung va ky han nd, lai san dam bdo, phffdng thffc giai ngan va thanh loan, thu luc xin vay vd'n cd phffc lap hay ddn gian. ihdi gian tham dmh hd sd vay vd'n keo dai bao lau,...
Thdba, ehd'l lUOng cdn bg tin dung. Nhan vien tin dung la ngffdi trffc tie'p tie'p xuc vdi KHCN, lig'p nhan hd sd, hffdng dan khdch hang cdc thu luc \ ay vd'n, thffc hien thu IhSp va xff ly thdng tin v^ khdch hang de dffa ra quye't dinh cho vay hay khong cho vay. cung nhff la ngifdi thffe hien giam sal sau khi cho vay va thu nd. Do dd, mdi nhSn vien tin dung pbai cd trinh dp chuyen mdn. kha niing nghiep vu, kha nang phan tich, danb gia, cd trich nhiem trong cdng viec tren cd sd lffa chgn difdc nhffng khach hang cd du nang life phap ly, cddu nang Iffc tai chinh. cd tff each dao dffc td't,...
Nhdcd nhffng cdn bd nhff vay, cac khoan cho vay diln ra an loan va hieu qua hdn. boat ddng cho vay cung nhanh chdng va thu5n tien hdn.
Tbd lif, cdng lac thdng tin: Tren cd sd ngudn thong lin nhan dffdc, NHTM thifc hien phan tich tin dung de danh gia kha nang hien lai va tiem niing ciia KHCN ve sff dung vd'n, ciing nhff kha ndng hoan tra vd'n vay cho ngan hang. NHTM se Iim kiem nhffng tinh hud'ng cd the dan den rui ro cho ngan hang va tien Iffdng kha nang kiem soat ciia ngan hang \ e cdc riii rodd, dff kie'n cac bien phdp phong ngffa va han che thiet hai cd the xay ra. Tff dd. lam c0 sd de ra quyet dmh tin dung.
chap ihudn hay khdng cha'p thuan cho vay.
Thd nam, cong nghe ctia ngdn hdng: Cdng nghe hien dai giup cho NHTM cung cap dich vu
hien dai. phong phii. phue \u nhu cau nga\ cang ldn va da dang ciia khach hang. Trong khi dd. ddc thil cua boat ddng cho vay khdch hang ca nhan la giao dich vdi sd' Iffdng khdch hang ddng va da dang, NHTM phai thffc hien mpt sd Iifdng Idn cac hdp dong cho vay. Do dd. he thd'ng cdng nghe cua ngan hang hien dai \ffa tiet kiem dffdc thdi gian cdng sffc ciia can bd tin dung, vffa nhdm han che ldi da sff nham ian. sai sdt trong qua trinh giao dich vdi khach hang.
3.2. Nhom nhdn Id'tit khdch hdng Thd nhd'l, ndng life Idi chinh cua khdch hdng:
Vdi mdi can bd tin dung va'n de quan lam dau lien ve khach hang cua minh la kha nang tra nd.
Mdt khoan vay vd'n dffdc NHTM cha'p nhan khi khdch hang ddp ffng day dii nhffng yeu cau ve nang Iffc tai chinh du ldn \a lanh manh de ihffe hien nghTa vu ira nd. Ngan hang can xem xet ky Iffdng nhffng ngudn tra nd nghi ngd ve tinh lanh manh boac ngudn dii manh nbi/ng khdng d'n djnh.
Thd hai, nhu cdu. ihdi quen vd dgo ddc khdch hdng: Ngoai nhffng nhan td' tren con ke de'n nhan to' khach quan b^n ngoai ngan hang cung anh hffdng tdi cho vay KHCN. dd la dao dffc khdeh hang. Ne'u nhff khach hang la ngffdi cd y thffc trd nd lot. rui ro tin dung iha'p ihi se kich thich ngan hang md rgng hoat ddng cho vay, cac quy dinh ciing khdng qua khat khe.
3.3. Nhdm nhdn to'ngodi ngdn hdng Thd nbd't. dgc diem thi infdng ncfi ngdn hdng hogi dong: Ne'u la ihanh thi hoae ndi tap trung ddng dan cff cd mffc thu nhap khd, trinh do hgc va'n cao thi nhu cau \a\ ciia KHCNse tang cao hdn so vdi cac vung ndng thdn. heo ldnh ndi ma ngffdi ndng dan quanh nam chi biel tdi ddng rudng.
Tbd hai. moi tnfdng kinh le', chinh tri: Mdi trffdng kinb te'. chinh tri cd anh hffdng tdi hoai ddng cho vay ciia KHCN, Ne'u nen kinh te' phat trien td't. thu nhap binh quan dau ngffdi cao va mdi tru'dng chinh tri dn dinh thi hoat ddng cho vay dd'i vdi KHCN cung se dien ra thdng sud't, phat trien vffng chac va ban che rac rd'i xay ra. Neu mdi trffdng cd sff canh tranh khd'c liel giffa cac NHTM de danh khach hang thi hoat dpng cho vay cua NHTM se gap nhieu khd khan.
4. Ke't luan
Qua ndi dung tren cho tha'y. vay vd'n tin chap dang la mdt trong nhifng giai phap lai chinh difdc
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TAP CHI CDNG THl/ONG
ffa chupng giup KHCN thffc hien cae rage dich hffdng ra't Idn de'n hoat ddng cho \a> iin chap tieu dung trong nhffng irffdng hdp gap khd khan NHTM. Nhffng NHTM can xem \ei cae nhai
\ e tai chinh. Vdi nhffng nhan td' tff phia kbdcb dd \a danh gid mffc do trgng >eu cila tffng nl hang. NHTM. ngoai NHTM. thi tru'dng \d'n. cac id'de difa ra cdc loai hinh cbo \ a \ tin chap | chinh sach lai sua't, phu'dng thffc thanh todn. ihdi hdp vdi tffng dd'i tifdng KHCN dffa vao thu nh ban thanh toan. mdi tn/dna, kinh le. chinh iri anh uy lin. tai chinh. cdng viec.. •
TAI LIEU TH.VM KHAO:
1 Ni;u\en Minh Kieu (2014i. Gido trinh Nghiep vu ngdn hdng ihifcfng mai. NXB Tai chinh.
2 Nguven Diing Ddn (2012) Gido irinh Tin clung ngdn hdng NXB Dai hgc kinh le Thiinh phd Ho Chi Minh
Ngay nhan bai: 7/4/202(1
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sffa chffa: 17/4/2020 Ngay cha'p nbSn dang bai: 27/4/2020
Thdng tin idc gid • ThS. D 6 THI BICH HONG ThS. HO THI YEN LY Trffdng Dai hgc Ba Rja - Viing Tau
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF UNSECURED LOAN OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
• Master, DO THI BICH HONG
• Master. HO THI YEN LY Ba Ria - Vung Tau University
ABSTRACT:
Lending is one of major activities of commercial banks. For customers, unsecured loans could help them solve their needs for capital quickly when they have no existing mortgage or secured assets. Howe\ er. banks face higher risks when providing unsecured loans and there are aKo inadequacies related to unsecured loans for customers. This article presents factors affecting the provision of unsecured loans of banks in order to find out key factors and the influence level of each factor, thereby making recommendations to improve ihe provision of unsecured loans of commercial banks.
Ke\«()rds: Unsecured loans, interest rate, payment method.s. payment terms, credit contracts, commercial bank.
296 So 9 - T h d n g 5/2020
