TAP CHi LUAT HOC SO 12/2016 NGHltN ClW - TRAP DPI
m m THIEN PHAP LUAT LAO OONG NHAM THiJC HIEN CAM KET TRONG HIEP fl!NH TPP VE QUYEN TU DO LAP HOI CUA NGUOI LAO OONG
TRANTHITHU^LAM*
Tdm tdi: Tren ca sd phdn itch quyen tu do thdnh Igp to chuc dgi dien (quyen tu do Igp hoi) cm ngudi lao ddng theo Hi4p djnh ddi tdc xuyen Thdi Binh Duang (Hi^p dinh TPP), bdi viet ddnh gid sjf tuong thich cua phdp lugt ViQt Nam hi^n hdnh ve quydn ty do thdnh Igp to chuc dgi dien cua nguai lao dong so vdi Hi?p djnh TPP, tren ca sd dd di xudt mot sd kien nghj nhdm hodn thi?n phdp lugt vi quyin tu do thdnh lap td chuc dgi dien ctia ngudi lao dgng theo Hi$p djnh TPP.
Tukhod: Hiep djnh TPP; hodn thi^nphdp lugt: nguoi lao dgng; thdnh tgp; to chdc dgi di?n.
Nhgn bdi: 17/8/2016 Hodn thdnh bien tgp: 08/12/2016 Duy?t dang: 15/01/2017
IMPROVING THE LABOUR LAW TO FULFILL THE COMMITMENTS UNDER THE TPP AGREEMENT ON FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION O F WORKERS
Abstract: On the basis of analysing freedom of forming representative organizations (freedom ej associalion) of workers under the Trans-Pacific Partner Agreement (TPP Agreement), the paper evaluates ilie compatibility of the current law of Vietnam on freedom of forming representative organisations of workers with the TPP Agreement and based on that it offers some suggestions for improving the law on freedom of forming representative organizations of workers in accordance with the TPP Agreeinent.
Keywords: TPP Agreement; law improvement; worker; formation; representative organization.
Received: Aug I7\ 2016: Editing completed: Dec S'*, 2016; Accepted for publication: Jan if". 2017.
1. Quyen t y do thanh lap to chirc dai quan den ihucmg mai, Hiep dinh TPP co dien (ty do lap hpi) ciia ngiroi lao dong theo chuong rieng ve lao ddng. Tuy nhien, can Hiep dinh T P P luu y rdng, ddi vdi cdc npi dung v l lao ddng, Hiep djnh ddi lac xuyen Thai Binh Duong Hiep dinh khdng dua ra cac lieu chudn mdi (gpi tdt la Hiep djnh TPP) Id hiep dinh thuong v l lao ddng ma ddy chfnh la cac tieu chuSn mai tu do thi he mdi cua thi ki XXI. Hiep lao ddng c a ban dupe ndu Trong tuydn b6 djnh nay khdi ngudn tir Hiep dinh ddi tac ndm 1998 cua Td chiic lao ddng qudc t l (ILO) chien lupc xuyen Thai Binh Duang, liic ddu va mdt sd deu chudn kT thuat khdc, bao gdm:
chi cd 4 nude tham gia, sau dd den Hoa Ky - Quyin tu do lien kit vd thuong lupng va hien nay cd them 7 nude (trong dd cd Viet tap thi ciia ngudi lao ddng va ngudi sii dung Nam) Iham gia. Ben canh nhiing chucmg lien lao ddng (Cdng udc ciia ILO sd 87 va 98);
^_____ - Xoa bd lao ddng cuong buc vd lao
* Giang vien cao dp, Trirtug Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi ^^ng bdt bupc (Cong udc Cua ILO sd 29 vd E-mail: ([email protected] sd 105);
TA? CHi LUAT HQC S6 12/2016 NGHI&N CVV - TRAO DPI - Bai bd lao ddng tre em, cam cdc hinh
thijc lao ddng tre em xh\ t? nhdt (Cdng udc cua ILO sd 138 vd 182);
- Chdm durt mpi hinh thiic phdn biet ddi xii vl viec 1dm vd nghi nghiep (Cdng uoc ciia ILO sd lOOvdsdUl);
- Cdc dieu ki|n lao dpng cd the chap nhan dupe (theo phap luat qudc gia) ve luong tdi thieu, thdi gid lam viec, an todn, ve sinh lao ddng.
Nhu vdy, cd the thdy cdc yeu cdu ve lao dpng trong Hiep dinh TPP cung chfnh Id yeu cdu ddt ra ddi vdi cac qudc gia thdnh vien ciia ILO. Thuc hien cdc cam ket ve lao ddng trong TPP cung chfnh la thyc hien cdc tieu chudn lao ddng ca ban dupe ndu trong 8 Cdng udc theo Tuyen bd ndm 1988 ciia ILO.
Tuy nhien, cdn luu y rdng neu viec thyc thi cdc tieu chudn lao ddng trong Tuyen bd nam 1998 cua ILO dupe thuc hien thdng qua ca che giam sat khdng dan den che tdi thuomg mai thi co che dam bdo thuc thi cam ket cua Hiep dinh TPP ve If thuyet cd the ddn den che tdi thuong mai.
Ben canh Hiep djnh, cdc nude cdn kf nhieu phu luc song phuong ve cdc ITnh vyc khdc nhau. Hoa Ky vd Viet Nam ciing cd ban cam kit phu luc "Ke hoach ciia Viet Nam vd Hoa Ky ve tang cudng thuong mai vd quan he lao dpng". Ban phu luc song phuong nay khdng phdi la thod thudn bd sung ve nhung cam ket cho Chucmg 19 cua Hiep dinh ma chi la dua ra each hieu chung cua hai ben lien quan den viec thuc thi cam ket ve lao ddng theo Chuong 19 cho phu hop vdi dieu kien, hodn canh cu the d Viet Nam, xsong dd cd de cap 4 vdn de: I) Cdi cdch phdp ludt; 2) Cai cdch bd may td chiic vd tdng cudng ndng lyc
thyc thi; 3) Minh bach va chia se thdng tin; 4) Co che ra sodt, theo ddi thyc thi.
Ve cai cdch phdp ludt cho phii hop vdi cam ket trong Hiep dinh, Phy luc phdn Ion X&g trung xoay quanh van de quyen ty do lap hoi cua ngudi lao dpng. Day Id mpt trong nhiing tieu chudn lao dpng qudc te ca ban ciia ILO dupe ghi n h ^ d-ong Cdng udc sd 87 ve tu do nghiep doan vd bdo ve quyen dupe td chuc ndm 1948 vd Cdng uac sd 98 ve dp dung nhimg nguydn tdc ciia quyen td chuc vd thucmg lupng tap the ndm 1949.
Xudt phdt tir nhiing quan he lao ddng mang tfnh ca nhdn (quan he giGa nguoi lao d^ng va nguoi sii dung lao ddng), ciing vdi su phdt trien cua trinh dp lyc lupng sdn xuat da ddn phdt sinh nhung quan he lao ddng tap the giiia nhieu ngudi lao dpng cung tham gia thyc hien cdng viec trong dieu kien chung, vdi che dp, tieu chudn lao ddng chung (tap the lao ddng) vdi ngudi sir dung lao dpng.
Chinh sy ddng nhat ve chu su dung lao ddng dd dan den nhung su lucmg ddng dx)ng dieu kien, gid gidc 1dm viec, luong bdng, phiic Ipi... vd vd hinh trung da hinh thanh nen sy gdn bd, lien ket giiia nhiing ngudi lao ddng vdi nhau. Han niia, do la ben yeu the trong quan he lao ddng nen ngudi lao dong thudng cd xu hudng lien ket lai vdi nhau, tap trung siic manh de cai thien vi the nhdm hudng tdi muc tieu chung la dam bdo dia vi binh ddng hem vdi ngudi sii dung lao ddng trong viec thoa thuan ve nhung quyen va Ipi fch chfnh dang cho minh trong quan he lao ddng, Chinh VI vdy, ngudi lao ddng thucmg thanh lap td chiic dai dien thay mat sd ddng ngudi lao ddng de bdo ve quyen vd Ipi fch cho hp vd ddy cung Id ca sd thuc tl khach quan cho
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TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 12/2016 NGHIENCUV-JRAO BOI sy ra ddi cua cac td chiic dai dien tdp the ciia
ngudi lao ddng, trSn co sd nhirng nhu cdu buc thiet ciia quan he lao ddng tap the.
Tuy nhien, theo quan diem cua ILO, ngudi lao ddng khdng chi dupe quyen thanh lap mpt td chiic dai dien ma co'the thdnh lap nhieu td chm: dai dien. Dieu 2 Cdng udfc sd 87 cua ILO quy dinh: "Nguai lao dong vd nguai su dung lao dong, khong phdn biet dic&i bdt ki hinh thirc ndo, deu khdng phdi xin phep trudc ma vdn co quyen duac to chuc vd gia nhap cdc to chuc theo su lua chon ciia minh, vdi mot dieu kien duy nhdt la phdi tudn theo dieu le cua chfnh to chuc t?ri".''' Ddy dupe xem nhu Id mdt trong nhiJng phuong tien cdi thien cac dieu kien lao ddng, bdo ddm hod binh vd cdn thilt dk tien bd vd bin vimg.'^'
Cung theo Tuydn bd ndm 1998 ciia ILO thi cac thdnh vien ciia ILO du da phe chudn hay khdng phd chudn Cdng udc deu cd nghTa vu ton trpng, thiic day va thyc hien cdc tieu chudn lao ddng co ban trong dd cd tidu chudn ndy. Viet Nam la thdnh vien ciia ILO tir ndm 1992 nen Viet Nam ciing cd nghTa vu tdn trpng, thuc day vd thyc hien Cdng udc.
Ddc biet, de cd the phe chudn Hiep dinh TPP, Viel Nam se phai ddp ling tieu chudn lao ddng co bdn nay. Cu thi, Viet Nam phai dam bao quyin cua ngudi lao ddng trong viec thanh lap va gia nhap id chuc ciia ngudi
(1). Nguyen v3n li^ng Anh: "Workers and employers, wiitiouT distinction wiialsoever. shall have the right lo establish and. subject only to the rules of the organisation concerned, lo join organisations of their own choosing without previous authorisation".
(2).Xem ihem: Tuyen b6 Philadelphia nam 1944 va Lcri nfiidiu cua Hiin phap ILO nSm 1919.
lao dpng tai co sd. Theo do, ngudi lab ddng 1dm viec trong doanh nghiep d u p e ty do thdnh lap to chiic cua ngudi lao ddng d cap doanh nghigp. Sau khi thdnh lap, td chiic do cd thd tu do lua chpn hoac gia nhap Tdng lien dodn lao dpng Viet Nam va dupe phqi boat ddng ngay hoac ddng ki vdi c a quan nha nuac vd chi dupe phep hoat ddng sao khi hodn thdnh thu tuc ddng ki. Trudng hpp id chiic do khdng gia nhgip Tdng lien dean lao ddng Viet Nam thi td chiic nay cd quyen ty chu trong viec: I) bau ra dai dien (ban chdp hanh); 2) thdng qua dieu Ie vd ndi quy ciia td chiic; 3) thu phi hpi vien vd quan If tai chfnh, tdi sdn ciia td chiic; 4) ddi thodi, thuong lupng tap the theo quy dinh ciia phap luat; 5) td chiic vd lanh dao dinh cdng Iheo quy dinh ciia phap luat. Cac td chiic ciia ngudi lao dpng tai doanh nghiep ndm ngoai he thdng Tdng lidn dodn lao ddng Viet Nam cd quyen khdng kem han cac td chiic cdng doan ca sd thudc he thdng Tdng lien doan' lao ddng Viet Nam ddi vdi cdc quyen lao ddng dupe neu d-ong Tuyen bd ndm 1998 cua ILO, ke ca viec dupe hudng quy edng dodn. Trong thdi gian khdng qud 5 ndm kl tii khi Hiep dinh TPP cd hieu lyc giita Viet Nam va Hoa K^, cdc td chiic ciia ngudi lao dpng d cdp doanh nghiep cd t h i thanh lap hodc gia nhap td chiic cua ngudi lao ddng d cap tren doanh nghiep. phu hpp vdi cac quyen lao ddng dupe neu trong Tuyen bd ciia ILO vd tuan theo cac innh ty, thii tuc do phdp ludt Viet Nam quy dinh."'
(3). Theo: Nguyen Manh Cu&ng, Bao ciio t^i Tga dam: "Cam kit vi lao dong vd cpian h^ lao dong cua Viet Nam irong TPF\ Truong Dgi hpc Luat Ha Npi, thang 5/2016.
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TAP CHI LUAT HQC s o 12/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI
Hiep dinh cung cd nhimg ndi dung nhdm bao ve ngudi lao ddng vd td chiic dai dien ciia hp khdng bi ngudi su dung lao ddng can thiep vd phan biet ddi xu nhdm vd hieu hod hoac lam suy yeu khd ndng dai dien, bdo ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao dpng.
2. Quyen ty do thanh lap to chirc dai dien cua ngiroi lao dong theo phap luat lao dong Viet Nam va s y tuong thfch vol cac cam ket trong Hiep dinh TPP
Nhan Ihiic dupe tam quan Irpng ciing nhu vai trd ciia td chuc dai dien ngudi lao ddng, ngay tir nhiing nam 1945 - khi Viet Nam mdi gianh dupe ddc lap, trong cac van ban phap luai (Sac lenh sd 29) ciing da ghi nhan quyen thanh lap va hoal dong ciia td chirc dai dien ngudi lao ddng. Nhiing nam sau dd, quyen Ihanh lap va hoat ddng ciia id chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng ludn dupe ghi nhan irong Hien phap (Hien phap nam 1992, Hien phap nam 2013) va cac van ban phap luat (Lual cdng doan nam 1957, Lual cdng doan ndm 2012; Bp luat lao ddng nam 1994, Bo luat lao ddng nam 2012). Cue van ban phap luat nay khdng chi ghi nhan quyen ihanh lap, hoat ddng ciia td chirc dai dien ngudi lao ddng ma cdn quy dinh quyen.
irach nhiem cua td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng cung nhu nhimg dam bao phap If cho hoal ddng ciia id chirc dai dien ngudi lao dpng. Tuy nhien, ve quyen ly do ihanh lap id chiic dai dien ngudi lao dpng theo phap lual Viet Nam cd ihe thay mdt sd van de sau:
Thir nhdt, ve co ban phap luat Viet Nam chi ihira nhan cdng doan la id chiic duy nhat dai dien, bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao dpng irong quan he lao ddng va cdng doan la
td chirc dai dien chfnh thiic cho ngudi lao ddng d Viel Nam. Vi vdy, quyen ty do thanh lap td chiic dai dien ciia ngudi lao dpng cung gdn lien vdi quyen ty do thanh lap va hoat ddng cua td chiic cdng doan.
Thir hai. ben canh Ihira nhan id chiic cdng dodn Id td chiic dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng, ddi liic d nhung giai doan khac nhau, cd mdt sd giai doan, phdp ludt cung thira nhan tu each cua ban dai dien cua ngudi lao ddng d cac doanh nghiep chua cd td chirc cdng doan. Cu ihe, nam 1992 (giai doan trudc khi Bd luat lao ddng dupe ban hanh), de dap ling yeu can ciia co che kinh te Ihi irudng va tinh chat mdi ciia mdi quan he lao ddng, Chfnh phu da ban hanh Nghj dinh sd 18/CP ngay 26/12/1992 v l ihoa udc lao ddng tap the. Theo Nghi djnh nay, nhimg doanh nghiep chua cd td chiic cdng doan se dupe thanh lap ban dai dien ngudi lao ddng de Iham gia thuang lupng vd ki kel ihoa udc lao ddng lap ihe. Ban dai dien nay phai cd it nhal 3 ngudi do lap the ngudi lao dpng Irong doanh nghiep bau ra va dupe ca quan lao dpng cap tinh xac nhan. Tuy nhien, Bp lual lao dpng nam 1994 lai khdng ihira nhan tu each ciia ban dai dien ngudi lao ddng ma chi ihira nhan cdng doan la Id chirc duy nhal dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng Ddi vdi nhimg doanh nghiep chua cd id chiic cong doan thi iien doan lao ddng cap tinh se ihanh lap td chiic cdng doan lam thdi tai doanh nghiep de dai dien, bao ve quyen va Ipi ich ciia ngudi lao ddng va lap the lao dpng'""' Nhu vay, td chuc cong doan 15m ihdi da dupe phap lual
(4)XenT Dieu 153 B6 lual lao dpng nam 1994.
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 12/2016 NGHIEN CVVjJRAO^£L quy dinh de thay the cho ban dai dien nguoi
lao dpng d nhiing doanh nghiep khdng cd td chiic cdng doan co sd.
Quy dinh nay ciia Bp luat lao ddng nam 1994 da dupe Ihyc hien trong thdi gian dai.
Tuy nhien, ihyc lien Ihyc hien cho thay hdu hel cac cudc dinh cdng xay ra trong Ihdi gian do khdng do ban chap hanh cdng doan lanh dao ma do nhdm ngudi lao ddng diing ra td chiic. Chinh vi vay, de ddp ling nhu cau thyc lien, Luat sira ddi, bd sung Bd ludt lao ddng ndm 2006 lai thira nhan lu each ciia ban dai dien ngudi lao ddng nhung d pham vi rat hep, dd la trong viec td churc tap the ngudi lao ddng dinh cdng ma khdng thira nhan d cac ITnh khdc cua quan he lao ddng. Cy the, Dieu 172a Luat sua ddi. bd sung Bd lual lao dpng nam 2006 quy dinh: "'Dinh cong phdi do ban chdp hdnh cong dodn cu sa hodc ban chdp hdnh cong dodn lam thai (sau day goi chung Id ban chdp hdnh cong dodn ca sd) to chirc vd lank dao. Doi vdi doanh nghiep chua cd ban chdp hdnh cdng doan ca sd thi viec to chirc vd lanh dao dinh cotxg phdi do dgi dien dirac lap the lao dpng cir vd viec cir ndy dd dieac thong bdo vdi cong dodn huyen, qudn. ihi xd. thdnh phd thuoc tinh hodc tuong duong (sau day goi chung id dgi dien tdp the lao dong)".
Den Bd luat lao ddng nam 2012 lai chi ihira nhan cdng doan la Id chiic duy nhdt dai dien va bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao ddng, khdng thira nhan tu each cua ban dai dien d bat ki Itnh vyc nao ciia quan he lao dpng (kl ca viec Id chiic ta lanh dao dinh cdng). O nhirng doanh nghiep khdng cd td chiic cdng doan CO sd ihi cdng doan cap tren tryc liep
CO sd se chiu trach nhiem thyc hien vai trd cua cdng dodn co sdt/^*
Nhu vay, cd thd thdy so vdi cac cam kfit trong Hipp dinh TPP, quyen dJ do lap hpi ciia ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam chua ddm bao dp tuong thfch. Phdp ludt Viet Nam mdi chi ihua nhdn quyin t y do thdnh lap td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng thdng qua viec thdnh lap id chiic cdng doan - td chiic duy nhat dai dien vd bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao dpng Viet Nam ma chua thiia nhan quyen cua ngudi lao dpng dupe tu do ihanh lap va gia nhap td chiic khac ngoai td chiic cdng doan thudc he Ihdng cdng doan Viet Nam. Dieu nay la chua phii hop vdi cac cam kel ve quyen ty do lap hdi trong Hiep dinh TPP cQng nhu Cdng udc sd 87 ciia ILO vd d gdc dp ndo dd thi quyen ty do lap hpi ciia ngudi lao ddng theo phap lual lao ddng Viel Nam cdn d miic ban che va bi gidi ban. Danh gia v l vdn d l nay, PGS.TS. Le Thi Hoai Thu cung cho rang, cho den nay Viet Nam van chua chdp nhan da cdng doan, vi vay ngudi lao dpng van chi cd mdt td chiic duy nhat dai dien trong ITnh vyc lao ddng, dd la cdng doan Viet Nam... va day la mdi han chi Idn trong viec dam bao quyen tu do lap hdi ciia ngudi lao ddng d nude ta, chua dap ling dieu kien ddt ra cua Cdng udc sd 87.**^'
Tuy nhien, ihyc tiln hien nay d Viet Nam cd ITnh vyc vdn tdn lai ban dai dien ciia ngudi lao dpng, dd la viec giai quyel cac (5).Xem; Khoan 3 Dieu 188 Bp lual lao dpng n3m 2012
(6).Xem: Le Thj Hoai Thu - Nguyen Cong Giao, Anh huong cua ihircmg mat tie do den nhdn quyin, Nxb.
H 6 n g B u c . H a N p i , 2 0 1 6 , tr. J56.
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TAP CHi LUAT HQC S6 12/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO BOI cudc dinh cdng. Khi cac dinh cdng xay ra,
cdc td cdng tac thudmg dupe lap ra de gidi quyet dinh cdng. Thdnh phdn td cong tdc ngodi dai dien cua ca quan nhd nude, cac cap, cdc nganh, ngudi sii dung lao dpng cdn cd dai dien cua nguai lao ddng. Diiu do cho thdy, mac dii phdp ludt khdng quy djnh nhung ban dai dien ngudi lao ddng (khdng phdi la td chiic cdng doan) d gdc dd ndo dd van dupe tdn tai. Day chfnh la ca sd thyc lien quan trpng cho viec sua ddi cac quy djnh phap ludt Viet Nam ve quyen tir do lap hdi ciia ngudi lao ddng cho phu hpp vdi cdc cam ket irong Hiep dinh TPP.
3. Mpt so kien nghi nham hoan thi^n phap lunt vc quyen ty do thanh lap td chirc dai dien ciia nguoi lao dpng phii h ^ voi cac cam ket trong Hiep dinh TPP
Nhu da phdn tfch, quyen tu do thdnh lap td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng la mdt trong nhirng tieu chudn lao ddng qudc te co ban.
Tuy nhien, neu vdi tu each la qudc gia thanh vien ciia ILO, cac qudc gia cd nghTa vu "ton trpng, thiic day va thyc hien" cac lieu chudn lao dpng CO ban ihi Hiep dinh TPP ycu cdu cac qudc gia thdnh vien phai "thdng qua va duy tri" trong ludt va irong thyc tien cdc tieu chuan lao ddng ca ban dd. Nhu vay, cd the thay, ve miic dp ycu cau thuc hien cam ket ddi vdi thdnh vien ciia Hiep dinh TPP ve lieu chudn lao ddng ca ban "cao han" so vdi ydu cdu ciia thanh vien ILO. Dieu dd ddi hdi Viet Nam phai dua cae cam ket ve quyen ty do hiep hdi vao he ihdng phap lual qudc gia ddng thdi thuc ihi mdt cdch cd hieu luc va hieu qua cac cam ket do irong tl.uc tl. Tnrdc ycu cau dd, de dam bao quyen ly do thdnh
Idp td chiic d^i di$n ngucri lao ddng theo cam kit d-ong TPP, thiet nghT phdp ludt Viet Nam can hodn thien cdc vdn de sau:
Mot la quy dinh ve quyen thdnh lap td chiic dai dien ciia ngudi lao dpng.
Truoc het cdn sira ddi, bd sung cdc quy dinh cd lien quan cua Bd ludt lao dpng vd Luat cdng doan ve quyen dugc thdnh lap td chiic dai dien cua ngucri lao d^ng d cap doanh nghiep. Theo dd, td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng d cap doanh nghiep cd the lua chpn gia nhap he thdng Tdng lien dodn lao dpng Viet Nam hodc dang ki vdi co quan cd thdm quyen de hoat ddng mdt cdch ddc lap. Td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng boat ddng mpt cdch ddc lap nay khdng thyc hien chiic ndng chfnh tri-xa hdi nhu td chiic cdng dodn thupc he thdng Tdng lien dodn lao ddng Viet Nam md chi thyc bien viec dai dien bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao ddng tai doanh nghiep. Td chiic ndy ciing se cd cac quyen "khdng kem ban" td chiic cdng doan trong viec ddi thoai, thuang lupng. td chiic lanh dao dinh cdng... cung nhu cdc hdnh ddng tap the khac.
Hai Id quy dinh ve td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng khdng thudc td chiic cdng dodn.
De id chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng khdng thudc td chiic cdng dodn dupe thanh lap va hoat ddng, phap ludt lao ddng cdn bd sung cac quy dinh nhu: quy trinh, thii tuc, dieu kien thanh lap (nhu sd ngudi lao ddng tham gia); thii tyc dang kf tai ca quan cd thdm quyen; quyen ly chii, ly quan ciia td chiic trong viec bdu ban chdp hanh, xdy dung dieu Ie, ndi quy, Ihu phf hdi vien, quan - If tdi chfnh va tai sdn; cac bien phap bdo ve
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TAP CHI LUAT HQC s o 12/2016 NGHIEN CVV-TRAO^£L khdi sy phdn biet doi xu ciia ngudi sii dung
lao ddng... Cdc quy dinh v l viec thdnh lap va hoat ddng ciia td chiic ndy ve nguyen tdc se phdi phu hop vdi Hien phap, phap luat vd ton chi, muc di'ch hoat ddng cua td chiic ndy chi la dai dien bdo ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao dpng tai noi hp Idm vi?c. Ve van de ndy, ciing cd y kien cho rang phdp luat cdn xdc dinh rd quyen cua cdng doan ddc lap trong viec dai dien, bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao ddng Irong mdi quan he vdi ngudi sir dung lao ddng. Cdng doan ddc l^p khdng thuc hien chiic nang chfnh tri-xa hdi nhu cdng doan thudc he thdng Tdng lien dodn lao ddng Viet Nam.'""
Rieng ve viec dang kf de cdng nhan viec thanh lap ciia td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng, thiet nghT nen giao cho c a quan qudn If nha nude ve lao ddng, bdi day la co quan chuyen mdn va cd trach nhiem quan If nha nude Irong ITnh vyc nay.
Ba Id quy dinh ve dai dien ddi vdi nhiing nai cd hon mdi td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng.
Khi quyen ty do thanh lap td chirc dai dien ciia ngudi lao dpng dupe ghi nhan, trong doanh nghiep cd the cd han 1 td chiic dai dien ngudi lao dpng (nhu vira cd td chiic cdng doan vira cd td chirc dai dien ngudi lao (7}.Xem, Nguyen Van Binh, "Du bao lac dpng ciia viec ihire ihi quyen tir do Ihanh lap i6 chirc d^i dien ciia nguai lao dpng den moi quan he ba ben giira nha niroc, nguoi sii dung lao dpng v^ dai dien ciia ngiroi lao dpng a niroc la hien nay", Ki y^u hpi ihao: Vipc hhih thdnh cdc td chiic cong doan trong khuon khd TPP vd cdc vdn de phdp li hen quan den diiu chinh hoat ddng cua td chuc do. Vien han lam khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, Vjen nha nude v i phdp iuai, 8/2016, tr. 9.
dpng khdng thupc td chirc cdng doan). Vay khi dd td chirc ndo se Id td chiic d^i didn chfnh thiie cho nguoi lao ddng ciia doanh nghiep d-ong mdi quan he vdi ngudi sCr dung lao ddng, d%c biet la d l ddi thoai, thuang luong, ki ket thoa udc lao dpng tap the? Day cung Id vdn d l ddi hdi phdp luat cdn quy dinh cu the. V l vdn de ndy cd the cd nhieu phuong dn khac nhau. Phuong an thii nhdl 1^
mdi td chiic dai dien cho ngudi lao dpng is ca sd tren c a sd the manh cua minh se phu trdch mdi ITnh vyc trong viec dam phan thuang lupng vdi ngudi sii dung lao dpng (nhu ITnh vyc lien luong, ITnh vyc ve an loan vp sinh lao dpng . . . ) . Viec phy Irach nay se do cdc lo chiic ty phan cdng nhau. Phuong an hai la lua chpn mdt td chiic trong sd cac td chiic dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng tai co sd tham gia ddi thoai, thuang lupng tap the vdi ngudi sur dung lao ddng... Thiet nghi, vi quyen thanh lap, gia nhap td chiic dgi dien IS quyen tu do ciia ngudi lao ddng nen td chiic dai dien ndo cd nhieu thdnh vien tham gia (chiem li le > 50 %) se la Id ehiic dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng Irong ddi thoai va thuang luong tap the vdi ngudi sii dung lao ddng. Trudng hpp cac td chirc dai dien cd sd lupng thdnh vien ngang nhau (khdng cd to chiic nao cd > 50% lao ddng tham gia) ihl eac td chiic dd se ly thuang lupng de bau ra id chiic dai dien.
Bon Id quy dinh nham bao ve id chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng trudc su can thiep, thao lung cua ngudi sir dung lao ddng.
De cac Id chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng boat ddng mpi each cd hieu qua, thilt nghT cdn sua ddi, bd sung cac quy dinh cd lidn 54
TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 12/2016 NGHIEN CW - TRAO BOI quan trong Bd luat lao ddng vd Luat cdng
doan nhdm ngdn chdn tinh trang nguin sii dung lao ddng can thiep vdo cong doan ciing nhu cdc td chiic dai dien ciia ngudi lao dpng, dam bdo cho cdc td cbiic ndy hoat dpng mdt cdch dpc lap, tranh sy can thiep, thao tung cua ngudi su dung lao ddng. Su dpc lap ciia cdc td chuc dai dipn ngudi lao dpng can phdi dupe thyc hien d hai khia canh chfnh, dd la dpc lap ve td chiic vd ddc Idp ve tai chfnh. Ddc biet, sy dpc lap trong viec xdy dyng vd thyc hien cdc boat ddng, ke hoach cdng tdc ciia td chiic dai dien can phai dupe coi Id yeu td quan trpng. Day cung la mdt trong nhiing ndi dung dupe ILO de cap trong Cdng udc sd 87 nam 1987 ve quyen lu do lien ket. Ngodi ra, ciing cdn cd nhiing quy dinh xu phat ddi vdi hanh vi ciia ngudi sii dung lao ddng can thiep, thao ding vd phan biet ddi xu vdi ngudi lao ddng vi li do cdng doan. Cd nhu vay, td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng mdi thyc sy phdt huy hel vai trd, chiic ndng cua minh.
Ndm Id ra soal, hoan thien phap luat ve quyen ciia cdc td chiic dai dien ngudi lao ddng trong cdc boat ddng ddi thoai, thuang lupng, xdy dung thoa udc lao ddng tap the cung nhu gidi quyet tranh chap lao ddng vd dinh cdng... Nhiing quy dinh ndo chua phii hpp vdi nhiing cam ket trong Hiep dinh TPP can dupe sira ddi cho pbii hop.
Cd the thdy, d gdc dp lao ddng-viec 1dm, Hiep dinh TPP duoc dy bao se khdng chi giiip Viet Nam hpi nhap sau hem ve quan he lao ddng ma con mang lai nhiing Ipi fch nhdt dinh cho ngudi lao ddng nhu diiu kien lao
ddng ciia ngudi lao d^ng se duoc cdi thien hon, quyen Ipi ciia ngudi lao dpng trong quan h? lao dpng se dupe bdo ve tdt horn, ngucri lao ddng se dupe tu do thanh lap td chiic dai dien cua minh... Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing tdc dpng tfch eye, viec hinh thdnh td chiic dai dien ngudi lao dpng ndm ngoai he thong Tdng lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam ciing dat ra thdeh thiic khdng nhd. Neu chung ta khdng cd nhung dinh hudmg tdt cung nhu nhung bien phdp tich cue thi viec hinh thdnh cac td chtic dai dien nay se gay ra nhiing tdc ddng tieu cue, tham chf cd the dan den nhO-ng bat dn trong quan he lao ddng vd ngudi chiu thiet thoi lai chfnh la ngudi lao ddng./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguyen Van Binh, "Du bdo tdc dpng cua
viec thyc thi quyen ty do thdnh lap td chiic dai dien cua ngudi lao ddng den mdi quan he ba ben giiia nhd nude, ngudi sii dyng lao ddng vd dai dien ciia ngudi lao ddng d nude ta hien nay", Ki yeu hdi thdo: Viec hinh thdnh cdc to chirc edng dodn trong khuon kho TPP va edc vdn de piidp If lien quan den dieu chinh hoat dong cua td chirc do, Vien han lam khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, Vien nhd nude vd phap ludt, 8/2016.
2. Nguyen Manh Cudng, Bao cao lai Toa dam;
"Cam ket ve lao dong vd quan he lao dang cua Viet Natn trong TPP", Truong Dai hpc Lual Ha Ndi, thdng 5/2016.
3. Le Thi Hoai Thu - Nguyen Cdng Giao, Anh huang ciia thucmg mai tir do den nhdn quyen, Nxb. Hdng Diic, Ha Ndi, 2016.
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