CO CHE, CHINH SACH VA CAC CONG CU QUAN U THU'ONG MAI
THytTRANGVAGIAIPHAPPHATTWEN HE THONG IJ3GIS^
TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO H A NOI
ThS. Dang Thi Thiiy Hong, Dgi hpc Kinh te Qudc ddn
Hdi nhgp kinh ti qudc ti dd tgo ra nhieng ca hdi vd thdeh thirc cho ngdnh logistics thdnh phd Hd Ndi. Dieu ndy cUng ddng nghia v&i viec cdc doanh nghiep logistics Thdnh phd cdn phdi ndng cao ndng luc egnh tranh di cd the tdn tgi vd phdt trien trong th&i ky m&i. Logistics duge eoi Id mpt trong nhirng ngdnh kinh te quan trpng, khdng chi dem lgi ngudn lpi to lan ddi v&i Thu dd md edn ed vai tro quan trgng trong viee ndng cao khd ndng egnh tranh cua cdc doanh nghiep. Gidi phdp phdt triin lo- gistics trin dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Ndi cdn hu&ng vdo ndng cao ndng sudt, chdt lugng, hifu qud trong phdt triin dieh vu logistics. Trong phgm vi bdi ndy, tde gid gi&i thiiu khdi quat nhitng kit qud vd hgn chi trong phdt triin logistics trin dia bdn Hd Ndi vd di xudt gidi phdp phdt trien hi thdng logistics cua Thdnh phd.
Txx khoa: Dich vu logistics; Hi thdng logistics tren dia bdn Hd Ndi; Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp.
1. Nhwng ket qua chu yeu cua he thong logistics tr&n dia ban Thanh pho Ha Noi
(1) He thong logistics tren dia bdn thanh ph6 Ha Npi nhCrag nam qua da co nhung dong g6p quan trpng frong phat trien kinh te - xa hpi va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Thu do. Vai su phdt trien nhanh ch6ng cua khoa hpc cong nghe, dac biet la cong nghe thong tin vd truyen thong, da thiic day khong ngung sir phat trien ciia lo- gistics tren dia ban Thu do, cd ve xu hucmg, ve su phoi hgp frong cac khau cua he thong ciing nhu sir tien lpi vd toe dp. Logistisc fren dia bdn Thanh pho Id ket qud cua su chuyen mon boa vd phdn cong lao dpng sdu sac trong hpi nhap, no phdt trien va ngdy cdng dong gop quan frpng vao sir phat trien ben vung cua Thu do. Logistics da vd dang dong mgt vai tro rdt quan trpng. Cung vai viec ndng cao hieu qua boat dgng. Logistics tren dia bdn Thanh pho Ha Ngi gop phdn nang cao hieu qua kinh te - xa hgi cua Thu do, chuyin doi mo hinh tang truang vd tao diiu kien thuan lpi trong san xudt, luu thong, phan ph6i hdng boa. Logistics tren dia ban Thdnh ph6 Ha Npi dong vai tro to lan trong viec giai quyit bdi todn ddu vdo va dau ra mgt each co hieu qud cho cac doanh nghiep,...
(2) Dieh vu logistics da gop ty frpng Ion trong sir tang truang GDP cua thanh ph6 Hd Npi. Cac ngdnh dich vu ciia Thii do, trong do phan lan Id dich vu logistics chiem ty trgng cao trong GDP, dac biet van tdi hang hoa Id khau
quan trpng trong day chuyen dich vu logistics fren dia ban Thdnh pho. Hien doi vai cae doanh nghiep Ha Npi, chi phi cho giao nhan kho van con chiim tai 20% gid thdnh san pham; trong khi ty le nay a cdc thanh pho lan cua nuac phat triin chi vao khodng 8 - 12%. Su hinh thanh va phat trien he thong logistics tren dia bdn Thanh pho da gop phan quan frgng vdo viec tang tong miic ban le bang h6a fren dia ban Thii do (nam 2013 tang 13,5% so vai nam 2012), tang tiirang kim ngach xudt nhap khdu cua dia phuang.
(3) Nganh logistics fren dia bdn thdnh pho Ha Ngi dang a giai doan ddu cua su phdt trien nhung buac dau ciing da hinh thanh dupe mgt dgi ngu nhdn luc logistics kha dong dao, nang dpng, tiing bu6c thich nghi vai ca che thi truang, trinh dp nang lue chuyen mon ngay dugc nang cao. Tuy khong it doanh nghiep cua Thanh pho dang ky kinh doanh vd mang ten dich vu logistics nhung so doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu logistics trgn goi th\rc su khong nhieu.
C6 rdt it cong ty co kha nang cung cap da so hoac day du tdt cd cac loai hinh dich vu logistics (cung cdp dich vu logistics frpn goi). Cac cong ty logistics thdnh pho chi cung cap dugc mpt so dich vu nhat dinh, mai chi tham gia dugc mpt so cong doan cua cd chuoi boat dgng logistics.
Ddnh gia cua cdc doanh nghiep logistics a Ha Npi ve thuc trang he thong logistics hien nay eon a miic khiem t6n va cho thdy ro dieu d6 (Biiu d6 1)
2 0 NGHIEN CLFU T H U O N G MAI S6 9 (6/2014)
CO CHE, CHINH SACH VA CAC CONG CU QUAN LI THU'ONG MAI
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Bilu d^ 1: Danh gia ciia doanh nghiep logistics ve thuc trang he thong Logistic cua Ha Npi trong giai doain hi?n nny (1^ rdt kem, 2 ^ kem, 3^ trung binh, 4^ tot, 5= rdt tdt)
Ngudn: Khdo sdt cua tde gid bdi viet (4) Ha Npi da dat dupe nhimg ket qua nhdt
dinh frong qudn ly nha nuac ve logistics. Thanh pho CO nhiing chinh saeh lien quan nham phat trien boat dpng logistics fren dia ban Thdnh ph6.
Hd Npi da co nhiing chinh sach phdt trien giao thong van tdi, thucmg mai, dich vu, cong nghe thong tin, phat trien nguon nhan lire nham ho frg phdt trien logistics fren dia ban Thdnh pho, nhu:
Nghi quyit s6 15/2012/NQ-HDl\ro ngdy 13/7/2012 cua HDND thdnh pho Hd Ngi ve Quy hoach giao thong van tai Thii do Ha Npi den nam 2030, tdm nhin din nam 2050; Quyit djnh s6 5573/QD- UBND ngay 03/12/2012 cua UBND Thanh ph6 Ha Npi Phe duyet Chuang trinh xdy dung ca so ha tdng nganh thuang mai giai doan 2012 - 2015, co tmh din 2020; Quyit dinh s6 09/2012/QD-UBND ngay 21/5/2012 ciia UBND thdnh phd Hd Npi ban hdnh Quy dinh mpt so ngi dung ve qudn ly ddu tu va xay dung doi vai cac du an ddu tu fren dia bdn thdnh ph6 Hd Npi; Quyit dinh s6 5400/QD-UBND ngdy 21 /11 /2012 ciia UBND tiidnh ph6 Hd Npi phe duy?t Ke hoach thuc hien Chucmg trinh muc tieu Quoc gia ling pho vai bien doi khi hau thanh ph6 Hd Npi giai doan 2012 - 2015...
2. Nhung han chi chu yeu trong phat trien he th6ng logistics tren dia ban thanh ph6 Ha Not
(1) Vdn cdn nhiiu bdt cap trong quy hogch, xdy dung ca sa hg tdng logistics, phdt triin doanh nghiep, thu tuc hdnh chinh phuc tgp, thiiu ngudn nhdn lire trinh dp cao di gidi quyet nhanh edc vdn de phdt sinh trong qud trinh ldm thu tuc cua cdc doanh nghiep logistics trin dia bdn thdnh phd.
Trong boi canh nen kinh te phat trien nhanh nhu hien nay, eac doanh nghiep logistics tren dia bdn thanh ph6 Hd Ngi rdt edn su ho trg vi thu die, ve chinh sach nhung vai fro nay cua cac ca quan qudn ly chua phat huy dupe hieu qud. Ha Ngi co nhieu tiim nang de phat triin thanh trung tam logistics va phat trien ngdnh logistics ddng cdp quoc te, nhung tiem luc nay vdn chua dugc phat huy. Dieu do da dat ra vdn de; lanh dao Thanh ph6 phdi gdp nit trien khai quy hoach phat triin ngdnh logistics de khang dinh vai fro Id ddu m6i giao thong khu vuc phia Bac, vai fro diem hgi tu frong hai hdnh lang kinh te vai Trung Qu6c vd vai fro diem trung chuyen fren true van tdi tieu viing song Me Kong eua Hd Npi.
NGHIEN CLFU THU'aNG MAI So 9 (6/2014) 2 1
CO CHfc CHINH SACH VA CAC CONG CU QUAN LI THU'ONG MAI
(2) Hi thdng the che viea thiiu lgi viea khdng ddng bd, Thii dd Ha Npi chua cd ca chi chinh sdch cu the trong phdt triin hogt ddng logistics.
Thue frang ndy ddn din kho khan cho doanh nghiep trong thuc hien dich vu cua minh, phai chiu su diiu tiit cua nhieu co quan quan ly co su chong cheo ve quyen han va frach nhiem. Ha Npi chua CO quy hoach, chien luge phat trien logistics, vin chua c6 quy hoach xay dung edc trung tdm logistics CO tdm co khu vuc de ket noi eac loai phuang tien van tdi cua Thii do.
(3) Ca sa hg tdng logistics hgn chi vd tinh trgng iin tde giao thdng thudng xuyin. Tinh frang un tic xay ra a cdc true giao thong lan vdo thanh phi, cac ga, ben eang, dac biet Id a he thong ducmg bp ciia thanh pho Ha Ngi nhu hien nay da ldm cham fre cae dich vu logistics ciia cac doanh nghiep. Vai tinh frang un tac giao thong thuang xuyen a cac luyen ducmg di vdo sdn bay vd trung tam thanh pho gay bdt lpi cho doanh nghiep frong nuac nhieu ban doanh nghiep nuac ngodi. Co so ha tang yeu kem vd quy hoach phat tnen thieu tdm nhin da lam cho he thong logistics phdt tri§n thieu tinh ben vimg. Theo y kien cua cdc doanh nghiep logistics, co toi 59,62% ddnh gia ket cau ha tdng giao thong van tdi 6 miic trung binh;
55,77% doi vdi phuang tien giao nhdn hang boa;
55,8% Id frang thiet b; phucmg tien tai cua khdu.
d Hd Npi, viec thieu ket noi cac phuang thiic van tdi vd cac loai phuang tien van tdi dd ldm tang su xung dot cdc loai phuang tien giao thong, gay iin tac giao thong, lam can frd su phat triin cua he thong phan phdi, luu thdng hang hda fren dia ban.
(4) Thiiu ngudn nhdn lire chuyen nghiep ve qudn ly vd kinh doanh dich vu logistics. Hien nay, nhdn luc tai cdc doanh nghiep logistics d thanh phd Ha Ndi chu yeu la do tuyin dung ddu vdo vd tu dao tao ma chua cd sir hd frp cho cdc nhan vien tham gia cdc khda hpc chuyen vi Logistics (90%
cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam deu su dung ngudn nhan luc tu tuyin dung ddu vdo, 88% tu dao tao sau khi tuyen dung). Ben canh dd, hdu hit eac doanh nghiep ciing chua nhan dugc sir hd trg nao tiJ Chinh phii frong cdc ehuong frinh hd ttg dao tao nhdm phat frien ngudn nhdn lire Logistics fren dia ban tbanh phd Hd Npi noi rieng vd ngdnh Lo- gistics ndi chung.
3. Giai phap chu yeu nham phat trien h^
thong logistics tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Npi (1) Bd sung hodn thien ca ehi vd chinh sdch cua Thdnh phd ve phdt trien ben vimg he thdng logistics
Trong giai doan 2014- 2020, viec bd sung va ddm bdo tinh dong bp cua co-che, chinh sach cua Thanh phd ve phdt tiien be thong logistics la gidi phap quan frgng de phdt trien he thdng logis- tics tren dia ban Ha Ndi. Mdt "hanh lang" bao gdm cdc quy dinh phap luat dong bp, ro rang, vdi sir quan tdm ung hp ciia Nhd nuac, chinh quyen Thanh phd trong ddu tu ca sd ha tang logistics, ddo tao nhan lire logistics... la nhung dieu kien quan frpng de thiic ddy be thdng logistics fren dia ban Ha Npi phdt frien. Ben canh dd, can ed ca che, chinh sach khuyen khich va thiet lap eac muc tieu phdt frien logistics fren dia bdn Thdnh pho, qua do ndng cao chdt lugng va gidm chi phi logistics fren dia ban.
(2) Xdy dung vd phdt triin ddng bp ca sd hg tdng logistics tren dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Ndi
Dich vu logistics cd mdi lien he mat thiet den su phat frien ha tdng giao thong van tdi, cac trung tdm logistics, kho bai, cac phuang thiic van tai.... Tuy nhien, hien nay ca sd ha tdng cua thu do Hd Npi phat frien chua theo kip vai su phat trien eiia nen kinh te vd ciing chua dap iing dugc yeu edu phdt trien ciia nganh dich vu logistics. Co sd ha tdng logistics cua Ha Npi cdn yen kem, thieu dong bd nen chi phi van tai ludn cao ban so vdi cac thdnh phd d cdc nude frong khu vuc. Do vay, viec phdt frien ca sd ha tdng logistics la mdt frong cac dieu kien tien quyet cho su phat trien cua he thong logistics fren dia ban Thanh phd.
Mdt khi thdnh phd Ha Ndi cd he thdng kho chiia, ben bai, trung tdm logistics hien dai, cd tdm co trong khu vuc, ddng thai cd san giao dich thong tin logistics cua Thanh phi, se nang cao dugc khd nang canh franh, gidm dugc thdi gian, chi phi van chuyen, gidm un tac giao thdng, mang lai hi?u qud kinh te cao cho cac nganh va cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban Thii do.
2 2 NGHIEN CLFU THU'aNG MAI So 9 (6/2014)
CO CHE, CHINH SACH VA CAC CONG CU QUAN U THU'ONG MAI
(3) Phdt triin vd ndng eao khd ndng egnh tranh ciia cdc doanh nghiep logistics trin dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Npi
Doanh nghiep logistics fren dia ban thanh phd Ha Npi hien nay cd quy md vira vd nhd, viec td chiic kinh doanh cdn manh miin va thieu tinh ehuyen nghiep, trinh do ciia doanh nghiep frong nuoc edn thdp xa so vai cac doanh nghiep nucic ngoai. Do dd, khd nang canh franh cua cdc doanh nghiep fren dia ban Thanh phd frong Imh vuc lo- gistics cdn ban chi. Cac doanh nghiep logistics fren dia ban Thanh phd thudfng khdng dap iing dupe yeu cau cua khdeh hdng vd he qua la thi phdn hi thu hep. Dd la chua ke din thuc trang canh franh thieu ldnh manh, gdy nhung tdn that cho cdc doanh nghiep trong Ngdnh. De phat trien he thdng logistics fren dia bdn Thdnh phd, cdn phdi nang cao hieu qud, tang tinh lien ket, khd nang canh tranh ciia cae doanh nghiep logistics ciia Ha Ndi, tien tai xay dung dugc cac doanh nghiep true tiep cung cap ddng bd cac san phdm dich vu logistics trong dieu kien md rgng tbi trudrng dich vu nay.
(4) Ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lire chuyin nghiep, chdt lugng cao cho ngdnh dich vu logistics trin dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Ndi
Yeu to quan frpng cbo su phat frien lau dai vd ben viing cua ngdnh dich vu logistics la ngudn tao ddng cd ky thuat, tay nghe cao va chuyen nghiep. Do vdy, edn phai cd mdt chien luge ddo tao ngudn nhdn lire cu the, cd nhiing budc di ro rdng cho ngdnh logistics fren dia ban Hd Ndi, mdt mat nhdm ddp iing nhanh nhu cau nhan lire qua ddo tao chdt lupng eao, mat khac day nhanh chuong trinh ddo tao nhdn lire logistics cua Thanh phd cd ky nang iing dung vd trien khai thuc hanh qudn tri logistics va chudi cung iing theo kip cdc nude cdng nghiep phat trien.
(5) Quy hogch vd xdy dung cdc Trung tdm logistics, ndng cao hiiu qud cua hi thdng phdn phdi luu thdng hdng hda, gdp phdn bdo
ve mdi truang
Todn edu hda va hdi nhap qudc te la mdt xu thi tdt yiu cua nin kinh te the giai. Dieu ndy ldm cbo thuong mai qudc te phdt frien keo theo logistics qudc te phat trien. Khi he thdng logistics phdt triin den cap dp cao se hinh thdnh cac Trung tam
logistics quy md Id'n, dugc ket ndi fren cae tuyen dudng vdnh dai cua Ha Ndi. Vai frd ca ban ciia cac Trung tdm logistics fren dia ban thdnh phd Hd Ndi Id giam thdi gian chu chuyin ciia hdng hda frong chudi cung ling, gidm un tie, tai nan giao thdng, gidm ehi phi logistics, ndng cao hieu qua vd nang lire canh franh cho cae doanh nghiep lo- gistics. Vi vay, de phdt trien he thdng logistics fren dia ban Thanh phd hieu qua, hien dai theo hudng ben vung, cdn sdm cd quy hoach cu the ve xay dung cac Trung tdm logistics fren dia bdn Thanh phd. Cdc trung tdm logistics nay cdn ddu tu xdy dung vai cdc frang thiet hi bien dai, ddng bd va dugc ket ndi vai cdc phuong thiic van tdi khac nhau nhu duang d td, dudng sdt, dudng sdng va dudng bang khdng...
(6) Phdt triin edc liin kit giiea hi thdng lo- gistics trin dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Npi vai hi thdng logistics cua cd nu&c, khu vuc vd trin thi giai
Xu the hdi nhap qudc te da thiic day su phat trien manh me ciia he thdng logistics nham dap ling nhimg ddi hdi ngdy cdng cao cua giao luu thucmg mai todn can. Dich vu Logistics ngay cang duge chuyen mdn hda a miic do cao. Vi vdy, phdt trien cac kenh lien ket giiia he thdng logistics fren dia ban Thu dd Hd Npi vdi he thdng logistics cd nude vd mang ludi logistics khu vuc, todn cau la mgt gidi phap ca ban dam bdo su phat trien ddng bg, ben viing he thdng logistics fren dia ban Thu dd. •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Quoc hdi nude CHXHCN Viet Nam (2013), "Luat Thu dd", NXB Van hda - Thdng tm 2. Quyit dinh sd 222/QD-TTg ngdy 22/02/2012 cua Thii tudng Chinh phu phe duyet Chien luge phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi Thu dd Hd Ndi den ndm 2030, tdm nhin din nam 2050
3. Nguyen Dinh Hien (2013), Xdy dung vd phdt trien he thdng logistics d nude ta theo hucmg ben viing, NXB Lao ddng - Xa hpi.
4. Trdn Chi Thien (2013), Mdt sd vdn di vi phdt trien ben viin^g be thong logistics a nude ta frong hdi nhap qudc te, NXB Lao dpng - Xa hpi.
5. Sd Ke hoach vd Ddu tu Ha Ngi, Sd lieu thong ke kinh te - xa bdi thdnh phd Hd Ndi 2010-2013.
NGHIEN CLFU T H U O N G MAI So 9 (6/2014) 2 3
