QLd ftdnh phdp Ludt 86 5 (230)-2011
ii
TRAO DOI V i B A l
KEO DAI T R A N H CHAP TAI SAN CUONG C H ! L A M TANG LUDNG A N TtiN DONG
ThS. OAO QUANG TRUNG 'I- Trdn Tap chf Din cbii va Phap luat sd thing
1(226) nim 2011 cd bii "Keo ddi tranh chdp tdi sdn cudng che ldm tdng luang dn ton dpng" cua tic gia Nguydn Trpng Bidn. Diy la \ii vide ma trong thye td' td chiic thi hinh in din su dang gap nhieu khd khan, da cd khdng it vu vide phaf tam ngimg thf hanh an, lam keo dai qua trinh td chifc thf hinh an cua cac co quan thf hanh an dan sy; xung quanh vin de nay da cd nhieu y kidn khic nhau.
Tdm tit bai viet da dang
Nam 2007 va 2008 ba Nguydn Thj Huong phai thanh toan no phudng cho 15 ngudi, sd tidn trdn 600 trieu ddng, theo quyd't djnh cdng nhin su thda thuin ciia eic duong sy cua Tda an nhin din huyen.
Sau khi bao gpi ty nguydn khdng cd kdi qua, qua xic minh thi hanh in cho thiy, bi Huong cd tai sin la quydn sir dung dit (hpp phip), chip hanh vidn Chi cue Thi hanh in din sy huyen da ra quydt djnh kd bidn tai sin la quydn sir dung dit ciia bi Huong.
Trong qui trinh kd bidn thi hanh in cd phat sinh tranh chip quydn su dung dit giua dng Diu Khic Tim (con trai ba Huong) vdi ba Huong, dng Diu Khic Tim iiy quyen cho ba Ld Thj Kim Soa thye hidn khdi kidn ra Tda an nhin din huyen ydu ciu giii quydt tranh chip. Tda an nhin din huyen da ra Quydt djnh sd 01/2010/QDST-DS ngay 04/01/2010 tam dinh chi giai quyet vn an din sy thy ly sd 74/2009/TLST-DS ngay 08/6/2009; Tda an da can cu vao Dieu 59 va Dieu 194 cua Bd luat Td tung dan su nam 2005 \'di ly do ngudi dupc nguydn don iiy
quyen cd don ydu ciu Tda in tam dinh chi giaf quyei vu in, Tda in se tie'p tuc giai quyd't vu an din su khi ly do ciia vide tam dinh chi khdng cdn. Tic gfi cho ring, Bd luat Td tung dan sy khdng quy djnh khi nao thi hdt thdi gian tam dinh chi va dat ra ciu hdi: "Thdi gian keo dai la bao nhidu? Vin de nay khdng cd quy djnh cu the". Cung theo tic gfi, co quan thi hanh an tu chd chu ddng (cudng cht) nay lai roi vio the bj ddng (chd Tda an tidp tuc giai quydt \ai in dan sy).
Cd hai quan diem khac nhau vd td chifc thi hanh in: , ,,
Quan diem thu nhdt, chip hanh vidn Chi cue Thi hanh an din sy huyen diing ra khdi kidn ydu ciu Tda an giii quyd't tranh chip de nhanh chdng xir ly tai sin kd bidn vi xir ly hd so theo quy djnh.
Quan diem thu hai, tham muu bio cio vdi Ban chi dao thi hanh in din sy huyen de Ban chi dao chii tri cudc hpp mod Tda an, Vidn kidm sat cting cap, cie ben duong su va cac thanh vidn lidn quan de giai quyd't dirt dfdm nhifng vin de nhu: Ly do Tda an ra quydt djnh tam dinh chi, thdi gian cu the ciia viec tam dinh chi la bao nhidu? Giao cho bdn cd uanh chip phii tidp tyc ydu ciu Tda an giii quydi, neu khdng giii quyd't dupc thi de nghj Vidn kidm sat huyen cd van ban de nghj Idn Chinh an Tda an nhan dan hoac Vidn trudng Vidn kiem sat nhan dan tinh khang nghj theo thii tuc giam ddc thim de nhanh chdng giai quydi tranh chip, lam co sd cho vide xir ly tai sin kd bidn.
Tic gia Nguydn Trpng Bidn ddng tinh vdi quan
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
* Cue Thi hanh an dan su tinh Nghe AnQhl Ltanh phdp Luat 86 5 (230)-2011
didm thif haf va dua ra nhtfng ly le phan tfch de bio vd quan dfem dd.
Y kien trao ddi
Trudc hdi, dd dua ra dupc nhung y kidn ban luan cin tim hidu tinh phap ly cua Quydt djnh tam d'mh chi giai quydt vu in dan sy sd 01/2010/QDST-DS ngay 04/01/2010 ciia Tda in nhan dan huyen.
Theo quy djnh tai Didu 189 Bd luat Td tung dan sy nam 2005, thi cd nam cin cif de tam dinh chi giai quydi vu an:
(1) Duong sy la ci nhin da chd't, co quan, td chifc da sat nhap, chfa tach, gfai the ma chua cd ci nhin, CO quan, td chuc ke thtra quydn va nghia vu td tung ciia ca nhin, ca quan, to chifc dd.
(2) Mdt bdn duong sy la ci nhin mit nang lye hanh vi dan sy mi chua xac djnh dupe ngudi dai didn theo phap luat
(3) Chim dift daf dfdn hpp phip ciia duong sy ma chua cd ngudi thay thd'.
(4) Cin dpi kd't qua gfif quydt vu an khic cd lidn quan hoac sy vfdc dupc phip luat quy djnh la phii do CO quan, td chifc khac gfif quydt trudc mdf giai quydi duoc vu an.
(5) Cac trudng hpp khac ma phap luat cd quy djnh.
Bd luit Td tung din sy nam 2005 cOng quy djnh hau qua ciia vide tam dinh chi gfif quydt vu an dan sy tai Didu 190:
(1) Tda in khdng xda tdn vu an dan sy bj tam dinh chi giii quydt trong sd thu ly ma chf ghf cbii vao sd thu ly va ngay, thing, nam ciia quydt djnh tam dfnh chf gfif quydi vu in din sy dd.
(2) Tien tam ung phf. Id phf mi duong sy da nop dupc giri tai kho bac nlia nudc va dupc xir ly khi Tda an tidp tuc giai quydt vu in din sy.
(3) Quydi djnh tam dinh chi giaf quyet vu an din sy cd the bj khing cao, khang nghj theo thu tuc phiic thim. , ; ;. . , -i,
Qua nghien cifu Quydi djnh sd 01/2010/QDST-
DS ngay 08/6/2009 ciia Tda in nhin din huyen cho thiy, cd ba can cu de thim phin quydt djnh tam dinh chi giii quydi vu an din sy, dd la:
Thu nhdt, quyen de nghj Tda an tam dinh chi giii quydt vu in (Didu 59 - Quyen, nghia vu ciia nguydn don);
Thif hai, thim quyen cua thim phan dupc phan cdng giii quydi vu an din sy cd thim quyen ra quydi djnh tam dinh chi hoac dinh chi giai quydi vu in dan sydd (khoin 1 Dieu 194).
Thuba, ngudi dupc nguydn don iiy quyen cd don ydu ciu Tda in tam dinh chi giii quydt vu an.
Nhu vay, cd thd thiy, nhifng can cu ma Tda an huyen ip dung de tam dinh chf giif quydi vu an din sy li khdng cd trong quy djnh tai Dfdu 189 Bd luit Td tung din sy nam 2005. 0 diy, theo chung tdi Tda an huyen da cd nhung sai sdt nhu sau:
Mpt la, Tda an da qua de cao "quydn din su" ciia nguydn don va coi "hanh vi" lam don ciia ngudi dupe nguydn don uy quyen la can cif cin vi du de ra quydt djnh tam dinh chi giif quydi vu an; trong khf dd Tda da "vd y" hoac "cd y" bd qua cac can cif phap ly (bit budc) da dupc quy djnh tai Dieu 189 Bp luat Td tung dan sy la co sd ciia vide quye't djnh tam dinh chi gfif quydi vu an.
Haf la, Tda an da ddng nhit, can cu (do Tda an dua ra) dd la: Ngudi dupc nguyen don iiy quyen cd don ydu ciu Tda an tam dinh chf gfif quydi vu an vdi can cif quy djnh d khoan 5, Dieu 189 (cac trudng hpp khic ma phap luat cd quy djnh). Hay ndf mpt each khac, trong trudng hpp niy, Tda an cbo rang ngudi dupc nguyen don iiy quyen cd don ydu ciu Tda an tam dinh chi giai quydi vu in dd la "cac trudng hpp khac ma phap luiit cd quy djnh" va dd cung chinh la mdt nguydn do, can cif de Tda in ra quydt djnh tam dfnh chi gfif quydi vu an.
Vfdn din va ap dung cac can cif nhu trdn ciia Tda an nhan dan huyen la chua dung quy djnh ciia phap luat va khdng cd tfnh thuyet phuc. "Cac trudng hop
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
QLd flunk phdp Ludt 86 5 (230)-2011
khac ma phap luit cd quy djnh" la nhung dfdu khoan luit quy djnh cd tfnh tiiy nghi, chi trong mdt trudng hpp nhit djnh, dupc quy djnh tai mdt van ban phap luat cu thd, quy djnh dd li cin cu la didu kidn de tam dinh chi giai quydt vu in din sy thi mdi duoc coi dd la "dieu kidn" de Tda an ap dung. Quyen cua nguydn don bay trong trudng hop niy quyen cua ngudi dupc nguydn don uy quydn cd don ydu ciu Tda in tam dinh chi giai quyd't vu in khdng phii la dieu kidn dii de Tda in ra quyd't djnh tam dinh chi giai quyd't vu an.
Nhu vay, theo chiing tdi, Quydi djnh tam dinh chf gfif quydt vu an din sy sd 01/2010/QDST-DS ngay 08/6/2009 ciia Tda in nhin din huyen la khdng cd can cu, vi pham nghidm trpng trong vide ip dung phip luit, cin phii dupc khing nghj theo thii tuc giam ddc thim.
Dieu 283 Bd luit Td tung din sy quy djnh cac can ctf dd khang nghj theo thu tuc gfam ddc thim:
Kdi luan trong ban an, quydi djnh khdng phii hpp vdf nhifng tinh tid't khach quan ciia vu an; cd vi pham nghidm trpng thii tuc td tung; cd sai lim nghidm trpng trong vide ip dung phap luit.
Nhu phin trdn da trinh bay, tic gia Nguydn Trpng Bidn da dua ra hai quan dfdm xir ly khac nhau, chiing tdi khdng ddng y vdi ci hai quan diem ndi trdn, bdi vi:
Dd'i vdi quan diem thu nhi't, "Chip hinh vidn Chi cue Thi hanh in din sy huyen dung ra khdi kidn ydu ciu Tda in giii quyd't tranh chip de nhanh chdng xu ly tai sin kd bfdn va xu ly hd so theo quy djnh"
Van dd nay Luat Tbi hanh an din sy nam 2008 vi cac van bin hudng din thi hanh luit khdng quy djnh thim quydn cua chip hanh vidn khdi kidn yeu cau Tda an giai quydt tranh chip trong trudng hap Tda in dang tam dinh chi giii quydt vu in. Vi vay, chip hanh vidn Cbi cue TTii banh in din sy huyen dung ra khdi kidn ydu ciu Tda an giii quydt tranh chip la khdng cd co sd, mac dti ydu ciu dat ra la
"nhanh chdng xir ly tai sin kd bidn" la can thie't.
Ddi vdi quan didm thu hai, "tham muu bao cao vdi Ban chf dao thf hanh in din su huyen dd Ban chi dao chu trf cudc hpp mdi Tda an, Vidn kidm sat ciing cip. cac bdn duong sy va eic thanh vidn lien quan de' giif quydt dift didm nhifng vin de: Ly do Tda an ra quyet djnh tam dinh chi, thdi gian cu thd' ciia viec tam dinh chi la bao nhidu? Giao cho ben cd tranh chip phai tidp tuc ydu ciu Tda in giai quydi, ne'u khdng giai quyd't dupc thi de nghj Vidn kidm sat huyen cd van ban de nghj ldn Chanh an Tda an nhan din hoac Vidn trudng Vidn kidm sit nhin din tinh khang nghj theo thu tuc giam ddc thim"
Hidn phip nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam da quy djnh rd chuc ning "xet xir" thudc ve Tda an, chi cd Tda an mdi dupc nhin danh Nha nudc xet xir cie loai an vd hinh sy, din sy, lao ddng, hdn nhin va gia dinh,... thim phin Tda an phai chju trach nhidm trudc phap luit vd phan quydi ciia minh, mpi ban in, quydi djnh cua Tda in deu cd the bj xem xet theo thii tuc giam ddc thim, tif tham. Ban chi dao thi hanh in din sy cie cip khdng cd thim quydn ydu cau Tda in "lim rd" ly do nao ma Tda in ra quydt djnh tam dinh chi va ydu ciu Tda tri Idi thdi gian cu thd ciia vide tam dinh chi la bao nhidu? Ban ehi dao thi hanh in din sy eic cip cung khdng co chifc nang, thim quyen vi khdng the giao cho cac bdn tranh chip phai tidp tuc yeu cau Tda an giai
q u y d t . ' ' • •' '^ '•; •"
Phip luit cua Nha nudc ta trong nhieu dao luat, bd luit, da quy djnh rit rd va cu the ve quydn ty bao vd quyen va loi fch hpp phap ciia cdng din, ci nhin, nha nudc, td chifc. Tai Didu 284 Bd luat Td tung dan sy nam 2005 quy djnh ve vide phat hidn ban an, quyd't djnh da cd hidu luc phip luit cin xet lai theo thu tuc giim ddc thim:
(1) Duong sy hoac ci nhin, ca quan, to chifc khac cd quyen phat hidn vi pham phap luat trong bin an, quydt djnh cua Toa in da cd hidu luc phap
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
Qhl kdnh phdp Ludt 86 5 (230)-2011
luat va thdng bio bing van ban cho nhifng ngudf cd quyen khang nghj quy djnh taf Dfeu 285 ciia Bd luit nay.
(2) Trong trudng hpp phat hidn cd vi pham phap luit trong ban an, quydt djnh ciia Toa an da cd hidu lye phip luit, Vidn kiem sat, Toa an phai thdng bao bing van bin cho nhung ngudi cd quyen khang nghj quy djnh tai Didu 285 ciia Bd luat nay.
De gfif quydi vin de trdn, Dfdu 285 (ngudf cd quyen khang nghj theo thu tuc giam ddc tham) Bd luit Td tung din su quy djnh:
(1) Chinh an Toa an nhin din tdi cao, Vidn trudng Vidn kiem sit nhin din tdi cao cd quydn khing nghj theo thu tuc gfam ddc thim ban in, quydi djnh da cd hfdu lye phap luit ciia Toa an cie cip, tru quydt djnh giam ddc thim ciia Hpi ddng thim phin Toa an nhin din tdi cao.
(2) Chanh an Toa an nhan din cip tinh, Vidn trudng Vidn kiem sit nhin din cip tinh cd quydn
khing nghj theo thii tyc giam ddc thim bin an.
quyet djnh da cd hidu lye phap luit ciia Toa an nhin din cip huyen.
Dd' giai quydi td't vi'n dd thuc tai ndu trdn ciia co quan thi hanh an din sy huyen, theo chiing tdi cin cd cac hudng xu ly cu thd nhu sau:
Mgt la: Co quan thi hanh an din sy huyen hudng din cac duong sy hoac ty minh chii dpng thdng bio bing van ban cho nhimg ngudi cd quyen khang nghj quy djnh tai Didu 285 ciia Bd luat Td tung din su.
Hal Id: Td chifc trao ddf vdf Vfdn kfem sat, Toa in ciing cip npi dung cua Quydi djnh sd 01/2010/QDST-DS ma co quan thf hanh an din sy cho la cd vi pham de cac co quan dd thye hidn theo quy djnh taf Dieu 285 Bd luit Td tung din sy.
Ba Id: Kjp thdi bao cao Idn co quan quan ly cip trdn (Cue Thi hanh an din sy) de phdi hpp tang cudng cbi dao xu ly theo diing quy djnh ciia phip luatQ
Mfit s6 v^n ti^ vi k6 bien ph^n
• • • (Tii'p tliei) Iran:.; 55)thil tuc tidp nhan thanh vidn mdi nay dupc thuc hidn nhu the nao?
Vide xic djnh gii trj va xir ly phin vd'n gdp ciia ngudi phai thi banh an dd cudng che tbi banh an din dd'n ting hoac giam vd'n dieu Id ciia doanh nghiep, tbi chi phf thye bfdn tbii tuc dang ky tang, giam vdn dieu Id nay ai phai chju?
4. Kien nghi . Tu nhtmg phan tfch trdn, chiing tdi cho ring, de
thye bidn vide kd bidn vd'n gdp theo quy djnh tai Dieu 92 Luit Thf hanh an din sy dat hidu qui va dung phap luit, chiing ta phai thd'ng nhit d mpt sd diem sau:
Thu nhdt, ngirdi phii tbi hinh an, bj cudng che kd bidn phin vd'n gdp theo Dieu 92 Luit Thi hanh an dan su cd tu each chii the ddc lap vdf doanh
nghidp (phap nhan) noi ngudi dd gdp vdn, trong trudng hpp nay doanh nghidp khdng pbii li ngudi phif thf hinh in.
Thu hai, trong quyd't djnh kd bidn phai la kd bfdn phin vd'n gdp ciia ngudf phii thi hanh in trong doanh nghidp, ma khdng phai la kd bien tai sin da gdp vd'n bay mpt tai sin cu the khac thupe sd hun ciia doanh nghidp, trir trudng hpp dupc doanh nghfdp ddng y.
Thijf ba, vfdc kd bidn vdn gdp dti mud'n hay khdng ctfng anh hudng dd'n boat ddng ciia doanh nghfdp, ndn co quan chifc nang cin ban banh mdt van ban budng din, quy djnh rd trinh ty thii tuc tidn hanh kd bidn, xu ly phin vdn gdp cua ngudi phai thi hinh in de han chd' tdf da thidt hai cho doanh nghidp •
