TAP GHi CONG THtffliNG
CHINH PHU DIEN Tl/ TRONG CUOC CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP 4.0
• NGUYIN THI THANH VAN
T 6 M TAT:
Ngay nay, vdi tu duy quan ly nhd nifdc trong thdi dai cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 cin cd sff chuyen ddi nhanh chdng tff md hinh hien tai sang "nhd nffde so". Nhiem vu dat ra khdng chi la xay difng chinh phu dien tff, ma chinh phu di8n tff d'y phdi cd cdng nghd tiSn tien nha't, tffc Id ddn gidn nhd't, thuan tien nha't, phd bidn nha't de ngffdi ddn dl dang tidp cdn. Trong bai vidt nay, tdc gia gidi thieu ve chinh phu dien tff, cdc Idi ich cung nhtf thach thffc khi dp dung chinh phu dien tff. Cud'i cung Id mdt sd gidi phap nham dp diang chinh phii didn tff trong cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
TiJf khoa: Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0, chinh phu dien tff, qudn Iy nhd nffde.
1. "Chinh phu di§n tu"' la gi?
Xu hffdng phdt trien chinh phu dien tff dang ngay cang phdt trien d cac cd quan cdng va cd quan quan ly hanh chinh tren toan cau. Cdng nghd thdng tin da difdc ap dung manh me bdi cac cd quan chinh pbu d cd'p qud'c gia, cd'p vung va dia phifdng tren todn tbd gidi, ddc biet la ke tff khi cudc cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dien ra. Viec dp dung CNTT (cdng nghe thdng tin) vdo dich vu cdng cua Chinh phd thffdng dtfpc gpi la "chinh phu dien tff" (e-Government). Cd rd't nhieu khai ni6m khde nhau da difdc dffa ra, tuy nhien mdt cdch khai quat chinh phu dien tff cd the du'dc dinh nghia nhff mot each de cac chinh phu sff dung cac cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng tien tie'n nhd't, dac biet la cac ffng dung internet dffa tren cdc trang giao dien dien tff (website), de cung cd'p cho ngffdi dan vd doanh nghiep khd ndng tiep can thuan tien hdn vdi cdc thdng tin va dich vu cua chinh phu nham ndng cao cha't Iffdng dich vu va mang lai nhieu ed hdi hdn cho cac ben de tham gia vao cdc quy tnnh va
cdc the che ddn chu.
De thffc hien chffc nang quan ly, dieu hanh va cung ffng dich vu cdng, trong chinh phu dien tff ton tai 4 dang giao dich chinh: Chinh phu vdi cdng ddn (G2C); Chinh phu vdi doanh nghidp (G2B); Chinh phu vdi cdc cd quan trong chinh phu (G2G); Chinh phu vdi cdng chffc, vien chffc (G2E).
Trong hoat dpng cua chinh phu dien tff, cung cd'p dich vu cdng dien tff la mdt nhiem vu chu chdt vd nd dffde van hanh theo 4 mffc dd sau ddy:
Mdc do 1: Cong thdng tin dien tff dffa ra cac thdng tin day du ve quy trinh thifc hien dich vu.
Mdc dp 2: Cdng thdng tin dien tff cho phep ngffdi sff dung tdi cdc mdu ddn, hd sd de in ra giay hoac dien vao cac mau.
Mdc do 3: cdng thdng tin dien tff eho phep ngffdi su" dung dien trffc tuye'n vao cac mdu ddn, h6 sd va gffi lai hd sd dd tdi dia chi cd trdeh nhiem thu ly hd sd.
Mdc dp 4: Ngffdi sff dung dieh vu cd the thanh toan chi phi tnfc tuye'n vd viec tra ke't qua cd the 152 So 12-Thdng 9/2018
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thffc hidn trffc tuye'n hoac gffi qua du'dng bffu dien.
Khi dich vu cdng trffc tuydn "chay"hieu qud d mffc dd 3 va mffc dp 4 tffc la ehinh phu dien tff da dat chi sd'phdt trien cao.
2. Cac l^i ich cua chinh phu di^n tuT Chinh phu dien tff trong thdi dai ky thuat so' la mdt hien tffdng toan eau va cdng chffc tren todn the gidi dang dp dung nhffng phffdng thffc mdi nhd't de tan dung CNTT nham phuc vu td't hdn cho cdng viec ciia hp.
Ung dung phd bien nha't cua chinh phu didn tff la cung cap cho cdng dan quyen truy cap thdng tin.
Chinh phu cung ca'p sd Iffdng Idn thdng tin va sd Iffdng thdng tin ngay cdng tang cao nay hien cd sdn thdng qua cdc website va cdc dia diem truy cap khac. Mpi ngffdi cQng sff dung trang web eua Chinh phu de hodn td't giao dich. Moi ngffdi nop ddn xin hd chieu vd nhieu gid'y phep khac nhau (vi du, nhidu tidu bang d Hoa Ky cho phep gia ban gid'y phdp Idi xe qua mang internet) va cdc doanh nghiep nop ddn xin ca'p bang sang che' va gia'y phdp, cung cd'p cdc bao cdo den Iffdng va cdc thdng tin cin thidt khac thdng qua website ciia cac cd quan chinh phu. Chinh phu dien tff cho phep cdng ddn cd quyen truy cap cdc website tffdng tdc 24 gid, 7 ngay mdt tuan cua cdc cd quan chinh phu quan trpng, ndi ngffdi dan d nha hp nhffng vdn cd the giao dich trffc tuydn vdi Chinh phu mdt each thuan tien, thoai mai, ndi cdc quan chffc Chinh phu thffc hien ta't ca cdc giao dich thffdng mai trffc tuye'n, ndi cho cdc doanh nghiep tim kiem cac each thffc hien cdc ydu cau theo quy dinh, cho sinh vien tim kidm sif trd giup, vd cdc cdng dan binh thffdng tim kiem thdng tin du lich... Ngdy cang nhieu ngffdi ttanh sff dung cac he thd'ng dien thoai difdng dai, phffc tap va he thdng bffu dien chdm tri bang cdch sff dung cac he thd'ng xff ly giao dich cua Chinh pbu dffde lien ket vdi he thdng tien gffi trifc tiep va cac he thd'ng giao dich thffdng mai khac.
Ngoai ra, chinh phu dien tff cdn cd the mang lai cdc quy tnnh thu tuc mdi ban hdnh cua Chinh phu, dieu ma se giup cat gidm chi phi giao dich, do dd se lam gidm chi tieu eua chinh phu. Chinh phu dien tu" cdn cung cd'p dich vu cdng trffc tuyen nen giup ngffdi dan vd doanh nghiep giam thieu thdi gian chd dpi va chi phi di lai. Khi cd chinh phu dien tff, ngffdi ddn va doanh nghiep cd the thffc hien qua
cdng thdng tin dien tff d bat cff ndi dau, ba't cff liic ndo md khdng phai chd ddi tai cac tru sd cd quan nhd nffde trong gid hanh chinh nhff trffdc kia. Dieu dd da lam gidm chi phi, ndng cao chdt Iffdng sd'ng cua ngifdi ddn va doanh nghiep. Cbi phi tie't kidm dffpc CO the difdc chuydn trd lai cho cdng dan dffdi hinh thffc giam gia trffc tuyen cho cac giao dich ciia chinh phu hoac dffpc tra lai du'di hinh thffc thu thue' thd'p hdn.
Khi cd chinh phu dien tff thi cdng ddn cd the tham gia trifc tidp vao viec ra quyet dinh cua Chinh phu. Hien tai, mdt ffng dung rdng rai cua CNTT de tham gia vdo viec nay la gffi thff didn tff (email) cho cac quan chffc chinh phu va cac ben dai dien.
Mdt linh vffc khac md ngffdi ddn cd kha nang tham gia dd la viec ddng gdp xay difng luat bao gdm cac ndi dung quy dinh cd dnh hffdng de'n td't cd cdc khia canh cua cudc sd'ng tff vd'n de thffc pham de'n phffdng tien giao thdng van chuydn va moi tru'dng.
Cdc dif thao ludt nay deu dffde phd bien cdng khai qua cdc website chinh thffc ciia Chinh phu de ngffdi ddn du'a ra binh luan va ddng gdp y kid'n.
Nhffng linh vffc ffng dung CNTT duTdc de cap bdn tren vao thdi diem hien tai deu khd dffa ra danh gia cu the, tuy nhidn cac nha khoa hpc xa hdi da bat dau thiet lap cac phffdng pbap di theo ddi tac ddng dffa tren quan didm cua tffng cd nhan, td chffc va chinh phu.
3. Cac thach thitc khi a p dung chinh phu dien t ^
Cudc each mang cdng nghiep lan thff tff 4.0 cung khid'n cac chinh phu phai dd'i mat vdi nhffng thach thffc nha't dinh.
Cac chinh phu cd the tff nhdn thd'y hp ngay cang bat life trifdc tap doan thifdng mai Idn xuydn qud'e gia. Viec dieu tiet cac boat dpng cua "nhffng ngu'di khdng id nay cua trdi da't" (vd tang thue' tff hp) cd the vifdt ra ngoai tam kiem soat cua ta't ca cdc nffde trff cdc qud'c gia Idn nhd't nhff Hoa Ky va Trung Qud'c. Dffa theo ludt mau cua cdc td chtfc qudc td', cac nffde cung dd xay difng cac dao ludt va cae quy dmh rieng cho hp. Hien nay, hau hd't cac nffde da tffng bffdc xay dffng khung phdp ludt dieu chinh cac giao dich dien tff cho rieng minh. Nhin chung, de hd trd cdc qud'c gia trong viec xdy difng luat, ddng thdi de cd tid'ng ndi chung trong cpng ddng
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TAP CHl CONt THUDNG
qudc te hifdng tdi mdt khung phdp IJ* todn cau ve giao dich didn tff. Dffa vao cac ludt mdu nay va tham khao luat ciia mdt sd qud'c gia khac, Viet Nam da xdy dffng Ludt Giao dich didn tff (nam 2005), Luat Cdng nghe thdng tin (nam 2006), Ludt Vien thong va Ludt Tan so' vd tuye'n dien (2009).
Day la nen tang quan trpng dd ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng d Vidt Nam ndi chung vd cdc dich vu cdng dien tff cua Chinh phii ndi rieng phat trien manh me.
Ngffdi ddn, hoac la cac cd nhdn hoac trong cdc cdng ddng cd chung Idi ich, se ngay cang sff dung cdng nghd de tim kie'm quyen tff chii Idn hdn, dieu nay se la sff thdch thffc dd'i vdi quyen life cua chinh phii va cdc td chffc. Vi du, cdng nghe blockchain cd the thiic day cdc each tid'p can mdi cho nganh Ngdn hang va boat ddng tdi chinh cd nhdn. Ddy la mot he thd'ng bao mdt an toan cao trffdc khd nang bi ddnh cap dff lieu. Ngay ca khi mdt phan cua he thdng Blockchain sup dd, nhffng mdy tinh vd cdc nut khde se tid'p tuc bao ve thdng tin va giff cho mang Iffdi tid'p tuc boat ddng. Hoac, mpi ngffdi cd tbd chpn giao dich vdi nhau bang cac loai tien td khdng chinh thffc nhif bitcoin thay vi bang cac ddn vi tidn te dffde thffa nhdn giao dich hdp phap do cac ngdn hang Trung ifdng dieu hanh. Bitcoin cd the difdc trao ddi trifc tie'p bang thid't bi kd't nd'i intemet ma khdng can thdng qua mdt td chffc tdi chinh trung gian nao. Khdng cd mdt ngdn hang trung ffdng nao quan ly nd va he thd'ng boat ddng dffa tren mot giao thffc mang ngang hdng tren intemet. Ne'u cac cd quan chinh phu qud chdm de dp dung cac cdng nghe mdi, hp se khdng thd tid'p tuc cung cd'p cac dich vu cdng hidu qua, ddng thdi lam ton hai de'n danh tie'ng cua Chinh phu. Nhffng ngffdi dan hieu biet vd cdng nghd se khdng ed kien nhan vdi cdc dich vu cdng chdm dffpc cai tie'n nhif thd'. Tinh trang chdm trd, qua ban trong giai quyd't hd sd, thu tuc hdnh chinh, nhd't la loai hinh dich vu cdng tnfc tuye'n edn kha phffc tap. Dieu nay cho thd'y dp tre kha Idn tff chinh sdch cho dd'n hanh dpng.
4. M$t sd' giai phap nh^m ap dung chinh phu didn td* trong cupc each mang cdng nghidp 4.0
Trffdc bet, cac Chinh phu can phai cd tam nhin td't (tam nhin xa, sdu va rdng): Nhan dinh dffpc nhffng cd hdi va nii ro phia hp se phai dd'i dau, cung nhff nhffng ddng thai hp se thffc hien dd'i vdi
thd gidi, vdi tffng qud'c gia va cho cdc boat ddng cu thd cua Chinh phu la gi. Cdc Chinh phu cung can phai thdng minh khi tien Iffdng cdc dien bidn co the xay ra, Sff ra ddi eua each mang cdng nghigp lan thff tff va sff phdt U-idn nhu' vu bdo cua nd khien lam tang them dp life Idn Chinh phu dd'i vdi viec dff dodn cac thdi cd va thdch thffc trong ttfdng lai, Chinh phii can kha'n trtfdng hoan thien cac van ban phdp luat ve giao dich dien tff, dich vu didn tff, chff ky didn tff vd cdng tac bao mat; nhanh chdng hoan thien cdc quy dinh vd didu kidn, thii tuc d^u tif, mua sam, thud dich vu, sdn ph^m CNTT; tidp tuc hoan thien cdc chinh sdch tfu ddi ve thud di khuydn khich cac nhd dau ttf phdt trien thj trtfdng CNTT tai Viet Nam.
Tidp theo, cac chinh phu can dam bao rang cac qud'c gia cua hp cd ed sd ha tang phu hdp dd hffdng Idi tff nhffng ffu viet to Idn cua sff thay ddi vl cdng nghe vd hp can phai chu trpng dd'n vide gidi quyet cdc rui ro lien quan de'n an ninh mang, xem xet ddng cd pha hoai an ninh mang xuCt phdt tff sif pham tdi hay ly do chinh tri. Cin tdp trung ph^t trien ha tang bang rdng, day manh ket nd'i sd trong cac ngdnh, ITnh vffc; md rdng cung cd^p dich vu cdng trtfc tuye'n mtfc dd 3, mffc dd 4; hodn thdnh viec xay difng vd dffa vao thff nghidm Cdng Dich vu cdng qud'c gia trdn cd sd dff lieu chung.
Hdn nffa, cdc chinh phu c^n phai tang cffdng sif bidu biet vd nhffng tac ddng tiem nang cua nhffng sff thay ddi trong tffdng lai len vai trd ciia Chinh phii, len md'i quan he giffa ngffdi dan, cac cdng ty vd cdc td chffc khac. Chinh phu can phai tff dat cdu hdi hp nen lam gi trong thdi dai ky thuat sd.
Vdi ta't cd nhffng vd'n dd da ndu d trdn thi giai phdp difa ra khdng chi ddn thu^n la may tinh, mang internet; ma la sff ddi mdi todn dien cac quan he (dac bidt la quan he giffa chinh quyen va cdng ddn), cdc ngudn life, cdc quy trinh, phffdng thifc hoat ddng va ban than npi dung cdc hoat ddng cua chinh quyen trung ffdng va dia phffdng vd ngay ca cac quan nidm vd cdc boat dpng dd.
Xu hffdng tie'n tdi chinh phff didn tff thffc sif dang thay ddi each ngffdi dan, doanh nghiep va cac td ehffc khde tffdng tac vdi Chinh phu. Ben canh nhffng thdch thffc, chinh phu dien tff mang lai m6t tiem ndng ra't Idn trong vide tim kid'm gidi phap sang tao de vffdn tdi mdt chinh phu eiia dan, do 154 So 12-Thang 9/2018
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dan va vi ddn; chinh phu didn tff hffdng tdi ndn kinh can nhieu thdi gian nffa mdi chffng minh dffde te so, xd hdi sdvd ndng cao nang life, hieu qua cua ^hinb nd mdi la mo hinh tffdng lai cua Chinh phu.
td chffc bd may Chinh phu.
5. Kd't lu^n thi chinh phu dien tff cung da cho tha'y dffpc nhffng kd't qud ban dau trong viec ddi mdi, ndng cao hidu Sff ra ddi cua Chinh phu dien tff la mdt cudc
cdch mang trong tie'n trinh phat tridn hanh chinh ^""^ hoat ddng cua cac Chinh phii, nhdm phuc vu cdng. Tuy dang trong giai doan hoan thien va cdn ngffdi dan td't hdn •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Zkiyuan Fang. (2002). E-Govemment in Digital Era: Concept, Practice, and Development. International Jour- nal of The Computer. The Internet and Management, Vol. 10, No.2.
2. https://www.ge.com/reports/fourlh-induslrial-revolution-challenges-government/
3. http://tcdcplmoj.gov.vn/qt/tinluc/Pages/xay-dung-phap-lual.aspx?lleniID=188
Ngay nhan bai: 5/8/2018
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chifa: 15/8/2018 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 25/8/2018 Thdng tin taenia:
ThS. NGUYEN THI THANH V A N
Trung tSm Ngoai ngff - Tin hpc va Thdng tin - Thtf vidn Hpc vidn Hanh chinh Qud'c gia
THE E-GOVERNMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• MA. NGUYEN THI THANH VAN
Center for Foreign Languages - Informatics a n d Information - Library Nationai A c a d e m y of Public Administration
ABSTRACT:
In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, it is necessary for the State to change from its current management concept to e-govemment concept. The goal is not only to establish the e-goverament but also to implement the most advanced technology into this e-govemment to provide simplest, most convenient and most popular access for people. This paper is to introduce the e-govemment concept, benefits and challenges when applying the e-govemment. The paper also proposes some solutions to implement the e-govemment in the context of die 4ai mdustrial revolution.
Keywords: The 4fh industrial revolution, e-govemment, state management.
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