TRU^CJNG VA CAC YEU TO BAO DAM

VAI TRO CUA PHAP LUAT VE QUAN LY MOI TRU^CJNG VA CAC YEU TO BAO DAM THlJC HIEN PHAP LUAT VE QUAN LY MOI TRU'dNG TAI VIET NAM HIEN NAY

P H A M H U N G N G O C D U N G ' * Tom tdt: Moi trUdng co vai tro quan trgng tgo ra khong gian song cho con ngUdi. Vdn de bdo ve mdi triidng luon diCgc Ddng vd Nhd niidc quan tdm; dgc biet, thong qua cdc cong cu qudn ly nhit chinh sdch, quy hogch, phdp luat, kinh te... Bdi vie't tap trung ldm ro 05 vai tro cua phdp luat ve bdo ve moi trUdng vd 04 yen td ddm bdo thiic hien phdp ludt ve qudn ly moi triidng. Bdy la nhiing ca sd quan trgng, la cdn cd ddnh gid ket qud vd trien khai cong cu phdp luat trong qudn ly moi triidng tgi Viet Nam hien nay.

Tit khoa: Bdo ve mdi triidng; phdp luat moi triidng; qudn ly moi triidng.

Abstract: Natural environment creates living spaces for human. As a result, the Communist Party and the government have always given special attention to environmental protection, using management tools like policy, planning, law, economic interventions, etc. This article discussed the 5 roles of environmental law in environmental protection and 4 factors ensuring the execution of environmental laws in Vietnam. These are important foundations for the use and evaluation of management tools in environmental management in Vietnam.

Keywords: Environmental protection; environmental law; environmental management.

Ngdy nhan bdi: 11/11/2018; Ngdy sda bdi: 10/01 / 2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 27 / 02/2019.

D a t v a n d^

Mdi trfldng cd y n g h i a dac biet q u a n trpng, la ye'u td quye't d i n h sU sinh tdn ciia toan the n h a n loai va h e sinh t h a i t r e n t r a i da't, la n e n t a n g q u a n trpng eho sU tdn tai va p h a t trien ben vflng eua mpi qud'e gia. Q u a n ly mdi trUdng vfla la n h i e m vu, vfla la t h a c h thflc ma mpi qud'e gia t r e n t h e gidi ludn dac biet q u a n t a m giai quye't, khdng p h a n biet la qudc gia da p h a t trien h a y dang p h a t trien. Xac dinh va'n de q u a n ly mdi trUdng la mpt nhiem vu trpng t a m t r o n g q u a t r i n h xay dung va p h a t trien da't nUdc; trong thdi gian qua, dae biet la giai doan tfl n a m 1986 de'n nay.

D a n g va N h a nflde t a ludn q u a n t a m t r i e n k h a i ddng bd n h i e u bien p h a p (nhu; p h a p Mat, e h i n h sach, kinh te, khoa hpc - cdng n g h e , giao d u e . ) n h i m q u a n ly mdi trUdng, t r o n g dd p h a p Mat dupe xem n h u [ Q NHAN LUG KHOA HOC XA HOI

la cdng eu hflu h i e u , ed y n g h i a q u a n t r p n g nha't t r o n g cdng tac q u a n ly radi trfldng, vdi viec h a n g loat cac v a n b a n p h a p l u a t lien q u a n de'n v a n de mdi trfldng d a dUdc N h a nfldc b a n h a n h , dien h i n h cd t h e ke den n h u L u a t Bao ve mdi trUdng, L u a t Khoang san, L u a t Tai n g u y e n nfldc, L u a t Bao ve va p h a t t r i e n rflng, L u a t D a d a n g sinh hpc... Bai vie't vdi muc t i e u l a m rd vai trd cua p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trUdng va p h a n tieh cae yeu to'bao d a m thile Men p h a p M a t vg q u a n ly mdi t r u d n g se lara can cfl de t r i e n k h a i eac quy d i n h c u a N h a nudc t r o n g q u a n ly mdi t r u d n g t a i cac dia b a n cu the.

P h a p M a t la cdng cu dac t r u n g va ed y

ThS., Cong ty Trach nhiem hQu han ^i., ^ , ,.u mai NUdng Ninh Ngoc: ' ^ ' ' ^^ '^^^«"g Email'phamhungtiendungstphn@gmail.com

SO 3-2019

PHAM H U N G NGOC DUNG nghia dae biet q u a n t r p n g t r o n g viec q u a n

ly xa hpi ndi chung, q u a n ly mdi trUdng ndi rieng. Trong va'n di q u a n ly mdi trfldng, p h a p M a t quy d i n h cac quy t a c x ^ sU c h u n g b a t bupc mpi ngUdi p h a i t u a n theo k h i t h a m gia k h a i t h a c v a s\i d u n g eac t h a n h p h a n raoi trUdng, thfle h i e n eae boat ddng cd a n h h u d n g d e n mdi trfldng;

phap Mat quy d i n h eac b i e n p h a p ehe t a i vd" h a n h ehinh, h i n h sfl, k i n h t e bupc mpi td ehfle, ca n h a n p h a i cd t h a i dp flng xii dung d i n vdi mdi trfldng, gdp p h i n q u a n ly, bao ve mdi trfldng; p h a p M a t quy d i n h cac quy chu^n, t i e u c h u i n mdi t r u d n g , l a cd sd p h a p ly de t h e o ddi, d a n h gia, q u a n ly mdi trfldng c u n g nhfl xit ly cac h a n h vi vi p h a m p h a p M a t ve mdi trfldng; p h a p Mat quy dinh cd e a u td ehfle, ehflc n a n g , nhiem v u ciia h e thd'ng eae ed q u a n q u a n ly mdi trUdng, quy d i n h q u y e n b a n , t r a c h nhiem ciia mpi td chflc, ca n h a n t r o n g xa hoi thara gia vao q u a t r i n h q u a n ly v a bao ve moi trfldng; p h a p M a t quy d i n h viec giai quyet cae va'n de t r a n h cha'p ve mdi trfldng p h a t s i n h t r o n g xa b d i . . .

Tfl nhiing p h a n tieh va M a n giai t r e n , cd the dUa r a k h a i n i e m p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng nhfl sau: P h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trUdng la h e t h o n g cac quy t i e xii sil chung do ed q u a n n h a nfldc ed t h a m quyen ban h a n h dfldi h i n h thfle v a n b a n quy pham p h a p M a t v a dfldc bao d a m thfle h i e n bang cac bien p h a p che t a i c u a N h a nUdc de (heu cMnh cac q u a n h e xa hpi p h a t s i n h trong qua t r i n h q u a n ly, k h a i t h a c , sii dung, gifl gin va bao ve cac t h a n h p h i n mdi trfldng, n h a m hUdng tdi mue tieu bao d a m quyen mpi ngfldi dUde sd'ng t r o n g mdi trfldng trong l a n h , k e t hpp c h a t che va h a i hda gifla t a n g trUdng k i n h te, bao d a m tie'n bo xa hdi va bao ve mdi trUdng.

1. Vai t r o c u a p h a p l u a t v e q u a n l y moi t r i i d n g

P h a p M a t vdi t u each la h e thd'ng cac sd 3-2919

quy p h a m dieu c h i n h h a n h vi x\i sfl e u a con ngudi ed v a i trd ra't q u a n t r p n g t r o n g viec q u a n ly mdi trUdng, t h e h i e n q u a nhflng k h i a c a n h sau:

Mgt Id, p h a p M a t q u y d i n h eae q u y t a c xu: s u c h u n g b i t b u p c eon ngUdi p h a i thfle h i e n t r o n g q u a t r i n h k h a i t h a c v a sxi d u n g cae t h a n h p h i n mdi t r f l d n g . M d i t r f l d n g vfla l a d i e u k i e n sd'ng, vfla la dd'i t u p n g c h i u sfl t a c d d n g h a n g n g a y c u a con ngfldi. Sfl t a c d d n g ciia con ngfldi da va d a n g M m eho c h a t l u p n g mdi t r u d n g n g a y c a n g s u y g i a m , g a y a n h h u d n g xa'u de'n con ngfldi v a s i n h v a t . Do dd, p h a p M a t vdi tU e a c h l a c d n g cu d i e u c b i n b h a n h vi c u a eae chii t h e t r o n g x a hdi ed t a c d u n g r a t Idn t r o n g viec d i n h h u d n g q u a t r i n h k h a i t h a c va sxi d u n g cac t h a n h p h i n mdi t r f l d n g , b a o d a m cac h a n h vi c u a con ngfldi k h d n g g a y ba't lpi de'n mdi t r U d n g , b a n che' n h f l n g t a c h a i , n g a n ngfla s u y t h o a i va d n h i i m mdi t r U d n g . C h a n g b a n , L u a t K h o a n g s a n n a m 2 0 1 0 q u y d i n h v e b a o ve radi t r U d n g t r o n g h o a t d d n g k h o a n g s a n :

(1) To chflc, ca n h a n b o a t d d n g k h o a n g s a n p h a i sxi d u n g cdng n g h e , t h i e t bi, v a t l i e u t h a n t h i e n vdi mdi t r u d n g ; t h u c h i e n cae g i a i p h a p n g a n ngfla, g i a m t h i e u t a c d d n g xa'u de'n mdi trfldng va cai t a o , p h u c hdi mdi t r u d n g t h e o q u y d i n h c u a p h a p M a t .

(2) To ehfle, ca n h a n boat ddng k h o a n g s a n p h a i thflc M e n cac giai p h a p va ebiu raoi ehi phi bao ve, eai tao, p h u e hdi mdi trfldng. Giai p h a p , chi p h i bao ve, cai tao, p h u c hdi mdi trfldng p h a i dUde xac d i n h t r o n g dfl a n d i u tfl, bao cao d a n h gia t a c dpng moi t r u d n g , b a n c a m ke't bao ve moi trfldng dupe cd q u a n q u a n ly n h a nUdc cd t h a r a q u y e n p h e duyet.

(3) TrUdc k h i tie'n h a n h k h a i t h a c k h o a n g san, td chflc, ea n h a n k h a i t h a c

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q

VAI TRO CUA PHAP LUAT VE QUAN LY MOI TRUONG...

khoang san p h a i ky quy cai tao, phuc hdi radi trfldng theo quy dinh ciia Chinh phu'^'.

Hai Id, p h a p Mat quy d i n h cae che' t a i h a n h chinh, k i n h te, h i n h sU de bude cac ea n h a n , td chflc p h a i thflc hien d l y dii cac yeu e l u eua p h a p l u a t trong viec k h a i t h a c va sxi d u n g eae t h a n h p h a n radi trUdng.

Trong thflc te, do eudc sd'ng khd k h a n hoac do chi nghi den ldi ich eua m i n h m a thdng thfldng cae chu t h e s i n s a n g bd qua cac ldi ich chung ciia xa hdi, vi p h a m cac quy dinh eua p h a p Mat ve q u a n ly radi trUdng.

C h a n g ban, t a i Hpi nghi ve cac giai p h a p khdi phuc rflng ben vflng vflng Tay Nguyen n h i m flng phd vdi bien ddi k h i h a u d i l n r a vao t h i n g 6/2016, T h u tfldng Chinh phii da tuyen bd' ddng cxia ta't ea rflng tfl nhien, nhflng sau dd t i n h t r a n g k h a i thac rflng t r a i phep, vi p h a m p h a p Mat trong q u a n ly va bao ve rflng van dien ra d nhieu ndi; tinh t r a n g xa cha't t h a i bfla bai, gay d nhiem mdi trfldng v a n xay r a tfldng dd'i phd bie'n, d a n g chu y la vu Cdng ty Formosa Ha Tinh xa cbd't t h a i t r a i phep, gay d nhiem moi trUdng n g b i e m trpng k h u vUc bien mien T r u n g dfldc p h a t Men trong t h a n g 4 va t h a n g 6/2016''",

Do dd, cae che tai ma p h a p M a t quy dinh cd vai trd q u a n trpng trong viec bao ve lpi ich ciia ehinh ca nhan, to ehfle va ldi ieh ehung, lau dai eua xa hdi. Cae che t a i dan sfl, h a n h chinh, h i n h su khdng ehi ed tac d u n g trflng phat, n g a n ngfla, giao due, cai tao chii t h e vi p h a m phap Mat mdi trfldng ma cdn cd tae d u n g r a n de, canh bao cae chu thd khac tfl giac t u a n theo cac quy dinh ciia phap M a t ve' q u a n ly mdi trfldng. Q u a dd, n g a n ngUa va b a n che eae tac ddng xa'u de'n mdi t r u d n g do eon ngudi gay r a . Hien nay, eac che tai nay dupc quy dinh tai ra't nhieu van ban p h a p Mat chuyen n g a n h k h a c n h a u , dien Mnh cd t h e ke de'n mdt sd'van b a n nhU:

- Bd l u a t Hinh sU n a m 2015.

Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Nghi d i n h so' 155/2016/ND'CP n g a y 18/11/2016 eua C M n h p h u quy d i n h ve xii phat vi pham hdnh chink trong Hnh vUc bdo ve moi trudng.

N g h i d i n h sd' 46/2016/ND-CP n g a y 26/5/2016 eua C M n h p h u quy dinh xii phat vi pham hdnh chinh trong Unh viic giao thong diidng bg vd diidng sdt.

- N g h i d i n h sd' 121/2013/ND-CP n g a y 10/10/2013 e u a C M n h p h u quy dinh xii phat vi pham hdnh chinh trong hogt dgng xdy diing; kinh doanh bdt dgng sdn; khai thdc, sdn xudt, kinh doanh vdt lieu xdy diing; qudn ly cong trinh hg, tdng ky thuat;

qudn ly phdt trien nhd vd cdng sd.

Nghi d i n h so' 139/2013/ND-CP n g a y 22/10/2013 c u a C h i n h phii quy dinh xu:

phat vi pham hdnh chinh ve khai thdc vd bdo ve cong trinh thuy ldi; de dieu; phong, chong lut, bdo.

- Nghi d i n h so' 142/2013/ND-CP n g a y 24/10/2013 c u a C b i n b phii quy dinh ve xit phat vi pham hdnh chinh trong link viic

tdi nguyen niidc vd khodng sdn.

Ba Id, p h a p M a t quy d i n h chflc nang, nMem vu, quyen b a n eua cac cd quan, td ehfle q u a n ly radi trfldng. Thilc t e da chflng minh, t a t ca cae linh vile t r o n g ddi sd'ng xa hdi deu can cd sU q u a n ly eua N h a nudc va mdi trUdng eung k h d n g p h a i l a ngoai le.

Q u a n ly mdi trUdng la m d t cdng viee ra't khd k h a n va phUc t a p do mdi trfldng cd p h a m vi rpng va ket ca'u phfle t a p , n e n viec q u a n ly, bao ve mdi trfldng ddi hdi p h a i cd be thd'ng eac ed quan, td ehflc q u a n ly thich hpp, b o a t ddng hieu qua.

P h a p M a t cd v a i trd ra't q u a n trong trong viec tao r a cd che' h o a t ddng M§u qua eho cae ed quan, td ehfle q u a n ly mdi ' " Quoc hoi na6c Cong hoa xa hoi chu ni^hT. v - ^ M khoa XII (2011), Ludt Khodng stSmlmfl"'^

Lao dong, Ha Not, tr.32, ^ ^^^^^ ^"^^

'" Bo Tai nguyen va Moi truong (20181 R - trUbng qudc gia 2018, Ha Npi. '^'^° '"^^

SO 3-2919

PHAM HUNG NGOC DUNG trfldng. Thdng qua phap luat, Nha nfldc

quy dinh chflc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han ciia cac ed quan, td chflc trong viee quan ly mdi trfldng, tao ed sd phap ly de cac ed quan, to ehfle hoan thanh td't ehfle trach, nhiem vu vi quan ly mdi trfldng.

Chang ban, Uy ban Thfldng vu Quo'c hdi da ban hanh Phap lenh Canh sat mdi trfldng ngay 23/12/2014, Phap lenh da quy dinh vi tri, chflc nang, nhiem vu, quyen ban, td chflc, cac dieu kien bao dam boat dpng, che dp, chinh sach va trach nhiem eua cd quan, td ehfle dd'i vdi Canh sat mdi trfldng'^'.

Boh la, phap Mat quy dinh cae quy chuan ky thuat mdi trfldng. Theo Luat Bao ve mdi trfldng nam 2014, quy chuan ky thuat mdi trfldng dupc hieu la "Mfle gidi ban eiia cac thdng so' va cha't Iflpng mdi trUdng xung quanh, ham Ifldng cua cac cha't gay d nhilm ed trong cha't thai, cac yeu cau ky thuat va quan ly dflpe cd quan nha nfldc cd tham quyen ban hanh dudi dang van ban bat budc ap dung de bao ve mdi trfldng"*^*. Tfl quy dinh tren CO the hieu, quy ehuin ky thuat mdi trfldng thflc chat cbinh la cae tieu chuan ky thuat, nhflng do dUdc ban hanh dUdi dang van ban phap ly nen trd thanh cac tieu ehuan phap ly va ed gia tri bat bupc ap dung. Day ehinh la edng cu phap ly quan trpng de phdng ngfla, giam thieu d nhilm mdi trUdng, la bien phap budc eac chu the phai cha'p hanh khi cd eac boat dpng tac dpng de'n mdi trUdng, la cd sd phap ly de cae ed quan nha nUde cd tham quyg'n xac dinh, xii ly va truy cflu trach nhiem do'i vdi eac hanh vi vi pham phap luat ve mdi trUdng. De'n nay, da cd ra't nhieu quy chuan ky thuat mdi trUdng dflpe ban hanh, vi du: QCVN 06:

2009/BTNMT - Quy chuan ky thuat qud'e gia ve mdt so' eha't doe hai trong khdng khi xung quanh, QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT

- Quy ehuan ky thuat qud'e gia ve tie'ng on, QCVN 62-MT: 2016/BTNMT - Quy chuan ky thuat qud'e gia ve nUdc thai chan nudi...

Ndm Id, phap Mat quy dinh viee giai quye't cae tranh cha'p ve mdi trUdng. Trong qua trinh khai thac, sii dung eac thanh phan mdi trudng, gifla cac to chflc, ca nhan ed the xay ra nhflng tranh chap vdi nhau va day chinh la tranh cha'p ve mdi trfldng. Tranh cha'p ve mdi trfldng cd the la tranh chap ve quyen, trach nhiera bao ve mdi trUdng trong khai thac, sxi dung eae thanh phin radi trUdng, tranh cha'p ve xac dinh nguyen nhan gay d nhiira, suy thoai, sU cd' radi trUdng hoac tranh chd'p ve trach nhiem xfl ly, khac phuc hau qua, boi thfldng thiet hai do d nhiem, suy thoai, sU cd' radi trudng. De giai quye't tranh cha'p ve mdi trudng, Luat Bao ve mdi trfldng nam 2014 da quy dinh:

1. Viec giai quye't tranh cha'p ve mdi trudng dfldc thflc Men theo quy dinh cua phap Mat ve giai quye't tranh cha'p dan sU ngoai hpp ddng va quy dinh cua phap Mat khac ed lien quan.

2. Tranh cha'p ve mdi trUdng tren lanh thd nUdc Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam raa mdt hoac cac ben la td ehfle, ca nhan nfldc ngoai dfldc giai quye't theo phap Mat cua nude Cdng hda xa hdi ehunghia Viet Nam, trfl trudng hdp ed quy dinh khac trong dieu udc qud'e te ma nude Cdng hda xa hdi chii nghia Viet Nam la thanh vien.

3. Thdi bieu khdi kien ve mdi trfldng dupc tinh tfl thdi diem td chflc, ca nhan hi thiet bai phat Men dflpe thiet hai do hanh

'5' Uy h a n T h a d n g vu Quoc hoi (2014), Phdp lenh Cdnh sdt moi triidng, ngay 23/12/2014, Nxh Lao dpng, Ha Npi.

'®' Quo'c hpi na6c Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam khoa XIII (2014), Ludt Bdo ve moi triidng, n a m 2014, Nxb, Lao dong, Ha Noi, tr 5.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI g ]

VAI TRO CUA PHAP LUAT VE QUAN LY MOI TRUING...

vi vi p h a m phap M a t ve radi trfldng cua td chflc, ca n h a n khac''*.

Viec quy dinh nhfl t r e n ed y nghia q u a n trpng trong viee giai quye't cac t r a n h cha'p ve radi trfldng, dac biet la ve van de a p d u n g p h a p Mat, xae dinh cd q u a n ed t h a m quyen giai quye't, thdi hieu khdi kien; la ed sd p h a p ly de cae ben t r a n h cha'p thflc M e n cac quyen va ngMa v u eua rainh de bao ve nhflng ldi ich chinh dang.

2. C a c y e u t o b a o d a m t h i i c h i e n p h a p l u a t v e q u a n l y m o i trfldfng

De cae v a n ban p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi t r u d n g dupc trien k h a i cd hieu qua vao thflc tien t h i can cac ye'u td' bao d a m de qua t r i n h n a y d i l n ra t h d n g sud't va thdng nha't. Tuy nhien, qua t r i n h trien k h a i t h u c hien p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng bi sfl a n h hfldng cua r a t nhieu yeu td', trong p h a m vi bai vie't t a p t r u n g p h a n tich, lam rd mdt so'ye'u to': ed sd p h a p M a t hoan thien; to ehflc thflc hien dong bp, nha't quan; sfl q u a n t a m va vao eudc ddng bd cua ea h e thd'ng cMnh tri va y thflc tfl giac eua con ngUdi.

Mgt Id, cd sd p h a p M a t h o a n thien.

P h a p Mat la tdng t h e cac ye'u to' tao n e n ddi sd'ng phap Mat cua xa hdi trong tflng giai doan nha't dinh, la cdng eu ed v a i trd dac biet q u a n trpng trong viec dieu c b i n b cac q u a n he xa hdi. He thd'ng v a n b a n quy phara p h a p Mat ve q u a n ly mdi trUdng h o a n thien, ddng bd va thd'ng nbd't se tao dieu kien t h u a n ldi trong viee q u a n ly mdi trUdng eua da't nflde. Thfle tien da chflng minh, viec q u a n ly mdi trfldng khd cd t h e dat dfldc ket qua nhU mong mud'n neu nhU k h d n g ed mdt be thd'ng v a n b a n quy p h a m p h a p Mat ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng dUde xay dUng mdt each thd'ng nha't, chat che tU t r e n xud'ng dUdi, tfl Hie'n p h a p den M a t va dae biet la gifla L u a t Bao ve radi trfldng vdi cac v a n b a n phap Mat khac ed lien q u a n . He thd'ng p h a p Mat hoan t h i e n va

h i e n dai la bao dara ve m a t p h a p ly cho va'n dd q u a n ly radi trUdng.

De d a p flng yeu e l u t r e n , trong q u a t r i n h xay dflng va h o a n t h i e n p h a p M a t p h a i bao d a m t u a n t h u d l y du cae n g u y e n t i e xay dflng va b a n h a n h v a n b a n quy p h a m p h a p M a t t h e o quy d i n h c u a L u a t B a n h a n h v a n b a n quy p h a m p h a p M a t n a m 2015, t r o n g dd can dac b i e t ehii t r p n g de'n t i n h cdng k h a i , d a n c h u t r o n g viee tie'p n h a n , p h a n hdi y kien, kie'n n g h i cua ca n h a n , cd q u a n , td chflc, t r a n h h i n h thflc, t h d n g tin mdt ehieu, n h i m gdp p h a n n a n g cao cha't Mdng, t i n h k h a t h i eua p h a p M a t t r o n g qua t r i n h td chflc thflc Men, a p d u n g t r e n thflc te.

Hai Id, to ehfle thfle M e n ddng bp, n h a t q u a n . P h a p M a t la m p t cdng cu q u a n t r p n g de q u a n ly xa hpi. T u y n h i e n , p h a p M a t ehi cd t h e p h a t h u y dflpe v a i t r o cua m i n h khi nd dfldc t d n t r p n g v a thflc Men t r o n g cudc sd'ng. To ehflc tbiic h i e n p h a p M a t t h u e cha't la m o t b o a t dpng cd muc dich n h i m dUa p h a p M a t di vao cupc sd'ng, ed gia tri t r o n g thfle te va trd t h a n h nhiing h a n h vi bpp p h a p ciia eae ehii t h e p h a p Mat. De d a t mue dieh t r e n t h i m p t trong nhflng yeu c i u q u a n t r p n g c u a q u a t r i n h td ehflc tbUc M e n p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trUdng la p h a i ddng bd, nha't q u a n . Dd la viec td ehfle thflc h i e n p h a p M a t ddng bd, thd'ng nha't trong p h a m vi ca nflde, tfl t r e n xudng dfldi, t r o n g ta't ca mpi n g a n h , llnb vflc, dia phfldng; n h a t q u a n t r o n g viec t u a n t h u t r i e t de Hie'n p h a p va p h a p Mat, de cao thfldng tdn phap Mat, thd'ng n h a t ve n h a n thfle va h a n h dong, to ehfle thflc hien p h a p Mat, dac biet la t d n t r o n g va thflc Men n g M e m tuc eac q u a n di^m, muc tieu cua dang, quye't t a m ehinh t r i cua

Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

"' Quoc hoi nu6c Cong hoa xa hoi chu n^hl!, v - * w khoa XIU (2014), Luat Bdo ve moi l u t . \ S^V^

Nxb. Lao dong, Ha Npi, t r . l 2 9 l l 3 0 . ^ ' " ^ ^^^^'

SO 3-2019

PHAM HUNG NGOC DUNG nha nfldc ve quan ly mdi trfldng, dd la

"Kien quyet khdng vi tang trfldng kinh te ma danh ddi radi trfldng"^^*.

Ba la, sfl quan tam va vao cupe ddng bd cua ca he thd'ng chinh tri. Thfle tien da chflng mmh, hieu lflc, hieu qua cua phap Mat trong ddi sdng xa hdi phu thupc ehu ye'u bdi ket qua thfle hien phap luat cua cac chu the phap Mat; trong dd, chii the ludn gifl vai trd dac biet quan trpng nhim td chflc thflc hien va dfla phap Mat di vao cupc sd'ng ehinh la cac cd quan, td chflc trong he thd'ng chinh tri. Dieu nay the hien d viec cae td ehfle Dang Mdn la ed quan gifl vai trd lanh dao, chi dao toan dien, de ra eae chu trfldng, dfldng Id'i trong vi§e thfle hien phap Mat; Nha nflde la cd quan quyet dinh cac bien phap bao dam thilc Men phap Mat, bao ve quyen va ldi ich bdp phap eua cd quan, to chflc va ca nhan cung nhu ap dung cac bi$n phap phdng ngfla, ngan chan va xxi ly cac banh vi vi pham phap Mat; Mat tran Td quoc va cac td chflc thanh vien la Me Ifldng to Idn trong viee phd bien, tuyen truyen, van dpng to chflc, hdi vien ciia minh va nhan dan thflc Men phap luat, ddng thdi thara gia tu va'n, phan bien, giara sat viec thflc hi§n cMnh sach, phap Mat.

Sil quan tara va vao cudc ddng bp cua ta't ca cac cP quan, td chflc trong be thd'ng chinh tri ehinh la mdt trong nhflng yeu td' then chdt bao dam thflc hien phap Mat ndi chung, phap luat ve quan ly mdi trfldng ndi rieng. Dieu nay ddi hdi, phai ludn cd sfl lanh dao, cbi dao thflc hien ddng bd, thd'ng nha't tfl tren xud'ng dfldi gin vdi edng tae thanh tra, kiem tra, ddn dd'e, giam sat thudng xuyen; phai ludn co sfl pho'i hpp tich efle, chat ehe gifla cae ca'p, cae nganh va dia phfldng; mdi cd quan, to chflc phai ludn quan tam, phat huy cao vai trd, trach nhiem trong viec tuan thu va td chflc thflc hi§n phap Mat, phai ludn coi day la nhiem

vu chung, la nhiem vu eua cd quan, td ehflc rainh, chfl khdng phai la nhiem vu rieng eua ai khac.

Bdn Id, y thflc tfl giac cua con ngfldi.

Phap Mat dupe ban banh la nhim muc dieh dieu ehinh cae quan he xa hdi phat trien theo nhflng dinh hUdng, muc tieu nha't dinh. Tuy nhien, hieu qua dieu ehinh eiia phap Mat lai phu thude vao banh vi xxi sil cu the cua con ngfldi, trong dd y thUe tu giae thUe Men phap Mat ciia con ngfldi la va'n de cd y nghia bet sfle quan trpng de bao dam cho phap Mat phat huy dflpe hieu Me, hieu qua trong xa hdi. y thflc tfl giac the hien sfl nhan thflc va thai dp eiia eon ngfldi dd'i vdi cac quy dinh cuaphap luat. y thflc tfl giae cang dUde nang cao thi tinh than tdn trpng, bao ve phap Mat va thai dp tfl giac thfle hien eac yeu elu cua phap Mat eang dUpc bao dam va ngUpc lai.

Do do, de nang eao y thflc tU giac cua con ngUdi thi ben canh viec chu trpng xay dung rapt he thd'ng phap Mat hoan ehinh, phu hpp vdi trinh dp phat trien kinh te - xa bdi, cdn phai tie'n hanh ddng bd nhieu bien phap thich hpp khac. Trong dd, cIn quan tam lUu y de'n cae bien phap cd y nghia dac biet quan trpng nhU: thUdng xuyen bdi dudng, giao due phap Mat nhim trang bi cho moi ca nhan mpt trinh do kien thflc phap ly nha't dinh de tfl dd cd y thflc dung dan ve phap Mat, tdn trpng va tfl giac chap hanh phap Mat; cdng khai, minh bach kip thdi, dly du cae quy dinh cua phap Mat de thuan ldi trong viec tim hieu va thflc hien;

xay dflng dpi ngu can bd cd day du tieu chuan ve dao dflc, pham ehd't chinh tri, trinh dp chuyen radn, nghiep vu va kie'n thflc phap Mat de bao dam cho phap Mat dUdc thflc hien mdt each dly du va cbinh

'«' Van phong Chinh phii (2016), Ket luan cua Thu tu6ng Nguyin Xuan Phiic tai Hoi nghi tnJc tuyen toan quo'c "ve tang cildng kilm soat 6 nhiem va hao v6 moi tnrdng", Thong bdo s6'268a/TB-VPCP ngay 31/8/2016.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI { Q

xac, gdp p h a n gilo due va n a n g cao y thflc p h a p Mat; day m a n h cdng tac d a u t r a n h phdng, chd'ng vi p h a m p h a p Mat, bao d a m tuyet ddi yen cau ve sfl cdng b l n g , b i n h d i n g , nha't q u a n va nghiem rainh t r o n g thflc Men va ap dung p h a p Mat, tao niera tin va t h a i dp tdn trpng, chap h a n h p h a p Mat trong xa hdi.

K e t l u a n

P h a p Mat ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng dieu ehinh cae n h d m q u a n h e xa bdi p h a t s i n h trflc tid'p hoac gian tie'p t r o n g qua t r i n h con ngfldi tie'n h a n h eae h o a t ddng tac ddng de'n mdi trfldng. N h i e m vu cua p h a p Mat ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng la n h i m giai quye't cac md'i q u a n h e gifla n h i e m vu p h a t trien kinh te' - xa hdi vdi n h i e m vu bao ve mdi trfldng; q u a n h e gifla ldi ich trfldc m l t vdi lpi ieh lau dai, can b a n ciia da't nfldc;

q u a n h e gifla viec bao ve mdi trUdng vdi tfl each la mdt tdng t h e vdi bao ve tflng t h a n h p h a n mdi trfldng; q u a n h e gifla lpi ich c h u n g ve m a t mdi trfldng cua ca cpng ddng vdi lpi ich cue bp ciia tflng td ehfle, tflng ca n h a n ; q u a n h e gifla qudc gia, k h u vUc va qud'e te've va'n de bao ve mdi trUdng.

Tren ed sd p h a n tich va lara rd vai trd ciia p h a p Mat ve radi trudng, cac yeu to d a m bao thfle hien p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly mdi trfldng, bai vie't giup ngfldi dpc hieu rd hdn ve p h a p Mat ndi e h u n g va p h a p M a t ve q u a n ly radi trUdng ndi rieng; giup cae n h a ehinh sach ed cai n h i n k h a i q u a t hdn t r o n g q u a t r i n h trien k h a i thUc Men va dieu chinh eae chinh sach lien q u a n de'n mdi trfldng p h u hdp vdi sfl bie'n ddng cua h o a n canh, dac biet trong q u a t r i n h hpi n h a p nhfl Men nay.

T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O 1. Bd Chinh tri (2004), Ve bdo ve moi triidng trong thdi ky ddy manh cong nghiep

hoa, hien dai hda ddt niidc, Nghi quyet sd 41-NQ/TW ngay 15/11/2004, H a Ndi.

2. Bd Tai n g u y e n va Mdi trfldng (2018), Bdo edo moi triidng quo'c gia 2018, H a Npi.

3. N g u y i n T r i n Dien (2016), ThUc hien phdp ludt ve bdo ve moi trUdng Idng ngM d cdc tinh dong bdng song Hdng Viet Nam, L u a n a n tie'n si L u a t , Hpc vien C h i n h tri qud'e gia Ho Chi M i n h , H a Ndi.

4. Luu Dflc H a i N g u y i n Ngpe Sinh (2001), Qudn ly moi trUdng cho sUphdt trien bin viing, Nxb. Dai hpc Quoc gia. H a Npi.

5. Nguydn L a n N g u y e n (2008), "Ra soat lai cac quy d i n h p h a p M a t ve bao ve mdi t r u d n g d Viet N a m - M d t v a n de c a n thidt cap bach", Tgp chi Khoa hgc Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Noi.

6. N g u y i n T h i Ngpe (2016), Qudn ly mdi trUdng do thi Nhdt Bdn vd khd ndng ling dung a Viet Nam, Nxb. C h i n h t r i qudc gia - Sfl t h a t . H a Npi.

7. N g u y i n V a n Phflde N g u y i n Thi V a n H a (2006), Gido trinh qudn ly chdt lUdng moi trUdng, Nxb. Xay dflng. H a Ndi

8. Qud'e hpi nflde Cdng h d a xa hpi ehii n g h i a Viet N a m k h d a XIII (2014), Ludt Bdo ve moi trudng ndm 2014, N x b . Lao ddng, H a Ndi.

9. Qud'e hdi n u d e Cpng h d a x a h p i chii n g h i a Viet N a m k h d a XII (2011), Ludt Khodng sdn ndm 2010, N x b . L a o ddng.

H a Npi.

10. N g u y i n T h i Kim T h a i Le Thi Hien T h a o (2003), Sinh thdi hgc vd bdo ve moi trudng, Nxb. Xay dflng. H a Npi.

11. U y b a n Thfldng vu Quoc hpi (2014), Phdp lenh Cdnh sdt moi trudng ngdy 23/12/2014, Nxb, Lao ddng, H a Npi.

12. V a n p h d n g Chinh phii (2016) Ket ludn cua Thu tudng Nguyin Xudn Phuc tgi Hgi nghi true tuye'n todn quo'c vi tdng cuang kiem sodt 6 nhiim vd bdo ve moi truang Thdng bao so 2 6 8 a / T B - V P r P ntr^Az

31/8/2016. ^ ^ g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H 6 |

Sd 3-2019