DAO TAO KTS
DAO TAO KIEN TRIJC TREN THE GlOl
TRtfCfC NHtJTSfG BIEN D O N G KINH TE - CONG NGHE DAU THE KY 21
VA KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
PGS.TS.KTS T r i n Van Khai Dgi hpc Tdn Dire Thing
Md hinh xuong ddo
Cuflc Dgt khiing hoang kinh t i , nhit II v l bit dfing san tren pham vt toin t h i gidi d l gly ra nhdng t i c hat nghiflm trpng cho nghi tu v l n Kiin true v l d e trudng Ktin true
Thtlu vigc Ilm, nhtlu KTS t i t nghiep ra trudng dung trudc nguy ca thit nghiflp IVIflt s i dinh phat chuyin sang nghi khic d i kiim sing, nhiiu hinh thdc hinh nghi mdi duge sing tao d l tim lit thoat. Da xuit hien nhu ciu tit djnh hinh chuyen nginh Kiin frOc d l thoit khoi vflng luin quin dang t i n tai Cle Trudng Ktin tnic phai uln minh chuyin dfli tinh hogt theo tnh ehit t i e dfl v l qui mfi d e biln dfing frong nginh xay dung not ehung
M$t khie, sy phit tnln vugt b|c trong ITnh vyc cfing nghe da dua d i n nhdng phuang tifln cfl ning lye rit cao trong thiit k l Ktin true. Stnh vifln dang hpc cflng phat thu nhin thflm d c kiin thdc c l p thilt d l chuin bl hinh nghi
Nen kmh te suy tholi va su tai thiet Igp nginh d i o tgo chuyfln mfin cflng nhu tu vin Ktin trQc da dua tdt bude ngolt trong d c h m l ehilng ta giang dgy va hinh nghi kiin trtic. Vi v i y myc tteu duge dgt ra la tim each hudng vtee d i o tao Kiin true s i t vdt thue t l hanh nghi nhim d i p dng nhu eiu xa hfit mot d e h tflt n h i t
NhO'ng bifln ddng kinh t i - xa hoi va cdng nghe, cudi thfl ky 20 d i u 21 da anh huvng icrn d i n SLP nghJIp dao tao k i l n true:
- Thi ky 20, khoa hoe edng nghg phit tnin mdt cAch vugt bie nhung bin canh nhOng giA tri tieh ei/c di giynhOng thit vong cho gidi kiin trOe.
T h i ky 19 va 20, khoa hoe v l d n g nghg phat triln mot d c h vuat bgc da dua tdt mflt luing stnh khi mdi cho gtdi KTS vdi ky vpng ring tren nin tang d e tiianh t r u tdioa hoc eflng nghfl, tuong tai cle dfl th] se tro nen xan
Ign. Cic b|c thiy ctia Chu nghTa Hifln dgt ehu truong mot khflng gtan dfl thj phit tnin ten co sd d e phuang ten miy moc hten dgt Tuy nhiln, sau nim 1970, nhdng tu tudng t i p tmng may mfic d a ho da bt cot la phi nhan tinh, duy y cht do nhdng udc vong dat tdi sy phittriln I at nhim khic phuc nhung thtlu thin sau hai cuflc t h i chiln da bo qua nhdng gia tn truyin thong v l mflt trudng ty nhiln May thay, mflt s i KTS d l chuyin hudng tdi mpt nin Kiln true - Qui hogch mang tnh nhin vln v l chan h d vdt mfii trudng thiln nhien hon. Sy d o ehung eua Chu nghTa Hifln dai frong Ktin t i i c - Quy hogch da dua viflc thiit k l mfli tudng d tdi gin nhung gia tri nhan vln v l bin vung hon Tuy nhien su phi tap trung hfia d n g da dua tdt tinh trgng tan mgn v l nging chin nhau frong qua frinh phattnin
- SI/ tic ddng eua cAc quy luit Kinh ti thi trudng vA eude tranh chip giira yiu ciu tip trung vA phi tip trung hda tmng Qui hoach Kiin true.
Vdi xu hudng Phi t|p trung hfla (Decentralization), Quy hogch dfi th|
thdi ky Hflu Hifln Ogi dogn tuygt vdi mpt sy can thilp co tinh quy mfl tdn, dogn tuyflt vdt ehu nghTa cflng ning edng nhle efl tinh quic t l , d l cao sy phit tnin ty nhtfln, nhung chinh sy phi t|p trung hfla qui mdc da d i n tdi nguy co khiing hoang - Nhi Quy hogch dung trudc vtee khflng cfln mflt k l hogch ktnh t l chic chin Ilm co sd cho do I n v l bj quy oan I I ' d y bio kflm"!
Trong Ktin trQc, su phi t i p trung hfla the hten d chfl. Kten true thdi ky Hau hten dgt da di qua xa d i n mdc khflng eon dudng tli nhat quin va tiing noi chung, chfnh su da dgng cua nd da triet tieu c i c quy lu|t kilm solt thi trudng khi van dyng mpt quan nigm t h i m my khong dya trfln ea sd dgo due v l kinh t i
- Khung hoang trong ly luan Kiin tnie Hien dgt xiy ra trin phgm vi toin thi gidi.
Ngay nay, d e khai niem ciia ehu nghTa Hifln dgi nhu. 'Nha IA cii mAy di a", Thinh p h i may bj coi ta d i y tinh thyc dyng, thiiu tinh nhan ban va khfing b i n vung Nhiiu KTS d Phip nfli ring bay gid khflng at cfln eon tuan thu may moc d c t u tudng cua Le Corbusier Chung cu tularseitte, hinh mau tdng danh mflt thdi b i y gid ehu y i u chi d i i l m noi ky mem.
Nhilu ty thuyit Kiin true sau nam 1970 d l di vao con dudng luin q u i n : Diane Ghirado d l nor 'Tai My vi toin chiu Au, nhirng eude tranh luAn vi ehu nghTa Hiu Hien Dai trong suit thgp k^ 70 chitoAn di vAo khia eanh phong each, trong nhiiu trudng hgp edn Id hin di bdi cinh thay dii cOa thdi dai "Cac chuyen gia dinh phai hudng kiin true dl v i o eie mue tieu cu t h i va thye dyng han t l ting man
- SU phit tnin bOng ni cOa cdng nghe thdng tin da anh hudng /or ci hai mit: Phuang phip thiet k l Kiln true va kha ning nhan djnh v i tinh ehit cua mfli trudng song. Sy phit triln eda nhdng eflng eu tmyin thflng, ky thuit difln toin, tao khflng gian ao da tgo kha nang to tdn trong vtflc phln tfch c l e dy I n Ktin tnie vdi sy phli hap da nginh nhu Revit architecture, BIM.
Sy phit triln cua d n g nghfl thflng t n dgc btflt I I vifln thflng lam eho vtflc chia se kiin thdc trd nen khong bien gtdi, vtee san xuit thilt bj t n hpc v l chuang trinh d i o tao ciia d e nude co nhiiu d i i m tuong dong Dilu niy da tgo dtlu ktgn d i y mgnh trao luu trao d l i giang vifln v l sinh vtfln du hpc trfln t h i gidi. NhOng nude v l n dflng cua d i e tao theo kiiu neng re, nay phat xem lgt d c h Ilm eiia minh
- Yiu ciu cOa viie bAo vg moi trudng sinh thai vA phAt triin bin vOrtg trd nin mdt vin di ndng bdng vA thai su. CAc quan d i l m co bin v i mfli trudng d cQng thay d l i theo. Vdt vifle noi mang thflng tin, ngiy nay ngudi ta i l m viflc tgi nhi nhiiu hon. Mfli trudng d trd nfln da ehdc ning. Nhim n l cufle khiing hoang ning lugng d t h i bCing n l b i t cd IQc nio vl ly do kmh t i hay d c xu hudng eye doan vfl chinh trj. y i u c i u thilt k l tilt kiflm ning lupng, tgn dyng d o t l i nguyin thten nhiln d t h i t l i sinh v l bao vg d e tai nguyen han ehi, trd thinh
muc tieu hang d i u trong t i c phim cua cle KTS n i l t i n g nhu N.Foster, R.Rogers, Ken Yeang. .
- Sy(oar7eio/;da:Dang mang d i n nhdng thay d l i ve ban ehit trong nghien edu va sy d l i mdi khflng ngung cua cfing nghfl d i o tgo trong kiln trQc - quy hogch Nhilu thinh phi phat tnin vl ehdc ning trung t i m giao tiip ehd khflng phai I I eo sd san xuit vgt chit cy t h i Cle dfi thj tdn nhu Sydney Hong kong, Bangkok, Singapore dang tranh gilnh vai fro eua mflt trung tam giao t i p eua khu vye v l t h i gidi VI v|y, vi|e tfnh toin thinh phin din eu theo s6 lugng cflng nhin, d i n eu,. d i x l e dmh qui mfl dfl thi khflng con phQ hop. Yeu c i u v l bao vfl mfli trudng v l phat triin bin vung bao him dflng thdi d y nghTa v | t ehit v l xa hfli G i l tri thdi dgi se tgo nen nhung phim chit bin vdng cho nginh d i o tgo Ktin true va ta mflt tuang tat diy y nghTa.
- NhOng suloi thai eua cac hge thuyit cung phuong phAp dio tgo Kien tnie the ky 20. Trudng phli Beaux Arts (trudng Nghfl thu|t Tgo hinh, Paris) vdt phuang phip kinh difln rit hin ilm duge thua nh|n I I nin tang ciia hiu hit d e trudng phli d i e tgo Klin trtic tren t h i gidi.
Khflng t h i phu nhgn gta tn eao c l cua phuang phip ding kinh n l niy d dfi, mflt so ly thuyit gta da dua trfln kiln thdc chung v i t h i m my, v l n hfla ciia nhdng mfin khac d i xay dyng nfln tang eiia d i e tgo Kiln trQc - Quy
•n cdng nghi. giiip hi^n thirc hoa y tuang
K9 SU" -^^^^11^ KlfNTRlic
KfrcAuy T \^^^ J
Tranh tu 1684 cha thdy Vitruvius ddng tdc phdm giira cdc DeArchileclura ten hoang di La Md (bdn vi BIM)
hogch nhu nhdng mfin hpc hin Ilm Thue ra, phuang phip cua Beaux Arts cfl CO sd td thdi Vign Kiin trQc Hoing gta Phip do Colbert md dudi trilu vua Louts XIV, liic dfl t l nflng cit cua Chu nghTa Kinh diln Phap, ehii truong mflt nin nghfl thuflt chfnh thing cue ky han tim Nhung hoin d n h x l hfli ngiy nay da khflng nhu xua
Hit dfi, theo Beaux Arts Nhiflm vy chu yeu cua cic d l an la t l hgp khflng gtan v l phln khu chde ning, phln luing giao thflng. Vai trfl thiy hudng d i n d dly gin nhu dflc tfin, sinh vtfln hge theo xudng (atelier hay studio) do tung Thiy chu tri Thiy duoc coi nhu btit t i t d , d n smh vien nhu td giiy tring, thiy bao gi cQng t i p thu h i t m l fing thiy diu cfi t h i trinh nhdng hgn ehi, thtlu c|p nh|t thyc t l , v l do I n trong trudng trd nfln xa rdi nhdng thye t i biin chuyin cua x l hfli Phli thflng d m , tOc do khflng cfl internet d i smh vifln tilp thu nguin thflng tin da dgng. .
D l gilm bdt hgn chi niy, mfit s i trudng da ehuyin tit ehi dd xudng cua thiy ci dinh, sinh viin thi luan chuyin sang chi do sinh viin ed xudng d t^nh, cdn thay thi luAn ehuyin Ding tile cfi trudng tai ilm nguge Igi Cic n l Iyc hudng tdt vtee sinh vten tiep thu nhiiu ngufln thflng tin thye t l hgn, Cle thu vifln difln tu v l hoa thit difln tu ra ddt va phit tnin
Sadd llin h$ nganh qua hd sa
Ciing cd v l phat t r i l n cao han mot sd quan d i l m kinh d i l n trong d i o tao k i l n true d l dap ung yeu c l u k h i c nghiet eiia khiing hoang k i n h t l .
D i xay dyng mpt nin tang vung chle, bao t i n duge nhdng gtl tri cua ktin tnie, d i p dng d e chuin mdi, ehung ta phai tim duge cot tfli ciia nginh hpc niy, tuan theo nhung nguyen t i c thIch hop v l sip xip lgt phin trpng t i m d i cit sao ehiing hoi hgp vdi nhiflm vy xiy dyng mflt mfit trudng efl yeu c i u khat khe hon trong cuflc dat khiing hoang kmh t l v l bit dflng san
- Dio tao ktin trtic - qui hogch phAi gin liin yeu eiu hanh nghi, nen liy cAc vin di thi/e ti kinh ti - xa hgi lam ea sd:
D i o tao Ktin true - Qui hogch phai gin liln vdi y i u c i u hanh nghi.
Quan diim cu cho ring trong nha trudng ein tan dyng quy thdi gtan ft oi chi d i thuc hifln d e hoat dfing co tinh hin lam, dinh vile tiip thu eic vin d i CO tinh thye tiln d giai dogn hinh nghi sau kht t i t nghiep. Ngiy nay, d e doanh nghiep tu v i n ngay cing thyc dyng v l muon "an san"
Yeu clu cua hp thgt chinh dang khi chi thich tuyin nhdng ngudi d tbi tam thyc t i ngay ma khflng phi pham thi gid va t i n bac vao viflc dio tao lai, k i ea ky nang giao tiip trong nhdng ffnh vyc nhin van - x l hfit
6f day Chii nghTa Nhin v l n v l n la coi nguon eiia cfing t i e xay dung not chung, mang tinh tri tug eOng nhung gtl tri thyc t i n quan trpng v i n tao nfln nin tang va eung II san phim ctia eufie song con ngudt. Theo GS A J, Plattus (Dgt hoc Yale, Hoa ky):" . Khia eanh xa hdi trong kiin true duge tao dt/ng nen tCr si/ liin he mgnh me vA ludn thay doi cOa cac cong trinh kiin trOc trong khdng gian va thdi gian, eua ea nhan vi nhdm ea nhin trong mdl trudng chinh tn xS hdi ". Vi vay Kiin true phai 11 mflt nginh hoc mang tinh chuyen nghiep eao, lay ly thuyit Ilm nin tang v l dya v i o thue t i n dfl phit triln.
- Dio tgo Klin tnie - Qut hoach, mgt nginh mang tinh ting hgp cao nhung ding thdi phAi bao gom nhDng chuyen mdn siu. Khflng at phu nhan ring cin phai phot hgp rit nhilu nganh chuyfln mfln trong mot dd an ktin true nhit I I trong quy hoach. Nhung sy van dung dflng that d e chuyen nginh niy se d i n tdi nhdng biin dflng gi trong dao t a o '
- St/ xoA nhoa ranh gidi giira cAc chuyen nginh vA mdn hge: Trong thye t l , su giao thoa gida d e nginh chuyfln mfln d l de ra nhdng nginh mdi chua duge bilt rfl. VI dy nli b i t trong ITnh vyc kinh t l II viec Kmh ti hge v l Tim 1^ hoc giao thoa thinh mfln mdt la Wnft ti &ng xu- (Behavoriai Economies) Vile phflt hop gida d o ITnh vye chuyen mfln khac nhau trong d l I n Ktin tnie - Qui hogch din trd nen p h i biin khiln ranh gidi phln chia gida ehiing ngay d n g trd nen md nhat. Nhung nginh hoc mang tinh bao quit nhu "Quan /j? di3 thi" Iln ngfli,
- Si/phin chia ra cic chuyin mdn sau va xuit hign cac nginh ehuyin mdn mdf Sy bQng phit cua cle nganh ehuyfln s i u da phi vd tu tudng tgp trung truyin thfing Nguge Igi vdi hifln tugng xfla nhoa noi tren, kha nang phln btet ranh gidt d c ITnh vyc bing vifle xac dmh duge "Ngudng Threshold" lat la ky nang m l sinh vten cin phli cfl.
Do cle du I n ngiy cing phdetgp, qui mfl tdn hon, mot sfi d c ktin thdc nbu Quan ty dy I n trd nin d i t hang Mau thuin gida dao tao tflng hap v l dio tgo chuyen nginh sly trd nen gay g i t
Ta d n g nhii nhet v i o chuong trinh hoe t i t ca nhdng gi ma ehiing ta eho ring hay nhit, quy nhit thi cing thiy v l n d i trd nfln rflng Idn hon v l cfl qui nhilu dilu phai day Vdi d c h n i y ehung ta se ching dgt duge gi trd phi ta xem Igi nhdng ehdc nang co ban cua nganh nghi.
- Sao tgo kien tnic - qui hoach khdng thi xa ra ky nang thuc hanh Tic gta Morgan vao nam 1995 da nhle lat Idi Vitruvius nha iy tuin kiln trQc thdi La Ma da tdng khuyen bao hoang d i ring' "KTS phat duoe trang bi diy dO kiin thOc trong cic linh vuc khAc nhau va nhOng kiSn thirc nay ehlnh la dua eon cOa ly thuyit vi thi/e hinh". Nhung su xa rdi gida ly thuyit v l thyc hinh eo t d bao gid? Susan Savage (Dgi hpc Queensland) cho bilt 'Khi nhOng ngudi tho xiy thdi Phue hung thoit minh khdt edng viie chin tay ning nhgc. hg din d vAo chf dao ngudt khAc vA danh duoe danh tting cOng nhu dja vj xi hdi Chinh hg li nhung ngudi diu tiin dao hd ngan each giCra suy nghT vi thi/c hiin vi trong suit tie 25 din 50 nam vira qua, ngiy nay cii hi dd di idn din din mdt tl ig ding bio dgng".
KTS la nhung ngudi duae ehpn loc qua tuyin smh nang khieu d l cd nang Iyc tu duy cting mfit luc d hat that cue rit dfli lap nhau, dfl 11 trdu tuang va eu t h i Cfing viee nhu v i y xem ra eon kho han lam mflt diln viln dong ea hai vat thten - ac trong ciing mfit phim truyen
Vay thi phai Ilm sao"?
v i n d l la d n bing nhu t h i nio gtua hai finh vuc ly thuyit v l thyc hanh trong dao tao.
Nhung thay dSi c l p t h i i t nen c6 trong phuvrng phap v l chuvng trinh dao tao cila cac t r u i n g k i l n true nu'dc ta.
Giii quyit vin di can bang nhu thi nao giira /jJ thuyit va thue hinh trong dao tao
c i n nhie lai Trong cufln "Su khijng hoang eiia thdi ky phuc Hung d Italia" Hans Baron v i o nam 1995 d l nfli v l su can bing trong sy hfli sinh cua nhung gta tri c l diin cCia khoa hpc nhin van tai Florence 1400 m l theo GS, A J, Plattus mieu ta lat "Sd IA su hoi hap giua nhu-ng hinh ddng thiet yiu va su phAn Anh mang tinh tnit hge cOa khoa hoc nhin vin, nht/ mdt each vuat qua tinh trang dao ddng miu thuin giua coi trong ly thuyit thii qui va coi nhg (thgm chi phan ddi) d i o tao k j nang thye t i va trong thyc hanh cfl tinh chuyen nghiep"
Thuc hinh trong Qui hoach khflng t h i chi hilu v l khia canh vgt chit thuin tiiy nhu vige phIc thIo, ve, sip x i p nhi d trong mflt khu nha d m l eon thyc hinh mang tinh tu duy eao trong vifle suy doin nhdng su e l cfi t h i xay ra tren nhtiu ITnh vuc nhu d c kho khan tat chinh, phan dng eiia eu dan v l din bu gilt toa, sy thay dflt phdc tgp v l hinh thdc ehilm dung d i t dat va nhi dan tgi chfl trong ban quy hogch, nhung kiln thue nay cfi lien quan mat thiit d i n d c h trinh ne hiu qua cufic khiing hoang dia i c
Chung ta phli xem x l t t d mot khia cgnh nhung thuin Igi v l bit d p eiia ly thuyit v l thye tiln, td dfl t m ra chuong trinh dao tao hgp ly va diy dii nhit vdt thye hinh 11 trpng t i m cua chiln luoc, Vi viy cQng ein nhie Igi' nam 1966 Beyer v l Mitgang da dua ra phuong chim:
"Hoe di thue hanh - Hge tCr thi/c hinh - Hoc trong khi thuc hinh."
Cac trudng d Viet Nam ta cin nhin thiy Sy d n bing gida ly thuyit v l thye hanh trong chuang trinh d i e tgo d day cfi khia eanh phang phit gilng nhu d mfit vat nginh nhU" Y khoa. My thuat, Am nhae, VQ dao . Chfl khic la d e nganh niy v l n efl chfi eho nhdng ngudi iy lugn phe binh thuin tQy ma khfing ein phat efl kha nang thyc hinh bing tay.
Cae KTS Vi dai cua Chu nghTa Hten dat nhu Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyld W/rtght da khflng cin qua trudng kiln trOc day ly thuyit m l v l n trd thinh b|c t h i y Nhung miy ai duge thyc hinh vdi Peret nhu Le Corbusier hay vua hoc vda lam vdi Sullivan nhu Wright ">
W vay edng vige tht/e hanh tai hoa thit vin li bin ehit eOa hogt ddng dao tao kiin trOc vi can duge coi trong eOng vdi su cii tiin ning eao.
Mat khic, nhdng KTS chi cham cham vao tdng eflng vtee thye t l m l cot nhg ly luan cOng mat ehi II d t anh Ida vut sing rit t i t ngQm, mfl m i m trong
bflng t l i khi khflng efl Inh sing d i n dudng t i p tue tong khung d n h mdt.
V|y thi phat Ilm sao'' Mgi ngufln lye deu efl han, chiing ta phat chon hudng dl th|t ein frpng. Quylt djnh hop ly tam thdi d le la: Vua dao tao ehuyfln gta chuyen mfin rflng (Quin ly dd thj) vda die tgo chuyen gta chuyen mon siu (Qui hogch, kiin tnic) Vin d i la dao tgo g b|e nao (dai hoe, sau dai hge) v l dit tugng tuyin II at?
Ting cudng dgy cAc phan mim thi hiin vi phuong phip quAn l)f xiy dt/ng. H i so bin ve Ktin tnic - Xiy dyng trong nhilu nam t h i hten bing Cad v i n y i u v i ttnh dong bfi, an khdp. Nay mflt so trudng Viflt Nam ehi mdi khuyin khIch smh vien tu hoc RewMrch/tec/ure Trong \&i\ do BIM (BuiMng Information Modelling) da duge day d nude ngoai (Watson. 2010). BiM tao lip thflng t n theo cich thuin tien cho vile khai thac sau nay Co ehi eua BiM tl: Cle hinh chilu phln Inh hinh anh ciia 3D tu mflt goe nhin, nen se b| ring bufle bdt mfl hinh 3D. Nhu vgy thflng t n td BIM efl gtl tri I p dung trong toin bfl d c nginh efl lifln quan trong d l I n .
Tdng si gid thi/c hinh trin cic bii tip vi di in.
+ Cfl d l I n ehuyfln nginh sau nhung v l n d d c do an mang tnh ting hgp cao.
-•- Cfl d l I n c l nhin, cfl dfl I n Ilm t i p t h i d i tgp phflt hop gtua d e d nhin v i d e nginh. Chinh vtflc nim vdng nghflthufltdiiu phit t l mflt trong nhdng ban tTnh ciia nhi thiet k l . Ngiy nay t l thdi dat ciia Ilm vtflc nhflm.
Trudng Poly - Call (My) cho smh vten ba nginh Ktin tnic - My thugt - Kit c i u Ilm chung mflt dfl I n B l cye tgo hinh
+ Cfl t h i I p dyng d c hinh thdc trfl chot gtl djnh (simulation game), trong dfi m l i ngudt gtd mflt vat trfl x l hfli tham gia vao qui trinh phit tnin dfl th|, d l Ilm Ifl rfi quy lugt eua thuc t l .
- Ting eudng ehit luong ly thuyit nhung giim si gid giAng tren Idp.
Trong ly thuyit Qui hogch c i n ting cudng d c kiln thue v i Kmh t l - X a hflt hoc Dfl thj, d c hinh thdc ehilm dyng d i t dai v l nha d, nhung ktin thdc v l Phip ehi vdt nh|n thdc v l nhung mlu thuan xa hfit
Tgo diiu kifln v l ting cudng ning Iyc ty nghien cuu eiia sinh vifln dfl gilm gid Iln Idp mflt s i mfln m l nguyin ly d l tuong dot I n d]nh v l rfl ring, cfl t i l liflu bing d c h :
+ c i p tic d i u tu cho vtflc bifln sogn v l djch thuit cle gilo trinh, nhit II cle gilo trinh d c mfin ehlnh, bien sogn sIch v l gilo trinh dien tu (e-book).
Nhilu trudng d l Ilm vtflc nay
+ Ting cudng I p dyng eflng nghe thfing tin nhim ning cip kha ning eho stnh viln hpc t i p v l xu ly trong d e v l n d l ciia kifln tnie - Qui hoach mang tinh da nginh v l ting hop
+ Die tgo theo tin chi d l smh vtfln cfi t h i vua hge vda tham gta d c dy I n thyc t i d l i hoi
- Thi/e hiin eie di in tiip cin vdi diiu kign hinh nghi hay cae di tia liy tir thi/e ti C i n cfi qui ehi d l sinh vtfln tham gta thye tap tat cle eo quan tu v i n Kiln true - Qui hogch ho|e gtai quyit d c d i tat cfl thit trong thye t i bing d e d l I n sinh vten (cfl t h i thiy d e h Ilm nay d nhung nude
ma tinh thuang mat hfla len r i t eao). Mac d i u d phin d i u , chung ta cho ring tnrdng phli Beaux Arts da trd nfln loi thdi nhung d day chung ta \^n phat hpc tap ho Phai tao duge moi trudng thuc hinh, giup sinh vifln tien he qua lai danh g i l nhau trong khi Ilm viec ma chfnh hga thit (StucSo) \i phuong tien rit die lye, dtiu nay thudng b| d c trudng d n thtlu thon co sd v|t chit bo qua. Mflt sfi trudng nhu Dai hge Delft (Ha Lan), Dgi hpc Newcastle (Uc) d l phit triln hinh thdc do an gtat quyit d c v i n d i trong t h u c t i (Problem based learning. P B L ; trong dfl smh vtfln duactu ehon mgc tieu hpc, tich luy cle ky nang v l kiln thdc
- Kha ning Ap dung cic phuong phap dAo tao cai tien:
+ Vtee eho ring ban chit s i n cfi cua KTS t l 'Cd khi ning sing tao ra giai phAp cho mgi vin di" t l mfit y kiin t h l i q u i . Nhung v i n d l cua Dfl ttii khong t h i duoc suy xet bing cam tinh ma phai trat qua qua trinh dao tgo va nghien cdu eflng phu theo kiiu: Luong biin thinh chit.
+ Thue hign d i o tgo kten true d hai bfle: Dat hpc v l Cao hpc Can phSn eip dfl I n v l phln clp chuyen gia Qui hogch. Kht cap chdng chi ehu tri dfi I n Qui hogch phai cot trpng thye tue ehu khflng chi coi trong bing cip, N6i ehung, vtflc chuyfln dit KTS hay ky su dfl thj sang Qui hoach gia phai duoc sy cho phip hinh nghi ctia co quan chde nang
+ Da s i sinh vten mdi tu trudng phfi thong Ifln thudng qui t e d i linti hfii d e v l n d l xa hfii nen chi thieh hop eho vtflc d i o tgo cu nhan Sau khi cfi kmh nghiem thuc t i se hpc ten Cao hoe Qui hogch Mflt s6 nganh IthSc cfi tinh tflng hap cao nhu Quan ty Dfl tht chi nen d i e tgo d bac Sau Dai hoc.
K i t luan: Chung ta cin dfii mdi nhung phat thfln trgng trong thay dli, vi nhung gi hifln eo khong t h i b| loai bo qua nhanh chflng. Cic b|c t i n bli bac thiy da phat chon ipc r i t ky d n g trong vtee ^nh hinh nhCrng g i l tq cua cflng tac thilt kfl Kiin tnie cflng nhu phuang phip d i o tgo chuyen gta v l luon phln diu cho nhdng gta tq do khflng bj bang hoat. Thye t i n ehi eho ph^p thay dflt nlu ngiy nay ta co t h i dua ra nhung gl that uyin ehuyin, thuin thuc va hap I'if nhit nhu vay mdt dam bao duac tuang lai cua nginh Ktin trQcD
Tai liiu lham khao:
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2. Nguyin Tdn Van Qudn lyvd phdl triin quy hoach kiin tnic. canh quan. moi tnidng TC Klin Trucl/66
3. Harris, H. Architecture Live projects 2010-2012. Oxford Brookes University.
4 Plants, Alan J-CIVIC andTeclonic Humanism as a Frame work for ArchitecturalEducalion.
Remaking the framework of Architectural Education for the 21st Century, (Conference, Hongkong 7/01)
5. Parenteau Rene Gido sirDgi hpc Montreal: Bdi giang vi Cdu triic Dd Thi Igi ldp Cao hfc Klin triic - Qui hoach. Dai hpc Klin trite TPHCM 1994 -1995.
6 Savage, Susan. The Parable of a Baby and her water Remaking the Framework <^
Architectural Education for the 21st Century, (Conference, Hongkong 7/2001) vd cdc trich ddn cua Diane Ghirado, Morgan (.1993, tr 5), Bayer vd Mitgang (1966, tr4).
7. TillJ.ArchileclureDepends. Massachusetts:MTTPress 2009
8 Tzonis, Alexander OHCN Delft, Ha Lan. Architecture by dialogue for dialogue. RemcJang A Framework ofArchilecturalEducationfar the 21st Cenhtry. (Conference Hongkong 7/2001) 9 Natasha Lofthouse The Changing Nature of Architectural Education MA Degree, Chford Brookes University March 2013
