TAP CHi KHOA HPC, TRUCJNG DAI HpC TRA VINH. Sd 25, THANG 3 NAM 2017
HOAT DONG SAO CHUP TAC P H A M CUA TAC GIA TRONG HE THONG GIAO DUC - T I H T C TRANG
" VA MQT SO KIEN NGHI
LICENSED OPERATION OF COPYING WORKS OF COPYRIGHT OWNERS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM-SITUATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Dang Cong Trang\ Lam Thanh Scm^
Tom tat - Bdi viet nay nghien euu mgt each tdng quan quy dinh cua phdp luat Viet Nam vd quoc te ve hoat dong cap phep sao chup tde pham trong he thdng gido due, tir do de xudt mot so gidi phdp nhdm giup cho hoat dong ndy dien ra hieu qud. Nliitng ngi dung lien quan den dieu kien cap phep, cdch thuc cap phep sao chup tdcphdm cho hgc sinh, sinh vien de thu lai mgt khodn tien thti lao sao chup nhdm phdn phdi lai thu lao cho chit sd hihi quyen tde gid duac phdn tieh, ddnh gid dua tren quy dinh cua phdp lugt vd thuc trgng sao chup trong he thdng gido due hien nay. Hogt dgng cdpphep sao chup duac thuc hien mgt cdch hieu qud se gdp phdn bao ve quyen lai cua chu sd hihi quyen tac gid, dong thai giup hgc sinh, sinh vien cd the sao chup tdcphdm mgt cdch hap phdp vd ndng cao linh thdn ton trong quyen tde gid trong mdi trudng gido due hien nay. Chung tdi hy vgng bdi viet phdn ndo dong gdp cho.viec chap hdnh nghiem cae qui dinh ve sao chip cdc tde pham eua tde gid ddi vdi he thdng gido due tren cd nude ndi chung vd sinh vien, gidng vien ndi rieng.
Tic khda: cap phep sao chup, quyen tac gid, sao chip tac pham, qudn ly tap thi quyen tde gid.
Abstract - This article is an overview research of the legal provisions of Vietnam and interna- tional about the licensed operation of copying a work in the educational system, which proposes a number of measures in order lo help this activity
, Tmcmg Dai hpc Cong Nghiep TP.
^Tnrong khoa Lui H6 Chi Minh
^Cao hoc luat kinh ic - Tniong Dai hpc Tra Vinh Xgay nhan bai 07/02/17, Xgay nhan ket qua binh duvcf 24/02/17. Xgay chap nhan dang' 12/03/17
take place effectively. The contents, which are related to the licensing conditions, how to copy a licensed work for students in order to record a copying remuneration and redistribute that to copyright owners, are analyzed and evaluated based on the provisions of law and the status of copying in the current educational system. The licensed copying operation that is perfonned ef- fectively will contribute to protecting the interests
of copyright owners, help students copy a work in a legal way, and uplift respect for the copyright in the current educational environment.
Keywords: licensed copy, copyright, repro- duction of works, management of the copyright
I. DAT VAN DE Quyen sao chep tac phim la mdt trong nhimg quyen tai san quan trpng nhat ciia quy6n tac gia va ngau nhien duac phan anh trong tu chi quyen tac gia (copyright) [1], Quyen sao chep duoc bao bd tii gdc do phap luat qudc te va ca gdc dO phap luat quoc gia. Tren thuc te, viec sao chep tac pham de tao ra ban sao tac pham dugc thuc hien bang nhieu hinh thiic, trong dd cd hinh thiic sao chup de tao ra ban sao tac pham bing cac thiSt bi cd tinh nang chup, quct tai tao lai hinh anb cua tac pham, nhu: may scan, may photocopy hoac may chup anh...
Su phat trien cua khoa hpc va edng nghe, ben canli mat tich cue, da lam gia tang vin nan xam ph^m quyen tac gia qua hanh vi sao chup tac pham bang may photocopy, dac biet la trong he thong giao due. Vice sao chup cac loai hinh tac pham {ton tai dudi dang an pham da duac xual ban) khong xin phep, khong tra tien cua hpc sinh, sinh vien lam mil di khoan thu nhap quan trong ma cac lac gia, chu sd htm quyen tac gia va nha
TAP CHI KHOA H p c , T R U P N G D * ! HpC T R A VINH, Sd 25, THA-NG 3 NAM 2017 KINH Tfi - XA HpI
xuat ban Ic ra phai dugc hudng theo quy dinh cua phap luat sd bihi tri tue va cac dieu udc qudc tc ma Vict Xam la thanh vien.
Tuy nhien, vice hpc sinh, sinh vien xin phep true tiep tac gia, chu sd him quyen tac gia dc tiep can tac pham thdng qua viec sao chup thay vi mua sach gdc khong phai liic nao ciing thuc hien duac. Do dd, phap luat sd him tri tue ciia Vict Nam ciing nhu nhieu nude tren th£ gidi ap dung mo hinh quan ly tap the quyen sao chep.
Theo dd, sao chop tac pham cd the dugc thuc hien thdng qua vice cip phep sao chup tac pham va thu tien thii lao thdng qua mdt td chiic quan ly tap the dai dien cho tac gia, chu sd hihi quyen tac gia [2]. Vdi hoat ddng cap phep sao chup, hpc sinh, sinh vien phai tra mot khoan tien thii lao cho hanh vi sao chup tac pham cho td chiic dai dien cua chu sd hiiu quyen tac gia va td chiic nay cd trach nhiem phan phoi tien thii lao lai cho chu sd hihi quyen theo thoa thuan giua cac ben.
Trong bai viet nay, tac gia mong mudn lam sanf td mot sd van de trong quy dinh phap luat Viet Nam va qudc te ve hoat ddng cap phep sao chup, Cling nhu thuc tien cSp phep sao chup trong be thdng giao due hien nay nham dua ra mdt sd de xuat de boat ddng cap phep sao chup dugc thuc hien mot each hiSu qua trong hS thdng giao due.
II. CO SO PHAP LY A. Quy dinh cua phdp lugt Viet Nam ve hogt dgng cdp phep sao chup
Quyen tac gia bao hg tac pbam do chmh tac gia sang tao ra, khdng sao chep va dugc the hien dudi mdt hinh thiic nhat dinh. Dieu 2 Cong udc Bern quy dinh tac pham dugc bao hd la "tdt cd cdc sdn phdm trong linh vuc vdn hgc nghe thuat vd khoa hgc, bdt ky duac bieu hien theo phuang thuc hay dual hinh thue ndo, chdng hgn nhu sdch, tap in nhd vd cdc bdn viel khdc, cdc bdi gidng, bdi phdt bieu". Vdi tu each la thanh vien thii 156 cua Cdng udc Beme, Viet Nam ciing quy dinh cac loai hinh lac pham van hpc, nghe thuat va khoa hpc dugc bao bp quyen tac gia tai Dieu 14 Luat Sd hiru tri tuc 2005, dugc sua ddi bd sung 2009 (Luat SHTT). Nhu vay, theo quy dinh cua Cdng udc Bern va Luat SHTT thi giao trinh, tap bai giang, de cuong mon hpc, sach tham khao, sach chuyen khao, luan an, luan van, khda luan.
cac bai vi6t tren cac tap chi chuyen nganh deu la cac tac pham dugc bao hp.
Hien nay, vice sao chep dc tao ra ban sao cua tac phSra [3] dien ra phd bicn dudi hinh thiic sao chup bang may photocopy. Ngudi sii dung ban sao chup phai xin phep va phai tra tien cho chu sd hihi quyen tac gia khi sao chep tac pham, trir bai trudng hgp sau day khong can xin phep, khdng can tra tien, cu the:
Thu nhdt, khi vice sao chep tac pham nham muc dich nghien cuu khoa hpc, giang day cua ca nhan (quy dinh tai Diem a Khoan 1 Dieu 25 Luat SHTT);
Thu hai, khi viec sao chep tac pham de lim trii trong thu vien nham muc dich nghien ciiu (quy dinh tai Di6m d Khoan 1 Di6u 25 Luat SHTT).
Theo quy dinh nay, sao chep tac pbam de phuc vu muc dich hpc tap cua hpc sinh, sinh vien khong thudc trudng hgp khdng phai xin phep, khong phai tra tien. Bdi le, theo Khoan 4 Dieu 3 Luat Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe 2013 quy dinh:
"Nghien cuu khoa hoc la hogt dgng khdm phd, phdt Men, tim hieu bdn chdt, quy lugt cita su vat, hien tuang tu nhien, xa hgi vd tu duy; sdng tgo gidi phdp nhdm ung dung vdo thuc tien". Quy dinh nay cho thay hoat ddng nghien ciiu khoa hpc khdng bao gdm hpc lap [4]. Vi vay, hpc sinh, sinh vien sao chup tac pham bang may photocopy phai xin phep va tra tien t h i lao cho chii sd hiiu quyen tac gia. Hanh vi sao chup tac pham khdng dugc su cho phep cua chu sd hiru quyen tac gia la hanh vi xam pham quyen tac gia theo Khoan 6 Dieu 28 Luat SHTT: "Sao chip tde phdm md khong duae phep eua tac gid, chu sd hOu quyin tac gid, trir truang hgp quy dinh tai diem a vd diem d khodn } Dieu 25 ciia Lugt ndy."
De giiip hpc sinh, sinh vien tiep can dugc lugng tac pbam ddi dao va dupe sao chup tac pham mdt each hgp phap cd the thuc hien thdng qua vice mdt td chiic quan ly tap the quySn tac gia cap phep sao chup tac pbam cho hpc sinh, sinh vien va hpc sinh, sinh vien phai tra mdt khoan tien thii lao vi hanh vi sao chup cho td cbiic nay dc phdi tien thii lao lai cho chu sd hiiu quyen tac gia theo thoa thuan giua cac ben. Hien nay, to chiic quan ly tap the quyen tac gia cd chiic nang cap phep sao chup tai Viet Nam la Hiep hdi Quyen sao chep Vict Nam [5] (gpi tat la Vn-.TRRO).
d KHOA HOC, TRtrtoG DAI HpC TRA VINH, SO 25, TOANG 3 NA.M 2017 KINH T^-XA HOI
Hoat dpng cap phep sao chup dugc VTETRRO ap dung hien nay la mo hinh cSp phep tu nguyen phii hgp vdi quy dinh tai Dicu 56 Luat SHTT va Dicu 41 Nghi dinh 100/2006/ND-CP (dugc sua d5i, b5 sung bdi Nghi dinh 85/20n/ND-CP). Md binh c3p pbcp tu nguyen boat dpng dua tren sir liy quyen tu nguyen cua chii sd bihi quyen tac gia (thdng qua vice ky ket hgp ddng liy quySn, gia nhap lam hdi vien) cho VIETRRO va VIETRRO thay mat cho ngudi uy quyen de thuang lugng va thuc hiSn viec cip phep cho ngudi sao chup tac pham.
Nhu v^y, trong he thdng giao due, hpc sinh, sinh vien mudn sao chup tac pbam thudc quyen quan ly ciia VIETRRO de hpc tap thi phai dugc VIETRRO cap phep sao chup trong thai han nhat dinh, thong thudng tir mdt nam den hai nam.
Ddng thai, hpc sinh, sinb vien phai tra mot miic phi ban quyen cho hanh vi sao chep tuong ling v^ muc phi nay bien nay dugc VIETRRO tinh theo cdng thiic:
Phi bdn quyen = Ty le % nhugn but x gid bia dn phdm x ty le % sao chip tde phdm
Phil hop vdi quy dinh phap luat, boat ddng cSp phep sao chup tac pham cua VIETRRO phai dap ung dugc cac diCu kien sau:
(1) Tde phdm dugc bdo hg quyen tde gid. Dieu 14 Luat SHTT quy dinh cac loai hinh tac phim van hpc, nghe thuat va khoa hpc dugc bao hd quyen tac gia, Tac phim dugc tbd dien dudi dang an pham la rapt hinh tbiirc cbiia dung tac phim da dupe cdng bd.
(2) Tdcphdm cdn trong thdi hgn bdo ho quyin tde gid. Thdi han bao hd quyen tac gia ddi vdi cac tac phim dugc quy djnh lai Dieu 27 Luat SHTT.
Hct thdi ban bao hd, mpi td chuc, ca nhan dSu cd quyen khai thac, sir dung vdi di6u kifin tdn trpng quyen nhan than ciia lac gia. NTiu vay, tac phim ma VIETRRO muon cip phep sao chup cho hpc sinh, sinh vien phai nSm trong thdi han bao hd quyen tac gia.
(3) Chu sd hihi quyen tde gid da iiy quyin eho VIETRRO. Can cu quy dinh tai Khoan 2 Dieu 56 Luat SHTT, td chuc quan ly tap the quyen tac gia phai duac uy quyen mdi dupe thuc hien hoat ddng cip phep. Day la di6u kien quan trpng khi VIETRRO hoat dpng theo md hinh cip phep tu nguyen.
B. Ifogt dgng cap phep sao chup cda mot so quoc gia tren the gidi
Nam 1973, td chiic quan ly tap the quyen tac gia chuyen quan ly quyen .sao chep dudi hinh thiic sao chup ra ddi Ian dau tien tai Thuy Si, co ten la BONUS (Pichires, Words, Printed Music Joint Copyright Organisation) vdi chiic nang cip phep sao chup tac pham cho ngudi sir dung.
Ngay nay. Lien hiep qudc te cac td chtic qiiyh sao chep (IFRRO — The International Federation of reproduction right organization) tap hgp cac Id chiic quyen sao chep da cd 87 bdi vien, cap phep sao chup cho ngudi sii dung vdi sd lupng tang len hang nam va tien thu lao sao chup cung tang Icn dang kfi (nam 2013 thu dupe hem 861,4 trieu euro) [6]
IFRRO. RRO-members, total members and collected fees
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Hinh 1: Thdng ke thii lao sao chup cua thanh vien IFRRO. - Ngudn International Federa- tion of Reproduction Rights - IFRRO BOARD REPORT 2013
Hien nay, cac td chiic quan ly tap the quyen sao chep cap phep sao chup theo cac mo hmh sau day;
Mo hinh cap phep tu- nguyen (Voluntary license)
Tuang tu nhu tai Viet Nam, mo hinh cip phep tu nguyen hoat ddng dua tren su liy quyen cua chu sd hiiu quyen lac gia cho td chuc quan ly tap the de thuang lugng va thuc hien vice cip phep cho ngudi sao chup tac phim. Mot so quoc gia ap dung md hinh cap phep tu nguyen tren the gidi :
TAP CHI KHOA HQC, TRUdNG BAI HQC TRA VINH, s d 25, THANG 3 N i M 2017 KINH Tfe-XA Hpi
Bang I. Thong ke cua IFRRO cac qudc gia ap dung md hinh cap phep tu nguyen
STT 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 S
9 10
QCOC GIA Argentina
Brasil Canada
Chile Colombia Hong Kong SAR
Ireland Italy
Jamaica Nhat Ban
T £ N ' T O C i l t y c 1 NAM n i A X H LAP Ccniro dc Administracidn de Dcrcchos Rcprograficos (CADRA) 1 2002
Associa^ao Brasileira dc DireUos Rcprograficos (ABDR) The Canadian Copynght Licensing Agency (Access Copyrighi),
Socicte quebccoisc de gcstion collective des droits de reproduction (COPIBEC) Sociedad de Derechos Litcrarios (SADEL) Centro Colombiano de Derechos Rcprograficos (CEDER) The Hong Kong Reprographic Rights Licensing Society Limited
(HKRRLS) The Insh Copyright Licensing Agency (TCLA) Associazionc Iialiana per i Dirttti di Riproduzione delle Opere
deU'ingcgno (AIDRO) Jamaican Copyrighi Licensing Agency (JAMCOPY)
Japan Reprographic Rights Center (JRRC)
1992 19Sg
2003 2002 1995 1992 1989 1998 1991
Ngudn: International Federation of Reproduction Rights - IFRRO BOARD REPORT 2013
Mo hinh cap phep bat huge (Mandatory collective management)
Md hinh nay dupe ap dung lin diu tien tai Phap nam 1995, theo dd td chuc quan ly quyen sao chep Societe des Editeurs et Auteurs de Musique (SEAM) dugc quyen dai dien cho tat ca cbii sd him quyen tac gii de cap phep sao chup tac pbam ngudi sii diuig trong bSt ky Imh vuc nao.
Mo hinh cap phep md (Extended collective license)
c i p phep md la hinh thiic cip phep ma Id chiic quan ly tap the quy6n sao chep cho phep ngudi sir dung sao chup tac pham trong toan bd kho tac pham d qudc gia do (hoac cua toan the gidi) co lien quan den viec sao chyp ma khdng phu thudc vao viec chii sd hiiu quyin tac gid cd liy quyen cho td chiic nay hay khdng. Cac quy dinh eua giay phep tap the md rpng dau tien la ket qua ciia vice sua ddi luat ban quyen d cac qudc gia Bic Au vao nhirng nam diu thap nien 1960. He thong quoc gia ap dung md hinh cap phep md (Bang 2)
Mo hinh cap phep theo luat dinh Cap phep theo luat dinh la hinh thiic cap phep theo quy dinh cua phap luat cd lien quan dieu chinh hoat dpng cap phep sao chup. Cac chii sd hiiu quyen tac gia nhan dugc tien den bu thu dugc tii ngudi sao chep tac pham va phan phoi bdi cac td chiic quan ly tap the. Miic dp md rpng luat dinh la khac nhau d cac qudc gia, co the giSy phep lull dinb chi ap dung cbo viec sao chep tac pham vi muc dich giao due trong he thdng giao
Bang 2. Thdng ke ciia IFRRO cac qudc gia ap dung md hinh cap phep md
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due hoac dugc md rgng Ididng pban biet muc dich, mien sao la cd hanh vi sao chep tac pham.
He th6ng cac qudc gia ap dung (Bang 3) Bang 3. Thdng kc ciia IFRRO cac qudc gia ap
dung md binh cap phep theo luat dinh
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TAPCHI KHOA HOC, TRUdNG DAI HpC TRA VINH, Sd 25, THANG J NA.M 2017 KINHTfi-XAHC
ra. THI/C TRANG SAO CHUP VA VIEC CAP PHEP SAO CHUP TRONG HE THONG
GIAO DUC
A. Thuc trang sao chup tdcphdm trong he thdng gido due
Thdng qua mdt sd cudc khao sat cua Hiep bdi Quyen sao chep Vict Nam VIETRRO lai ban 60 trudng hoc tren ca nude cho thay vice sao chup tac phim cua hpc sinh, sinb vien dien ra rat phd bifin. Miic dd sao chup tai lieu cd su khac nhau giua cac cap bac, thdng thudng vice sao chup cd xu hudng gia tang tii bac trung cap chuyen nghiep, cao dang va dai hpc. Dieu nay the hien ro su tucmg xiing vdi khdi lugng kien thiic, chucmg trinh giang day, kha nang tiep nhan ciia tCmg cap.
Chang han, trong mot hpc ky, hpc sinh, sinh vien sao chup tai lieu d miic pho bien tir 1- 50 trang, cu the:
Mot xu hudng dang gia tang hien nay la vice trudng hoc, nhat la cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang trang bi may photocopy trong trudng hoac than de cho td chiic, ca nhan ben ngoai dat may de copy tai heu cbo hpc sinh, sinh vien. Tuy theo nhu eau cua hpc sinh, sinh vien ma trudng hoac ngudi kinh doanh nay cd the sao chup loan bd hay mgl phan sach tham khao, giao trinh va tai lieu khac.,Hanh vi nay da xam pham nghiem trpng quyen tac gia ngay trong mdi trudng giao due. Xet ve mat xa hdi, lam sao cd the hi vgng trudng hpc dao tao ra nhirng con ngudi biSt ton trpng thanh qua cua tac gia khi vice xam pham quyen tac gia xay ra trong khuon vien trudng hgc Ihay vi ngan cam viec sao chup tai heu trai phap luat.
Ngoai ra, mdt sd thu vien tong hap quy md Idn nhu Thu vien Khoa hpc T6ng hop Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh, Thu vien Quoc gia Vici Nam cd bin
"Phdng Dpc nhan photo sach, cac loai bao va tap cbf trong dd quy dinh cu the thii tuc dang ky photo sach, tai lieu; phi dich vu photo, thai gian nhan photo,., dugc niem yet cong khai. Mac du vice thu vien cho phep sao chup sach, tai lieu la phuc vu nhu cau tim bifiu thong lin va md mang van hoa dpc cho ngudi sii dung thudc mpi thanh phan trong xa hpi, nhung vice tbu vien sao chup lai lieu theo nhu cau cua ngudi dpc trong thu vien ma chua dupe cho phep ciia tac gia, chii sd hiiu quyen tie gia la vi pbam phap luat sd huu tri luc va lam anh hudng din quyen lgi hpp phap
ciia tac gid, chu sd hiiu quyen tac gia va quyci loi tai chinh cua cac nha xuat ban xuat ban phan luu trir trong cac thu vien tren.
B. Thuc irgng cdp phep sao chup trong he thdng gido due
Hien nay, Hiep bdi Quyen sao chep Viet Nam VIETRRO la id chiic quan ly tap the quyen sao chep cd tham quyen cap phep sao chup tac pham do VIETRRO quan ly trong he thong giao due tai Viet Nam. Dua tren uy quyen ciia chu si him quyen tac gia, VIETRRO cap phep sii dimg tac pham cho hpc sinh, siiih vien thdng qua cac trudng chii quaiL Tuy nhien, nhiing tac phani thudng dupe sao chup la sach giao khoa, sach giao trinh, sach tham khao ... thi VIETRRO lai nim quyen quan ly ril it nen vice cdp phdp sao chup chua dat dugc muc tieu da de ra la cap phep sao chup trong he thdng giao due phai thu ve phi cap phep 18 ty ddng trong nam 2013, 2014.
Ngoai ra, VIETRRO vip phai su phan khang \m tii hgc sinh, sinh vien, khi da so van nghi rang hoc sinh, sinh vien dugc sao chup tai lieu de phuc vu muc dich hoc tap ma khdng y thiic dugc rang viec sao chup nay la xam pham quyen tac gia.
Hien nay, VIETRRO dang tich cue lam viec vdi Bd Giao due va Dao tao ciing mdt sd truong trong he thdng giao due vS viec hd trg thiic diy hoat ddng cap phep sao chup cho hgc sinh, sinh vien. Miic phi thu tii viec cap phep sao ch^
VIETRRO du tinh thu cua mdi hgc sinh, sinh vien cd hanh vi sao chup tac pham thudc quyen quan ly ciia VIETRRO nhu sau:
Thii lao cap phep sao chup du kiSn cua VIETRRO- Ngudn VIETRRO
D6i tuong Hoc sinh trung hoc c a so Hoc sinh trung hgc pho thong Smh vien trung cap chuyen nghiep, cat dang, dai hoc
1 Tien thii lao
• 5.500 ddnslnsia j 8.000 dong/nam I 11.000 d6ng/n5m
IV. MOT SO DE XUAT X H A M NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT D O N G CAP PHEP A. Tdng cudng hgp tde vd nlidn uy quyen tie chi sd hicu quyen tde gid
Hoat ddng cap pbcp sao chup trong he thong eiao due hien nav tai Vict Nam thuc hicn tren co
TAP CHi KHOA H p c , TRUdNG DAI H p c TRA VINH, s d 25, T H A N G 3 NAM 2017 KINH TE-XA Hdi
sd to chuc quan ly tap the nhan uy quyen tii chii sd hihi quyen tac gia rdi di cap phep cho hpc sinh, sinh vien. Dc nhan dugc su ling hd va liy quyen tir chu sd hiiu quyen tac gia ddi vdi cac loai giao trinh, sach giao khoa bay sach tham khao la viec khdng dcm gian, bdi le, da so cac dau sach nay do nha trudng quan ly hoac Bp Giao due & Dao tao quan ly va phan Idn dugc viet tu ngan sach nha nude. Rieng ddi vdi sach giao khoa tii bac tieu hpc den trung hgc pho thdng, hpc sinh deu cd xu hudng mua sach gdc tir nha xuat ban hoac mugn sach giao khoa cG tir nhieu ngudn. Do dd, VIETTRO can cd nhiing bien phap tuyen truyen van ddng de cd the nhan dugc su ling hp va uy quyen cap pbcp tir nhieu chii sd hihi quyen tac gia vdi lupng tac pham phong phii va da dang.
Ngoai ra, VIETRRO cd the keu gpi cac ca quan nba nude cd tham quyen hd trg dam phan vdi cac chu sd hihi quyen tac gia de VIETRRO nhan uy quyen va giup dd trong viec cap phep sao chup cho hpc sinh, sinh vien. Bdi le, theo Chi thi sd 36/2008/CT-TTg ve viec tang cudng quan ly va thuc thi bao hp quyen tac gia, quyen lien quan, da neu rd ca quan nha nude khdng nhiing thuc hien chuc nang quan ly ma cdn hd trg cac td chiic quan ly tap the. Chi thi cua Thu tudng khang dinh: Cac to chiic quan ly tap the quyen tac gia, quyen hen quan da dugc hinh thanh, budc dau da ed cac hoat ddng tich cue, dang khich le, tuy nhien tinh trang vi pbam ban quyen van dang dien ra d hau het cac linh vuc vdi cac hinh thiic va miic dp khac nhau; vi vay, ca quan nha nude cd tbim quyen tao dieu kien, hd trg cac td chiic quan ly tap the quyen tac gia, quyen lien quan thuc hien quyen do phap luat quy dinh, dac biet la hoat dpng cap phep, thu va phan phoi lien sii dung tac pbam.
Ddi vdi cac hiep hdi chuyen mdn, trong thdi gian qua, VIETRRO da nhan dugc su ung hd cua cac hiep hdi lien quan den quyen tac gia trong va ngoai nude nhu: Dupe giiip dd ve tai chinh tir Hiep hpi Ban quyen Na uy -Norcode; dugc IFFRO hd trg vc chuyen mon irong boat ddng va ky ket cac thda thuan song phucmg,... Vi vay, trong qua trinh boat ddng cap phep, VIETRRO can tiep tuc phat huy nhimg lgi the tir su hd tra tai chinh va chuyen mdn ciia cac hiep hdi. Dac bict, VIETRRO phoi hgp vdi Hpi Xuat ban tang cudng van ddng, luycn truyen vc giai phap quan
ly tap the ddi vdi cac thanh vien Hdi xuat ban, dam phan lay liy quyen cap phep sao chup, md rpng pham vi cac tac pham dugc cap phep sao chup trong he thdng giao due va tang cudng dau tranh nhim khlc phuc nan sao chep lau va kiem soat boat dpng sao chup hien nay.
B. Xay dung cdch thuc thu phi cdp phep sao chup phii hop
Ve mat ly thuyet, td chiic quan ly tap the se cap phep va thu phi true tiep tii hgc sinh, sinh vien cd hanh vi sao chup tac pham ma khdng thudc nhiing trudng hgp su dung ngoai le khdng phai xin phep va khdng phai tra tien. Tuy nhien, viec cap phep va tbu phi nhu vay la khdng kha thi do ngudn kinh phi va nhan luc han chc cua VIETRRO so vdi sd lugng Idn hgc sinh, sinh vien tren dia ban ca nude. Do do, hien nay viec cap phep sao chup va thu phi cap phep tir hgc .sinh, sinh vien dugc thuc hien thdng qua nha trudng, nha trudng chiu su quan ly ciia cac Sd Giao due & Dao tao, Bd Giao due & Dao tao.
Trong thdi gian qua, VIETRRO da tich cue lam viec vdi Bd Giao due & Dao tao ve de cac trudng thu phi tien sao chup trong he thdng giao due va phan phoi lai cho VIETRRO.
Viec thu phi cap phep sao chup cd the hgc hdi kinh nghiem tii cac td cbiic quan ly quyen sao chep ciia cac quoc gia tren the gidi. Chang han, cd the lay Kopinor - Td chiic quan ly quyen sao chep eua Na Uy lam vi du dien hinh ve viec thu phi thdng qua ca quan chu quan trong he thdng giao due, cu the:
- Ddi vdi cac trudng tieu hgc va tnmg hpc:
dua tren hgp ddng mau, Kopinor di dam phan vdi cac nha chuc trach dia phuang va khu vuc ve viec thu phi sao chep cua he thong cac trudng tieu hpc va trung hpc, trudng van hda d dia phuang dd.
Trudng tu nhan: Kopinor di dam pban vdi bdn to chiic lien doan cua he thong trudng tu nhan.
He thdng trudng dai hpc va cao dang;
Kopinor di dam phan vdi Hdi ddng giao due dai hpc, Bp Giao due Na Uy [12].
C. Ndng cao nhdn thirc cua hgc sinh, sinh vien Hpc sinh, sinb vien sao chup bang may photo- copy nhieu loai tac pham phuc vu cho muc dich
TAP CHi KHOA HOC, TRUdNG 0*1 HOC TRA VINH, Sd 25, T H A N G 3 NAM 2017 KINHT^-XAHOl
hoc tap la chu yfiu nhung khdng phai liic nao Cling nhan thiic hanh vi sao chup la xam pham quyfin tac gia. Thuc te d Vicl Nam hien nay, kien thiic cua hpc sinh, sinh vien vc quyen tac gia cdn ban che va neu cd biet ve quyen tac gia thi y thiic tdn trgng quyen tac gia ciing chua cao, De thuan lgi cbo viec cap phep sao chup tac pham, thi trude hSt hpc sinh, sinh vien phai nhan thiic dugc nghia vu tra tien ban quyen khi sao chup tac pham dugc bao bp nCu khdng thuoc trudng hgp sao chup vi muc dich nghien ciiu khoa hpc.
Tuy nhien, hpc sinb, sinh vien nhan thiic dugc nghia vu cua minh khi sao chup tac pbam nhung neu hp khong biet phai thuc hien nghTa vu tra tien ban quyen cho ai, d d§u va nhu the nao thi bp van chua thuc thi dugc nghTa vu ciia minh.
Do dd, viec tuyen truyen va phd bien boat dpng cap phep sao chup tac pham den hpc sinh, siiib vien ndi rieng va mpi thanh phan trong xa hdi ndi chung la rit can thiet. Tir sir biSu biet ca ban ve boat ddng cap phep sao chup, hpc sinh, sinh vien se nhan thay dugc nhiing lai ich ben canh viec dugc sao chup tac pham hgp phap la kha nang tiep can ngudn tac pbam phong phii va da dang cua nhieu tac gia trong nude va nude ngoai.
Nhu vay, tren ca sd quy dinh ciia phap luat sd huu tri tue ve tbim quyen cip phep, VIETRRO can nd luc trong viec van dpng nhan uy quyen tir chu sd huu quyen tac gia ciia nhiSu tac phim, tranh thii su hd trg cua ca quan nha nude, hiep bdi chuyen mdn va cac dan vi cd lien quan, tuyen truyen kien thiic vh hoat ddng cip phep sao chup.
Tir dd tao dieu kien cho boat dpng cip phep sao chup dugc biet din rgng rai trong he thdng giao due va trong xa hpi, giiip ngudi sii dung y thiic dugc nghTa vu tra phi ban quydn khi sao chup tac pbam.
V. KET LUAN
NghTa vucua hpc sinh, sinh vien khi sao chup tac pham de hgc tap la phai tra lien thii lao cho chu sd hihi quyan tac gia. Dieu nay thg hien su ton trgng qtiyen va lgi ich chinh dang cua chii sd hiiu quyen tac gia theo quy dinh cua phap luat. Tuy nhien, phin Idn chu sd hiiu quyen tac gia khdng the tu mmh quan ly va tbu tien ban quyenrir hpc sinh, sinh vien co hanh vi sao chup tac pham bang hinh thiic sao chup trong he th6ng giao due hien nay. Thdng qua boat dong cip phep
sao chup, hgc sinh, sinh vien thuc hien nghia vu tra tien thii lao vi hanh vi sao chup cho tfi chiic quan ly tap the quyen sao chep de td chuc nay phan phdi lai tien thii lao lai cho chii sd hiiu quyen theo thda thuan giCta cac ben. Vi the, hoat dpng cap phep sao chup se bao ve quyen tai san ciia chii sd hiiu quyen tac gia trude cac hanh vi sao chup bat hgp phap, dam bao quyin thu hudng tien thii lao va khuyen khich cho tac gia ddng thdi la chii sd hiru quyen tac gia them ddng lire va kinh phi sang tac nhirng tac phim mdi cd chat lugng.
Hoat ddng cap phep sao cbup trong he thong giao due khi dat hieu qua se gdp phan dam bao chinh sach, chii truang ctia nha nude ve bao ve quyen tac gia dugc tuan thii, ban che nhiing banh vi xam pham quyen tac gia. Tir do nha nude ciing giam ganh nang trong viec xii ly vi pham quyen sd hiiu tri tue. Ben canh dd, viec cap phep sao chup tac pham giiip cho hoc sinh, sinh vien co ca bdi tiep can ngudn tac pham phong phii mgt each de dang va hgp phap vdi chi phi hgp ly.
Hoat dgng cap phep sao chup tao ra mdi trudng sii dung tac pham mdt each lanh manh trong he thdng giao due, nang cao y thuc cua hgc sinh, sinh vien biet tdn trpng thanh qua sang tao ciia tac gia, chii sd him quyen tac gia, gdp phin dao tao nhung cdng dan cd trach nhiem d6 xay dimg xa hdi Viet Nam van minh va tri tbiic.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Nguyln Van Bay. Tai kieu hoc tap DLIOl-VN. Cue
Sd htm tri tue. 20I2;p. 6.
[2] Dao luat Paris. Cong u&c Bern ve' bdo Ap tac phdm van hoc va nghe thuat; 28/9/1979.
[3] Le_N6t. Quyin s& huu tri tu?. TP H6 Chi Minh: Nha xult han Dai hoc Qu6c gia TP. H6 Chi Minh; 2006;
tr. 78.
[4] Luat So- him hi t u | s6 19/VBHN-VPQH ngay 18 thang 12 nam 2013 cua van phong Quoc hgi niroc CHXHCX Viet Nam thong qua ngay 18 thang 12 nira 2013 Lugl Sd him tri tue nam 2009 (duac sua doi. bd sung nam 20I3y, 2013.
[5] Nguyen Xgpc Lam, Le Thi Nam Giang, Nguyln Thi Bi'ch Ngoc. Ve quyen photocopy Irong moi trudng giao dye. Tap chi Khoa h(ic phdp ly. 2007;39-3.
[6] International Federation of Reproduction Rights.
IFRR.O BOARD REPORT 2013. tPorid Intellectual Property Organization and International Federation of Reproduction Rights. 2013;p. 2.
