VX DliNDAN I
VAN HOA HANH CHINH: N H I N T C HOAT D O N G
CUNG CAP DICH VU H A N H CHINH C 6 N G
Nguyen Thi H a *
Tdm tdt: Vdn hod hdnh chinh ra ddi tU rdt sdm, gan liin vdi su xudt hiin cua ede nin hdnh chinh trong thdi kf cd dgi d phUdng Tdy vd phUdng Ddng. Tuy nhiin, d Viit Nam hien nay, vdn hod hdnh ehinh chUa dUdc quan tdm nghiin cUu nhiiu, vi thi khdng xudt Men mdt edeh triic diin dudi gdc dd mdt thudt ngU khoa hgc trong sdeh, hdo chuyin ngdnh. Trong phgm vi bdi vHt ndy, ehung tdi ehi xem xet, nghiin eUu vdn hod hdnh chinh tU hogt ddng cung edp dich vu hdnh ehinh cong.
Tiikhod: vdn hod hdnh chinh; dieh vu hdnh ehinh cdng
Abstract: Administrative culture was born very early, associated with the emergence of the administration in ancient time in the West and the East. However, in Vietnam, administrative culture has not been much researched and cared, so it does not appear directly in terms of a scientific term in specialized books and journals. Within the scope of this article, we only consider, study administrative culture from public administrative service.
Keywords: administrative culture; public administration service.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 18/01/2018 Ngdy sUa hdi: 08/02/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng:15/3/2018
1. Dich vu hanh chinh cdng va cac loai dich vu hanh chfnh edng
Djeb vu hanh chfnh cdng la mOt logi hinh dich vg cdng do d c ca quan hdnh chfnh nha nUdc thgc hiln d l phgc vg elc quyln v l nghia vg cd ban cua td chflc va cdng dan. Ndi edeh khdc, dich vg hinh ehfnh cdng Id nhflng hogt ddr^ phgc vg d e quyln v l nghia vu ed ban eua elc td chflc va edng din, do cic ca quan hinh chinh nha nfldc trflc tiep thflc hiln hole chuyen giao cho cae cd sd ngoli n b l nfldc thge hiln dfla vao thim quyen hinh chinh -
phap If eua nha nUdc.
Djch vg hanh ehfnh cdng d Vilt Nam gdm cd 5 logi hinh djch vg nhU sau:
Mdt la, cic hogt dOng d p d c loai giay phip cho elc td chflc, edng din d l thfla nhin vl mat phdp If quyln eua eae ehu t h i nay dflgc tiln hdnh mgt loai hogt dOng nao dd phfl hgp vdi d c quy dinh cua phap lult trong linh vflc dflrfc d p phep;
Hai Id, cic hogt ddng d p d c loai giay xae nhgn, chflng thfle nhfl edng ehdng, d p chflng minh thfl, d p giay khai sinh, khai tfl, d p giay
* TS, Hoc vien Hdnh chinh Qu6c gia
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dang ky kit hdn, d p blng lai xe, dang ky rad td, xe mdy, tau thuyin;
Ba Id,, d e hogt dOng d p gily dang kf kinh doanh v l chflng ehi hanh nghi;
Bdn Id, cic hogt dOng thu cic kholn ddng gdp vdo ngdn sleh v l cicquy eua n h i nflde;
Ndm Id, gidi quylt khilu ngi td d o cfla cdng dan vd xfl U cdc vi phgm hanh ehinh.
2. Vdi n i t v l thflc trang hogt dgng cung d p dich vg h i n h chfnh edng d Vi§t Nam
Trong nhflng nIm qua, Viet Nam dd cd nhflng nd lflc trong eli cleh hanh ehinh, nlng cao chit Iflgng cung flng djch vg hanh ehinh edng eho td ehfle v l cdng din. Cae phfldng tiln ky thugt dien tfl, tin hpc hiln dgi da dflde dau tfl va sfl dgng hilu qua trong vile cung d p djeb vu cho nhan dan nhfl hogt dOng d p giay dang kf kinh doanh, d p phdp dau tU, ding kf xe may, d p chflng minh thfl nhan din,...; td chflc dau thau cae dfl an ehi tieu edng; ra soat d l logi bd nhflng thu tge khdng cln thilt, rut ngan thdi gian cung flng djch vu. Tuy nhiln, b i n cgnh nhflng kit qua dgt dflgc, vide eung flng djeb vg hanh ehinh edng van edn mOt sd hgn ehe nhfl:
- Cle van b i n quy phgm phip ludt quy dinh v l thfl tuc h i n h chinh da cd nhilu d i tiln nhflng vln cdn rfldm rd, phflc tgp, ddi khi chdng ehio, khd hilu gly khd khan eho ngfldi eung flng djch vu ciing nhfl td chflc, edng din;
Quy trinh cung flng djch vg qua nhieu ting nac, sg cfla quyen, nhiing nhilu cfla mOt bg phln nhflng ngfldi tnlc tilp cung flng djch vg gly nhieu can trd ddi vdi hieu qui cua hogt dgng cung d p djch vu hinh chinh edng;
Cae thdng tin d n thiet ve thfl tuc eung
nhfl each thflc, quy ttinh thflc hi^n chfla thgc sfl cdng khai, minh bgeh, dge bilt 11 nhfing thdng tin Uln quan din quy hoach, dIt dai, tai nguyen,... Td chflc v l cdng dan edn gap nhieu khd khan khi tilp can thdng tin vd d e djch vg hanh chinh edng;
- Nhieu cd quan elp trin cdn dm ddm trong cung d p djch vg hanh ehinh cdng, sfl phln d p diln ra cdn chim;
Nang lflc, trinh dd chuyin mdn cung nhfl dao dflc cdng vg cfla nhfing ngfldi trflc tiep cung flng djch vg cdng edn nhieu hgn ehe, gly khd khan va mat niem tin cfla td ehfle, cdng dan.
3. Van hoa hanh chinh nhin ttf hogt d d i ^ cung cap dfch vu lianh chmh cong
Van hda h i n h chlnh 11 sfl kit hgp dgc thfl cfla d e kieu van hda tdn tgi trong d e ca quan hanh chfnh n h i nfldc, tgo thinh mgt kilu tilp can riing ddi vdi d e vln d l quyln Ifle, ddi vdi ddi tflgng phuc vg cfla h i thdng cdng vg va d c ddi tic khdc (thi trfldng, khu vflc tU nhdn, cic td chflc phi chinh phu..) trong cung d p dich vg cdng va dilu hinh xa hdi.
Van hod hdnh chinh faao ham d c md hinh nhgn thflc, kiln giai va hanh vi cfla edng chflc (ke ea edng ehfle lanh dgo) tfl phfldng diln ddi nOi (vdi d c ddng nghiip) v l ddi ngoai ( d c chfnh trj gia ddi lip, cdng din, phfldng tiln truyen thdng...).
Nhfl vly, theo quan dilm nay vln h o i hanh chfnh dflgc tilp can rOng cd trong nOi bd cua nen hanh chinh va d d e ddi tflgng chju tie dOng bdi n i n hanh ehfnh (fain ngoai). Trong ngi fad n i n hinh chfnh bao gdm cac mdi quan hi, quy tie flng xfl efla nen hdnh chfnh v l bin ngoai vdi ddi tflgng chiu tic dOng bdi d c hoat
88 I Tap chi Khoa h p c Npi vu
dOng cfla d c ca quan h i n h chfnh nhd nfldc.
Cd t h i thay, van hoa hanh ehfnh dflge t h i hiln trin nhilu phfldng di^n khae nhau, n l u trong nOi bO ed quan hinh chinh nhd nflde Id nhfing bilu hiln b i n ttong tbi vi|e eung d p djch vg cdng, nd tiie hi$n ca fain trong lln bin ngoli, t h | m ehi vile cung d p dieh vg cdng cdn t h i hien ca van h o i cd nhin, van h o i Iinh dao, van h o i eua d mOt nen hanh ehfnh n h i nfldc.
Van hoa hinh chinh la Iinh vflc rOng. Van hoi cfla mOt n i n hanh chinh n b l nfldc bao him d ylu td b i n trong vd b i n ngodi td chflc cdng. Nhin nhdn van hod hinh chinh tfl boat dOng cfla vile cung d p djch vg cdng vdi nhilu nOi dung, do nhilu cd quan, td ehfle ed thim quyln hole dflgc phep uy quyln thfle hiln.
Vile thflc hiln nd Uln quan din nhilu bO phln, nhilu ting nie khIc nhau tfl chinh sdeh cfla nhd nfldc quy dinh tham quyln, trinh til thflc hiln cho din can bd, edng ehfle thflc thi cdng vile dd, tham chi la mOt hogt ddng cung d p dich vu edng Uln quan din nhilu eg quan, ban nganh khae nhau. Chang hgn, vile d p giay phep hanh nghe y nd liln quan din cic ca quan chuyen mdn, lien quan din cd quan quan If n h i nfldc (Sd Y tl, UBND quan hoge huyln ndi phdng kinh doanh ddng trg sd).
Vi vly, vile xem xet van hoa hanh ehinh nhin tfl hogt dpng' cung d p djch vu hinh ehfnh edng rlt rdng, d dly chi xem xit trin mpt sd khfa egnh sau:
Thic nhdt, kit qud cUa viic cung cdp cdc dich vu hdnh chinh cdng
Kit qua cung d p d e dieh vu hanh chinh cdng, tflc la vile d p phep, eho phip efla nha
nflde ddi vdi d e td chflc, cl nhan ttong xa hdi thflc hien mOt sd boat ddng m l hoat dOng dd cd dem lai kit qui mong mudn cho x l hdi, cho ngfldi din hay khdng. Chang hgn, vile d p phip boat dOng kinh doanh thudc tin dflge cfla elc ed quan chflc nang. Nlu vi|c d p phip dung, d e td chflc, el nhin hogt dOng ed hilu qua, dfla lai Igi ieh eho ngfldi tieu dung hay ndi each khae cho edng din, khdng lira tdn hai d i n ngfldi din, dilu niy chflng td vile d p phip do ed kit qui vl hoat dOng kmh doanh dflng va ngflde lgi vile cip phip sai, vile kinh doanh khdng dflng, nd gly tdn hai din nhilu ngfldi dan trong xa hOi. VI nhfl vly, vile d p phep sai do xit v l lgi fch kinh t l nd Inh hfldng den lgi fch kinh t l cfla ngfldi din, den xa hOi. Ve mgt ehinh trj - xa hOi: nd Inh hfldng din uy tin cua mOt nen hdnh chinh nha nflde ve mat chfnh trj - xd hOi. Xit d khia canh van hda thi trflde hit dd Id bilu hiln cua van hda hanh chinh d cl hai khfa cgnh tich cflc va tidu eUc. Bdl nlu cln bd, edng chflc thay hanh vi eua minh II sai ma van lam, van d p phep, trflde hit 11 bilu hi?n vl mgt van hda, tiep den II ylu td dgo dflc nghi nghiip, dgo dfle efla ngfldi d n bO, cdng chflc.
Tha hai, xem xit tU trinh tU thd tuc eua viic cdp phep
Vi?e xem xet van hda d phfldng di$n trinh tg, thfl tge d p phep nd cd the xly ra d hai trfldng hgp. Mdt Id, nha nfldc ban hinh elc van ban quy djnh vl trinh tfl, thfl tuc d p phip nhflng d c quy dinh nay dflgc ban hinh ma ehfla dung, ehfla phu hgp vdi thfle t l din din cln bO, cdng chflc thflc thi nhiem vg chfla dung hoae 11 sai; hai Id, quy djnh eua
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nhd nfldc ve quy trinh, thfl tgc d p phdp dflng nhUng d n faO, cdng chflc thgc thi edng vg thgc hiln khdng dflng theo quy djnh. Thge te hiln nay, sau nhilu vg vile xly ra trong thdi gian gan day nhfl: vg vile "Cip ehgm gily chflng tfl d phudng Van Milu, qugn Ddng Da, Ha NOi" bay vg vile "Quin cafe xin chdo"
d huyln Bhih Chanh, TP Hd Chi Minh; vg vile "Tham mf vi$n Cat Tudng" d Ha Ngi, chflng ta cd the thly nhieu thfl tgc hinh ehinh quy djnh eho vile d p phip cdn rUdm ra, thgm chi thieu tinh thdng nhlt, vile phln d p trong thflc hiln ehUa rd, ehfla cd sfl kilm soat quy ttinh thflc hien mgt d c h khoa hgc.
Thfl nfia la tinh than, thai dg lam vile cua cln bd, edng ehfle thge hiln edng vile niy, qua vg vile "Tham my viln Cat Tfldng" d HI Ndi cho thay rd ring khdng cd gily phep hinh nghi nhflng Uy faan n h i n d i n qudn vln cap gily phip kinh doanh. Vdy, lilu d ddy cd t h i xit vl mat vln hda hdnh chinh thi chinh trdch nhilm cfla cdn faO, cdng chflc d dly thly sai nhflng vln thflc hiln. Suy cho din cung cd t h i cd nhilu vln d l liln quan nhfl dao dfle nghi nghiip, tinh chuyin nghiip trong thfle hiln edng vg, nhflng trflde hit xdt d khia canh van hda thi bieu hiln rd net nhat la thly khdng dung van efl d p giay phep thflc chat II da vi phgm van hda hinh chfnh trong thflc thi cdng vile cdng;
ThU ba, xem xit tU viic xdy dting cdc quy dinh cho viic thiic hiin hogt ddng cdp phip
Bi boat dOng eung elp d e djch vu hanh ehfnh cdng thflc hiln mOt cdch cd hilu qua thi vile xly dflng, ban hanh d e quy djnh cu till vl vile d p phdp mOt cdch ed chat lUdng, dieu do the hien ca v l mat ndi dung lln mat
hinh thflc. De d e quy djnh cd ehIt Ifldng ddi hdi ed quan, cl nhan trong qua trinh xly dgng van ban quy djnh can tiln h i n h nghiin eflu mgt cdch khoa hgc va nghiem tue, dgc biet la ttong qui tiinh thu thIp va xfl If thdng tin thgc te, thdng tin phan hdi. Bdi vi mOt ttong nhfing hgn ehe hiln nay ddi vdi vile xdy dflng d c quy dinh ve vi|e thflc hiln cung d p djch vu hdnh chinh cdng Id cle quy djnh khdng gan vdi thUe tl, edn nhilu m l u thuan, chdng chIo;
ThU tu, xem xet tU thdi dd, hdnh vi Ung xU cUa hogt ddng edp phep, eho phep vdgidi quyit cdc khieu ngi, khieu kien cua edng ddn vi vdn di hdnh chinh
Hinh vi, thii dO d dly raudn de egp din thii dd cfla cln bO. cdng chflc (d d p dO el nhin) v l thii dd cfla td chflc ddi vdi vln d l dd (d d p dd td chflc)
- Xet d gdc do td chflc, bao gdm ca d u td chflc, sap xip bd tri cdng vile ttong td chflc;
d c h thflc van hanh td ehfle. Nlu cd d u td chflc cdng kenh, khdng thflc chat, dilu do se gay tdn hgi din ngudn lflc cfla td chflc, ldng phf tiln bge v l die bilt la trilt tieu ddng lflc cua d e thanh viln trong td chflc. Vile sap xip bd trf cdng vile va cleh van hdnh td chflc, dieu ndy nd Udn quan den ngfldi lanh dao, quin ly trong td chflc nhilu hdn II ngfldi thfle thi.
- Xet dfldi gdc dg e l n h i n trong trong td chflc, tflc d n bd, edng ehfle thfle thi cdng vg.
Dilu nay t h i hiln d c l hai khia egnh: MOt 11, bieu hien d hdnh vi, flng xfl, thii dg, tdc phong lira viee nhfl ed vui ve, chdo hdi hay giii thich rd ring, hfldng d i n cho ngfldi din, khieh hIng khi din giao djch hay khdng; hai 11, bieu failn thii dg ben trong, dieu nay khd
90 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu
nhin thay va khd danh gia hdn, tflc ngfldi d n hd, edng chflc thly vln de dd, bO hd sd do khdng dung, khdng hdp If thi de nghi lam lai va khdng d p phep hay vi mdt If do ldi fch cl nhin nao dd, thay sai, khdng dung ma anh vln d p . Nhfl vay, cd the ndi thai dd, nhgn thfle, tinh than traeh nhilm cua edng chflc vdi edng vile, vdi ngfldi dan cung la mOt bilu hien van hda eua can bO, cdng chflc ddi vdi vile eung cap eac djch vg hanh chinh cdng.
4. Kit luan va khuyin ngtii
Ban ve van hod hinh chinh la mdt vln d l khd, nghien eflu, xem xet van hod hanh ehfnh tfl hogt dOng cung cap djch vu hanh ehfnh cdng tfldng nhfl ddn gian, rd rang nhUng tren thgc t l lai khdng de dang, fadi nd Uln quan den nhieu van de. Nd la mdt chuoi he thdng tfl tren xudng, tfl dfldi len, tfl b i n trong td chflc lan fain ngoai td ehfle. Bai viet nay chi la mOt thfl nghiim nghiin cflu bflde dau, thiet nghi d l hieu van hod hanh chfnh, chung ta can ed edi nhin bao quit trin nhieu gdc do khae nhau, ttong do khdng the khdng nghien cflu, xem xet nd d phfldng dien hogt ddng cung d p djch vg hanh chfnh cdng.
Van boa khdng phai la d i dl nlfln thly, die bilt ddi vdi van hoa hdnh ehinh lgi cang khd hdn. D l xly dilng dflgc van boa hanh ehfnh, thiet nghi cdn rat nhilu viec phai lam nhfliig trUdc hit d n phai lam dflde mdt sd vile sau:
- Phai cd sfl chuyin ddi tU duy tfl "quan If" sang "phgc vu" ma trUdc hit tfl n h i lanh dao, quan If, sau do den nhin thflc eua d n bd, cdng chflc. Ddi mdi ve chflc nang cua n h i nUde, ve nen hanh chinh phuc vg nhan dan, dam bao sfl tilp c|n dl dang cua nhin dan ddi vdi dich vu hanh chfnh edng;
- Nlng eao nang Ige chuyin mdn, dgo dfle cdng vu cua can fad, edng chflc;
- Hoan thien he thdng vln ban quy pham phap luat, bdi vi hien nay he thdng van ban phap luat Uln quan din cle hogt ddng eung flng dich vu edng cdn rfldm ra, phflc tgp, chdng cheo, tham chi khd hieu;
- Day mgnh phln cdng, phan d p trong d c hogt dOng cua d c cd quan hanh chinh edng, dge bilt 11 ttong cung flng dieh vg hanh chfnh
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1. Le Chi Mai (2006), Dich vu hdnh chinh cdng, Nxb Lf luan chinh trj.
2. Vu Anh Tuan "Vdn hoa hdnh chinh trong cdi each hdnh chinh hien nay" ,http://www.ndp.org.
vn/chinh_sach/van-hoa-hanh-chinh-trong-cai- cach-hanh-chinh-hien-nay/image/image_view_
fullscreen,
3. Viln nghiin cflu khoa hoc hanh chlnh (2009), "TU diin Thudt ngd hdnh chinh". Hi N6i.
4. Hoc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia (2017), Tap bai giang"Vfln hoa hdnh chinh" .
5. Trin Ngpc Th^m (1996), "Tim hiiu hdn sac van hda Viit Nam: Cdi nhin hi thong - logi /imh", Nxb Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
6. Tran Thi Thanh Thuy, "Vdn hoa td chUc vd mdt sd gidi phdp phdt triin van hoa cdng sd", Tgp chf To chdc Nha nUdc, s6 09/2006.
7. Tran Quoc VUdng (1996) (Chu bien), "Vdn hda hgc dgi cUdng vd cd sd Vdn hoa, Viet Nam".
Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi.
