TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 8 (192) 2014
G 6 M BINH DUaNG - MOT SAC THAI VAN HOA
C O A V U N G G 6 M NAM BO
N G U Y E N VAN T H O Y
Tren dat nw&c Viet Nam, trai dai tir Bac vao Nam cd nhieu trung tam san xuat do gom noi tieng phuc vu cuoc song eua ngw&i din. Vung dat Binh Dwang noi tieng cd nghe lim gom tCr cuoi the ky XIX. Trai qua gin hai the ky, nghe gom khdng chi cd mgt vai trd quan trong trong d&i song kinh ti cua dia phwang ma nd cdn gdp phan chO yiu tgo nen va xac Igp mgt sac thai van hda heng cua ddng gdm Nam Bo Viet Nam.
1. D 6 N G C H A Y G 6 M V I $ T N A M QUA CAC T H 6 ' I K t
- Do gom bang d i t nung
Theo cde tai lipu eua edc nhd khao co thi g6m xuat hipn tren dat nudc ta cdch ddy g i n m0t van nam, vdo thdi dgi do da mdi vd phdt trien mgnh vao thdi dai kim khi (khoang 4000 nam trudc). Tieu bilu cho nghp thudt gIm dat nung, thugc van hda tiln Ddng San, phai k l edc di ehf Phiing Nguyen, Dong Ddu, Gd Mun d khu vyc phia bae, cd cae di tich Long Thanh, Binh Chau thugc van hda Sa Huynh d miln Trung vd ede di tieh Cau Sat, Binh Da, Cu Lao Rua,... thugc vdn hda Dong Nai d miln Nam. TCr khi xuat hipn, do gom cd mgt trong mgi hogt dpng cua ddi song con ngudi. Gom duge sir dyng trong eupe song ddi thudng d l dun n l u , elt trCr luang thue vd nudc uong, Sau dd d l gIm cang di sdu vao ddi song eua eon ngudi vdi cde san pham nhu ggeh dk xdy nha, cdc con vgt nhu ga, Ign,...
d l Idm d l chai hogc de thyc hdnh ede nghi thirc tin ngudng tdn gido, r l i tiln Nguyin Van Thuy. Thpc sT. Ban Quan ly Di tich vd Danh thing tinh Binh Duang.
dan len nhung san pham gom cd dg khd, dp phuc tap cao han nhu phu dieu, tugng uyen uang, d i u ring, dau phugng gan tren cde edng trinh tdn gido nhu d i n thd, ehua hoac trang tri trong eac dinh thu, cdc eung dipn eua ting Idp tren trong xa hpi. D l gom cdn dugc ehl tde d l dung trong cde sinh hogt van hda tinh than nhu ehl tdc ra nhCrng d l dung sinh hogt my thuat. kilu cdch phyc vy nhu cau thudng thirc cua nhilu ting Idp trong xd hgi.
Tren viing dat Binh Duang hdng ngdn nam trude da cd con ngudi sinh song.
Khao CO hgc phat hipn rat nhilu di t i n van hda vat chat, trong dd ed nhilu d l dung bdng gom. CH cdc di ehi khao eo CCi Lao Rua, Doe Chua, Phil Chdnh... da tim thay hang ngan manh gom vd, nhilu binh, noi, vd, bdt bong... bang dit nung, chirng td tir xa xua nghe Idm gIm tren viing dat Binh Duang da ra ddi, phdt trien va djnh vj trong xa hgi (Biii Chi Hodng, 2009).
- D I sir hoa lam va dan sdc
Sau thdi ky do gom bang dit nung. ngudi Vipt da Idm ra cde ddng gIm eao d p han - ddng sir hoa lam (white and blue)
N G U Y E N V A N T H O Y - G O M BiNH DUONG - MOT S A C T H A I -
gIm dgn sae (monochrome) vd gdm men ngpc (celadon). Trong qua trinh phat triln cua gom sir Vipt Nam da xuat hien nhilu lang nghi lam gom truyln thong n i l tilng d mien Bac nhu gom Chu Dau (Hai Dugng) - day la mpt ddng gom tieu bilu eho gdm hoa lam cua nudc ta t h i ky XV- XVI va san pham eua nd khdng ehf eung irng eho thj trudng trong nude ma edn xuat khau sang mdt so nude nhu Nhdt Ban va mdt sd nude d Chdu Au*^'. Ngoai gom Chu Dau, gom Bdt Trang, gdm Phii Lang eung la nhCrng ddng gom sir ed vj tri tren thj trudng trong vd ngodi nude, mgt ddng gom da chuyin tai duge nhCrng gid tri van hda Viet vao trong tirng hinh dang san pham, mdu men vd trong cdc motif trang tri hoa van, dgc biet Id cdc hinh ve rong Viet thdi Ly, thdi Nguyen (Biii Van Vugng, 1997).
Tir vimg ddt khdi dung do gdm cd men cua dong bang Bac Bg tir sdm d i n mudn, ddng chay van hda trong gom Viet da lan tda rat mgnh vdo vung d i t duyen hai miln Trung. Tren tirng san pham gdm eua trung tam san xuat Gd Sdnh (Binh Djnh) chiing ta cd t h i nhan dipn gdm Viet qua kieu dang, mau men va ea nhCrng motif hoa van tren phan Idn san phdm dugc san xudt tai khu vuc ndy. Giai dogn mudn han eua s y lan tda nay edn cd ede trung tam san xudt do gom nhu do gom Thanh Ha, gom H u l d miln Trung.
O" Nam Bd, nghe lam gom men ra ddi nhCrng thap nien cudi the ky XIX vdi nhung trung tam san xuat nhu gdm Cay Mai, gom Dong Nai va gom Ldi Thieu - Thu Dau Mpt . Su ra ddi cua ddng gom Nam Bg ed sy ddng gdp quan trpng cua nhu'ng ngudi Hoa d i n tCr Quang Ddng,
Phuc Kiln, Trilu Chau.... (Huynh Nggc Trang, 2009).
Nghe gom phat trien d Binh Duang ed dygc la nhd nhCrng dieu kipn thugn lgi khach quan nhu vi tri dja ly, ngudn nguyen lieu doi dao ehit lugng eao vd mdt ddi ngu thg thu cdng, ca ngudi Hoa vd ngudi Vipt tam huyet vdi nghe.
2. G6IVI BiNH DLraNG - MOT SAC THAI V A N HC^A C C I A V O N G G 6 M NAM 8 0 Gdm Binh Duang mang sac thdi van hda eua vung Nam Bg, t h i hien tren nhilu khia egnh khac nhau eua qua trinh tao tae nhu kilu dang, mau men, hga tilt trang tri,... Sac thai van hda cua gom Binh Duang chinh la s y tich hgp cdc y l u to tren trong khi so sanh vdi eac vung gom khac tren eung mgt binh tuyln.
San pham vd tao dang san phdm la yeu cau ddu tien eua thj trudng tieu thy vd quylt djnh s u phat triln cua mgt ldng nghe. Nhu cdu tgi cho, nhu cau d\a phuang, nhu eau d cde thj trudng gan xa se quyet djnh nhCrng san pham ein dug'c san xuat. Nhung yeu cau trudc hit vdn Id tinh ban dja vd nhCrng san pham phai phu hgp vdi cudc song d viing dat Nam Bd.
Chang han. Nam Bp la vung dat sdng rach ehdng chjt, nhilu nudc ngpt nhung thilu nudc sgch. Nguon nudc sgch phy thupe vdo nudc mua thien nhien, duge con ngudi eat tru- tir miia mua vd su dyng trong mua khd. Nam Bg cdn ta vung nhieu cd tdm vd nguon thyc pham ndy cung doi ddo vdo mua mua thudng dugc cgng d i n g c u dan e h l bien va c i t trCr. Tir nhu cau elt trO- nude vd ed tdm...
rat Idn eua cgng dong c u dan vung Nam
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQl s6 8 (192) 2014 Bp, gom Binh Duang da dap irng nhCrng nhu c i u dd vd cae logi dd dyng eo dung tich Idn duge ra ddi, trd thdnh nhCrng san pham dgc dao cua gom Binh Duang phan dnh mgt sac thdi van hda dia phuang.
2,1. San pham gom Binh Duang trudc nam 1960
- Logi hinh dung d l cat trCr cd kich thudc Idn
+ Lu: tilng dja phuang gpi Id "mai", ngudi miln Tay ggi Id "ki0u", gIm cd nam loai, trong dd lu nhat la loai Idn nhdt, dyng duge khoang 200 lit nudc, cdn cac loai lu k l tilp theo thir ty cdng ve sau cdng nhd. Lu dung nudc duge ngudi ndng dan Nam Bp su" dyng pho biln trong gia dinh, cd hinh dang eao, thon, khdng ddy vdi mau vdng da bd, da luan, hoa van trang tri thudng Id hinh ring, phyng dap noi, khae noi tren xuang gom dudi men - mgt logi hinh diln hinh cua gom Nam Bp.
+ Khap: Khap id logi sdn pham nhd han Iu, khdng ed hoa van, chf dugc phu mdt ldp men mdu da bd hoac da luan. Khap cd ba cd nhd dan, cd hinh dang eung tuang ddi khac vdi lu. N l u lu ed phan mipng va d l nhd han phdn byng thi khap cd hinh dgng gdn nhu thon ddi, dudng kinh mieng, de va byng cd do chenh khdng ldn. Khap cung ed ehire nang elt trir luang thyc va thye pham.
+ Hu: Id logi ed kich thudc nhd han lu, mi^ng that, phii men ndu, men da luan.
Hu r i t da dgng v l kilu ddng, kich thude vd cd dg ddy mdng khdc nhau. Cd logi vai Idn, thdnh mipng dirng, gd mipng bing, cd ba tai hinh budm nhd gan tren vai vd cQng cd logi hu khdng gan tai.
Ngodi ra. cdn cd logi hu nd ra giua than.
nhin mgt cat dge gan gidng hinh thoi, loai nay phu men mau. Hu thudng dung de dung Ri-gu, nudc mam, mat...
- Logi hinh dung trong sinh hogt:
+ Binh xdch nudc: Ndng dan Nam Bg thieh uIng nude Ignh ndn mdi gia dinh d i u cd binh dung nudc. trdng men trang ve mdu lam hinh phong eanh, hoa chim.
+ Chen an cam: Chen an cam ve hinh con gd tren nen men trang, thudng gpi Id Chen eon gd. Id san pham noi tilng tir nam 1930 vd eung la mgt san phim ddc trung cua gdm Binh Duang.
+ Chde: la loai hu dyng ruau, bung to, than thon, dimg d l cung d p cho cae dan tge d Tdy Nguyen, dien hinh nhat Id loai chde ed nap hinh bdn d u iip, mieng chde hai loe ra, dfnh nap cd hinh bao chau trdn, giong nhu kim khdi cua cae tudng sT, nen duge gpi Id "tudng quan qudn", hay loai chde rugu d n trang tri hoa vdn khae vach tren nln men nau.
+ DTa eon ca: DTa trang men trong, cd hinh ve mdu xanh den mgt eon ea byng to, vdi hai cgng rau, nam giCra may cong rong. Chung quanh mipng dTa ed mpt vdng hoi van sdng nudc, id san pham dep duoc nhilu ngudl ua chudng.
+ Am che: ngudi dan Nam Bd thieh dung am de uong che tuai. Am thudng dugc trdng men trong ve hinh hoa. Id.
+ Lu huang: thudng duge trang men trang, men nga, trang tri hoa ciic, ehu' thipn, + Binh eu tdi: binh ed dang hinh eu tdi vdi CO hinh ong thu nhd, vuan eao len rat thanh nha thugn Igi eho vipc rdt nudc hay rugu. Ddy cDng la logi san phim ddc bipt cua gom Binh Duang.
NGUYEN VAN THOY - G O M BINH DUaNG - MQT SAC THAI-
Tren day Id nhQ'ng san pham tieu bilu, rieng cd cua gom Binh Duang, mdi loai san pham deu dam net sac thai gom Binh Duang trong giai doan dau hinh thanh va phat trien. NhCrng san pham giai doan nay ehu y l u bat nguon tir nhu d u eua eupe sing va ludn mang dgm chat ddn gian, t h i hipn net ddc ddo cua van hda dja phuang Nam Bd.
San pham gom Binh Duang trong giai doan ndy cd net ddy dan. khde khoan, trang tri bdng phuang phap in ndi hoae khae ehim vdi nhu'ng dudng net phdng khoang, sac thdi binh d|, khdng hoa my.
nhung vdn khdng kem phan duyen dang.
Cac loai men su dung thugng ed gam mdu sdm, tieu bieu Id mdu vdng da iuan, da bd vd mau man chin dam. G i m Binh Duang da trd nen quen thugc trong tdm thire cua ngudi ddn Nam Bd tir nhCrng thap nien dau t h i ky XX .
2.2. San pham tieu bieu tir nam 1960 - 1975
De dap irng nhu d u ngdy cdng nhilu va edng eao cua xa hdi, cua thj trudng trong va ngodi nude, gIm Binh Dugng giai doan nay da phdt trien nhilu loai hinh san pham, nhu gom sir dan dyng, gom sir my nghp xuit khdu, gom sir phyc vu cdng nghipp va gom su' phuc vu xdy dung - vp sinh.
San pham gom Binh Duang giai dogn ndy da dang han bdi cdc ea sd lam gom da nhgy ben tiep can eae ky thugt Idm gom hien dai eiia the gidi, nhu su dyng:
ban xoay, in khudn, in khudn ea-lip, do rdt trong tgo hinh san pham va cdc ky thugt trang tri nhu ehgm, dap nii, eat ddn, ehgm Igng vd td ve men mdu.
Men va ky thugt trdng men cung cd nhQ'ng budc t i l n nhay vpt. Cac nghp nhan da nghien ciru sang c h i ra nhilu loai men t i t nhu men gia co, men thach dyng vdi eac mau xanh reu, xanh, xanh chdi bac, den bac, ndu... Cac logi men ndy cung vdi cdch tgo dang, chim men, ve hoa van trang tri... dd tao nen cac san pham gdm giong nhu cac tac pham my thuat, dugc khach hang trong vd ngodi nudc ua chudng. Dge bipt vao nam dau tien cua thap nien 1970, nghp nhan Ly Ngpe Minh da nghien ciru vd ehl tao thdnh cdng loai men ehay. Caeh dung men mdu chay d l trang tri hoa van Id bude nhay vpt ve ky thugt va nghp thu|t d giai dogn nay, nd khac phye dUQic vipc san pham bj bong, bay mdu d giai doan trudc.
- Logi hinh gom tieu bieu dung trong trang tri
+ Binh hoa: cd cdc binh vira va nhd dung de cam hoa hoac binh Idn diing de trang tri. Day Id mat hang truyln thong cua gom Binh Duang, trang tri "mai, lan, ciie, triic"; canh sdng niii, eanh dong rugng, sdng nude thanh binh hope ve rong phugng... thudng sir dyng men tinh t h i tao nen dam may tren nen trdi xanh hay dam lyc binh trdi theo ddng nudc...
+ Ddn voi: la mat hang truyln thing duge nhilu Id san xuit, chat lugng bin dpp; cd nhilu loai kich cd khac nhau, cd the de hien nha, sdn vudn. Kieu dang vd hga tiet trang tri tren than vol dugc Idm ky ludng, dang doi, mdu sac hai hda;
phin Idn sir dung men Nggc Thgeh, logi men mdu pha e h l va bo tri hai hda, hinh anh sinh dpng: rua Ign ddy nudc, rong tranh ngpc lugn miia, chuin chuin, chim
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 8 (192) 2014 chdc gidn tren mgt h i sen... cd loai ddn voi dung mau g l c xanh, do, tim, vdng...
tao nen mau g I m rue rd mang ve binh dj vd chac chan.
Ddn vol dugc san xuat vdi nhilu kich thude khdc nhau, chu y l u d l trang tri nhung cung diing lam g h i ngii. Cd bdn g h i ddn voi vdi mat ban trang tri nhieu vdng trdn hoa van dong tam, hoa Id. men tran ldng d i n g chat tCr mgt bdn d i n de chdn, mua nang khdng lam phai mau.
Ddn voi vd bO ban ghe ddn voi Id nhu'ng mgt hdng md khdch trong vd ngoai nude rit ua ehuOng. Hipn nay du da qua gan mgt t h i ky nhung nudc men, vd nhu-ng mang san trdn eae san phim nay vdn edn giCr nguyen mdu sae va sy sinh dgng.
Bg bdn ddn voi cung Id san pham dac bipt cua gIm Binh Duang.
+ Chgu kilng (chau canh): Ld loai de trong cdc logi cay canh, cd nhilu kich cd, hinh dang, nhilu mdu sac khdc nhau, noi tilng Id xanh cd-ban. Hoa van tren chdu kieng ehu y l u la hinh khac chim vd ve dudi men. San pham nay cung Id mot net neng dpc ddo cua gom Binh Duang va duge thj trudng ua chugng.
+ Tugng: san pham nay kha da dgng d l phuc vy nhu d u tin ngudng cua ngudi Nam B0: Phgt Thich Ca, Quan dm Bo tat, eae vi La han, dng Dja, Than tai, tugng Thdnh, Chua, Dire Mp dong trinh, tugng NQ' than, tugng Phudc Lgc Thg... Tugng cd t h i dung de thd trong chua, nhd thd hay trong gia dinh, mgt ngodi thudng dap n i i hinh hoa Id, bdt biru, chQ' thg, ehQ* phudc vd phu men ngu sac hogc m0t mdu xanh lye.
Ngodi tugng thin, tugng Phgt, Binh Duang cdn cd cac san phim tugng
ngudi nhu tugng ngudi phy nQ" thdn que vdi ve dpp ddn hdu, tugng ed gai dge saeh, danh dan, tugng phg nu* ba miln mang ve dpp eua ngudi Vipt Nam.
Cdn c6 tugng dpng v|t vdi cae eon vdt gan gui trong ddi sing eon ngudi nhu:
meo mudp dang rinh ehugt, chd d i m nam ma mang hoac ngoi canh cu-a, eon nai vdng, gd, vjt, ngdng, ngya, chim, cd... Cdc san pham ndy nham mue dieh trang tri ngi ngoai that. Dac bipt gdm cdn ed tugng cdc con vgt song dudi nudc nhu: cd, I c h , tdm, cua... d l trang tri cho edc b l canh, non bg.
+ Gom xdy dung: thudng ggp nhat la khudn bdng thdng gid hinh hoa chanh, try lan ean hinh binh hoa, dugc trdng men mau xanh lyc trang tri trong ede nha CO, dinh, chiia d Binh Duang vd cdc vung khdc d Nam Bg.
2.3. San phim tieu bilu tu nam 1975 d i n nay
- Logi hinh san phim tieu bilu Sau ndm 1975, dii cd nhu-ng luc thang tram, nhung tir thdp nien 90 eua t h i ky XX, gom Binh Duang da ed nhCrng budc nhay vgt trong cdng nghp san xuat Cd the ndi day la viing san xuat gIm di d i u trong ca nude ve eai tiln cdng nghp.
Gom Binh Duang giai dogn ndy phdn djnh thdnh hai ddng san pham ehu ylu, tuang irng vdi hai thdi ky noi tilp nhau:
+ Ddng san pham gom pho thdng tiep noi thanh cdng trong cdc giai dogn trudc nam 1975, dap irng nhu d u tieu diing ciia ngudi dan trong nude (1975 -1990).
+ Ddng san pham cao d p dugc thilt k l mau bang edng nghp vi tinh, su dyng cdc logi men mdi dugc cae nghp nhdn
NGUYEN VAN THOY - G O M BINH DUONG - MOT SACTHAI...
sang ehe thanh cdng nhu (tinh t h i , men nga, men mau do, men xanh lam Hue, men xanh thien thanh va men nggc) (1990-2014).
Trong giai doan 1990 - 1994, gom sir Binh Dugng da dat den trinh dp my thudt cao, dp dyng ky thuat hipn dgi, san xudt nhieu logi gom, nhu gdm sir dyng trong ky thuat cdng nghipp nhu (gom each dipn, gdm ehju nhiet, d u kien); gdm my thugt (tugng gdm, phii dieu gom, tranh ghep gom); gom gia dyng, gom kiln triic, gom trang tri kiln triic nhu ngdi, con Ign, eon tien gom,... (Sd Van hda, T h i thao vd Du ljch tinh Binh Duang - Thu vien tmh Binh Duang, 2010).
Thdnh tyu quan trgng nhat trong giai dogn ndy Id viee e h l tao thanh cdng mpt so san phdm my nghp t h i hipn trinh dp my thuat va ky thudt cao, truyln thong Idng nghi vd net rieng cd ciia nghi gom Binh Duang, trong dd tieu bilu Id cdc san pham nhu San Ha, Cam TO, Cup APEC. Ddy Id nhu'ng san pham gdm sir dpc dao, duge trang tri mau sae, hoa van, kilu dang van hda Viet Nam va sir dyng ky thudt nung nguyen khoi, duge diing d l tang cho cdc vj nguyen thu quoc gia trong Hpi nghj APEC d Viet Nam (Sd Van hda, T h i thao va Du Ijeh tinh Binh Duang Thu vipn tmh Binh Duang, 2010).
Chile cup Hdn Viet, trang tri nhirng danh lam thang eanh eua Viet Nam tren nen men xanh, nhu Chiia Mgt Cdt, d u The Hue, d i n Ngpe San, vjnh Ha Long, cay eau, edy dira, xe ngua, eanh gat liia, eheo thuyin, ehiim hoa sir; chen Van Lang dugc sir dyng ky thuat ve mdu tren sir, td ve canh tri: hpp chg, edy cuoc, hdt
tde... binh dj eOa ngudi Vipt. San pham Quoc binh Thing Long da dua hoa van chim hac tren trong dong Ngpc LQ vao san pham, them vao eac hinh anh IQy tre, xdm lang Bac bo, canh ed que huang, edu be chan trau thdi sao, ed gdi tat nude, thay do day hgc...
Cdn cd cdc bp san pham tugng nam-nu- cua dgi gia dinh 54 dan tgc Vipt Nam, bg tugng thilu nCr ba mien Bae-Trung-Nam, ede bp tugng the hien tinh m i u tCr, tinh ban, tinh eha con, dng chau, tinh thay trd... deu dpp, quang ba y nghTa ljch su vd van hda, truyen thdng dan tgc.
NhCrng san pham nghp thuat cao cap duge eac nghe nhan sdng c h i trong giai dogn nay la nhCrng nd luc r i t Idn t h i hipn su tim toi, sang tao va ea sy kidn tri thue hipn. D l ed dugc mgt san pham ra ddi, thdi gian phai dugc tinh bang nam chir khdng phai tinh bang thang, ngdy.
Su phat triln eua gom sir nghp thugt cao d p khdng chi la nilm t y hao cua rieng gom sir Binh Duang, ma cdn tu hao chung cua gom sir Viet Nam, khang dinh thuang hieu gom sir Viet Nam tren thuang trudng the gidi.
- Men va mau sac
Gom Binh Duang trong cac giai doan trudc da t h i hipn mdu sae rat phong phu, thudng su dung eae logi men mau tir chat lieu trong thien nhien. NhQ'ng loai men nhp lira, nhilu mdu, tuai sdng, hIn nhien nhu mau xanh lam, xanh id edy, xanh ddm... dem Igi ve dep sang trpng lung linh; mdu da luan, mdu ndu da bd, mdu ndu man chin mang ve dpp binh dj vd chac chan.
Sang giai dogn nay ngodi nhCrng mau men truyln thing dge trung rieng eua
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOI s6 8 (192) 2014 g I m Binh Duang, nhat Id nhCrng gam mdu toi su- dyng chat lipu da ong Bien Hda, nganh gIm sir cua dja phuang da dgt duge nhu-ng thanh tyu quan trgng v l ehl tgo men. Dac biet nghp nhdn Ly Nggc Minh da sang tao cae logi men mdu do cung dinh tren bp San Ha va mdu xanh vua tren bp Cam Tii,...
- v l hoa van va d l tai trang tri Hoa van vd chu d l trang tri eua gom Binh Duang trong giai doan ndy van gan vdi edc chu d l truyln thong nhu: Thien nhidn (eanh may trdi, sdng nudc, Idng que...). Sinh hogt cua cu dan sau IQy tre Idng (egu be chan trdu thoi sdo, dng thay do dgy hgc, di edu, thd ludi, cheo thuyin, dng gia, tre con, ngudi danh ed, me bing eon, cdy da chii eugi, cudi ngua, bdn cung...). Ddng vgt (ca, gd. tdm, dai, huau, nai, ca vdng, ed chep, ehim), trong dd gd vd ed la hai con vgt dugc trang tri nhilu nhat. Thao mgc (hoa mau dan.
hoa Id, hoa dieu, hoa diep, lien dp, eum hoa Id, eay chuoi, cay tre, lan, lyu, bui chuoi, bd hoa, khdm cd, bd giau...).
Truyln thuylt Ijch sir ddn tdc (Au Ca-Lae Long Qudn, Hai Bd Trung, Lye Van Tien, Tinh m i u tu-, Phat Bd Quan T h i Am...).
Do an hinh hgc (anh hudng cua trang tri phuang Tay) hoae dgng chu' Han dugc thyc hipn mgt cdch tf mi, d n than.
Tuy nhien, hipn nay chii d l trang tri tren d l gom khdng chf bdt nguon tir cam nhgn v l thien nhien. con ngudi. mang dau an cQa vQng dat - eon ngudi Nam Bg md gIm Binh Duang da md rgng vdi mgt khdng gian van hda Vipt rpng han nhu hinh tugng ring Ly, ehua Mgt Cgt, Ho Guam, QuIe Tu' Gidm, ehua Thien My...
dugc trang tri tren nhQ'ng san pham gIm
sQ- tieu bilu, chuyen tai cdc gia trj van hda Vipt d i n nhilu nai trong vd ngoai nudc.
3. G O M BiNH DLraNG - N H A N THl>C GlA TR! VAN HOA
Trai qua han 150 nam hinh thanh vd phdt triln, gdm Binh Duang da trai qua nhilu budc thang trim d l ton tgi vd khang dinh. Nhu-ng san pham dau tien duac e h l tdc nguyen mau hope md phdng nhu-ng san phdm eua gom d Nam Trung Hoa (Quang Ddng, Phuc Kiln, Trilu Chau), md nhu-ng ngudi luu ddn thg thu cdng thdi phan Thanh phue Minh mang d i n dat Binh Duang.
Tu- mgt so Id gom hinh thanh vdo cuoi t h i ky XIX, vdi nhCrng loai hinh san pham dan gian phyc vu nhu d u d mpt vung dan eu nhd, gom Binh Duang dan dan khang djnh vj tri cua minh vdi su ra ddi cua hang tram Id san xuat do gIm trong ba lang nghi Idn d Lai Thieu, Chdnh NghTa vd Tdn Phudc Khanh.
San pham ban dau eua gom Binh Duang cQng Id cdc do dung dan gian nhu tho, chgu, lu, hu,... trdng nhCrng loai men mdu ndu den, mdu da luan, vd td, bat, chen, dTa... trdng men trang xanh, vdl ehu d l trang tri Id cdc diln tich, dien eo thudng diing trong eae do sir Trung Hoa nhu mdu dan, mai, lan, cue, triic; cd chep vugt vu mdn; long, lan, quy, phyng; bat tien qua hai...
Qua qud trinh phat triln gom Binh Duang dan thodt ly cdc anh hudng cua gom Trung Quoc. Ngudi thg gom Binh Duang da ldy hinh anh cuge song hang ngay tren vung dat Nam Bg de tai hipn tren do gom. Tir kilu dang, mau men, hga tilt den ca nhu-ng hinh the cua gom
NGUYEN VAN THOY - G O M BINH DUONG - MQT SACTHAI...
deu mang dam net dung dj, mdc mac eua lang que, nai nhCrng ngudi thg sinh ra vd Idn len. Cd t h i ndi hg da nhao nan, td len san pham nhu-ng net ve bang nhCrng cam xiic thye tir cuge sdng eua vung sdng nudc Nam Bg. Tuy nhien, nhCrng trang tri tren gom lal cd nhu-ng net dae trung rieng ii-ng vdi moi thdi ky eua van hda xa hdi.
Trong t i l n trinh phdt triln, gom su- Binh Duang ddn hinh thanh nhCrng san pham tieu bieu cua rieng minh nhu nhQ'ng chen bang gom trang tri hinh con gd-bui ehuoi ngdy nay Id mgt di vgt cd gia trj cao dugc cdc nha suu tgp do gom Binh Duang tran trgng, hoac nhirng choe rugu d n eua cdc ddn tpc it ngudi d Tdy Nguyen.
Cdng nghp mdi cung de sang tao ciia nghp nhdn hipn nay tilp tye thiet k l nhilu mdu ma san pham dep, sang tgo nhieu logi men mdi; va u'ng dyng thanh cdng cdng nghe ve mau d nhipt dg dat d i n 1,380°C. Hoa van ve tren san pham chim dudi Idp men tgo cho san phdm cd chieu sdu cua khdng gian ba chilu nen trdng rat song dgng. Nghp thuat trang tri
gom si> cao d p ve bang tay, phoi hgp mau men, do nung cao cho ra ddi san pham bdng dep. Nhd edng nghp nay nhQ'ng dudng net ve tay cua nghp nhdn tren ddc san pham cdn nguyen vpn, su djch ehuyin eua mau sac cd dp bdng, tao ra khdng gian ba chieu nen eac hinh anh van hda Vipt nhu h i Guam, rong Ly, chua Thien Mu, Quoc Tu- Giam, ddi mat thilu nu- long lanh, nhu-ng cdnh hoa tuai, con vat trd nen d i y mdu sac va song dgng tren eae san phdm gom su, tao nen mpt lira san pham tieu bieu mdi cua gom Binh Duang.
Cd le khd so sdnh gom Binh Duang vdi eae lang nghi gom khdc tren ca nudc, nhung vdi nhCrng gi ma gom Binh Duang da khang djnh duac trong qud khir vd nhCrng san pham gia tri eao ngay hdm nay, trd thdnh nhu-ng thuang hipu duac ua chugng tren thj trudng ngi dja va qudc te, cd t h i ndi gom Binh Duang that s y da tgo nen mdt dac trung rieng, phan anh sac thdi van hda dgc biet cua vung gom Nam Bd: dung dj, edi md, sang tao vd hudng tdi hipn dgi. • CHO THiCH
'''Nam 1997-1999. Vi^t Nam da khai quat mgt con tau dam chd khoang 240.000 san pham gom Chu Dau ra thj trudng quoc te h\ chim tai Cii Lao Cham cua tinh Quang Nam.
T A I L i e u TRiCH D A N
1. Bui Chi Hodng. 2009. Binh Dwang va nhwng vin di khio c6 hgc tiin sCr. Thong tin Khoa hgc Ljch sir Binh D u a n g , so 9.
2. Bui Van V u g n g . 2002. Ling nghi thu cdng truyin thing Viet Nam. Hd Ngi: Nxb. Van hda- Thdng tin.
3. Huynh Nggc Trang (chu bien). 2009. Gdm Lai Thieu. T P H C M : Bao tang My thupt TPHCM.
4. S d Van hda, The thao va Du ljch tinh Binh D u a n g - T h u vien tinh Binh D u a n g . 2010. Thw mgc gdm s u Binh Dwang. Binh D u a n g .
