VE XAY DUNG VAN HOA, CON NGUOI VIET NAM

righien ciiu - Trao doi

T a p chf C^ng sdn

VE XAY DUNG VAN HOA, CON NGUOI VIET NAM

VU NGOC HOANG*

Nghi Ruy^t Hdi nghi Trung uong 9 khda XI dd xdc dinh vdn hda Id nen tdng tinh thdn vimg chdc cua xd hdi. Id sue mgnh npi sinh quan trpng eua ddt nudc. Xdy dimg vdn hda vd con ngudi Viet Nam dang Id vdn M hue thiet duac dot ra di ddp ung yeu chu xdy dung vd bdo ve vung chdc Td qude, vi muc tieu ddn gidu, nudc mgnh, ddn chu, cdng bdng, vdn minh.

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AN hda Id phgm tni thugc vi eon ngudi, eiia con ngudi, loai ngudi, do eon ngudi sdng tgo ra, vi cudc sdng va sy phdt Gidn, hodn thidn eua chinh minh, ldm cho eon ngudi trd thanh Ngudi, lam cho eon ngudi trd ndn Ngudi hon. Id tinh ngudi, ehit ngudi. Mue tidu va ngi dung cdt ldi quan trgng nhdt Gong xay dung vdn hda la xdy dyng con ngudi - nhdn each.

Vdn hda va con ngudi Id hai mat cua cGng mdt vdn de. Myc tidu quan trgng nhdt cua van hda Id eon ngudi. Myc tieu quan trgng nhit cua vdn dd con ngudi la van hda.

Khi ta ndi din nin vdn hda la ndi vd cai to ldn, vT md, nhung van cdn tniu tugng.

Trong cai vT md dy, nhat thidt phai cd, phai xuyen suit, diu tidn va cudi cung, phdn cdt loi quan trgng nhat ciia vdn hda. Id con ngudi, tung con ngudi, tiing eude ddi, nhGng con ngudi, vdi nhan each cya hg.

Cgng nhiiu ngudi lgi, vdi quan he xd hdi cua hg vdi nhau, thanh mdt dan tgc, mdt xa hdi. Dd danh gia van hda thi ndo thi quan Ggng nhdt la xem thu con ngudi vdi nhdn cdch, dao due xd hdi ra sao.

TG khi nudc ta tidn hdnh ddi mdi den nay, vd vdn hda vd con ngudi, Vidt Nam da cd nhiiu mat tiin bg dang ki. Ddi sdng vat chit va tinh than eiia nhan dan cd nhieu mat khd ban trudc; giao due phdt trien mgnh ve

quy md, sd lugng, mang ludi, trinh dp hpc vdn eua nhdn ddn cao hon, da pho cap trung hpc CO sd vd xda mii chu Gen todn qude; con ngudi ngay cdng tiep can nhidu hon vdi cac ngudn thdng tin da dang vd nhieu chieu, tii dd md kidn thue va nhdn thGc nhieu mat da dugc nang len. Van de con ngudi va quyen con ngudi dugc quan tdm ban, the hidn cd trong Cuong linh, trong Hidn phdp vd ludt phdp. Ddn chu ed nhGng mat tien bd dang ke do nhdn thGc ciia cac cap va Ginh dp dan Gi dugc ndng ldn, chiu sy tac ddng cua thdng tin. Tinh than yeu nudc, tinh thdn dan tdc ca ban dugc giG vGng; cdc phong Gao xda ddi, gidm ngheo, "udng nudc nhd ngudn", den on dap nghia, nhdn dao, tG thien, xdy dyng ddi sdng vdn hda d eo sd... dat nhung kdt qua dang ghi nhan; cdc an phdm van hgc nghe thudt cd phdt trien vd so lugng, quy md phat hdnh, phong phu ve de tdi va phuong thGc thd hidn...

Tuy nhien, dieu dang lo nggi nhat la dao dGc xa hdi cd nhidu mat xudng cdp. Gong do, ed mat nghiem Gpng dang bdo ddng.

Tieu eye vd tdi pham gia tdng. Ngn cudp ciia giet ngudi, ham hiep va budn ban phu nG, Ge em; sy gid ddi, IGa gat, hang gid, thude ehGa

* TS, Uy vien Trung ucmg Dang, Pho Tnitmg ban Thiiong tnic Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong

S6 866 (thang 12 nam 2014) 57

Nghien a m - Trao dd'i T p p chf C 6 n g sdn b?nh gia, thyc phdm dde hai; budn ban ma

tiiy, phd riing, dd chit dde hgi ra mdi trudng, tdi pham Id phy nu vd Ge em tang len. Nan tham nhung chua dugc ddy liii ma cd mat con phuc tgp vd nghiem Ggng hon, gdy nhue nhdi, mdc du Dang vd Nhd nudc da cd nhiiu chii truang vd mdy nam gdn day quyet liet hon Gong chi dao cy thi nhdm ngdn ehdn td nan nay. Vide chay chuc, chay quyen, chgy tgi, chgy dy dn, "van hda phong hi"...

khd phd bidn. Kinh ti thj trudng cdn nhiiu hoang da, chyp gidt. Cac bieu hidn "lgi ich nhdm", liing doan kinh te rdt ddng lo nggi, gidng nhu tinh hinh d nhieu nudc Gong thdi k^ tich liiy tu ban, dieu ndy neu khdng kjp thdi ngan chdn mgt cdch hidu qua, de phdt triin thi sd chech hudng khdi myc tieu xa hgi chii nghia vd lam cho ddt nudc liin sdu Gong "bdy thu nhdp trung binh" md rdi se mdt nhieu chye nam de vimg vay thoat ra.

Mdt bg phan khdng nhd cdn bd, ddng vien hi thoai hda. Gong do cd ca can bd trung, cao edp. Cdc td nan tieu eye xdy ra d hau het cde linh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, ke ca d nhung noi dang ra phdi ludn Gang nghiem, Gong sgch (nhu noi ndm cdn cdn cong ly, bdo ve phdp ludt, noi day ngudi, noi cuu ngudi, noi truyin bd cdc gid tri nhdn van, noi tham muu cap chien lugc, ncri thidng lieng vi tdm linh, tin ngudng, thd ty).

Tinh Gang dgo dGc xa hdi sa siit ed nhiiu nguyen nhdn. Rdt ddng luu y Id he gid Gj bj ddo Ign vi vj tri, thang bdc. Nhdn cdch dang ra phai ludn d vi tri hdng ddu, trung tdm thi Gong nhidu trudng hgp da xudng hdng thG yiu, sang ben cgnh, trong khi ding tiin lai ldn ngdi, chi phdi nhieu mat, nhiiu viec. Vi tien, con ngudi ta da vi phgm dao dGc, ki cd lam viec dc. Nhung vi sao ma he gia trj lai bj ddo ldn? Duong nhien cd ly do tG mat Gdi ciia CO chd thi trudng, nhung khdng thi di ldi cho CO chd dy, bdi vi nd la vdy, cd nhiiu mdt tich eye, tgo ddng lye phdt Giin, sy lua chpn CO chd thi trudng la dung, vd cd mdt si

mat tieu eye can phai phdng Ganh. Khuyit diim dang luu y la khi budc vao kinh ti thj trudng, chiing ta chua ludng hit sy phiic tgp, tdc hgi vd nhat la chua cd giai phap hiiu hieu chu dgng phdng Ganh de han chi tdc hgi bdi mat Gai ciia ca ehe ay. Ndi each khac, chua tgo ra dugc nhung ca ehe qudn Iy hiiu hieu dk han chd tac hai bdi mgt Gai cua ca chi thj trudng. Mat khdc, sy tdc dpng tut mat Gdi ciia eo ehe thi trudng lgi trong diiu kidn Ddng ta cam quyen, cdn bp, ddng vien nhiiu ngudi cd quyen lye, dugc giao quan ly tdi nguyen, tai san, tdi chinh, dy dn va cac mat quan Ggng cua ddi sdng xd hdi, md ban than quyen lye vdi mat trai cua nd la lam thodi hda con ngudi khi sG dyng nd ndu nhu khdng ed eo ehd tdt dd kidm sodt quydn luc, de lya chgn cdn bd cd "dGc Ggng" mdi giao

"quyen cao", dd giam sat nhdn edeh nhGng ngudi cd chGc, cd quyen, du ldn, du nhd.

Khuyet diem Gong ldnh dao, qudn ly, sy tac dpng tG mgt trai cua co chd thj trudng cpng hudng vdi mat trai ciia ca chd quyin lye nhu

"hai con ngya bat kham". Gong khi ca ehe qudn ly, giam sdt, kiem soat cdn nhieu so hd, khidm khuyet; vi?c tu ren luyen nhdn cdch eua tGng ngudi khdng thudng xuyen lidn tyc, khdng guang mau, tuc Id chua dii dp chin vd van hda; va kd ed khuyit diem trong gido dye dgo due, lidm si. Gong lya chpn, bd tri vd sG dung edn bd.

Dd khde phue tinh hinh ndi Gen, tdi day, vide trudc tien Id tiip tyc nhgn thGc sdu hon tdm quan trgng dgc biet cua vdn hda, dao dGc trong ddi sdng xd hgi. Gong xdy dyng he thdng chinh tri. Dgi van hao Mdc-xim Godc-ki da ed ldn ndi, ddi vdi dng, khi nghe ndi van hda lam nguy cdn ddng sg hon la Td quoc lam nguy. Ve tam sau xa, dng noi dung. Neu Td qude lam nguy ma van hda cdn ben vGng thi ngudi ta se giu dugc Td qude, lay lgi dugc Td quoc khi dd mat; con neu van hda ldm nguy thi chdng nhGng mit Td qude ma cdn mdt cd ddn tgc.

58 S6 866 (hang 12 nam 2014)

Nghien ciiu - Trao ddi T p p chf C ^ n g s d n Nhin lgi cae triiu dai phong kidn Vidt Nam

tiidy rdng, phdn ldn cde triiu dgi khi mdi len dugc nhan dan ung hd, lap dugc nhiiu cdng tich ldn, cd y nghia lich su, nhimg sau dd khdng Idu thi suy thoai vd van hda, dao due Gong ddi ngy quan chuc va Gong triiu dinh, ddn ddn syp dd. Tiip theo, Gidu dai khae len tiiay rdi cung i^p lgi nhu vdy. Mdi khi thodi hda dgo dGc trong ddi ngu quan lai thi ddn ddn dao due xd hdi suy ddi. Gat ty xd hdi rdi ren. Mdt nGa sd triiu dai phong kiin chi tdn tai trdn dudi vai chye nam, rdi syp dd ngay Gong ddi vua thu nhat, thu nhi. Nha Ly va nhd Trdn tri vi dai nhdt, mdi triiu dai Gen dudi 200 nam, la nhd bidt cham lo xdy dyng vdn hda Gong chinh tri "dan la gdc"; mdc du vdy, cudi cung cung do thodi hda ma suy syp. Lidn Xd, thdi ky ddu, xdy dyng chinh quyen cua dan, dugc nhdn ddn ung hd, dd ldm nen nhieu vi?c ldn lao, nhu chien thang 14 nudc de quoc den bao vay khi chinh quyen Xd-viet cdn non Ge, chien thdng chu nghia phat-xit cuu nhan logi khdi thdm hga diet chiing, dua mpt dat nudc tG ehu yiu edn la ndng nghidp thdnh mdt nudc cdng nghiep hGng manh; tu mpt nudc chu ydu cdn la thu edng thanh mgt nudc cd cdng nghiep vu try hang ddu the gidi Vgy md, giai dogn sau, da di thodi hda, tu mdt nha nudc ciia dan thanh nha nudc cua cac quan cai tri tham nhiing, din din dd vd. Sy do ngd cua Lien Xd chu yiu la do "tii dd" chu khdng phdi djch pha. Djch thi bao gid ma chdng pha, do nd phd nen mdi ggi la djch. Nhung djch pha sao bdng eac thdi ky trudc do? Phd Id viec cua dich, cdn dd la vigc cua ta. Mat trdi ciia ca chd quydn lye ludn song hanh, ludn bdm theo Gong mdi budc di tG luc da thdnh cdng. Khi chien thdng den dinh cao thi cung la luc bdt ddu thua. Khi da cd Gong tay tit ed thi cung la luc bat dau mdt din. Bdi hgc ljch su la, cac nha nudc cua vua va tap dodn phong kiin, nhd nudc cua cdc quan cai tri, nha nudc do cdc tgp doan tdi phiet chi phdi

eudi cimg do thoai hda bdi mat Gai cua co chd quyen lyc md dd ngd (tat nhidn cdn cd ea ly do tG quy ludt phdt trien). Chi cd nha nudc eua dan, that sy eua dan, mpi quyen lye ddu eua dan, thi mdi ben vung Idu ddi, vi ddn la van dgi, viec bao ve vd phuc vu nhdn dan thi luc ndo Cling can thidt.

Nghj quydt Hdi nghj Trung uang 9 khda XI ve van hda da nhan manh vdn de cdt ldi, trung tdm cua xdy dyng van hda Id xdy dyng eon ngudi cd nhdn cdeh, dao dGc ldi sdng tdt dep. Tinh than ay the hien xuyen sudt Gong Nghj quyet, tG ten gpi den mye tieu, quan diem, nhiem vu vd gidi phap. Ddy la didm cdn dgc biet luu y de ludn bam chae muc tidu chii ydu Gong qud Ginh xdy dyng vdn hda. Nen van hda la cdi to ldn, nhung cung se chua cd nghia gi neu nhu trong do van de eon ngudi - nhdn cdch khdng dugc quan tdm diing mGc, dd cho dgo dGc suy ddi. Cdng khdng the hieu sai rang vdn hda la ehuydn "cd, den, ken, Gdng", "nhay miia, hat hd", la cai di sau, "cdi dudi" ciia kinh ti.

Con ngudi Viet Nam phdi la nhihig con ngudi yeu nudc. Trong xdy dung vdn hda cdn quan tdm thudng xuyen viec xdy ddp long yeu nude, tinh than dan tpc. Nhd dac diem nay ciia vdn hda Viet Nam ma chiing ta da giu dugc nudc, lay lai dugc nudc sau bao nhieu lan bi ke thu manh han ta rit nhieu den xdm lugc va dd hd; nhd do ma ehung ta khdng bj ddng hda qua mpt nghin nam Bdc thupc. Ngay nay eung cdn phai ldy tinh than yeu nudc, tinh thdn dan tde ldm bdn dap va chd dya dd tidn len, phdt triin.

Trong the gidi hdi nhdp, vdi eugc tiip biin van hda d quy md toan cau, ehi cd phdt triin mdi tdn tgi chinh minh - mpt dan tgc thyc sy dgc lap.

Con ngudi Viet Nam phai cd ldng nhdn di. Trong qua khu, ngudi Vidt Nam da biit yeu thuang, dum bpc nhau, nhit la m6i khi cd khd khan, sdng gid, hogn ngn. Trong tuang lai, de cd mgt xa hdi that sy tdt dep So 866 (thang 12 nam 2014) 59

Nghien cmi - Trao ddi T a p chf C ^ n g sdn nhu mong mudn cua Bae Hd, eiia Ddng yd

nhdn ddn ta, long nhdn di cung se la nen tdng quan Ggng nhdt cho sy tdt dep ay Gong ddi sdng xa hdi.

Con ngudi Viet Nam phdi Id nhimg con ngudi sang tao. Xua nay, ta thdy con ngudi Viet Nam dd thich nghi, cd sang kien, nhung ben cgnh dd lai ed mat bao thii, chua di den eung trong cdng cudc sang tgo dd phat Gidn.

Didm manh nhat ciia van hda Viet Nam Id vdn hda giu nudc. Diem ehua manh (ndu khdng mudn ndi Id diem ydu) la van hda phdt trien. Thyc te da kidm nghiem dieu dd. Ddn tde ta Gong nhGng hoan cdnh hdt sGc khd khan da giG nude rdt kidn cudng va thdnh edng; mat khdc, lich su Vidt Nam khdng chi cd chidn Ganh ma con co nhieu thdi ky xdy dyng hoa binh, nhung din nay my ddt nudc da ra khdi tinh Ggng kem phat tridn, budc vdo nhdm nudc cd thu nhdp trung binh, song rdt vdt va Gong qua trinh phdt Gidn. Timg con ngudi Viet Nam phai phat triin, mdt dan tdc Viet Nam phdi phdt trien, do la muc tieu quan Ggng nhdt eiia xay dyng vdn hda. Mudn phat triin dugc thi phdi ddi mdi, phdi sdng tao, lien tyc, khdng ngGng, nhdt thiit phdi nhu vdy, khdng cd each khac.

Van hda Id nhiing gid tri that. Gong cudc song thyc. Benh hinh thuc, bdnh thdnh tich, sy gid ddi khdng bao gid tgo ra dugc cac gid trj vdn hda, ma ngugc lgi nd lam hdng van hda. Con ngudi Viet Nam phai Id nhirng eon ngudi trung thyc, cd ty Ggng, biit xdu hd vdi cha dng, vdi ddng bao ddng chi, va vdi chinh minh. Con ngudi Viet Nam ydu nudc, nhan ai, trung thyc, sang tao... la ede dgc tinh rat quan Ggng da ndu Gong Nghi quyit cua Trung uong.

Mdi trudng vdn hda la nai con ngudi sdng va chju su tdc ddng cua nd Gong qua trinh hinh thanh nhdn each. Gia dinh, cdng ddng, vdn hda Gong kinh td, van hda trong chinh tri cd vai trd hit sGc quan trgng ddi

vdi vide xdy dyng nhdn each. Cdn phai co nhiing gia dinh hieu hgc vd chide ndi nudi duong nhdn cdch. Cdn phdi cd mgt nin kinh te phdt tridn bdn vGng, lanh manh, hidu qua, trong do nhOng ngudi lao dOng dugc tdn trgng, khdng bj phdn hda giau ngheo bit hgp ly, khdng bi "lgi ich nhdm"

(theo nghia xdu) chi phdi, cd ca chd quan ly tien tien, dii sGc han ehi "yeu qudi" tii mat Gai ciia ca chd thj trudng. Cdn cd mdt nen chinh trj dan chu dam ban sde vdn hda

"ddn Id gdc", trong do dan that sy Id chu, ldm chu, quyen lyc la ciia nhdn dan, can bg la nhGng ngudi het ldng hdt sGc phyc vy nhan dan, kinh trgng vd Id phdp vai nhdn ddn; cd co ehe kiem soat quyin lyc du mgnh de hgn chd mat trdi ciia "con ngya bit kham". Dd la didm quan trgng nhdt vi xdy dyng van hda chinh tr;. Khdng thyc hidn thdnh cdng didu dd thi khdng thd c6 chii nghia xa hpi hien thyc dugc, du ehung ta cd viit, cd hd khiu hieu nghin ldn. Mdi trudng vdn hda tdt dep Id mdt mdi trudng md khi tiep can vdi nd, sdng trong do, con ngudi ta se tdt hon len, trudng thanh, hoan thidn va hanh phiic hon. Mpt nin vdn hda tdt dep do eon ngudi tao ra va din lugt nd se la mgt mdi tnrdng van hda khdng Id tde ddng trd lgi tao ra nhung eon ngudi co nhdn cdch tdt dep. Hdi nghi Trung uong 5 khda VIII dd cd chu truang xdy dyng mdt nin van hda Viet Nam "tien tiin, dgm da ban sdc ddn tdc". Ki thGa va tiip tyc phdt tridn tinh thin iy, Hdi nghj Trung uong 9 khda XI da luu y cdc dac trung ciia mgt nin vdn hda Viet Nam la dan tdc, nhdn vdn, dan chu vd khoa hgc. Ddn tgc ta nhdt quyit phdi phdt triin va phdi la Vi?t Nam;

vdi mdt ndn van hda giau tinh nhan van di Gong do con ngudi dep hon vd dugc hanh phiic; vdi mgt chi dO dan chu di dn djnh bdn vung vd cd sue manh tiin ldn; vdi mdt nen khoa hgc phat Giin di dan tgc cd thi tiin cung thdi dai.

60 So 866 (thang 12 nam 2014)

Nghien cihi - Trao ddi T a p <hf C d n g s d n Hogt ddng van hda la hogt ddng cua con

ngudi nhdm phdt triin, sang tao, luu giu vd truydn ba cdc gia tri nhdn van, "Chdn - Thien - My". Ndu hoat dgng kinh ti ehu yeu la nhdm tgo ra thu nhdp thi hogt ddng van hda chu ydu Id nham tao ra gia tri nhan van. Cac boat ddng van hda cd vai Gd hit sGc quan trgng ddi vdi vi?c xay dung con ngudi, hinh thanh nhdn cdch. Trung uang ciing da cd Nghj quyet vd ddi mdi can ban vd toan di?n gido dye - dao tao. Theo do, phai chuyen nen giao dye tu ehii ydu la truyin thy kien thGc sang xay dyng nhan each, phdt trien nang luc; phat Gidn mdt ndn gido due md, gan vdi xa hdi hpc tap. Day la quan didm ddi mdi rat quan Gpng va diing hudng, phu hgp vdi xu the khach quan. Phdn ldn nhdn each cua con ngudi dugc hinh thdnh d giai doan dau ddi, trong tudi hgc sinh, sau ndy ldn len se tiep tuc bd sung, hoan thien, nhung vd eo ban da ed nen tdng trudc do. Vi vdy, vi^c xdy dyng nhdn cdch quan Ggng vd hieu qud nhdt Id d lua tudi hgc trd, nen gido due la viec Ggng yiu trong xay dyng van hda. Nhan each phai la mue tieu hang diu Gong eac ehuong Ginh gido dye phd thdng, cdn dugc the hien d tat cd cdc mdn hgc, nhat la khoa hgc xa hdi.

Trong eac hogt dgng vdn hda, van hgc nghd thugt la bd phdn tinh ti nhdt, la con dudng ngdn nhit de den vdi Gai tim; la con dudng di cd thi vdo sdu vd danh thuc nhGng tam hdn. Vdo sau va d lgi, biin thdnh cua ngudi dd, gdp phdn tryc tiip hoac dgn "sdn vudn" cho vide hinh thdnh vd phdt tridn nhan each. Ydu ciu ddi vdi cac logi hinh van hgc nghd thugt la tgo ra va lan tda cac gid tri nhdn van. Quyen sdeh, bai hat, ban nhac, mgt chuang Ginh san khau, mdt buc Ganh, mdt Id hdi... la quan trgng, tuy nhien, dd mdi la san phdm "trung gian", cdn sdn phdm cudi ciing, myc dieh cao nhat la nd tac ddng tich cue eho vi?c xdy dyng nhan each, thdng qua ndi dung va ngh$ thudt la hai mat

eua Cling mdt vdn de, deu quan Ggng nhu nhau, tgo ra tri tue, dgo dGc, ndng luc vd lam phong phii tdm hdn.

Thdng tin truyin thdng ciing Id mdt loai hogt ddng van hda, vGa dap Gng nhu cdu thdng tin eua con ngudi, vGa tham gia xdy dung nhdn each thdng qua viec phdt hidn, tdn vinh, lam lan tda cdc gid trj nhdn vdn vd ldn dn, ed lap, loai trG cai xau, edi dc.

Vdn hgc nghe thugt vd thdng tin truydn thdng deu phdi cd Gdch nhiem chien ddu de ehdng lgi cdi xdu, cai dc nhu Nguydn Dinh Chiiu da vidt "Chd bao nhidu dao thuydn khdng khdm; ddm may thdng gian biit chdng td". TrG gian la de tdi dgo, de tao dieu kidn cho cai tdt, cdi dep, cdi thidn dam chdi phdt triin, gidng nhu diet cd dgi de liia triu hat cho ddi, chu khdng phdi Id sy dap pha gdy dd nga. Nhd van vGa Id thu ky thdi dgi, vGa la ky su tam hdn, phan anh hien thuc vdi long nhdn di, la "thdy thude" chGa cdc chGng bdnh thoai hda nhdn each eho edng ddng, la ngudi thdp ldn nggn dudc de tham gia soi dudng vd vdi nhdn van. Neu van hgc, dien anh, sdn khdu, thdng tin truydn thdng va du ludn xd hgi khdng cdn tinh chidn ddu chdng lai cai xau, cdi de thi ca thd xd hdi mat sGc de khang - can bdnh the ky ma loai ngudi dang phdng tranh va chgy chGa.

Dde diim cua loai lao ddng Gen linh vyc vdn hgc nghe thudt mang dam dau dn eiia ca nhdn ngudi nghd si vd tinh sang tgo eao.

Ddi vdi khoa hgc ty nhidn, neu mdt nhd bdc hgc ndo dd khdng phdt minh ra edng thuc ay thi sau do, ed the rdt Idu, cd the lam cham rdt nhieu ddi vdi sy phat trien cua ndn vdn minh nhdn logi, nhung ehac ehan rdi se cd mdt nha bae hgc khdc phat minh ra cdng thuc ay. Cdn khdng cd Nguyen Du, khdng CO Lep Tdn-xtdi thi nhdn logi mai mai khdng cd "Truyen Kieu", khdng cd "Chien tranh vd hoa binh". Vi vdy, tdn Ggng sy ty do va tdn vinh sdng tao ciia ngudi nghe si chinh la tao diiu kien cho cac kiet tac ra ddi. •

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