KHOA HOC CdNG N G H l
/ K E T Q U A IVGHIEIXI CLIU V E DIIXIH DUOIXIG, SIIXIH TRUOIXIG V A SIIXIH T H A I CLIA RAIXI HiOIXIG -
XEMOPELTES LUMICOLOR R E I I X I W A R D T , 1 8 2 7 TROIXIG D I E U KIEIXI IXIUOI
Hodng Thi Nghigp^
T6MTAT
Bai bio niy cong hd nhiing ket qua nghifin cihi v^ dinh duong, sinh ftirong va sinh tiiai cua rdn Mong - Xenopeltis u/i/co/orReinwardt, 1827 trong di^u kien nuoi tai xa Khanh Hung, huyen Vinh Hung, tinh Long An. Qua trinh nudi thir nghifim duoc hen hanh tir tiiang 1 nam 2013 den thang 4 nam 2014. Ket qua cho thay thiic an Ciia ran Mdng - Xenopeltis umco/o/-Reinwardt, 1827 la loai thuc an tum song nhir chuat, ga con, ca ro, ech, nhai, coc, c6n triing va dc, trong do thiic an ua thich la chuot, ga con va ca ro. Hieu suat tang truong khoi lugng va chi^u dai ciia rdn Mdng tang nhanh nhat vao giai doan 1 (vao tuan thii 5 den tudn thii 17 trong qud trinh nuOi) vbi ti le khdi Immg la 0,12%, ciiieu dai la 0,045%. Day cOng la giai doan co tdng hifiu suat tang tmong ciia khdi luong co th^ lon hon tdng hieu suat tang truang cua chieu dai co th^. Rdn Mdng hoat dong nhi4u nhdt la vao ban dem voi tan sd hoat ddng len den 72,73% (nhiet dd 25''C va do am la 92%). Nhifit dd thich hpp cho ran hoat dpng trong chudng nuoi la 25 - SO^C, do am 75 - 95%.
Tii Wi6a: Rin Mdng, dinh duvng, sinh tnrdng, sinh thai, thuc in.
1. Ma BAU
Rdn Mdng - Xenopeltis unicolor Reinwardt, 1827 id lodi khd phd hi^n 6" viing dong hdng song Ctru Long thufic Hp rdn Mong (Xenopeltidae), Bo Co vay (Squamata), L6p Bo sdt (Reptiha), Phan nganh Dong vat cd xirong sdng [3]. Ten dia phuang thuang goi la rdn Hd hdnh, loai nay rat pho bien a viing dong hdng sdng Ctiu Long [3]. Theo ngiroi dan trong vung, rdn Mdng CO thit rdt thom va ngon n§n duac nhieu nguai ueu dijng ua thich, nhiing mon an nhu: Chao rdn Hd hdnh, rdn H6 hdnh hdm sa, rdn Ho hdnh nuang sa te Id nhung mdn an dug«c xep vao dang "dac biet" trong thuc don cua nhung nha hdng, trong viing. Do thuc t€ ndy n6n chiing dang ndm trong so nhiing loai rdn hi san hat ngdy cang nhieu de phuc vii nhu can heu thu hang ngdy vd xuat Ichau.
Nhdm ddp ling nhu cdu thi tnrong, dong thdi gop phdn hao ve nguon dong vat hoang da thi cong tdc gay gidng, nhin nuoi loai ran Mong la rat cdn thi^t Ddng bdng song Cuu Ij3ng la vung c6 nhiet do trung hmh 25 - SO^'C va do am cao fren 75% [5].
Nhiing di^u ki^n tir nhi^n nay rat thich hop cho cac lodi dOng v^t ua am, ua nhi$t, trong do co cac loai rdn. B&n cgnh do nguon thiic an trong tiJ nhien cho rdn Mdng nhu chupt, ^ch, nhdi, coc ciing rat phong phli. Thioc ddy, Hodng Thi Nghiep da hen hanh nghi&n cuu vd nuoi thu nghidm thanh cong mo hinh nudi rdn Ri voi, hudc ddu dem lai loi nhuan cho nguoi
Trudng D^ hpc Dong Thap
nu6i trong viing [4]. Do do vide nghi&n cuu dac diem ve dinh duong, sinh truang va smh thai ciia rdn Mong trong dieu kien nuoi nhdm cung cdp nhung tu heu khoa hpc de gop phan xay dimg quy trinh nuoi hoan chinh de phd bien them mpt ngh^ nuoi rdn ldm kinh te va nang cao dai sdng cua nguoi dan trong vung Id viec ldm rat c6 y nghia.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP N O n Ctiu 2.L Vat h^u nghifin cihi
Nghien cuu nay duoc tien hanh tii thdng 1 nam 2013 den thang 4 nam 2014. Tien hanh nuoi thii nghiem 44 cd the rdn Mong theo quy mo hp gia dinh tai xa Khdnh Hung, huyen Vinh Hung, tinh Long An.
Chuong nuoi cd dien tich 15,5 m^ (dai 5 m, ngang 3,5 m, cao 1,5 m), dam hao anh sang ngdy va dem tuong tu nhu ngoai tu nhien. Chuong nuoi duac xay bdng gach dng vd nen duoc ldt xi - mSng. N4n cua chuong dupc trai cdc lop theo thii tu tir dudi l^n:
Lop xi mang a duoi cimg den lop dat day khoang 10 cm. Cuoi Cling la lop hon hop bao gom tro trau, xa dira, id muc Od muc thuong duoc su dung la Id dira nuoc duoc diing de Ipp mdi nha) dugc phu len be mat cua nen chuong. Lop hon hpp ndy giup da rdn khong bi trdy xuoc trong qud trinh nuoi. Xung quanh thanh chuong, duoc gan nhiing tam thi^t, dat du ra vao phia trong chudng khoang 30 cm, de ngin khong cho rdn bo ra ngoai. Phia tren chuong (each chu6ng 1,5 m), dupc lap mot tam luai de trdnh dnh ndng chieu thdng true tiep vdo chuong nuoi. Dpc theo phia ben trai ciia thdnh chuong he thong phun nuoc dupc
95
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
7^%=
lap dat de giir do dm cua chuong luon dupc on dinh, nhat Id vdo nhiing ngdy ndng nong.
2.2. Phuong phdp nghi&n cihi 2.2.1. Nghidn cuu ve dinh dudng
Tliii nghiem cac loai thiic an khac nhau dua tren nghien ciiu trudc do cua Hoang Thi Nghiep [2] de xac dinh loai thiic an ua thich ciia rdn, dong thai can khoi lupng thiic an m6i ldn cho vao chu6ng nudi trong 1 tuan va tinh lupng thiic an can thi^t cho khoi lupng rdn nuoi trong chuong.
2.2.2. Nghien cuu ve sinh trwng
can khdi lupng cofhe va do chieu dai toan than dinh ki 1 lan/ thdng.
+ Hieu suat tang trudng tuong doi cua chieu dai coth6 (RL%) duoc tinh theo Nguyin Diic Luong [1]:
2
Trong do; Lji chieu dai CO the do olan tnrdc; Lg:
chi^u dai co the do d lan tiep theo.
+ Hieu suat tang truang tuong doi ciia khoi lupng CO the (Rp%) dupc tinh theo Nguyen Diic Luong [1]:
P -P R %=12—1L
^ + ^ 2
Trong do: Pi: khoi lupng ca the do d lan trudc;
Pa: khoi luong ca the do d ldn tiep theo.
2.2.3. Nghidn cuu vehoatddng
Diing nhiet am ke (Anymetre) theo doi nhiet dp, am do trong ngay cua chuong nuoi, dong thdi theo doi cdc hoat dpng cua rdn. Sau do phan tich, thong ke so lieu ghi nhan dupc tii do dua ra ket luan ve dieu kien sinh thai thich hop cho rdn hoat ddng.
3 . KET QUA NGHEU CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Dac di^m v6 dinh duong cua ran Mdng Dua tren thanh phdn thiic an tim duoc d da day ciia rdn Mong tu nhien da dupc nghien ciiu tii trudc [2], tien hanh thu nghiem cac loai thiic an khac nhau va nhan thay rdn Mdng an tdt ca cac loai thiic an dupc dua vao chudng nuoi gdm: Chuot, ga con, ca ro, ech, nhdi, cdc, dc, cdn triing. Trong do thiic an ua thich nhdt ciia rdn Mdng la ga con, chuot va ca rd.
Khdi luong thiic an cung cap cho rdn Mdng trong 1 tuan chi6m khoang 9% khdi luang cua dan rdn dupc nudi trong chudng.
Thdi gian san mdi cua rdn Mdng la vao ban dem, liic mat ti-di, khi ma khdng khi tinh lang. Sau khi phat hien ra con mdi, nd ndm yen, bat dpng de quan
sat con moi, khi con moi khdng chii y, n i luong Meh that nhanh, lao tdi con moi, dimg toan bd chi^u ddi CO the quan chat lay con moi. Sau khi xac dinh dupc con moi da khdng cdn siic de chay thoat dupc, chiing mdi tha con mdi ra va tii tii nudt con moi.
3.2. D$c di^m smh truong ciia rdn Mdng 3.2.1. Sir tang trudng tuong ddi cua khdi lupng cathe
Tien hanh nghidn ciiu su tang trudng v^ kh6i lupng cua rdn Mdng trong 29 tuan nudi. Sau dd xac dinh hieu suat tang tnidng tuong ddi ciia khoi luong ca the rdn Mdng va thu dupc ket qua d bang 1 nhu sau:
Bang 1. Hi6u sudt tang tnrdng tuong ddi ciia khdi lupng eg the rdn Mdng T u ^
5 13 17 21 25 29
Khoi luan M 167,04 185,02 209,55 213,3 235,05 252,1
g tnmg binh (gam) Min
55 90 130 115 138 142
lUax 320,00 342,03 375,00 387,00 405,05 427,20
Rp(%) 0,06 0,10 0,12 0,02 0,10 0,07 Ghichu:^ (khoi luong trung binh tinh bkiggam), Ri% (hiiu suit tang truong iuong doi cua khoi hrong ca thi). Max (gia tii tdi da). Mm (gia tii toi thiiu).
Bi^u do 1. Hieu suat tang truong tuong doi cua khA lugng CO t h i r i n M6ng
Bang 1 va bleu do 1 cho thay hieu mit Bng truong khoi luong cua rdn deu tang trong 29 tuan nuoi nhung khong &bi giua cac tuan voi nhau. Hi$n suat tang truong tuong doi cua khoi Iu<;ng co th^
tang dan til tuan nuoi thii 5 den tuan nuoi thii 17. C\) the la hieu suat tang truong tuong doi cua tuan nuoi thii 5 la 0,06%, d & tuan nuoi thii 13 la 0,1% (tang 0,04%) va tuin nuoi thii 17 la 0,12% (tang 0,02% so vii tuan nuoi thii 13). Sau do, hieu suat tSng trucmg tuong doi cua co the lai giam trong tuan nuoi thii 21 96
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/20U
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt (giam to 0,12% xudng cdn 0,02%). Qua hidn nuoi thii
25 hieu sudt t ^ g trudng cua co thg lai tang Ien to 0,0296 ten 0,1% (tang 0,08%). Qua hep tudn nudi thii 29 hifiu sudt tang tnrdng fcii giam to 0,1% xudng 0,07%
(gika 0,03%). Trong dd hi$u suat tang tnrong nhanh nhat vao tuan nudi thii 17 (voi hidu suat tang trudng tuong ddi la 0,12%) va t h ^ nhdt la tuan nudi thii 21 (vdi hi§u sudt tang trudng toong ddi la 0,02%).
Nguyfin nhan su tang khdng d^u la do nhiing todn (tudn 17) cd n h i ^ ca th^ rdn tich tru chat dmh dudng trong co th^ d^ chudn hi cho qud trinh I6t xac.
Cdn nhirng tuan (todn 21) khdi lupng ca the giam do rdn bo an trong qud trinh ldt xac va thdi tiet khdng phii hpp cho hoat ddng san mdi cua ran.
3.2.2. Su tang tnrdng tuang ddi cua chiSu dii ca Old
Nghien ciiu hifiu suat tang tnrdng tuong ddi cua chi^u ddi co t h i ciia rdn Mdng trong 29 toan nudi thu dupc kit qua nhu sau:
Bang 2. Hi^u sudt tang trudng tuong ddi ciia chi^u ddi c a thg rdn Mdng
TuSn 5 13 17 21 25 29
Chilu dai trung binh (mm) X
707,5 732,7 762,6 797,7 822 834,5
Min 550,0 585,2 600,0 610,0 660,0 670,0
Max 870,0 905,0 930,0 935,5 955,6 972,3
RL(%) 0,020 0,035 0,04 0,045 0,030 0,05 Ghi chii: X (jg so do chieu dii tnmg binh, don vi mm), Pi% (hidu sui't tang trudng tuong ddi cua chi4u dai CO thi). Max (gii tri tdi da), Min (gii tri tdi tiudu).
0.06 005 f 0.04
•g 0.03 2 002 0.01
0
- /
10
-J0^i\ /
•^033 XJ
--
20 30 T D I D
—
40 1 BiAi d6 2. Hi$u su^t tang hudng tuong ddi cua chi^u
ddi CO t h i rdn Mdng
Bilu dd 2 cho thay su tang trudng ciia chi^u ddi thdn chfinh lech nhau khdng toiilu. Chfinh lech cao
nhat Id 0,02% (tudn 25-29), chfinh lech thap nhat Id 0,005% (tiidn 13 -17 va tiidn 17 - 21).
Bang 2 va bilu dd 2 cho thay hifiu suat tang trudng cua chilu dai than tang manh vao todn 5 - 21 vdi toeu suat tang tmdng 0,02% - 0,045% vd hidn 25 - 29 vdi toeu suat tang tnidng 0,03% - 0,05%. Cu thi: to todn 5 din todn 13 hifiu suat tang hirdng cua chilu ddi than tang to 0,02% lfin 0,035% (tang 0,015%); to tiian 13 din 17 tang to 0,035% den 0,04% (tang 0,005%); to tuan 17 den todn 21 tang to 0,04% den 0,045% (tang 0,005%); to todn 25 den tiian 29 tang to 0,03% den 0,05% (tang 0,02%). Trong dd hifiu sudt tang trudng chilu ddi than tang manh nhat Id vdo toan nudi 29 vdi 0,05%. Ddi vdi todn nudi to 21 den todn nudi 25, hifiu suat tang tnrdng chieu ddi than giam to 0,045% xudng 0,03% (giam 0,015%). Nguyen nhan Id do d cac toan nay thdi tilt thich hpp cho hoat ddng san moi nfin rdn tang tnrdng nhanh. Hifiu suat tang cham vao todn 13 - 17 va tudn 17 - 21 vdi hifiu suat tang trudng 0,005%. Nguyfin nhan Id do to tuan 13 den tuan 17 ca the chil ylu tap trung phdt triln khdi luang va tudn 17 - 21 rdn da trai qua qua trinh lot xac nfin chieu ddi dupc tang len. Cdn d tudn 21 - 25 do thdi tiet khdng thich hpp nfin rdn ngimg ho^t ddng san moi nfin su tang tnrdng cung chSm lai.
3.2.3. Tuang quan gida hidu sudt ting truong cua chidu dii vi khdi Iuang
Tu ket qua nghien ciiu d bang 1 va bang 2 ta thay giua hifiu suat tang trudng cua chieu dai than vd hieu suat tang trudng theo khdi lupng cd mdi tuong quan vdi nhau. Tuong quan giira hifiu sudt tang trudng ciia chilu dai vd khdi lupng co thi dupc thi hien qua bieu do 3.
0.14 , 012 1 0.1 _J0.08 ,
|o.06 0.04 D02 D '
0 0 0 6 /
002
10 0.12
*"/\
Jb
'O 0.1
' 0 05 J t 0 3 /
30 40
Bilu dd 3. Tuong quan giua hifiu sudt tang tnrdng ciia chilu ddi va khdi lupng rdn Mdng
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
Dua vao bieu do 3 cd t h i chia thanh 4 giai doan:
giai doan 1: todn 5 - 17; giai doan 2: todn 17 - 21; giai doan 3: toan 21 - 25; giai doan 4: toan 25 - 29.
- Giai doan 1: Vao tuan 5 - 17 toeu suat tang trudng khdi lupng tang nhanh to 0,06% din 0,12%, cao nhat la 0,12% vdo toan nudi 17 va tofiu sudt tang trudng ctolu dai than ciing tang dan to 0,02% d toan 5 b 0,04% din toan 17. Nguyen nhan Id vao toan 5 -17 cd nhilu cd t h i tich trir nang lupng, chat dinh dudng d l chuan hi lot xdc vd thdi tilt ttoch hpp cho vide san mdi, vi vay rdn tang nhanh ve khdi lupng ddng thdi ctolu dai than ciing tang lfin.
- Giai doan 2: Tii tuan 17 din 21 Meu suat tang trudng khdi lupng giam nhanh to 0,12% xudng 0,02%
(giam 0,1%) do trong giai doan nay rdn dang trai qua qud trinh lot xdc vd bd an mdt thai gian, nen hifiu suat tang trudng ctolu dai than tang rat cham 0,04% - 0,045% (tang 0,005%).
Bang 3. Sd lupng cd t h i hoat dpng
- Giai doan 3: T u toan 21 d i n 25 tofiu suat tang tnrdng khdi lupng tang to 0,02% d i n 0,1% (tang 0,08%), toeu suat tang tnrdng ctoeu dai giam tii 0,045% xudng 0,03% (gidm 0,015%). Do thdi gian n^y rdn da hoan thdnh qua trinh ldt xdc nfin tap trung tim Idem thiic an d l tang trudng khdi lupng bii lai ph^
nang lupng da tidu hao va ctolu dai khdng tang trudng ntolu.
- Giai doan 4: Vao toan 25 - 29, rdn tap trung tang tiiidng ntolu v l kich thudc (tang to 0,03% lfin 0,0590.
3.3. Ho^t ddng cua ran Mdng trong dilu ki^
nudi
Dtoig ntoet dm k l d l do nhifit dp va am dp hong chudng nudi, ddng thdi quan sdt cac hoat ddng ciia ran Mdng, chung tdi thu dupc k i t qua hoat ddng ciia ran Mong d hang 3.
Iheo ntofit dd vd dd dm chudng nudi Thoi gian
Sang (8-11 h) Trua (11-13 h) ChlSu(14h-15h) Chieu-tdi (17-18 hl5)
Toi (18 h-23 h)
Nhiet do (°C)
26 29 36 25 21
D 6 a m
(%)
86 75 59 92 95
Sd luong ca the hoat dong
2 1 0 11 27
Tan so (%) 4,55 2,27 0 45,45 72,73 Bang 3 cho thay: Vdo ban ngay ran Mdng hdu
nhu khdng hoat dong va chiing chi hoat ddng chii ylu to 17 gid chieu den dem tdi, khi nhiet dp thap va do am tuong ddi cao. Cu the la: Rdn Mdng hiem khi hoat dpng vao buoi sdng liic nhiet dp va dp am cua chudng nudi lan luat la 26''C vd 86% thi tan sd hoat ddng cua ran cao nhat cto la 4,55%. Vao buoi trua va chieu, khi ma ntodt dp cao (khoang SG^C) va dp am thap (khoang 59%) rdn Mdng khdng hoat dpng, tan sd hoat ddng vdo khoang thdi gian nay la 0%. Tan sd hoat ddng cao nhat vao budi xe chieu la 45.45% (nhiet dp 25''C vd dd am la 92%). Dac biet, ran Mdng hoat ddng nhieu nhat la vdo ban dem vdi tan sd hoat dpng lfin din 72,73% (nhifit dp 25 '^C va do am la 92%).
4.KErUJ0N
Thanh phan thiic an ciia rdn Mdng bao gdm chudt, ga con, ca rd, Ich, nhai, cdn tning va dc.
Trong dd thiic an ua thich la chudt, ga con va ca rd.
Hifiu suat tang trudng khdi lupng vd chieu ddi ciia rdn Mdng tang nhanh nhat vdo tuan thii 5 d i n tuan thii 17 ciia qua trinh nudi. Day cung la giai
doan cd tdng hieu suat tang trudng cua khdi lupng CO the ldn hon tdng hieu sudt tang trudng ciia chieu dai co t h i .
Rdn hoat ddng manh vao han dfim trong khoang thdi gian to 18 h den 23 h. Khoang ntoet dp phu hop cho rdn hoat ddng trong dieu kifin nudi la 25 - 30°C, khoang dp am thich hpp cho rdn hoat ddng Id 75 - 95%. Nhifit dp mdi trudng la y l u td anh hudng chii yen din hoat ddng cua rdn hon la dp am mdi truong.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyfin Diic Luang, Cao Tiln Trung, Hoang Xuan Quang, 2009. Nghifin cuu dSc diem sinh hpcvi sinh thai cua Ky da hoa Varanus salvator (Laurentin, 1786) trudng thanh trong dieu kien nudi tai thanh phd Vmh, Nghfi An, 2005- 2006. Bio cao khoa hoc hpi thao qudc gia ve ludng cu vi bd sit d Vidt Nm Ian thu nhi't Nxb Dai hpc Hul. Trang 296 - 301.
2. Nguyfin TTii Ddng Nto, Hodng Thi Nghifift Ngd Ddc Chiing, 2013. Budc ddu nghifin ciiu &¥•
dilm hinh thai, dmh dudng va sinh san ciia rSn
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 10/2014
KHOA HOC C O H G N G H I
Mdng - Xenopeltis unicolor b vimg ddng bang sdng 4. Hoang Thi Ngtofip, 2013. Ngtofin ciiu dac diem Cuu Long. H0i nghi toan qudc vS Sinh thii vi Tii sinh hpc ciia rdn Ri voi - Enhydris bocourti (Gray, nguydn Sinh vat Iin thd 5. Nxb Ndng ngtofip. Trang 1842) va nudi thu ngtofim ran Ri voi tai hp gia dinh.
1183-1167. TapchiDaihpcSiiGdn.^W2(m.Tr^Bg^\m.
3. Hodng Tto NgWep, 2012. Khu hfi ludng cu, bd 5. Le Thdng, 2006. Bia Ucic tinh vi thinh phd sdt d viing An Giang vd Dong Tliap. hiin in Tien si Viet Nam (tap 6 cic tinh vi thinh phd dong bing Dai hoc Hul. sdng Cuu Long. Nxb Giao due. Trang 233 - 278.
THE RESULTS ON THE NUTRITION, GROWTH AND ECOLOGY OF SUNBEAM SNAKE IN FARMING CONDITION
Hoang Thi Ngtoep Summaiy
The sunbeam snake - Xenopeltis «n/co/or Reinwardt, 1827 is a vertebrate animals wild species belonging to the Xenopeltidae, Reptiha, Vertebrata. Sunbeam snake is a widely distributed species in the delta of the Mekong river, Vietnam. This article pubhshed the results of research on nutrition, growth and ecology of the sunbeam snake under the breeding conditions in Long An provmce from January 2013 to April 2014. The results showed that sunbeam snake could eat mouse, chick, perch, msect, snail, frog, toad.... but fevorite food are toe chicks, mouse, perch... Most of sunbeam snakes work almost at the night The most suitable temperature range for activity of sunbeam snake is 25 - SCC and in humidity conditions is 75-95%.
Keywords: Sunbeam snake, nutrition, growth, ecology, feed.
Ngudi nhan x e t GS.TS. Mai Dmh Yfin Ngdy n h | n hdi: 16/6/2014 Ngdy thdng qua phdn hifin: 17/7/2014 Ngdy duyfit dSng: 24/7/2014
