TAP Cfli GONG THIftfNG
CAC YEU TO ANH HlTdNG DEN DONG LlJC LAM VIEC CUA GIAO VIEN
Ci CAC TRI/6NG TRUNG HOC CCf SCf TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• PHAN QUAN VIET - N G U Y I N VAN NHUNG
TOM TAT:
Nd'u giao due la quo'c sdch hang dau, thi giao due ca'p trung hoe cd sd (THCS) la mdt trong nhffng giai doan quan trpng, can sU tap trung va trach nhidm hdn cua eac nha gido trong boat ddng giao due the'he tre mdi; dong didi Id mdt trong nhffng yd'u td'quan trpng trong vide phdt trid'n nguon nhdn lUc cha't lupng cao cho dd't nUdc. Nhdn thffc dUdc tam quan trpng cua vd'n dl, nghien cUu "Cde yd'u td anh hUdng de'n ddng lUe lam viec cua gido vidn d cac trUdng trung hpc cd sd tai TP. Ho Chi Mmh" dUdc tid'n hanh, nham muc dich tim ra ede ye'u to' anh hUdng d^n ddng lUe lam viec cua gido vidn THCS, de de xua't md hinh nghidn effu tham khao, cung nhU cung cd'p cho cdc trUdng THCS tren dia ban TP. Ho Cbi Minh cd cdi nhtn sau sae hdn ve ddng luc lam viec cua dpi ngu gido vidn vd tao cd sd de cdc trUdng thife hidn cae chinh sach ndng cao ddng lUc ldm vide cua giao vien.
Tuf khoa: Giao vidn, ddng lUc lam vide, trudng trung hoe cd sd, TP. H 6 Chi Minh.
1. Gidi thidu
1.1. Tinh cap thie't ciia de tdi
Hien nay, giao vien THCS chiu nhieu dp luc khie'n cho ho dang bi gidm dan ddng lUc lam viec.
Nhffng nam vUa qua, cd sd vdt cha't cua cdc trffdng da cd nhffng bffdc cai thien rd't ddng ke', nhUng d mdt sd'ndi, cac trUdng vdn cdn thid'u cdc trang thid't bi day hoc de phuc vu cho cong tac giang day.
Ngoai ra, nhieu hoat ddng day chuyen de, tdp hua'n, thanh tra, kiem tra, cdc eudc thi gido vien day gidi cac cd'p va vide kidm nhidm cdc cong viec kbdc trong trUdng lam cho giao vidn cam tha'y dp lUc, met mdi vd khdng con ddng Iffc ldm vide.
Nhdn thffc dffde tam quan trpng cua va'n de, nghien effu neu tren nham tim ra cdc ye'u to' anh hudng dd'n ddng lUc lam vide cua gido vien THCS dd de xua't md hinh nghien cUu tham khao.
1.2. Mgc tieu nghien cdu
Xae dinh va do ludng mUc dp anh hudng cua chung dd'n ddng lUc lam viec; dong thdi de xuat cdc kie'n nghi phu hpp nhdm tao ddng lUc lam viec cua giao vidn THCS tai TP. Ho Chi Minh.
1.3. Bdi tuong vd phgm vi nghi&n cdu Dd'i tUdng nghidn effu la ede yd'u td' anh hudng de'n ddng lUc lam viec ciia giao vien cdc trUdng THCS tai TP. Ho Chi Minb. Pham vi nghidn ciJu la
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eac gido vien dang giang day tai 4 trudng THCS:
Trffdng THCS Quang Trung, Trffdng THCS Nguydn Hue, Trffdng THCS Thanh Da vd Trffdng THCS Bach Dang tai TP. Ho Chi Minh. Thdi gian nghidn effu: tff thdng 10 dd'n thang 12 ndm 2019.
1.4. Phddng phdp nghien cdu
Nghien effu sd bd bdng phUdng phdp dinh tinh thdng thudng. Tid'p theo la nghidn effu chinh tbffc thUc hidn thdng qua phUdng phap dinh lUpng.
2. Ccf sd ly thuyet va md hinh dl xuS't 2.1. Cdc hgc thuye't cdban
Hpe thuyd't nhu cau cua Maslow chia 5 bdc theo nhu cau cua con ngUdi: nhu cau ve sinh ly (smh hpc); nhu cau vl an toan (an ninh), nhu cau ve xd hpi; nhu cau dUde quy me'n, tdn trpng; nhu cau ve sU hodn thien ban thdn. Hpc thuye't 2 ye'u to' cua Herzberg (1959) cho rang, doi nghich vdi bd't man khdng phdi Id tbda man md la khdng ba't man va dd'i nghich vdi sU thoa man khdng phai Id ba't man ma la khdng thoa man, bao gom cdc nhdn to' ddng vien va cac nhan td' duy tri. Hpc thuyd't ki vpng cua Victor Vroom (1964) cbo rdng, cd nhan se thUc hidn hdnh ddng theo mdt cdch nhd't dinh dUa tren nhffng mong ddi cua ho ve mdt kd't qud ndo dd hoac sff hd'p dSn cua ke't qua do vdi chtnh ca nhdn dd. Hpc thuye't tdng cUdng tich cUc cua B.F.Skinner cho rdng, qua vide tdng cUdng se ldm con ngUdi thay ddi hanh vi cua minh, nhffng hdnh vi dffdc thffdng se dffdc khuye'n khich lap di lap lai vd ngUdc lai.
2.2. Tong quan mOt so'nghien cdu co lien quan Nghidn effu cua Abby M. Brooks (2007) chi ra rdng, vide kd't hdp giffa 2 yd'u td' thie't lap muc tidu vdsUhai longtrongcdng viec la each td't nha't de dff dodn ddng Iffc ldm vide cua nhan vien. Boeve (2007) da tid'n hanh nghien effu cdc ye'u td'tao ddng lUc cua cac giang vidn khoa dao tao trd ly bdc sy d cae trUdng Y tai My trdn cd sd sff dung ly thuyd't 2 nhan td' cua Herzberg vd chi sd' md td cdng vide (JDJ) cua Smith, Kendall vd Hulin (1969). Kovach (1987) neu ra 10 yd'u to' anh hudng dd'n ddng lUe lam vide cua nhan vien cd the dp dung d nhieu ITnh vUc khde nhau eung nhu d eac qud'c gia khde nhau.
Teck-Hong va Waheed (2011) dUa trdn phan li thuyd't 2 nhan td' eua Herzberg, Teck-Hong va Waheed de xua't md hinh nghidn cUu cdc nhan td' tdc ddng dd'n ddng lUc lam vide de tid'n hanh cudc khao sat vdi nhdn vidn ban hang tai Malaysia. Kd't qua eho thd'y, cac phan tich da chffng minh rdng
bie'n ddng lUc quan trpng nhd't la dieu kien lam viec. Nghien ciiu "Cdc yd'u to' tao ddng Iffc cho nhan vien" eiia Ld Thi Thiiy Uyen (2007) khao sat 482 can bp nhan vidn d TP. Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai, Binh Dffdng, Da Ndng vd Kon Tum. Tac gia hieu chinh 10 ye'u to' ddng vien cua Kovach cdn 8 ye'u td'. "Nghidn cUu cac nhdn to' anh hffdng de'n ddng lUc lam vide dd'i vdi nhdn vidn van phong tai Cdng ty Phan mem FET Da Ndng" cua Giao Ha Quynh Uyen (2015) da xay dffng md hinh nghien effu do Iffdng ddng lUc lam viec gom 8 nhan to'anh hudng vdi 40 bid'n quan sat.
2.3. Mo hinh vd gia thuye't nghien cdu de xud't Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien cdu di xudt
( Dao tao va thang ti§n
3. Kdt qua nghien cu'u
3.1. Bdnh gid do tin cay ciia thang do bdng Cronbachs Alpha
Cdc ye'u to': Ban cha't cdng vide (0.815), Tien lUdng vd phuc ldi (0.851), Dieu kidn ldm viec (0.787), Dong nghiep (0.719), Su cdng nhdn (0.763), Dao tao thang tid'n (0.743), SU hai Idng (0.776) deu dat yen cau (>0.6) va He so' tUPng quan bie'n tdng deu dat ehuan (>0.3). Vdy, 6 thang do vdi 31 bie'n quan sat deu phii hdp vdi md hmh dUa ra.
3.2. Bdnh gid thang do bang phdn tich nhdn to' khdm phd EFA
Qua 2 lan phdn tich cdc yd'u td' dnh hUdng tren, cho phep rut trich dUdc 7 nhdn to' vdi thang do Dao tao thang tie'n tach thanh 2 thang do mdi la Thang tie'n va Dao tao. Ket qua kiem dinh thang do ddng Iffc lam viec cd he so' KMO va Bartlett bdc bd gia thuye't (Sig.=.000), he so' KMO la 0.650, cho thd'y phan tich nhdn to' la phii hdp, mffe Eigenvalue = 2 105, phUdng sai tich Id 70.171%, cdc thanh phan deu cd he so'tai nhan td'>55.
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3.3. Bieu chinh mo hinh nghien cdu vd cdc gid thuyet nghien cdu
Hinh 2: Md hinh nghien ctfu dieu chtnh
3.4. Phdn tich dnh hudng cdc bie'n dinh tinh den dgng Idc ldm viec bdng Anova
4. Kd't luan va ham y quan tri 4.1. Ke't luqn
Qua kiem dinh Cronbachs Alpha vdn giii 31 bid'n ban dau phdn tich nhan to'. Va ket qua phan tich nhdn td', ed 7 nhdn to' dUdc rut ra tff thang do cdc ye'u td' anh bUdng ddng lUe ldm viec eua giao vien vdi 29 bie'n quan sat vd 1 nhdn to' thang do sii hai long vdi 3 bid'n dUdc dUa vao phan tich hoi quy.
Gia thuye't vd md hinh nghidn effu dffdc dieu chinh tUdng ffng vdi eac nhdn td' dffdc riit ra. Phffdng trinh hdi quy cbo tha'y d do tin cay 95%, sU hdi long dffdc tdc ddng bdi 3 yd'u td' trong so' 7 yd'u to' co sii anh hudng tdi dong lUc lam viec cua gido vien cac trUdng trung hpc cd sd tai TP. Ho CM Minh. Cac yd'u to' dd bao gom: Tien lUdng va phuc Ipi, Dong nghiep, Ddo tao.
4.2. Hdm y quan tri
4.2.1. Hdm y lien quan tiin luang vd phiic ldi Giao vien THCS cae trUdng edng lap van hudng lUdng ngan sach, nen thu nhap tff lUdng
Bdng 1. long hdp ket qua phan tich phacfng sai Bien
Gidi tinh Nhom tuoi Trinh dp hpc van Thdi gian cdng tac Mdc 1 Lfdng Trudng
Kiem d|nh phudng sal Leneve Sig. = 0.05 Sig. > 0,05 Sig >0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05
Kiem dinh trung binh nhom Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05 Sig. > 0.05
K& lu$n Khdng khac bi&t Khdng khac bidt Khdng khac btet Khdng khac biet Khong khac biet Khdng khac biet Nguon: Kel qud khdo .sat cua Idc gid. 2019
3.5. Ke't qud kiem dinh cdc gid thuye't (Bdng 2) 3.6. Ke't qud hoi quy
Md hinh vdi hd sd'da chuan hda:
Y = 0.609DN + 0.237TN + 0.128DT Ye'u to Dong nghiep cd [3 = 0.609, nghia la khi yd'u td'ndy tdng ldn 1 ddn vi thi sU hai long dd'i vdi cdng viec se tdng len 0.609 ddn vi. Yd'u to' Tien Iffdng vd phuc ldi cd P = 0.237. nghia la khi yd'u td nay tang ldn 1 ddn vi thi sU hdi Idng dd'i vdi edng viec se tdng ldn 0.237 ddn vi. Ye'u td' Dao tao cd |3
= 0.128, nghia la khi ye'u td'ndy tdng len I ddn vi thi sU hai long dd'i vdi edng vide se tdng ldn 0.128 ddn vi.
cua hp cdn tha'p. Do do, chinh sdch vl tien lUdng va phiie ldi can dUdc cai thien vd thue hien cdng bang de' tang thu nhap hdp Id cho gido vien. Hai de xua't cho cdng tac nay Id ndng lUdng dung han bode tao dieu kidn cho giao vien phd'n da'u ndng lUdng trUdc thdi ban; cdng tac xet thudng can dUdc tap trung lam dung, kip thdi, dam bao cdng bang va hpp ly cho mpi gido vien. Khi do, giao vien mdi ydn tdm lam vide vd cd'ng hie'n hd't siJc minh, ddng thdi khuye'n khich hp lam vide hidu qua hdn. Cdng tac ndy thUdng dUde gan sang nhdn td phiic ldi. Cung vdi tien Iffdng, phuc Wi gdp phan thoa mdn nhu cau vat cha't va tinh thdn
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Bang 2. Ket qua kiem djnh gid thuyet vd thong i<e mifc dp dnh hudng cua cac nhan to tdi dong it/c idm viec
Gia thuyet
HI: Tien lifong va phiJc ldi cd tac ddng ciing chieu den ddng liic lam viec cua giao vien
H2: Ban chat cdng viec cd tac ddng cung chieu den ddng luc lam viec cLia giao vien
H3: Dieu kien lam vide co tac ddng cung chieu den ddng luc lam viec cua giao vien
H4: Su cdng nhan co tac ddng cung chieu den ddng luc lam viec cua giao vien
H5: Thing tien co tac ddng cung chieu den ddng luc lam viec cua giao vien
H6' Dong nghiep c6 tac ddng cung chieu den ddng lUc lam viec cua giao vien
H7: Dao tao co tac ddng cung chieu den ddng li/c lam viec cija giao vien
Ket qua kiem d|nh Chap nhan
Bac bo
Bac bo
Bac bo
Bac bd
Chap nhan
Chap nhan Sig 0.000
0.818
0.240
0.259
0.004
0 000
0.021
Beta chuan hoa 0.237
-0.012
0.62
0.053
-0 160
0 609
0.128
Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid, 2019
cho giao vien. De thffc hidn cdng tae nay, nha trUdng can thUc hien 4 dieu sau day: Dau tien, nhd trUdng thUc hien quy trinh ddnh gid gido vidn cdng khai trdn cd sd ddnh gid chd't lUdng, hieu qua tie^t giang day... Tie'p theo, nhd trudng da dang cac hinh thffc thffdng cho giao vien nhff thffdng lao ddng tien tie'n, thffdng giao vidn day gidi, thffdng sang kie'n kinh nghidm, thudng chid'n si thi dua, thudng chu nhiem td't.
Sau do, nhd trudng tdng tan sua't thudng, cd the theo thdi gian (nam, quy, thang) hoac theo cdng vide hoae theo dinh ky nang lUdng. Tao didu kien eho cac giao vien ed thanh tich trong cac nam lam viec, dUdc tang danh hieu thi dua de' thue hien cdng tac ndng Iffdng trffde thdi ban de ndng cao thu nhdp cua cong chffe. Cud'i ciing. dd'i vdi nhffng cd'gdng cua giao vien trong cdng vide. Ban giam hieu can cd sU ghi nhan bang ldi ndi, sau dd la nhffng van ban de' tuydn dffdng, khen thudng vd cd nhffng phan tien, qud bang vat cha't de trao tdng. . tao cho giao vidn earn thd'y ho dffdc tdn trong. Nhff vay,
giao vien mdi cam nhdn dffdc sU quan tdm cua Ban gidm hieu ddi vdi nhffng co gang cua bp, qua do tao ddng lUc eho hp de lap lai nhffng hanh vi tich cffc nay hdn nffa.
4.2.2. Hdm y lien quan dong nghiep Qua qud trinh gidng day, tap thd giao vidn se hdp tdc trffc tid'p vdi nhau, ludn cd sff lien quan va tac ddng qua lai Idn nhau. Vi vdy. Ban giam hidu can cai thien mdi trffdng lam vide, tao md'i quan he thdn thid't, gan bd giffa cdc td' bd mdn nay vdi cac td bd mdn khac de' tang them ddng lUc lam viec cho hp. Mpt sd'de xud't cho cdng tdc nay gdm:
xdy dUng tdp the manh, day td't, hpc td't, ky eUdng, tich eUc, chia se, giiip nhau; ddng vidn kip thdi, khuye'n khich, tff va'n khi can; quan tam de'n gido vien, ddi so'ng tinh than, quan he ddng nghiep;
thuye't phuc gido vien sdn sdng hdp tac, sdn sang ddi mdi; phdt huy tinh cdng khai ddn chu.
4.2.3. Hdm y lien quan ddo tgo
Cdng tac ddo tao ndng cao nang Iffc cho giao vidn can dUdc chu trpng. Ben canh dd, cdng tdc
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TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
quy hoach cung quan trpng bdi nd se giiip cho rieng cho gido vien xua't sac. cd nang lUc td'lve ngudi giao \ idn dUdc tham gia cdc khda dao tao trinh dp quan 1< de tao dieu kien cho giao vicD de phii hdp hdn cho vi tri dUdc de bat. Tdc gia dUa phdt me'n len \ i tri cao hdn: nbd trUdng can chii ra 3 de xua't: xem xet nang lUc \ d kha nang cua trpng cdog tac ddo tao. bdi dUdng pham cha't dao tUng giao vidn dd'tao dieu kien ±ang tie'n; dao tao dffc va nang lUe suphamcbu\dn mdn •
T A I LEEU T H A M K H A O :
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Ha Ndi.
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Ngay nhan bai: 16/11/2019
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sufa chiJa: 26/1172019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 6/12/2019
Thongtintdcgia:
TS. PHAN QUAN VIET NCS. ThS. NGUYEN VAN NHUNG TrrfflTng Dai hoc Van Lang
FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING MOTIVATION OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
IN HO CHI MINH CITY
• PhD, PHAN QUAN VIET
• Moster Student NGUYEN VAN NHUNG Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
If education is considered a top national policy, lower secondary education is one of the important periods that requires greater focus and responsibility of educators in the education of the new generation of children. At the same time, it is one of the important factors in developing high quality human resources for the country. Recognizing the importance of the problem, the research is conducted in order to find out factors affecting the working motivation of junior high school teachers to propose reference research models, as well as provide secondary schools in the Ho Chi Minh city. This provides a closer look at the motivation of teachers representing as a basis for schools to implement policies to improve teacher motivation.
Keywords: Teacher, work motivation, junior high school. Ho Chi Minh city.
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