DANH GIA CAC YEU TO TAC DONG DEN KET QUA SINH KE VA GIAI PHAP GIA TANG SINH KE BEN VCfNG CHO ClT DAN
DIA PHl/OfNG TRONG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH CQNG DONG TAI THANH PHO DA LAT
• HOANG THI PHacJNG THAO - PHAN VU DUNG VAN
TOM TAT:
Nghien cihi tim ra cac yeu to'tde dong den ke't qua sinh ke vh t§p trung ph3n tich ve thu'c trang nguon sinh ke cua c^ng d6ng dia phu'dng d khu vu'c da khai thdc loai hinh du lich cgng dong dau tien vh dang ngay cang phat trien on dinh tai thSnh pho'Da Lat. Dd lh Khu di tich vdn hda Lac Difdng, bao gom: Khong gian v3n hda cong chieng Tay Nguyen va Wiidn Quo'c gia Bidoup Nui Ba. Tiir nhu'ng ket qua nghien cu'u, tde gia de xua't cac gidi phdp de hieu chinh sinh kd'b^n vffng cua cU' dan dja phiTdng thong qua cai thien cha't li/dng cac loai sinh ke khong cd thu nhSp cao.
thifc hien cdc cong viec khde tao ra nguon thu; dong th&i xay dUng dinh hu'dng chung cho phdt tri^n du Iich cpng dong tren toan thanh ph6 Da Lat.
Tuf khda: Du lich cgng dong, nong hg, sinh ke' ben vifng, thanh pho Da Lat.
I. D#t va'nde
Du iich cgng dong la mgt hinh thitc du Hch nhhm trao quyen cho cdc cgng dong quan iy du lich de dat dUdc ke't qua ddng gdp cho sif thjnh vifdng cua cgng dong. bao gom phdt trien ben vtfng ve kinh [c. xa hpi va moi trUQng.
Vudn Quo'c gia Bidoup hgi tu day du cac ye'u to' Jc khai Ihac va phat tnen loai hinh du lich cgng dong. Tren thifc te. Bidoup da khai thac loai hinh nay hdn 3 nam nay. lUdng khach va doanh thu ngay cang tang nhanh. Cu the nam 2018 ddn 10.092 lifdl khach. tong doanh thu 1.643.85 trieu ddng va 6 thang dau nam 2019 ddn 5.458 lifdt
khdch vdi doanh thu 974,01 trieu dong. Bidoup co sd'c hut va lan toa manh khong chi vdi du khdch trong nifdc, ma con ca du khach quo'e te trai dSi vao cde thdi diem trong nam. Mac du sd tham gia eua eong dong dia phUdng ngay cang nhieu, nhiflig ehi du'ng lai la mpt kieu sinh ke thdi vu, miJc 6Q dam bao cupc song chu'a cao. Dieu nay phan nSo anh hu'dng de'n sU gdn k^t, ddng gdp lau d^i cua cgng dong dia phifdng. Cu the, nam 2018 vk f>
thang dau nam 2019 Vifdn Quoc gia Bidoup da chi tra cho cpng dong dia phifdng lan lu'dt la 122,73 trieu dong va 135,1 trieu dong.
TiT nhiTng boi canh dd, tae gia tien hanh nghien 90 So 9 - T h a n g 5/2020
KINH TE
cu'u thu thap dif lieu cac nguon sinh ke thUc te eua cpng dong dia phifdng nhdm mue tieu "Ddnh gia cdc yeu to tde dpng de'n ke't qua sinh ke va giai phdp gia tdng sinh ke ben vifng eho cif dan dia phifdng trong phat trien du lich cpng dong tai thanh pho'Da Lat".
2. Phi/rfng phap nghien ctfu 2.1. PhUdng phdp tiep cgn
Trong nghien ctJu nay, tae gia da su" dung phifdng phap dieu tra khao sal ke't hdp vdi phdng van sau de tim hieu cong viec va cugc song gia dinh cua nhiJng cgng dong tai dia phu'dng la thanh pho Da Lat de thoa man cdc muc tieu nghien ciTu, tie'p can sinh ke ben vifng (DFID, 1999) du'de stJ dung de khdm phd cdc yeu to' thue day ho3c ean trd cdc gia dinh ngifdi dong bao xay dUng va thifc hien chien lifdc sinh ke'de dat difdc ket qua sinh ke ky vpng. Khung sinh ke ben vifng se phdc hoa mo'i quan he giifa sinhkehg vdi cdc hiem hga tif nhien gia tang v^ thay 66'i kinh te' - xa hoi, dac biel la bid'n dpng mang tinh cha'l mtia vu.
Ke't qua sinh ke (hai long hoae khong hai long) cua cdc hg gia dinh ngifdi ddng bao tai vung khao sdt se anh hu'dng de'n quye't dinh gia tang hoae gidm ngudn vdn sinh ke'va cdc hp gia dinh cd lhe dieu chinh du'a ra cdc giai phap cai thien sinh ke ben vifng. Cdc nghien cu'u tru'dc day chi ra rdng.
khi cdc tdi siin va hoat dpng sinh ke difdc da dang thi kh5 ndng phue hdi cua sinh ke'do'i vdi cac tde dgng bS'l ldi eua cdc yeu to'tif nhien vd kinh te - xa hoi se tang len (Adger, 1999; Ellis, 2000).
2.2. Dja diem nghien ciiu
Hoat dgng du lich cgng ddng tai 2 khu vifc nghien cifu dd la Vu'dn Qude gia Bidoup Nui Ba va KJiu du lich cpng ddng Lac Du'dng.
So'lu'dng khao sdt: 55 eong ddng dia phu'dng dang tham gia triTc tiep vdi Vifdn Qudc gia Bidoup Nui Ba, 200 hp dan khu vifc Da Nhim Lac DUdng va 50 hp dan khu vifc Niii Langbiang (nhifng ngu'di tham gia tnfc lie'p vao boat dgng du lich).
3. Ccf siy K thuye't 3.1. Du lich cgng dong
TheoTS.RW (Bill) Carter (2015). du lieh cpng ddng la hoat dpng du lieh do cdng ddng sd hau.
vanlianh va quan ly hoae dieu phdi d cap cong
dong. gop phan mang lai si/ thinh vifdng cho cpng ddng thong qua ho trd sinh ke ben vifng \ a bao ton edc gia in truyen tho'ng \an hda - xd hpi va tai nguyen di san van hoa va thien nhien.
3.2. Khdi niem sinh ke
Theo khdi niem smh ke cua DFID difa ra thi:
"Mot sinh ke'ed the du'de mieu ta nhif la sif tap hdp cac ngudn life va kha nang con ngUdi co du'de ke't hdp vdi nhiTng quye't djnh va hoal dong mS hp Ihifc thi nhdm de kie'm so'ng eijng nhu'dc dai du'de cdc muc lieu va ifdc nguyen ciia hp".
Chie'n lu'dc sinh ke la qua trinh ra quye't djnh ve cdc \an de cap hg. bao gdm nhifng van de nhu"
Ihanh phan ciia hp. tinh gan bd giifa cdc thanh vien, phan bd cac ngudn li/c vai eha'l va phi vai cha'l Clia hg (Seppala. 1996). De duy tri ho, ho gia dinh Ihu'dng cd cde chien lu'dc sinh ke khde nhau, theo (Seppala, 1996) chien lUdc sinh ke ed lhe ehia lam 3 loai:
- Chie'n iUdc tich luy la chie'n lifde dai han nham hudng ldi lang irUdng va cd the la ke'i hdp eua nhieu hoal dgng hu'dng tdi lich luy va giau cd.
- Chie'n lifde tdi san xua'l la chien lu'dc irung han gdm nhieu hoat dpng iao ihu nhap, nhifng du lien cd lhe nham ldi hoal ddng cua cgng ddng va an sinh xa hdi.
- Chie'n lifdc tdn iai la ehien lu'dc ngdn han, gdm ca cdc hoat dpng lao thu nhap chi de ton tai ma khdng tieh luy.
3.3. Khung sinh keben vdng
Khung sinh ke ben vifng bao gdm nhifng nhan td'chinh anh hUdng de'n sinh ke'cua eon ngu'di va nhifng mo'i quan he cd ban giifa chung. Nd cd the su'dung de len ke hoaeh cho nhifng hoat dpng phdt trien mdl va danh gid sif ddng gdp vao sir ben vifng sinh ke'cua nhifng hoal dpng hien tai. {Bang 1)
Day la khung giup cho ngUdi siJ dung hieu du'de cdc Ioai hinh sinh ke hien htfu \h dung nd lam cd sd de lap ke hoaeh cho ede hoal ddng phdt irien \'a cdc hoat dpng khde.
Nghien eifu ket qua sinh ke se cho chung ta hieu difdc ddng Ii/c nao dan tdi cdc hoat ddng ma ho dang thi/c hien va nhifng ifu tien ciia ho la gl.
Ddng ihdi ciing cho ihay phan iTng cua ngifdi dan tru'dc nhiing cd hpi va nguy cd mdi.
So 9-Thang 5/2020 91
Bang 1. Mo hinh khung sinh ke ben vijTng
KLa nang phue hoi sao soc Thiet lap traog thai can hang mai
IP
THUH6IDATL.\
MOT CU SOC LON -Lim giam dot ngot tii san stnb kc chioli Dat ranh tic - Hp nong dan khong con su dung cic k\- aang san xuat nong nghiep von c6 - Nhan so tien den bu Idn
>"
CO SO N G U O N LLT CUA HO
Cic tii san (N. H, P,
T > | CO HOI
CAC LI/A CHON C U A H O - Cic hoat dpng tao thu nhip - Xi}- dimg nang llJC
- Cic lira chon khic dupe xon nhu qua irinh dieu chinh vi Lhich ling sau soc
CAC CHINH SACH \ A XU HUONG KINH T t \ 1 MO Chu thich:
- N (Natural Capital): Nguon life it/nhien - H (Human Capital): Ngticm life con ngifc'fi - P (Plivsical Capital): Ngudn life veil chdt - F {Financial Capitcd): Ngudn life ldi chinh - S (Social Capital): Nguc'm li/c.xd Iwt
K £ T Q U A D A U RA ' Cupc sdng oia hd la sao'^ (cii thien an ninh lutmg thiK:? Thu nhip tdt hoB'^ Giam tinh de
i ton thmmg'') - Nang lUc Clia ho c6 3uac cii thi^n'' (sii dung ben viing cic aguon tai nguyen thien nhien)
Nguon: Tham khdo tif tai lieu cUa DFI, 1999
Ke't qua sinh ke the hien tren chi sd'nhUcugc sdng hUng thinh hdn. ddi sd'ng du'de nang cao. kha ndng tdn ihurdng giam. an ninh lu'dng thUc dUdc Cling eo' va siJ dung ben vifng cdc ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien. Do dd, can phai ket hdp \a su" dung khde nhau nhif da't dai, vdn. khoa hgc cdng nghe.
3.4. Phtfcfiig phdp phdt trien sinh ke Cho de'n nav tren pham vi loan the'gidi. nhieu cdng trinh nghien cifu \ e viec vandung 1\ thuyet va phUdng phdp phai trien sinh ke trong ihi/c lien da difde trien khai. Trong do ndi bat la an pham Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets (Ban hifdng dan eae ehien lifdc sinh ke ben vifng) cila DFID nam 1999. Cdng trinh nay ban sau ve khung sinh ke ben viJng nhU' la mdt cdng cu de nang cao sU hieu biet \ c sinh ke ben vifng, dac biet la smh ke'cua ngUdi ngheo. DFID coi khung
sinh ke ben vifng id khudn kho de phan lich cac ye'u td'chinh anh hUdng de'n sinh ke'va md'i quan he giiJa cdc ye'u td'dd.
4. K§'t qua nghi&n cii'u
De ddnh gid ke'i qua sinh ke'cua cpng ddng khu VLfc nghien cii'u, nhdm tde gia da tien hanh khao sat tren 55 eong ddng dia phu'dng dang tham gia trifc lie'p vdi Vu'dn Qudc gia Bidoup Niii Ba, 200 hg dan khu vu'c Da Nhim Lae Du'dng va 50 hp dan khu vife Nui Langbiang va thu dupe mgt so ket qua difde de cap de'n ndi dung du'di day.
4.1. Cdc tdi sdn sinh ke'cua nong hg Cac tai san sinh ke'cua ndng ho difdc the hien qua Bang 2 nhu'sau:
4.2. Khdo sdt ve sinh ke va tinh chdl cua sinh ke
Khao sdt ve sinh ke' va tinh chat ciia sinh ke cho ra ke'i qua nhtf sau: (Bang 3)
92 So 9-Thang 5/2020
KINH TE
Nguon von sinh ke Ngudn von nhan lyc
Bang 2. C a c tai san sinh ke c d b a n c i j o nong hp Dieh giai
Ngudn von xa hpi Ngudn von tu nhien Ngudn von vai chat Ngudn vdn Eai chinh
Trinh do chu hp, dao tao nghe chu hd, lao ddng chinh, trinh do lao dong chinh. dao tao nghe cua lao ddng chinh
Tham gia hpi doan lai dia phuong, an loan, uy tin, mdi quan he cdng dong ciia nong hp, dien tich dat canh tac, chat lupng dat
Dien lich dat canh tac, chat luang dat va chat luong ngudn nudc, moi trudng Chat lupng nha i^, tai san phue vu san suat, tai san phue vu sinh hoat So lupng gia sue, tiet kiem trong nam, kha nang tiep can von vay
Bang 3. Ket qua khdo sdt sinh ke c i i a ngi/di d a n
Logi sinh keT
Sinh ke gan vdi Vudn Quoc gia Bidoup Nui Ba
Sinh ke khac
Hudng dan vien Cdng vi$c tgi nha nghi Khuan vac GiQ rdng Cdng chieng SCla tuyen Phy trach lang det Cdng viec 131 vat khac Trdng ca phe Hai sam, nam, lan Homeslay
Tfnh chsft sinh ke Thdivu
175 25
5
1 Chfnh 25 20 10 50 20
30 30 30 0 278
10
2 2 280
26 28 1 3
Thdi gian sinh ke Quanh nam Quanh nam Mua du Ijch Quanh nam Mua du l|ch Quanh nam Mua du lich Quanh nam Quanh nam Mua vy MiJa du hch
Kel qua cho tha'y sinh ke chinh ciia edng ddng la ndng nghiep (sinh ke tich luy), cu the la trdng ea phe; sinh ke'tdn tai chinh la \iec tham gia vao eac hoal dgng du lich.
4.3. Ve ddnh gid ke't qud ciia mgt sinh keben vdng
Danh gia ke'i qua eiia mdt sinh ke ben viTng bao gdm; lao viec lam va ihu nhap cho ngifdi dan; giam mu'c do ngheo ddi; nii'fe dd hai ldng va nang life ciia ngu'di dan; ihieh u'ng sinh ke.
tinh dd bi ton thu'dng \'a kha nang hdi phue: sif bdn vtfng ve mat tai nguyen thien nhien. Vi du cu the \ e ket qua khao sdt ciia nghe hifdng dan
vien, day la nghe hoan loan difde dam nhan bdi ngu'di ban dia, vi ho la nhifng ngUdi am hieu sau sa'e va ed kha nang iruyen cam hu'ng id't de'n vdi khdch du lich.
Tuy nhien. trong qua trinh danh gid, tde gia chgn ra 7 sinh ke' lae ddng ehinh vao Ihu nhap ciia ngu'di dan \a tien hanh kiem djnh Duccan de giai thich eae ye'u id dnh hifdng de'n sinh ke ben vifng cua ngUdi dan tai \ iing khao sdt.
Bang 4 cho tha'y. ndng hd thifc hien cac md hinh sinh ke cdng chieng. hai sam. lan. na'm va su'a tuyen cd ngudn vd'n sinh ke tu'dng ddi tha'p. Trong khi dd. ndng hg giif rifng ha\ lam homsestay va So 9 - T h a n g 5/2020 93
Bdng 4. Tai sdn sinh ke cua cdc nhom nong h6 theo hoat dong canh tac chinh Nhom ho theo hoat dOng
canh tac chlnh 1. Hudng dan vien 2, GiQ King 3. SCla tuyen 4 Trang ca phe 5. Hai sam, nam, ian 6. Homestay
(Cong viec nha nghi) 7, Cong chieng
Quan sat
53 85 57 50 51
83 30 409
Nhan luc
0,25b 0,24ab 0,22ab 0.24ab 0,22a 0,26ab 0,24ab 0.24
XihOI
0,45b 0,38a 0,45b 0,37a 0,44b 0.46b 0,36a 0.42
TUnhlen
0.30c 0.30c 0,28bc 0,23a 0,29bc 0,29bc 0,26b 0,28
V^tchit 0,30 0,29 0,32 0,36 0,34 0,36 0,33 0,33
Tai cWnh
0,17ab 0.20b 0.14a 0,26c 0,28c 0.19b 0.14a 0,20
Til sin slnhkir 0,29ab 0,27a 0,27a 0.27ab 0.30b 0.30b , 0,27a
0,28
ihife hien cae mdhinh kei hdp cd ngudn vdn sinh ke cao hdn eae nhdm nong ho khde. Khi .\em set lifng loai liii ,san sinh ke theo nhom hp cho iha'y ndng hg thtfc hien md hinh irdng cii phe. sii'a tuye'n gap khd khan ve ngudn vdn tai ehinh. dae biei la do'i \di ndng ho trdng e;i phe cdn gap khd khan ve ngudn vdn lU nhien va xa hgi do gid ea phe khdng dn dinh.
liep can vdn \a hgi (vd'n vay) cdn gap nhieu khd khan. Ngudn vdn xa hdi d nhdm hd trdng ca phe edn Iha'p do ehUa tie'p can du'de nhieu vdi cdc hdp tde xa, doan hdi hay dien lich khdng the md rdng vi se anh hu'dng edng tde giif rifng \a ban ve rifng.
Nhin ehung. tai san sinh ke chung ciia cac hd dan khdng cd sif khde biet Idn giifa cdc nhdm hg theo hoal ddng eanh idc chinh. Tuy nhien. sif khde biet
difde lim iha'y rd tren eac ngudn vd'n xa hdi, tif nhien va taichinh.
Kel qua khao sat ve mu'c do hai ldng cua cgng ddng dia phifdng ve viec tham gia du Heh cgng ddng tai VUdn Qudc gia Bidoup Niii Ba vdi linh cha'l edng viee dam nhan: (Bang 5)
Mifc do hai long vc cdc hoat ddng du lich du'^c cdng ddng dja phUdng ddnh gid kha td't vdi li le ddng y va hoan toan ddng y cho cae ye'u l6' deu iren 70%. Chi cdn va'n de giam mifc do ngheo doi la cdn 13% khdng ddng y nguyen nhan. chii ye'u la do cdn tinh thdi vu du lich nen vao mua tha'p diem, cdng an viec lam khd khan dan de'n mgt so it ngifdi ddng bao phai di ehuyen vao thanh phd' de kiem sd'ng vdi nhieu nghe khae nhau (Bang 6).
Bdng 5. Mifc dp hdi long cua cpng ddng d|a phifcfng thorn gia vdo du Ijch cpng dong
1
Yeutd
' Tao viec Iam va thu nhap cho ngudi dan Giam mdc dd ngheo ddi
Mlic do hai long va nang lUc ciia ngUdI dan Thich ting smh ke, tinh de'bi ton thuong va
! kha nang hoi phyc
Sy ben vijng ve mat tai nguyen thien nhien
Hoan toan i^dng dong
y(%)
»
1 0 0 1
Khong dongy
(%)
0 13 7 2 5
Khong ykien
(%)
0 10 2 5 0
Bongy
(%)
76 52 51 47 33
Hoantoan dongy
(%)
1
2 4 _ j 24 40 ]
46
6, 1
94 Sd 9-TInang 5/2020
KINH TE
Bdng 6. MCfc dp hdi long v l cdc cdng viec trong hoot ddng du ljch
Tinh chSt cong vl$c
Hu6ng d3n vien GiQ rOng Siia luyin TrSng ca phe Hai s3m, nam. ian Cflng viec tai nha nghi Cflng chieng Phy trach iang det Cflng viec lat vat i^hac
Hoan toan khong hai long (%)
1 0 7 1 2 2 0 27 2
1
Khong hai long (%)
1 0 10 4 5 5 3 35 5
Khong y kien (%)
11 23 21 15 7 13 15 11 21
Hal long
(%)
42 57 60 57 72 47 40 20 67
Ra) hai long (%]
44 20 2 23 14 33 42 18 5
Qua ke't qua khdo sdi eho iha'y, cdng ddng dia phUdng cd tl le hai Idng ra'l eao eho ede cdng viec trong hoat dgng du lieh, nhin ehung tif iren 80%, chi duy nha'l eong viee eiia lang det la cd 62%
khdng hai Idng. Nguyen nhan chinh la cae san pham thu edng nay ed sifc hS'p ddn ldn vdi du khdch quo'c te. nhUng sd' lifdng khach qudc le de'n khu \Uc nay cdn tha'p. san pham lai chu'a da dang ve tinh cha't sd dung; vdi khdch ngi dja thi san pham ehifa cd linh dgc ddo cd biet, ehi dtfng lai d Iham quan edn miJe do mua sam ra'l tha'p. Do dd.
viec duy tri hoat ddng cua lang del gap nhieu khd khan, khdng tao difdc ngudn sinh keben vifng eho ddng bao.
V. Giai phap gia tang sinh ke ben vifng cho c$ng ddng dia phUdng xua't phdt tiT ke't qua nghidn ciTu tai vung van hda ban dia Lac Difdng - Vtfdn Qudc gia Bidoup Niii Ba (Bdng 7. S)
Thif nhdt. de dam bao cho sif phat irien ben vifng thi >e'u to'edng ddng dan eu'difdc tham gia ban bae ngay tif dau ve cdc chu tru'dng, ke hoaeh.
eung nhu irong qua trinh men khai, thi^c hien cac ke hoaeh, chifdng trinh. Cde va'n de ban bae thao luan can du'de cong khai dan ehu dac biet la cd che an chia cde ldi ich dam bao edng bang, ngu'di tham gia hoai dgng cung ea'p dich vu phai la ngUdi chifng kien phan chia cde ldi ich cho cde ben tham gia.
Ben eanh do, iang quyen life eho cdng ddng thife hien quyen kiem sodt. quan ly eae ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien. cdng ddng dUde giao traeh nhiem giam sat cdc van de lien quan de'n phdi irien du lich ttf chli tru'dng. trien khai eae ke' hoaeh. tif viec dau tU xay difng ed sd ha lang, cdc edng trinh cdng cdng de'n va'n de bao ve. bao tdn tai nguyen.
Dam bao tinh hdp ly irong qud Irinh tham dU Clia cdng ddng. Tinh hdp ly d day khdng chi xem xet sao cho phii hdp \di nhu cau phat tnen kinh le - xa hdi va van hda tai dia phUdng lien hanh phat trien du lich ma cdn phai ea van de mdi tru'dng, he sinh thdi (ca tif nhien va nhan van).
Thd hai. viee danh gia \a lUa chgn phal irien sinh ke giiip ngifdi dan va cgng ddng cd cdsd de lifa ehon. nang eao dUdc nang life va vifng tin hdn trong viee lifa ehon. ra quye't dinh phat trien sinh ke'mdl each khoa hgc. Cu the' tai Vifdn Qudc gia Bidoup. ben canh nghe ehinh la trdng ca phe thi nghe trdng sam la giai phap td'i Uu. ra't can chien lifdc hu'u hieu ttf eae cap chinh quyen. Cu the, sam trang va sam dd la 2 loai thao difde vdi nhieu linh cha't quy hiem id't cho viec phdng va chda benh cho con ngifdi. Can xay difng md hinh lien ke't giu'a ngifdi dan \di trung tam giao due mdi trifdng tai vUdn qud'e gia va cac cdng ly lif hanh.
tao nen khung gidi thieu san pham. ldng ghep So 9-Thang 5/2020 95
Bang
Ttiu lao
HLl6ng dan vien GiO riJng SCla tuyen Trong ca phe Hal sam, nam, ian Cong viec tai nha nghi Cong chieng Phu trach lang det Cong viec lat vat khac
7. V § miJc thu lao Hoan toan khong
hai long (%) 2 0 0 5 4
5 ' 0
14 6
c u a c o n g viec Khong hai long (%)
5 0 0 25 29 15 5 37 4
duoc phan Khflng ykl8n(%)
2 2 18 5 7 5 0 18 11
c o n g Hal long
(%)
89 89 80 77 51 59 77 31 79
RS»hall6i^
(%)
2
' .
2 3 9 16 28 0 0
Bong 8. Ket qua cua mot sinh ke ben vijfng Hoan toan
Yeu to ' khong d6ngy(%) Tao vific lam va thu nhSp cho ngudi dan , 0 Giam mile dd ngheo doi ^ 1 Mlic dd hai Idng va nang luc ciia ngudi dan 0 Thich Ling smh ke, tinh de'bi ton thuong va
kha nang hoi phue 0
Su ben vflng ve mSt tai nguyen thien nhien 1
if f
0 13 7 2 6
Khong ykien
(%)
0 10 2 5
0 Dongy
(%)
76 52 51 47
33
Hoan todn dSngy
(%)
24 24 40
46
61
gido due \a luyen truyen hd trd viec mua ban cho ngifdi dan difde hieu qua va de'n lay khdch du lieh difdc nhieu hdn.
Thif ba. ke'i ndi lhi tru'dng eho phal trien sinh ke cdng ddng. Sd dl can phai ke't nd'i thi trUdng eho phdi irien sinh ke cdng ddng. do; Hau he'l hd gia dinh d cdc xa ngheo da ke'i nd'i thi tru'dng nhifng cdn d miJc do ban hep. Hau he'l ede san pham cua ho thddng chi difdc ban d dia phUdng ma chu'a cd sif lien he ben ngoai de phdt trien rgng. Ngifdi dan cdn ihie'u cdc ky nang va tam nhin de iao ra ede ke't nd'i thi trddng mang linh ben vifng.
Thdtu, tang eu'dng tap hua'n cho ngu'di dan kien thifc ve xay difng ke hoaeh phal trien sinh kecong ddng, nham tao ra thi trUdng san pham lap trung thu hut cdc thu'dng gia, cdng ly, nha may san xual, che' bie'n,,.. Vi du nhu' sif ke't nd'i giifa ngu'di khai Ihdc vdi eae doanh nghiep ihu gom che bie'n va xua't khau sam. Ngoai ra, can tang eu'dng kel ndi ben ngoai, cu the la sif ke't nd'i ttf eac td ehii'e, cd nhan ben ngodi cdng ddng. nhdm hd trd eho qu^
trinh tieu thu san pham va cung dng dieh VLI ciia cdng ddng. Ke't nd'i ben ngoai thUdng difdc ihifc hien qua mot sd'cach: Gidt thieu ve san pham, dieh vu ciia cdng ddng qua cac irang mang, bdo
96 Sd 9-Thang 5/2020
KINH TE
chi. truyen hinh. phdi thanh. didn dan, hdi thao.
lap hua'n; Tao ra sif ke't nd'i irife tie'p giifa cdng ddng va nha san xua't ihdng qua cde chifdng trinh dif an nhif cdc md hinh xiie tie'n thUdng mai, md hinh lien ke'i ba nha (nhii ndng - thifdng ldi - san xuat). hdi nhap lhi irUdng cho ndng dan ngheo;
Tao ra sif ke't nd'i trife lie'p giiTa cdng ddng va nha neu thy. cung ifng dich vu nhu'cdng ly, cu'a hang kinh doanh dac san dia phUdng, cdng ly du hch, nha hang; Xay dUng chifng nhan eho cdc san pham Clia edng ddng. Vi du: Chifng nhan MSC, chifng nhan san pham xanh an loan, chu'ng nhan san pham than thien vdi mdi tru'dng,...
Theo khung sinh ke'ben vifng, cdc hg gia dinh d cgng ddng deu cd nhu'ng chie'n lUde sinh ke'.
Cde chie'n lifde sinh ke nay dUdc phal trien tren CO sd Clia nhifng ngudn lUc sinh ke liem nang va ddng thdi phu ihudc vao bd'i canh dia phu'dng ve chinh irj va the che. NhiJng ye'u td' nay bi anh hifdng bdi eac nguy cd riii ro nhU mUa bao, kho han, lac dgng theo mua vu hoae dien bien theo xu hudng. Chien lUde sinh ke hd gia dinh phan dnh phUdng each eiia mdt hd gia dinh lam the nao de Slf dung cdc ngudn lUc khd thi de ddp ifng dUdc cdc nhu cau ciia sinh ke. Vi du, mgl hp gia dinh ndng dan can cd sif phan ehia thdi gian eu the eho
ttfng sinh ke. iif dd chii ddng va ed chie'n lu'dc cho lifng sinh ke'. nhU \ a\ gia tang du'de hieu qua thu lai ttf ta'tca ede sinh ke. Tuy nhien can phai ludn ludn xde dinh sinh ke' trgng tam de lap trung ngudn lUe \ a sif dau tU.
6. Ke't ludin
Phal trien du lieh cdng ddng mang lai ldi ieh eho ngu'di dan dia phUdng. Trong do. eong ddng dan cif lai dia phUdng iham gia du Heh edng ddng vdi tu cdch vtfa la nha td ehife. vifa la ngUdi hu'dng Ihu. lai vtfa ehii dgng eung ea'p ede dieh vu nhif nha nghi, phUdng lien van ehuyen, phue vu an ud'ng. bdn hang lu^i niem. hd ird du khdch,...
Cting vdi du khdch, ngUdi dan la dd'i tUdng dUdc thu hudng nhu'ng ldi ich hifu hinh. eiing nhu vd hinh Clia boat ddng nay. Phai irien du lich phdi cd trdch nhiem vdi xa hdi. De phal inen kinh le' dia phifdng, tdn irgng nhifng gia tri ban dia. gid trj cgng ddng thi loai hinh du lieh eo trdch nhiem se la giai phdp de phal trien du hch cdng ddng diing hudng va ben vifng. Suy eho ciing, ngUdi dan phai dUde hudng idi lif sif phdt trien du lieh, phdt trien du lich cdng ddng ddng nghia vdi dam bao sU cdng bdng trong viec ehia se ngudn thu nhap du lich cho cdng ddng giifa cdc ben iham gia, dd chinh la sinh ke ben vtfng •
TAI L i e u THAM KHAO:
1. Ashley. C Carney D. (1998), Sustainable livelihoods-: Lessons from early experience. Edited by D. f. I.
Development Overseas Development Institute. London.
1 Nguven Thi Van Anh (2006), "Sinh kd va tiep can nguon lUc da't dai cua phu nff tai hai xa ddng bang Bae Bo vil Nam Bo ", Tgp chiXa hdi hoc. sd 3, tr 87-94.
3. Chowdhury. A,T (2014). Development of a multidimensional sustainable li\elihood model for rural Bangladesh. Proceedings of the Aimrcdian Academy of Business and Social Sciences Conference. 20J4 4. Co\\'\n.}..V.Mayer {2006)."Liveliliood strategies andfcimilynenvorks of low wage Wincosin mothers".\^ocu<ii24.
5. Depanmeni for Internalional Development (1999), Sit.minable livelihoods guidance sheets London.
6. Biii Bich Lan (2011). "Van de sinh ke va mdi irifdng cua cac dan idc Oiieu sd mi&n mii phia Bae Urifdng hdp ngifdi Khang d Chieng Bdm. Thuan Chau, Sdn La". Tgp chi Thdng tin Khoa ligcxd hgi. sd 12, tr.47-53.
7. Nso Phtfdng Lan (2012). •"Bat on sinh ke va di cU lao dong cua ngffdi Khmer d ddng bing sdng Cffu Long", TapchiN\ihien cifu con ngUdi. sd3, U-.44--54
8. Neuyen Xuan Mai va Neu\ en Duy Thang (2011). "Sinh ke ciia cong ddng ngU dan \ en bien: Thffc trang va uijiphap". Tap chi Xd hgi hgc. so 4.11.54-66.
So 9-Thang 5/2020 97
Ngay nhSn bai: 5/4/2020
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chffa: 15/4/2020 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 25/4/2020 Thdng tin idc gid:
ThS. HOANG THI P H L ' O N G THAO ThS. PHAN Vi DUNG V.\N Trifdng Dai hgc Versin Da Lat
ASSESSING FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIVELIHOOD AND SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SUSTAINABLE
LrVELIHOOD OF LOCAL RESIDENTS TO DEVELOP THE COMMUNITV-BASED TOURISM IN DA LAT CITY
• Master. HOANG THI PHUONG THAO
• Master. PHAN VU DUNG VAN Yersin Da Lat University ABSTRACT:
This study analyzes factors affecting the outcomes of livelihood and the staus quo of livelihood sources of Lac Duong cultural relics area which is the first local community in Da Lal City exploiting community-based tourism. The Lac Duong cuhural relics area includes the Cultural space of Tay Nguyen gongs and the Bidoup Nui Ba National Park. Based on the study's results, this study proposes solutions to adjust the sustainable livelihoods of local residents through improving the quality of low-income livelihood and perfrotning other jobs and build a general orientation for developing community-based tourism in Da Lat City.
Keywords: Community-based tourism, sustainable hvelihoods, Da Lat City.
98 So 9 - Ttiang 6/2020
