DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS
FOR LIGHT VEHICLE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
IMAMUL KHAIRA
Registration Number 2123321037
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ABSTRACT
Khaira, Imamul. Registration Number: 2123321037. Developing English Reading Materials for Light Vehicle Engineering Department. A Thesis. English Education Program, State University of Medan, 2016.
This study is aimed to develop English reading materials for vocational school. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D). The subject of this research was Grade X students of Light Vehicle Engineering Department of SMK YPT Pangkalan Brandan consisting of 22 students. The data consist of syllabus, lesson plan, syllabus and existing materials. Instrument of collecting data were
questionnaires and interview which were used to collect information about students’
needs and learning needs. The need analysis showed that 81.8 % of students had difficult to understanding English reading text because the text is not relevant, difficult to understand the structure of word and sentences in reading text and difficult to conclude the reading text. The evaluation of existing reading materials showed that the existing reading materials are not intended for students of Light Vehicle Engineering Department. The existing reading materials are intended for all
vocational students. After the students’ need and reading materials had been
analyzed, the new reading material was developed that considering the students’ need
and the relevant with vehicle. The genre of the reading texts which were developed is descriptive text. Based on basic competence, kinds of descriptive text which developed are describing people, tourism place, and historical building. The product of this study consists of five chapters which titles are Soichiro Honda, Museum Angkut, Coventry Transport Museum, TMII Transport Museum, and Cadillac Ranch. The product was validated by an English teacher and an English lecturer with the mean score is 4.1 from 5. The product is categorized as “Good and Relevant” reading materials.
ii
ABSTRAK
Khaira, Imamul. Nomor Induk Mahasiswa: 2123321037. Developing English Reading Materials for Light Vehicle Engineering Department. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016. English
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengembangkan materi membaca bahasa Inggris untuk sekolah kejuruan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development). Subjek penelitian adalah 22 orang siswa kelas X Jurusan Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di SMK YPT Pangkalan Brandan. Data terdiri dari silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan materi membaca yang sedang digunakan. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket dan wawancara yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang kebutuhan belajar siswa. Analisis kebutuhan siswa menunjukkan bahsa 81.8 % siswa kesulitan untuk memahasi teks bahasa Inggris. Hal ini terjadi karena teks tidak seseuai dengan jurusan mereka, sulit memahami kata dan kalimat, sertasulit menyimpulkan isi teks. Evaluasi dari materi membaca yang sedang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa materi membaca tersebut tidak diperuntukkan kepada siswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin. Materi membaca tersebut diperuntukkan kepada seluruh jurusan di sekolah kejuruan. Setelah kebutuhan siswa dan materi membaca yang digunakan selesai dianalisis, dikembangkanlah materi membaca baru dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan siswa dan sesuai dengan berkaitan dengan kendaraan. Jenis teks yang fikembangkan adalah deskriptif teks. Berdasarkan kompetensi dasar, jenis deskriptif teeks yang dikembangkan berupa mendeskripsikan orang, tempat wisata dan bangunan bersejarah. Produk dari penelitian ini terdiri dari lima bab yang berjudul Soichiro Honda, Museum Angkut, Coventry Transport Museum, TMII Transport Museum, and Cadillac Ranch. Produk tersebut telah divalidasi oleh seorang guru bahasa Inggris dan seorang dosen bahasa Inggris dengan nilai rata-rata 4.1 dari 5. Produk tersebut dikategerorikan sebagai
materi membaca yang “Baik dan Sesuai
iii Languages and Arts, State University of Medan
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals who always contribute and extend their valuable assistances in
the preparation and completion of this thesis. The writer’s appreciation goes to: Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
feedback and suggestions in the writer’s Thesis.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department. Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of English Education
Program, English and Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., the writer’s Thesis Superviser I and Academic Advisor who has contributed his time, knowledge and suggestion to help the writer on supervising this Thesis.
Anggraini Thesisia Saragih, S.Pd., M.Hum., the writer’s Thesis Superviser II who has contributed his time, knowledge and suggestion to help the writer on supervising this Thesis.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., the Thesis Examiners who have contributed on giving some of feedback and suggestions in the writer’s
Thesis.
Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., the Validator of writer’s products who had
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All the Lecturers of English and Literature Department during her
academic year at State University of Medan, who have taught and given knowledges to her encouragement and invaluable advices to complete this thesis.
The Beloved parents, Suryadi and Evi Susilawati for the patience, love, pray and financial support and taught many worth things in facing the life. Thank also be given to beloved brother, Ahmad Fikri Iskandar.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., and Pantes, the Administration Staff of English
and Literature Department for helping writer preparing all the fulfillment in conducting this thesis.
Syahrizal, S.T., Ir. Hasan Ansari, and Juwita Dalimunthe, S,Pd. the
Headmaster, Vice Headmaster and English Teacher of SMK YPT Pangkalan Brandan, who had given chance to the writer for collecting the data for his research, and all staff and students who helped him to collecting the data during the research.
Sidik Eka Hermawan, S.Pd., Sri Lestari Setiawan, S.Pd., Maysarah Pulungan, S.Pd., Anggita Kasanra Lubis, S.Pd., and Jihan Hidayah Putri for their support, kindness and care to the writer in finishing this
thesis.
All his friends in English and Literature Department and State University of Medan.
The people who directly or indirectly contributed in this study.
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E. The Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Theoretical Framework ... 7
1. Reading ... 7
a) Reading Comprehension ... 7
b) Types of Reading ... 8
c) The Good Characteristics of Reading Materials ... 12
2. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) ... 13
a) Need Analysis ... 14
b) Materials Evaluation ... 16
c) Material Design ... 18
d) Material Development ... 19
3. Light Vehicle Engineering ... 20
4. Curriculum of Light Vehicle Engineering Department ... 20
5. Syllabus ... 21
B. Relevant Studies ... 21
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CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. The Research Design ... 26
B. The Subject of Research ... 27
C. The Instrument of Data Collection ... 27
D. Technique of Data Analysis ... 28
E. The Developing Materials ... 28
CHAPTER IV. MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT A. Materials Development ... 30
1. Gathering Information and Data ... 30
a) Need Analysis ... 31
1) Target Needs ... 31
2) Learning Need ... 34
3) Material Evaluation ... 35
2. Designing New Reading Materials ... 37
3. Validation ... 37
4. Revising Reading Materials ... 39
a) English Teacher ... 39
b) English Lecturer ... 39
5. Final Product ... 40
B. Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 43
B. Suggestion ... 44
REFERENCES ... 45
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LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1. The Students’ Need of Language Skill ... 32
Table 4.2. Ability in Understanding Text ... 32
Table 4.3. Obstacles in Learning Text ... 33
Table 4.4. Percentage of Like and Dislike and the Reason ... 33
Table 4.5. Material Evaluation ... 36
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LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. Questionnaire Sheet ... 48
Appendix B. Interviews Sheet... 52
Appendix C. Existing Reading Materials ... 56
Appendix D. Draft of Reading Materials ... 66
Appendix E. Final Product of Reading Materials ... 84
Appendix F. Validation Sheet ... 102
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
English for specific purposes is a part of English Language teaching with implication to design syllabus and material as well as its present and evaluate. ESP is centered on the language appropriate to the activities of a given discipline. According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987:19), “ESP is an approach to language teaching in which is all decisions of contents and method are based on the
learner’s reason for learning.” On the other hand, ESP is the way how to teach English with approximation method for specific purpose. It is not focus on the kinds of language. It means that ESP brings into line what field the learners need. For example, English for doctors, lawyers, tourism and nursing, architecture, accountant, medical scientist, civil engineering, etc.
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Both of English for Academic Purposes and English for Occupational Purposes are aimed to improve the learner ability in master English. But, the teaching materials in English for Academic Purposes are made based on learner needs. Meanwhile in English for Occupational Purposes, the teaching materials
should be based on learner’s occupational reasons. English for Academic
Purposes applied for fulfilling students’ needs and it sees as vocational school in
Indonesia
Vocational school is concerned with preparing people for work and with improving the training potential of the labor force. It covers any forms of education, training, or retraining designed to prepare people to enter or to continue in employment in a recognized occupation.
Vocational students need to learn suitable materials based on their needs not what book gives. In fact, teacher cannot give them same material with general school, especially English.
In general school, students learn about grammar and expression as well as of phonetics and provide a stronger or weaker basis for possible later language studies. Meanwhile, in vocational school, students ought to learn English based on their need. Because of that, teacher must applied English for Specific Purposes and authentic materials in English teaching.
But as author’s observation on SMK YPT Pangkalan Brandan, the
materials that deliver and use in this school are not proper to students’ needs. In
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taught by using teaching materials that unrelated to vehicle. One of the phenomena is the students learn about descriptive text.
Here are the facts which have found in students’ text books. My Best Friend
and wavy black hair that she often puts in a ponytail. At school, she wears the uniform. Other than that, she likes to wear jeans casual t-shirts and sneakers. Her favorite t-shirts are those in bright colors like pink, light green, and orange. She is always cheerful. She is also very friendly and likes to make friend with anyone. Like many other girls, she also talkative. She likes to
share her thoughts and feelings to her friends. I think that’s why
many friends enjoy her company. However, she can be a bit
childish sometimes. For example, when she doesn’t get what she wants, she acts like a child and stamps her feet.
Dinda loves drawing, especially the manga characters. She has a sketchbook with her everywhere she goes. She would spend some time to draw the manga characters from her imagination. Her sketches are amazingly great. I’m really glad to have a best friend like Dinda
Besides describing people, another text that learned by students is describing place.
Tanjung Puting National Park
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because they have enormous snout. So, imagine yourself to be in the jungles and meet these special animals in their original habitat. What will you do when you meet them?
To see orang utan we should go to Camp Leakey. Camp Leakey is located in the heart of Tanjung Puting National Park. This is a rehabilitation place for ex-captive orang utans and also a preservation site. This camp was established by Birute Galdikas, an important scientist who has studied orang utans since 1971.
To reach the place, we should take a boat down Sekonyer River. The boat is popularly called perahu klotok which is a boathouse that can accommodate four people. The trip by the boar to Camp Laekey takes three days and two nights.
The traveling in the boat offers another unforgettable experience. You sleep, cook and ear in that klotok, night and day during your journey into the jungle. In daylight, on your way to night, you can enjoy the clear sky and the amazingly bright starts as the only lights for the night.
Unfortunately, those texts are not related with students’ needs in Light
ecotourism destinations in Indonesia is Tanjung Puting” (Tanjung Putting
National Park, line 1), “This is called a park, but unlike any parks a jungle”
(Tanjung Putting National Park, line 4), and “The boat is popularly called perahu
klotok” (Tanjung Putting National Park, line 17).
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materials related to machine and vehicle meaning that the reading materials should be based on their needs.
In this case, a teacher has a responsibility to facilitate students’ learning in
the classroom. As someone who knows well what students need, a teacher has a right to take decision about teaching material which will be delivered to students, teaching methods, and evaluation for students. If teacher find that existing
materials do not proper or fulfill students’ needs, they should develop that teaching materials in order to find what students need.
It is suggested that teacher have to develop reading materials based on
students’ needs on vocational purposes as an application of English for Specific
Purposes. By designing materials based on their focus, so the students will get easier to understand the text.
The development of reading materials is started by gathering information from students and teacher, analyzing students’ need of light vehicle engineering student, designing materials, validating the materials to experts (teacher,
headmaster and validator), revising the materials based on experts’ suggestions
and the materials have developed.
B. The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the problem of study
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C. The Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is to develop English reading materials which are suitable to the needs of students of Light Vehicle Engineering Department.
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is developing English reading materials based on English for Light Vehicle Engineering on SMK YPT Pangkalan Brandan, Light Vehicle Engineering Department. It will be applied for the first grade. This study will be concerned on reading comprehension skill, especially descriptive text about describing person, tourism place, and historical building.
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of this research can be useful to teachers theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the findings of this research provide information and theories of how develop English reading material to teacher. Meanwhile practically, it can be references to teacher especially in Light Vehicle Engineering Department to develop teaching materials and they know the importance of materials development in teaching-learning process.
Moreover, the students will be motivated to learn English which is integrated to their needs. In addition, this finding can be reference to the next researches who want to conduct a research of developing teaching materials bases
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Light Vehicle Engineering students need to learn English especially in reading skill to support their expertise program and motivate them. But the existing reading materials are not effective for the students because the topics and vocabularies of reading materials are not relevant to their department. The existing materials are to general for them. There is gap between the materials with their prior knowledge.
The condition of learning process is not satisfied for the teachers and the students, so it needs the improvement by developing teaching
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B. Suggestions
1. Teachers
Teachers should consider the students need in learning process. Teachers should develop the materials if the existing materials are too general and not relevant for the students need. Teachers should develop materials which will be taught to the students based on the student needs and major in order to make the students can understand the materials well and can apply it in their daily life to improve their reading skill, because the materials motivate the students in learning process.
2. Institution
The institutions should supervise the teachers to use the appropriate materials to the students need in using the materials in the school. Institution also has to choose, provide and distribute the books which are relevant to the students need in the school in order to make the students understand the materials.
3. Other researcher
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