BUKU PANDUAN
MUSEUM BHAKTI TNI
THE GUIDE BOOK OF BHAKTI TNI MUSEUM
Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Pusat Sejarah
Headquarters of the Indonesian National Defense Forces
Center for TNI History
BUKU P
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Kembangkan terus sayapmu demi
kejayaan Tanah Air tercinta ini.
Jadilah Perwira sejati dan pembela
Tanah Air.
Marsekal TNI. S. Soeryadarma
Develop and hold your wing for
glory of this beloved country.
Be a true oficer and defense
Motherland.
Judul/ Title : Buku Panduan Museum Bhaki TNI
The Guide Book Of Bhaki Tni Museum
Penyuning/Editor :
Arisik : Johntefon & Risman Marah ISBN :
Diterbitkan : Pusat Sejarah TNI, Jakarta Isi : xvii + 86 Halaman Ukuran : 155 mm x 210 mm
Kertas : Art Paper 100mg Cetakan : Pertama, Desember 2011
BUKU PANDUAN
MUSEUM BHAKTI TNI
THE GUIDE BOOK OF BHAKTI TNI MUSEUM
Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Pusat Sejarah
MARKAS BESAR TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA PUSAT SEJARAH
KATA SAMBUTAN KEPALA PUSAT SEJARAH TNI
Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, saya menyambut gembira terbitnya Buku Panduan Museum Bhaki TNI. Buku ini diharapkan akan menjadi bahan informasi yang relaif lengkap bagi pengunjung mengenai isi dan materi Museum Bhaki TNI.
Museum Bhaki TNI merupakan salah satu museum dalam jajaran Pusat Sejarah TNI (Pusjarah TNI) menyajikan visualisasi berbagai kisah pengabdian TNI kepada Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), antara lain dimaksudkan untuk memberikan informasi yang benar tentang kiprah TNI dalam ikut serta secara akif membangun tanah air tercinta. Selain itu keberadaan Museum Bhaki TNI ini juga diharapkan sebagai sarana pelestarian dan pewarisan jiwa patrioisme prajurit kepada generasi muda guna menghadapi tantangan ke depan yang lebih kompleks sehingga pada saatnya nani mereka siap dan berhasil menjalankan tugas negara yang diembannya.
Kepada im penyusun buku ini, saya sampaikan ucapan terimakasih dan selamat atas hasil karyanya, mudah-mudahan maksud dan tujuan yang terkandung dalam penyajian buku ini dapat tercapai.
Akhirnya, semoga Buku Panduan Museum Bhaki TNI ini dapat memberikan kemudahan dan bermanfaat bagi kita untuk mengenal lebih dekat isi dan materi Museum Bhaki TNI.
Jakarta, Nopember 2011 Kepala Pusat Sejarah TNI
HEADQUARTERS OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL MILITARY CENTER FOR TNI HISTORY
ADDRESS BY CHIEF OF THE CENTER FOR INDONESIAN NATIONAL MILITARY HISTORY
With thanksgiving praise presence of Almighty God, I warmly welcome the publicaion of Bhaki TNI Museum Handbook. The book is expected to be relaively complete material informaion for visitors on the content and materials Museum of Bhaki TNI.
Bhaki TNI Museum is one museum in the ranks of TNI History Center (Pusjarah TNI) presents the visualizaion of various stories to the military service of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), among others, are meant to provide correct informaion about the gait TNI paricipated acively in building the homeland beloved. Besides the existence of Bhaki TNI Museum is also expected as a means of preservaion and inheritance warrior spirit of patrioism to the young generaion to face the challenges ahead are more complex so that in ime they are ready and managed to run the duty of the state was adoping.
To the drating team of this book, I would like to thank and congratulate him on his work, hopefully the intent and objecives contained in the presentaion of this book can be achieved.
Finally, hopefully Bhaki TNI Museum Handbook can provide convenience and beneicial for us to know beter the content and materials Museum of Bhaki TNI.
Jakarta, November 2011 Head of Military History
DAFTAR ISI
Kata Sambutan Kapusjarah TNI
(Address by the Chief of the Center for Indonesian Naional Military History) ... iv, v
Datar Isi (Contents) ... viii
DenahLokasi Museum Bhaki TNI (The Map of the Bhaki TNI Museum) ... x
Penerangan Umum (Public Informaion) ... xi
Selayang Pandang Museum Bhaki TNI (Overview) .... xiii
I. RUANG 1 : Prolog (Prologue) ... 1
a. Panji-Panji TNI (Banners TNI) b. Visi dan Misi TNI (Vision & Mission TNI) II. RUANG 2 : Operasi Militer (Military Operaion) ... 3
a. Operasi Trikora (Trikora Operaion) ... 4
b. Operasi Dwikora (Dwikora Operaion) ... 9
c. Operasi Seroja (Seroja Operaion) ... 12
III. RUANG 3 : Operasi Penumpasan Pemberontakan Bersenjata (Armed Insurgency) ... 15
a. Penumpasan Gerakan 30 September/PKI (Annihilaion of 30th September/ Indonesian Communist Party Movement) ... 16
b. Mengatasi GPK Aceh (Subjudgaing the Rebellion of Free Aceh Movement) ... 19
c. Mengatasi Kerusuhan Ambon (Overcoming Ambon Riots) ... 23
IV. RUANG 4 : Tugas-Tugas Internasional (Internaional Duies) ... 25
V. RUANG 5 : Membantu Pemerintah di Daerah (Assising the Government in Local Areas) ... 29
a. Operasi Jembatan Udara (Air Bridge Operaion) ... 32
b. Bhaki Sosial Keluarga Berencana Terpadu (Social Acivity Integrated Family Planning) ... 34
c. Bhaki Sosial TNI Membantu Korban Bencana (Social Acivity of TNI Assist Disaster Vicims) ... 35
d. Bidang Pendidikan (Educaion) ... 36
e. Penghijauan (Go Green) ... 36
f. Bhaki Sosial Bunaken (Social Service Bunaken) ... 37
VI. RUANG 6 : Membantu Kepolisian dalam Tugas Kamibmas
(Help the Police in Keeping Public Order and Security) ... 39
Pengamanan VVIP (Securing of the VVIP) ... 41
VII. RUANG 7 : Penanggulangan Akibat Bencana Alam (Natural Disaster Atermath Responses) ... 43
a. Banjir Bandang di Wasior (Flash Flood in Wasior) ... ... 45
b. Semburan Lumpur Lapindo (Lapindo Mudlow in Sidoarjo) ... 47
c. Gempa Bumi di Sumatera Barat (Earthquake in West Sumatera) ... 48
d. Tanah Longsor di Ciwidey (Landslide in Ciwidey, West Java) ... 50
VIII. RUANG 8 : Tugas Search and Rescue (SAR) (Search and Rescue (SAR) Duty) ... 51
IX. RUANG 9 : Pengamanan Pelayaran dan Penerbangan (Shipping and Flight Security) ... 55
X RUANG 10 : Mengamankan Wilayah Perbatasan (Secure Border Area) ... 59
XI RUANG 11 : Pencitraan TNI (Imaging TNI) ...... 63
a. Ekspedisi Mount Everest (Mount Everest Expediion) ...... 64
b. Tim Aerobaik Elang Biru (Aerobaic Team "Elang Biru") ...... 65
c. Tim Aerobaik Jupiter (Aerobaic Team "Jupiter") ...... 66
d. Tim Aerobaik Thunder (Aerobaic Team "Thunder") ...... 66
e. Sail Bunaken 2009 (Sail Bunaken) ...... 68
f. Arung Samudera 95 (Ocean Whitewater '95) ...... 70
XII. RUANG 12 : Alutsista TNI (Main Equipment and Weapon Systems of the Indonesian Naional Army) ... . 71
XIII. RUANG 13 : Peran TNI Dalam Reformasi Nasional (The Role of the Indonesian Naional Military in the Naional Reformed) ... 75
DENAH LOKASI MUSEUM BHAKTI TNI
Lokasi:
Museum Bhaki TNI berada di lokasi Markas Besar TNI , Cilangkap, Jakarta Timur
Telpon:
021 8459 5912
Email:
www.sejarahtni.mil.id
Hari dan Jam Buka:
Museum Bhaki TNI dibuka untuk umum seiap hari Senin sampai Jumat mulai pukul 09.00 sampai dengan 14.00 WIB, kecuali hari
Sabtu dan Minggu
Biaya Masuk:
Pengunjung Museum Bhaki TNI idak dipungut biaya (grais)
Sarana yang lain:
1. Bagi pengunjung rombongan (minimal 50 orang) disediakan tenaga pemandu (guide)
Bahasa Indonesia maupun Bahasa Inggris. 2. Tersedia fasilitas parkir, toilet
Locaion:
The Bhaki TNI Museum is located in the headquarters of the Indonesian Naional
Military, Cilangkap, East Jakarta
Phone:
021 8459 5912
Email:
www.sejarahtni.mil.id
Hours:
The Bhaki TNI Museum opened to public everyday from 08.30 to 16.00 except on
Monday
Admission:
Free of Charge
Other Faciliies:
1. English and Indonesian speaking guides are available for the group
(minimum 50 people) 2. Parking area
PENERANGAN UMUM
Indonesian Naional Army (TNI) as a power of naional defense of The Republic of
Indonesia (NKRI) shall carry out the Indonesia’s defense policy in upholding state sovereignty, defending territorial integrity, protecing the safety of the naion, running military operaions for war (Operasi Militer untuk Perang (OMP)) and military operaions other than war (Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP)), and also paricipaing acively in regional and internaional peacekeeping mission. Since its birth in the revoluion era unil now, TNI has always taken a real role in building and securing NKRI from all kinds of threats, challenges, obstacles, and the exist interferences.
As an instrument of the country in defense system, TNI always and coninuously gives protecion for the existence and sovereignty of NKRI from many bad eforts of outside or inside paries who want to divide even dissolve the integrity of NKRI. At the relaively young age, TNI has been faced with threats and challenges that makes TNI becomes more mature, wise, and inally successes in managing and solving all threats and challenges so on. In the period of 1961-1962, TNI succeeded in managing Trikora Operaion where the enemy forces who want to disrupt territorial integrity of NKRI could be defeated. In the period of 1963-1966, TNI succeeded in managing Dwikora Operaion to blockade foreign forces that would disrupt the Indonesian struggle towards a beter future. Entering 1965-1968, TNI succeeded in thwaring and crushing the eforts of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) that wanted to change the ideology and form of the state. Then in period of 1975, TNI carried out Seroja Operaion to help the people in Portuguese
Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) sebagai alat pertahanan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) bertugas melaksanakan kebijakan pertahanan negara untuk menegakkan kedaulatan negara, mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah, dan melindungi keselamatan bangsa, menjalankan operasi militer untuk perang (OMP) dan operasi militer selain perang (OMSP), serta ikut secara akif dalam tugas perdamaian regional dan internasional. Sejak kelahirannya, pada masa revolusi hingga kini, TNI selalu mengambil peran secara nyata dalam membangun dan mengamankan NKRI dari segala macam ancaman, tantangan, hambatan dan gangguan yang ada.
Sebagai alat negara di bidang pertahanan, TNI secara terus-menerus melakukan perlindungan dan bhakinya bagi eksistensi dan keberadaan NKRI dari berbagai upaya pihak tertentu baik dari luar maupun dari dalam negeri yang ingin memecah-belah bahkan membubarkan keutuhan NKRI. Di usianya yang relaif masih muda TNI sudah dihadapkan dengan ancaman dan tantangan yang justru membuat TNI menjadi lebih dewasa dan bijaksana sehingga akhirnya TNI berhasil mengatasi segala ancaman dan tantangan yang ada. Pada periode 1961-1962, TNI berhasil melaksanakan Operasi Trikora sehingga kekuatan musuh yang akan mengganggu keutuhan wilayah NKRI bisa digagalkan. Pada periode 1963-1966, TNI berhasil menggelar Operasi Dwikora guna menghalau kekuatan-kekuatan asing yang akan mengganggu jalannya perjuangan bangsa Indonesia menuju masa depan yang lebih baik. Memasuki tahun 1965-1968, TNI berhasil menggagalkan dan menumpas
upaya-SELAYANG PANDANG MUSEUM BHAKTI TNI
Timor who wanted to join with NKRI. Besides conducted the military operaions, TNI also conducted an armed movement crackdown carried out by a group of ciizens who act against the legiimate government of Indonesia. In 1995-1996, TNI carried out operaions to free hostages in Mapanduma. Prior to the tsunami in 2004, TNI conducted marial law in the territory of Aceh Special Region.
Besides military operaions inside of the country, TNI also acively and coninuously carried out internaional assignments. Those are not only as evidence of internaional recogniion for the existence of TNI, but also as the implementaion of mandate in The Opening of The State Consituion 1945, which is “paricipaing in the establishment peace of world”. The implementaion of this internaional assignment began since the sending of the irst Garuda Coningent (Konga I) to Egypt in 1957 unil recently (2011) TNI has sent the thirty third Garuda Coningent (Konga XXXIII).
upaya Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) yang akan merubah ideologi dan bentuk negara. Memasuki periode 1975, TNI melaksanakan Operasi Seroja guna membantu rakyat di Timor Portugis yang ingin bergabung dengan NKRI. Selain melaksanakan tugas operasi militer, TNI juga melaksanakan penumpasan gerakan bersenjata yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok warga negara yang berindak melawan pemerintahan Republik Indonesia (RI) yang sah. Pada tahun 1995-1996, TNI melaksanakan Operasi Pembebasan Sandera di Mapanduma. Sebelum terjadi Tsunami tahun 2004 TNI melaksanakan Darurat Militer di wilayah Daerah Isimewa Aceh.
As the implementaion of basic duty that has been mandated in the law of Indonesia number 34 year 2004, TNI conducts job of assising local governments in developing and advancing infrastructure in the region of Indonesia as well as in health, educaion and social welfare. Those duies are realized with the special programs that coninuously executed by TNI such as Tentara Manunggal Masuk Desa (TMMD) which conducted by Army, Suryabhaskara Jaya which conducted by Navy, and the Pelangi Nusantara which conducted by Air Force.
The duty in assising the Indonesian Police for security and public order is implemented in the form of mass riots tackling, demonstraions security, and terrorism prevenion eforts. VVIP security duty is performed by securing the President and his family as well as Vice President and his family. The natural disaster miigaion jobs are performed by forming a task force which directly deployed in disaster area such as landslides, loods, volcanic erupion, earthquakes, forest ires, and tsunami.
Search and Rescue (SAR) operaion is conducted in order to help the vicims of accidents from land, sea and the air. Shipping and aviaion security duies are carried out to prevent the eforts of certain groups who want to make endanger of safety life, goods, or natural resources. The acions are by doing piracy countermeasures ships and aircrat, the prevenion of illegal logging, illegal ishing, and illegal mining. Meanwhile the task in securing border area and vital objects are implemented by forming a task force who immediately deployed in border areas and naional vital objects.
Besides military operaions of war and military operaions other than war, TNI also carries out adventurous expediion aciviies in order to obtain new data and experience that will
greatly useful for the future. The examples of those expediions are Mount Everest Expediion, Arung Samudera 95, Sail Bunaken 2009, Elang Biru Aerobaics, and Bukit Barisan Expediion.
During its jobs, TNI has been equipped by the main weaponry system (defense equipment) from the domesic and abroad. Historically TNI’s defense equipment faced various condiions such as very simple condiion where the main weaponry system only relies on the war relics from Japan and the Netherlands. TNI has ever faced a very proud condiion in 1962, where the main weaponry system was the largest and most modern weaponry in Southeast Asia. Unil now the condiions of TNI defense equipments dynamically changing along with the inancial capacity of Indonesia. The era of reformaion was blowing hard into all sectors of naional living in the end of 1998. In line with that, TNI also arranged a reposiion for its jobs and duies in the naional living. The TNI’s reposiioning is possible for TNI as an instrument of the country in defense system accordance with Law Number 34 Year 2004.
jiwa ataupun kerugian material dan kekayaan negara seperi penanggulangan pembajakan kapal laut dan pesawat udara, pencegahan illegal logging, illegal ishing, dan illegal minning. Sedangkan tugas mengamankan wilayah perbatasan dan objek vital
R U A N G
ROOM
1
PROLOG
PROLOGUE
VISI TNI
VISION TNI
MISI TNI
VISI TNI
TERWUJUDNYA PERTAHANAN NEGARA YANG TANGGUH VISION TNI
ESTABILISHMENT OF A STRONG NATIONAL DEFENSE
MISI TNI
MENJAGA KEDAULATAN DAN KEUTUHAN WILAYAH NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA (NKRI) SERTA KESELAMATAN BANGSA
MISION TNI
R U A N G
R O O M
2
OPERASI MILITER
MILITARY OPERATION
TRIKORA
TRIKORA OPERATION
DWIKORA
DWIKORA OPERATION
SEROJA
Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB) yang
berlangsung di Den Haag Belanda dari tanggal 23 Agustus sampai dengan 2 September 1949 antara pihak Indonesia dengan Belanda
menyepakai bahwa pelaksanaan penyelesaian
masalah Irian Barat akan dilaksanakan satu tahun setelah penyerahan kedaulatan, namun
dalam kenyataannya pihak Belanda idak
memenuhi kesepakatan tersebut sehingga pihak Indonesia akhirnya menempuh jalan lain dengan Operasi Militer guna membebaskan
wilayah Irian Barat.
Pada 19 Desember 1961, di Alun-alun Lor Yogyakarta, Presiden RI Soekarno mencanangkan Operasi Tri Komando Rakyat (TRIKORA) yang berisi:
1. Gagalkan pembentukan Negara Boneka Papua buatan Belanda Kolonial
2. Kibarkan Merah Puih di Irian Barat Tanah
Air Indonesia
3. Bersiaplah untuk mobilisasi umum guna mempertahankan kemerdekaan dan kesatuan Tanah Air Bangsa.
Sebagai realisasi TRIKORA, Pemerintah Indonesia membentuk Komando Mandala yang bertugas melaksanakan operasi militer guna menghadapi kekuatan militer Belanda di
Irian Barat. Dalam iniltrasi dan penyusupan melalui laut terjadi perisiwa Pertempuran
Round Table Conference or known as Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB) held in Den Haag, Netherlands as of August 23rd to September 2nd, 1949 between Indonesia and
the Dutch had agreed that the setlement of
West Irian problem would be accomplished
one year ater the transfer of sovereignity, but as a mater of fact the Dutch did not comply with the agreement, that eventually Indonesia
should take up another way by means of
Military Operaion to free the West Irian
territory.
As at December 19th, 1961, at Alun-alun Lor (northern Square) Yogyakarta, Indonesian
President, Sukarno proclaimed Operaion
Trikora (Tri Commands of the People) consisted of:
1. Foil the forming of Colonial Dutch’s Puppet State of Papua.
2. Flag The Red and White in West Irian that belongs to motherland of Indonesia.
3. Be ready for general mobilizaion to defend
the independence and the unity of our
Naional Homeland!
To realize the TRIKORA, Indonesian government established “Komando Mandala” having the duty to launch military acion to ight Dutch military force in West Irian. During iniltraion and sea penetraion, The famous Batle of Aru
TRIKORA
Laut Aru pada 15 Januari 1962 antara kesatuan TNI AL dengan kesatuan militer Belanda yang mengakibatkan tenggelamnya Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) RI Macan Tutul dan gugurnya Komodor Yosaphat Sudarso beserta anak buah
kapal secara ksatria.
Tahapan Operasi Trikora:
1. Tahapan Poliik Damai berlangsung sejak tahun 1950-1957. Klaim nasional atas Irian
Barat melalui berbagai perundingan bilateral
antara RI-Belanda, dengan perantara PBB. 2. Tahapan Poliik Konfrontasi dalam bidang ekonomi yang diperluas pada bidang poliik
dan militer, berlangsung sejak tahun
1958-1960.
3. Tahapan Poliik Tekanan dimulai sejak
tanggal 19 Desember 1961 dengan
Komando Presiden RI berupa Trikora. Pada
tahap ini operasi militer terbatas sudah
dimulai.
4. Tahapan Poliik Kekerasan dimulai sejak tanggal 28 Mei 1962. Presiden/Pangi APRI
(Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia) memutuskan untuk melancarkan operasi militer secara terbuka ke Irian Barat, yang
dikenal dengan Keputusan Jakarta. 5. Tahapan Poliik Pengamanan, dimulai sejak
tanggal 15 Agustus 1962, yaitu tercapainya
persetujuan New York sampai Irian Barat
diserahkan kembali oleh Belanda kepada RI
melalui perantara PBB.
Pengerahan Kekuatan Operasi Trikora Komponen Angkatan:
1. ADLA (Angkatan Darat Mandala) 2. ALLA (Angkatan Laut Mandala) 3. AULA (Angkatan Udara Mandala) 4. Kepolisian Negara RI
5. Komando Pertahanan Udara Gabungan
Pelaksanaan Kampanye Operasi Trikora: A. Fase Iniltrasi
1. Iniltrasi Lewat Laut Pra Mandala
a. Satuan Iniltrasi Pengintai diberangkatkan
11 dan 13 Maret 1962
Sea broke out on 15 January 1962 between RI Marine Corps with Dutch military force causing the sinking of Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) RI Macan Tutul and the killing of Commodore Yosaphat Sudarso and his crews.
Phases of Operaion Trikora:
1. Amicable Setlement during 1950-1957. Naional claim upon West Irian was
discussed through various bilateral negoitaions between the RI-the Dutch, with
UNO as mediator.
2. Poliics of Confrontaion in economic sector, expanded to poliics and military sectors, held during 1958-1960.
3. Poliics of Pressures as of Desember
19th,1961 with the President’s command
of Operaion Trikora. In this phase limited military operaion was commenced. 4. Poliics of Stringency as of May 28th 1962.
The President /Highest Commander of APRI (Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia)
decided to launch an open military acion to
West Irian, known as Decree of Jakarta.
5. Poliics of Security, as of August 15th 1962,
with the signing of New York Agreement declaring that West Irian shall be handed
back by the Dutch to RI with UNO as mediator.
Mobilizaion of Operaion Trikora Force
Components: 1. ADLA (Mandala Army) 2. ALLA (Mandala Marine Corps)
3. AULA (Mandala Air Force)
4. State Police of RI
5. Consolidated Air Defence Command
The Campaign of Operaion Trikora:
A. Iniltraion Phase
1. Pre Mandala Sea Iniltraion
a. Iniltraion Surveillance Unit, dispatched on
11 and 13 March 1962
b. Guerrilla troops 300 (PG-300), dispatched on 18 dan 20 March 1962. The troops
b. Pasukan Gerilya 300 (PG-300)
diberangkatkan 18 dan 20 Maret 1962. Pasukan terdiri atas Putera Irian Barat. c. Pasukan Gerilya 400 (PG-400) berkekuatan
39 personel diberangkatkan Maret 1962
d. Pasukan Gerilya 500 (PG-500) berkekuatan
87 personel, diberangkatkan Maret 1962
e. Pasukan Gerilya 600 (PG-600) berkekuatan 31 personel diberangkatkan Maret 1962. 2. Operasi-operasi Angkatan Laut Mandala. Operasi Show of Force, Operasi Cakra,
Operasi Lumba-lumba
3. Iniltrasi Lewat Udara. Operasi Banteng
Ketaton, Operasi Garuda, Operasi Serigala, Operasi Kancil, Operasi Naga, Operasi
Rajawali, Operasi Lumbung, Operasi Jatayu
B. Fase Eksploitasi
1. Operasi Jayawijaya 2. Operasi Khusus
Susunan Komando Teringgi (KOTI Pembebasan
Irian Barat (Pemirbar) dan Komando Mandala:
a. Panglima Besar KOTI : Presiden Soekarno b. Wakil Panglima Besar : Jenderal
A.H. Nasuion d. Kepala Staf Umum : Kolonel Ahmad Tahir e. Kepala Sekretariat : Mayor CKH Parwis Nasuion, SH
Kekuatan Pasukan Dalam Operasi Trikora:
1. Angkatan Darat
Adapun kekuatan Angkatan Darat Mandala melibatkan semua satuan darat yang berada di daerah Mandala itu (Indonesia bagian
c. Guerrilla troops 400 (PG-400) consisted of
39 personnels dispatched on March 1962
d. Guerrilla troops 500 (PG-500) consisted of 87 personnels, dispatched on March 1962 e. Guerrilla troops 600 (PG-600) consisted of
31 personnels dispatched on March 1962.
2. Mandala Navy Seal Operaion. Show of Force operaion, Cakra Operaion, Dolphin Operaion
3. Air Iniltraion. Operaion Banteng Ketaton (Wounded Bulls), Operaion Garuda (Eagle), Operaion Serigala (Fox), Operaion
Kancil (Mouse Deer), Operaion Dragon, Operaion Eagle, Operaion Lumbung (Rice
Barn), Operaion Jatayu
B. Exploitaion Phase
1. Operaion Jayawijaya 2. Special Operaion
Composiion of Highest Command (Komando Teringgi, KOTI) of West Irian Liberaion
(Pembebasan Irian Barat, Pemirbar) and Mandala Commando:
Structure of Mandala Commando: a. Mandala Commander : Mayor General
Soeharto
b. Deputy Commander I : Sea Commodore Sudomo
c. Deputy Commander II : Air Commodore
Leo Waimena
d. Chief of General Staf : Colonel Ahmad Tahir
e. Chief Secretary : Mayor CKH
Parwis Nasuion, SH
Armed Forces in Operaion Trikora:
1. Army Forces
Timur), yakni Kodam XIII/Merdeka, Kodam XIV/ Hasanuddin, Kodam XV/Paimura, dan Kodam XVI/Udayana. Di samping itu dikerahkan
satuan tempur antara lain terdiri atas satu Divisi Infantri, dua Brigade Para Linud, satu Detasemen Pasukan Khusus, dan Satuan
Bantuan Tempur lainnya. Mulai medio 1962
hingga medio 1963 pengerahan pasukan dari Angkatan darat terdiri dari 73 batalyon infanteri, Satu RTP Brimob, Satu Yon Zikon, Dua Ki Zipur, Satu Ki Tank, Tujuh Rai Arsu, dan Enam
Rai Armed.
2. Angkatan Laut
Kekuatan ALRI yang terlibat dalam Trikora yaitu
Angkatan Tugas Amphibi-17 (ATA-17) melipui
satuan unsur kapal dan satuan pasukan pendarat, terdiri dari: 2 kapal destroyer, 2 fregat, 2 corvet, 4 kapal selam (6 kapal selam cadangan), 2 kapal torpedo, 12 kapal torpedo
cepat, 4 kapal penyapu ranjau, 6 LST, 2 AKA/
APA, 3 salvage, 2 tanker, 3 kapal rumah sakit,
1 skuadron kapal transport (melipui kapal evakuasi, HQ Ship dan kapal untuk cadangan).
Adapun nama-nama kapal perangnya, antara lain: RI Multatuli, RI Sultan Iskandar Muda
(DD), RI Siliwangi (DD), RI Imam Bonjol (FF), RI Suropai (FF), RI Paimura (FF), RI Hasanuddin (FF), RI Harimau (MTB), RI
Beruang (MTB), RI Anoa (MTB), dan RI Macan
Kumbang (MTB). Sedangkan 4 nama kapal selam yang digunakan yaitu: RI Candrarasa, RI Nagarangsang, RI Trisula, dan RI Nagabanda.
Disamping itu, kekuatan ALRI dibantu oleh 1 brigade pengembangan Pasukan Armada Tugas (Paskomartu)
3. Angkatan Udara
Kekuatan Tempur (KT) AURI pada masa
Trikora terdiri atas: KT Senopai terdiri atas: Pesawat IL-28 Ilyusin, pesawat buru sergap Mig-17, pesawat pembom B-25 Mitchel, pesawat pembom B-26 Invader, pesawat
Mandala Area (Eastern of Indonesia) consist of Regional Military Command (Kodam) XIII/Merdeka, Regional Military Command (Kodam) XIV/Hasanuddin, Regional Military
Command (Kodam) XV/Paimura, and
Regional Military Command (Kodam) XVI/ Udayana. Besides that, Indonesian Army of
Mandala also deploy several combat units such as 1 Infantry Division, 2 Airborne Brigades, 1 Special Force Detachment and another combat/administraive services. Staring in the middle of 1962 unil the middle of 1963, the
deployment of Indonesian Army troops consist
of 73 Infantry Batalion, 1 RTP Mobile Brigade, 1 Construcion Engineering Batalion, 2 Combat Engineering Company, 1 Tank Company, 7 Ani Air Raid Arillery Batery, and 6 Field Arillery Batery.
2. General Marine Corps
ALRI strength involved in Trikora Amphibious Task Force-17 (ATA-17) comprised ship
elementary unit and landing forces unit,
consising of: 2 destroyer boats, two frigates, two corvets, 4 submarines (6 submarine
backup), 2 torpedo boats, 12 fast torpedo boats, 4 minesweepers, six LSTs, 2 AKA /
APA, 3 Salvage, 2 tankers, 3 hospital ships,
one squadron of transport ship (including
evacuaion ship, HQ Ship and stand-by ships). Whereas the gunboats are given the names
of: RI Multatuli, RI Sultan Iskandar Muda
(DD), RI Siliwangi (DD), RI Imam Bonjol (FF), RI Suropai (FF), RI Paimura (FF), RI Hasanuddin (FF), RI Harimau (MTB), RI Beruang (MTB), RI
Anoa (MTB), and RI Macan Kumbang (MTB). Whereas the name of 4 submarines were: RI Candrarasa, RI Nagarangsang, RI Trisula, and
RI Nagabanda. In addiion, ALRI troops were
angkut C-47 Dakota dan C-130 Hercules, pesawat intai Albatros/Catalina. KT Baladewa terdiri atas: 6 buah pesawat angkut C-47/ Dakota. KT Bimasaki terdiri atas: 4 pesawat pembom B-25 Mitchel, 2 pesawat pembom B-26 Invader, 6 pesawat pembom P-51 Mustang, 1 pesawat ampibhi Catalina. KT Sorong terdiri atas: pesawat pembom P-51 Mustang.
Operasi TRIKORA melibatkan seluruh kesatuan militer Indonesia dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dan telah memaksa pihak Belanda untuk melanjutkan perundingan damai dengan
Indonesia. Pada tanggal 20 Maret 1962, di Washington DC diadakan perundingan
lanjutan antara Indonesia dengan Belanda atas
dorongan pihak Amerika Serikat (AS). Dalam perundingan itu berhasil disepakai formulasi
penyelesaian masalah sengketa Irian Barat
antara Indonesia dengan Belanda.
Akhirnya pada 31 Desember 1962, Belanda menyerahkan Irian Barat kepada Persatuan
Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) melalui United Naions Temporary Execuive Authority (UNTEA). Pada 1 Mei 1963 pukul 12.30 waktu setempat,
bendera PBB diturunkan dan kekuasaan atas Irian Barat diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada
pemerintah Indonesia.
Catatan:
Jumlah korban dalam Operasi Trikora:
Angkatan Darat 124 orang, Angkatan Laut 30
orang, Angkatan Udara 136 orang, Kepolisian
74 orang, dan Sukarelawan 12 orang.
3. Air Force
Combat Force (KT) AURI during the Trikora consisted of: KT Senopai which consisted of: IL-28 Ilyusin Aircrat, Mig-17 hunter aircrats, bomber B-25 Mitchel, bomber B-26 Invader, transporter C-47 Dakota and C-130 Hercules, surveillance aircrat Albatros/Catalina. KT Baladewa consisted of: 6 transport aircfrats C-47/Dakota. KT Bimasaki consisted of:
4 bombers B-25 Mitchel, 2 bombers B-26
Invader, 6 aircrat bombers P-51 Mustang, 1 ampibhi aircrat Catalina. Sorong Aircrats
consisted of: bombers P-51 Mustang.
Operaion Trikora involved all Indonesian
military forces in a tremendous number and
had forced the Dutch to coninue peaceful negoitaion with Indonesia. On 20 March 1962, in Washington DC, an advanced negoitaion
between Indonesia and The Dutch was held
with the support of United States. The meeing had agreed a resoluion to West Irian dispute
between both countries.
Finally on 31 December 1962, The Dutch assigned The West Irian to United Naions through United Naions Temporary Execuive Authority (UNTEA). On 1 May 1963 at 12.30 local ime, UNO Flag was descended and the authority over West Irian was fully given to The Indonesian Government.
There were many Indonesian Defense Force personnels and volunteers who killed in acion when Indonesia military operaion occurred,
consist of:
Konfrontasi antara Indonesia dengan
Persekutuan Tanah Melayu berawal dari niat
Perdana Menteri (PM) Tengku Abdul Rahman yang didukung penuh oleh Inggris untuk
membentuk Federasi Malaysia yang wilayahnya melipui Semenanjung Malaka (Persekutuan
Tanah Melayu dan Singapura) dan sebagian
besar Kalimantan Utara (Serawak, Sabah dan Brunai) pada tanggal 16 September 1963.
Niat pembentukan itu ditentang Indonesia
dan Piliphina. Indonesia berpendapat bahwa pembentukan Federasi Malaysia merupakan
usaha kolonial dan Imperialisme baru di
wilayah Asia Tenggara karena bertentangan dengan poliik Indonesia yang ani Kolonialisme
dan Imperialisme serta bertentangan dengan prosedur PBB yang membahayakan
kawasan Asia Tenggara, khususnya perjuangan Revolusi Indonesia. Pada 17 September 1963,
Pemerintah Indonesia memutuskan hubungan
diplomaik dengan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu.
Perundingan antara Indonesia dengan Malaysia menemui jalan buntu, sehingga pihak Indonesia menempuh jalan militer
guna menggagalkan pembentukan Federasi Malaysia. Pada apel besar Sukarelawan, 3
Mei 1964 di Jakarta, Presiden RI Soekarno
mencanangkan Operasi Dwi Komando Rakyat (DWIKORA) yang berisi : Perhebat ketahanan
DWIKORA
DWIKORA OPERATION
Confrontaion between Indonesia and Malay
Alliance (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu) was started when Malaysia Prime Minister Tengku
Abdul Rahman having the full support from
the Britain, intended to establish Malaysia
Federaion whose territory covers Malacca
Peninsula (Malay Alliance and Singapore) and major part of North Kalimantan (Serawak, Sabah and Brunai) on 16 September 1963.
Such iniiaive was opposed by Indonesia
and Philippine. Indonesia argued that the
formaion of Malaysia Federaion was a
colonial enterprise which represent some sort of new Imperialism in Southeast Asia, since
Indonesia holds the spirit of ani Colonialism
and Imperialism, and since it was contradict the UN procedures, and may endanger the Southeast Asia region, especially the struggle
of the Indonesian Revoluion. On 17 September 1963, the Government of Indonesia broke of diplomaic relaions with the Malay Alliance. Negoiaions between Indonesia and Malaysia came to an impasse, that eventually Indonesian military took military acions to thwart the formaion of Malaysia Federaion.
In the great rally of Volunteers, on 3 May, 1964 in Jakarta, President Sukarno proclaimed
Operaion Dwikora (Two Commands of The
Revolusi Indonesia dan Bantu perjuangan Revolusioner Rakyat Malaya, Singapura, Sabah, Serawak dan Brunai.
Selain mengerahkan para sukarelawan,
Pemerintah Indonesia membentuk Komando Tugas dan Satuan Tugas Militer
guna menggagalkan pembentukan Federasi Malaysia. Komando Tugas dan Satgas dibentuk
Indonesia antara lain : Komando Siaga (KOGA) merupakan komando gabungan antar
angkatan. Komando ini dibentuk berdasarkan
the strength of Indonesian Revoluion and help the People’s Revoluionary struggle in
Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei.
In addiion to mobilizing volunteers, the Government of Indonesia had also formed Task Force Command and the Military Task Force in order to thwart the formaion of Malaysia Federaion. Task Force Command and Task Forces formed by Indonesia, among
others were: Standby Commando (Komando Kopral KKO Usman anggota kesatuan Batalyon III KKO-AL. nama aslinya
adalah Djamain bin Haji Moh. Ali. Usman adalah nama samaran untuk melaksanakan tugas sebagai Sukarelawan Dwikora. Ia gugur di iang gantungan di Changi Singapura, pada tanggal 17 Oktober 1968 sebagai Pahlawan Pembela Kemerdekaan dalam melaksanakan tugas Operasi Dwikora. Kopral KKO Usman dimakamkan di TMP Kalibata dan sebagai penghargaan pangkatnya dinaikkan satu ingkat menjadi Sersan Anumerta KKO.
Marines Corporal unitary member Usman III Batalion Marines-Navy. real name is Djamain bin Haji Mohammad. Ali. Usman is a pseudonym to carry out duies as a Volunteer Dwikora. He died on the gallows in Changi Singapore, on October 17, 1968 as the Heroes of Independence in performing duies Defender Operaion Dwikora. Marines Corporal
Usman was buried in the TMP Kalibata and as a tribute was promoted
to sergeant posthumously one level Marines.
Prako Harun anggota KKO AL. nama aslinya Tohir bin Sahid. Ia bersama Usman masuk Team Brahmana I Sukarelawan Dwikora. Harun nama samaran untuk melaksanakan tugas sebagai sukarelawan Dwikora. Ia gugur di iang gantungan di Changi Singapura pada tanggal 17 Oktober 1968 dalam tugas Operasi Dwikora sebagai Pahlawan Pembela Kemerdekaan. Prako Harun dimakamkan di TMP Kalibata dan sebagai penghargaan pangkatnya dinaikkan menjadi Kopral Anumerta KKO. Harun Prako members of Marines. Tohir bin Sahid real name. He and Usman in. I Volunteer Team Dwikora Brahmins. Aaron pseudonym
to carry out duies as a volunteer Dwikora. He died on the gallows in Changi Singapore on October 17, 1968 in the Operaions task Dwikora
KPT/Pres/Pangi ABRI/Koi No 32/Koi 1964, tanggal 2 Juni 1964. Komando Mandala Siaga
(KOLAGA) merupakan komando pelaksana
Operasi-operasi DWIKORA, Penguasa Pelaksana DWIKORA Daerah (PEPELRADA), Satgas-satgas
Militer dan Komando Ganyang Malaysia
(KOGAM).
Operasi DWIKORA dilaksanakan melalui tahap propaganda, iniltrasi, sabotase dan
pembentukan kantong-kantong gerilya di
wilayah perbatasan. Dalam tahap sabotase iga orang anggota KKO AL (Marinir) yakni Sersan Dua KKO Djanain alias Usman bin Haji
Muhammad Ali, Kopral Satu KKO Tohir alias Harun bin Said dan Gani bin Arup berhasil
melaksanakan tugas sabotase di Changi Singapura pada 9 Maret 1965 pukul 03.07 dini hari. Dalam perjalanan kembali ke Pangkalan
Aju, dua orang prajurit KKO AL tertangkap pada 10 Maret 1965 dan kemudian pada 17 Oktober
1968 dijatuhi hukuman mai oleh Pemerintah Singapura. Atas jasa-jasanya, Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Keppres No : 050/TK/1968
tanggal 17 Oktober 1968 menganugerahi gelar
Pahlawan Nasional.
Operasi militer secara isik berangsur-angsur dihenikan sejak dilaksanakan perundingan Bangkok pada 29 Mei – 19 Juni 1966.
Konfrontasi dengan pihak Malaysia berakhir, setelah ditandatangani “Jakarta Accord” pada
11 Agustus 1966.
Catatan: Jumlah korban dalam Operasi
Dwikora: Angkatan Darat 90 orang, Angkatan Laut 109 orang, Angkatan Udara 144 orang,
Kepolisian 45 orang, dan Sukarelawan 118 orang.
Siaga, Koga) is a joint command between the
exising forces. This Commando was formed
by KPT / President / Highest Commander of
Naional Armed Forces (ABRI) / Koi 32/Koi No. 1964, dated 2 June 1964. Mandala Quick
Response Commando (KOLAGA) is a commando
to execuing Dwikora operaions, Execuive of
Dwikora Authority Area (PEPELRADA), military task forces and Crush Malaysia (Ganyang Malaysia) Military Commando (KOGAM).
Operaion DWIKORA was launched through propaganda, iniltraion, sabotage and the forming guerilla enclaves in frontline areas.
In sabotage phase three personnels of KKO AL
(Marinir) that is Sergeant Two KKO Djanain
alias Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali, Copral One KKO Tohir alias Harun bin Said and Gani bin Arup succeeded to perform a sabotage at
Changi Singapore on 9 March 1965 at 03.07
o’clock early in the morning. On their way back to Pangkalan Aju, two soldiers of KKO
AL were captured on 10 March 1965 and on 17 October 1968 were condemned to hang by the Government of Singapore. For their services, The Indonesian Government by virtue of Presidenial Decree No : 050/TK/1968 dated 17 October 1968 had granted them the itle of Naional Heroes.
The military operaions were ceased gradually ater the signing of Bangkok Agreement on 29 May – 19 June 1966. Confrontaion with Malaysia was inally ended, ater the signing
of “Jakarta Accord” on 11 August 1966.
There were many Indonesian Defense Force personnels and volunteers who killed in acion when Indonesia military operaion occurred,
consist of:
Dwikora Operaion: 90 Indonesian Army personnels, 109 Indonesian Navy personnels, 144 Indonesian Air Force personnels, 45
Indonesian Police personnels, and 118
Menjelang akhir 1975 pemerintah Portugis meninggalkan daerah jajahannya di Timor Portugis, sehingga suasana kacau balau karena terjadi persaingan antar kelompok dan
partai-partai poliik saling berebut kekuasaan. Pada 28 November 1975, Freilin secara
sepihak memproklamasikan berdirinya Negara
Republik Demokraik Timor Timur di bawah
pimpinan Presiden Xavier Da Amaral dan
Perdana Menteri Nicolau Lobato. Tindakan sepihak Freilin tersebut mendapat reaksi keras dari lawan-lawan poliiknya, sehingga
mereka akhirnya sepakat melahirkan “Deklarasi Balibo” pada 30 November 1975 yang berisi kesepakatan untuk bergabung dengan Republik
Indonesia. Tanggal 1 Desember 1975, rakyat
Timor Portugis di pengungsian Atambua (NTT) melaksanakan rapat raksasa dan bertekad
bergabung dengan Indonesia.
Dampak kekacauan di Timor Portugis sangat berpengaruh terhadap keamanan dalam
negeri Indonesia terutama di wilayah NTT. Guna mencegah terjadinya kondisi yang idak
diharapkan Pemerintah Indonesia melakukan pembicaraan dengan pihak Australia dan Amerika Serikat untuk membahas masa
depan dan keamanan di Timor Portugis. Dari hasil pembicaraan tersebut disepakai Operasi Seroja pada 7 Desember 1975.
SEROJA
SEROJA OPERATION
Towards the end of 1975 the Portuguese’s withdrawal was leaving their colony in Portuguese Timor, leaving a chaos due to struggling groups and poliical paries compeing to seize poliical power. On 28 November 1975, Freilin unilaterally proclaimed the founding of the Democraic
Republic of East Timor under the leadership of
President Xavier Da Amaral and Prime Minister Nicolau Lobato. Freilin’s unilateral acion got strong reacion from their poliical opponents, that they were forced and inally agreed “The Balibo Declaraion” on 30 November 1975 staing an agreement to join the Republic of Indonesia. As of 1 December 1975, the people of Portuguese Timor temporarily living
as refugees in the camp of Atambua (Nusa
Tenggara Timor Province) conducted a rally and proclaimed their intenion to integrate
with Indonesia.
Impact of the turmoil in Portuguese Timor was
very much inluenial on Indonesian domesic
security, especially in Eastern Nusa Tenggara region which is included to Indonesian territory.
In order to prevent undesirable circumstances, the Indonesian Government held a series
Operasi Seroja merupakan operasi militer gabungan skala besar yang dibantu berbagai
unsur pendukung partai poliik di Timor Portugis (UDT, Apodei, KOTA dan Trabalista)
untuk merebut dan menduduki kota-kota atau daerah-daerah di Timor Portugis yang diduduki
Freilin. Operasi Seroja berhasil dilaksanakan dengan baik sehingga Freilin terdesak dan
mengundurkan diri ke pedalaman dari
daerah-daerah yang diduduki.
Semakin kuatnya keinginan rakyat Timor Portugis untuk bergabung dengan Indonesia,
maka pada 15 Juli 1976 dalam sidang MPR/
DPR menyetujui RUU masuknya Timor Portugis
ke dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Tanggal 17 Juli 1976 Presiden RI Soeharto menetapkan UU No. 7 tahun 1976
tentang Pengesahan Penyatuan Timor Portugis
ke dalam wilayah NKRI dan pembentukan
Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Timor Timur sebagai propinsi ke-27 serta mengangkat Dos Reis
Araujo sebagai Gubernur dan Francisco Lopes da Cruz sebagai Wakil Gubernur.
Setelah era perang dingin berakhir, maka
terjadi perubahan pengaruh dan kepeningan di kawasan Asia Tenggara, khususnya masalah demokraisasi dan Hak Azasi Manusia (HAM)
yang berpengaruh pada persoalan Timor Timur di dunia internasional, oleh sebab itu Pemerintah Indonesia menyikapinya
dengan bijaksana. Bergulirnya era reformasi,
mengakibatkan munculnya keinginan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menyelesaikan masalah keberadaan Propinsi Timor Timur
secara lebih realisis. Akhirnya Pemerintah
Indonesia mengusulkan untuk memberikan status khusus dengan otonomi luas di Timor
Timur sebagai solusi memecahkan konlik di daerah tersebut.
Status khusus dengan otonomi luas kepada
Timor Timur rupanya idak diminai, sehingga
desakan dunia internasional kepada Indonesia
the launching of Operaion Seroja as at 7 December 1975.
Operaion Seroja is a great scale military operaion supported by various poliical paries in Portuguese Timor (UDT/ Timorese Democraic Union, Apodei/ Popular Democraic Associaion of Timor, KOTA and Trabalista) to seize and to occupy ciies and
areas of Portuguese Timor retained by the
Freilin. Operaion Seroja had succeededthat the Freilin was surpressed and retreated to
hinterland of the occupied areas.
Even stonger moivaion of the people of
Portugese Timor to integrate with Indonesia
lead to the approval of a bill as at 15 July 1976 regarding the integraion of Portugese Timor
to Unitary State Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
On 17 July 1976 President Soeharto sipulated The Law No. 7 year 1976 on The Approval of Portuguse Timor Integraion to the territory
of Unitary State Republic of Indonesia and the
establishment of Level I Region Province of East Timor as 27th province of Indonesia and appointed Dos Reis Araujo as the Governor and Francisco Lopes da Cruz as Deputy Governor. The cessaion of cold war era has brought some changes to poliical interests in Southeast Asia, paricularly in relaion to the issues of democraizaion and Human Rights which afect the quesion of East Timor as an internaional issue. The Government of Indonesia should respond any reacions wisely. The rise of reformaion era had made the Government of Indonesia to be willingly to solve the problem of East Timor Province in more realisic manner. Finally, the Government proposed to give special status with broad autonomy to East Timor Province as soluion to stop the coninuing conlicts in the area.
Special status with wide-range autonomy
untuk penyelesaian masalah Timor Timur
semakin kuat, terutama dari PBB dan Australia. Menyadari peningnya stabilitas nasional dan
adanya berbagai penilaian serta pandangan
negaif terhadap langkah Indonesia di Timor
Timur, maka pada 27 Januari 1999, Menteri Luar Negeri (Menlu) Ali Alatas mengumumkan opsi kedua untuk menyelesaikan masalah
Timor Timur. Opsi Kedua yang merupakan hasil
dari Sidang Kabinet Paripurna bidang Polkam
yang dipimpin oleh Presiden RI B.J Habibie
menyatakan Pemerintah RI memutuskan
bahwa apabila opsi penyelesaian pertama
ditolak oleh mayoritas masyarakat Timor Timur, maka Pemerintah Indonesia akan mengembalikan penyelesaian rakyat Timor Timur kepada rakyat Indonesia, melalui Sidang Umum MPR agar Timor Timur dapat berpisah dari NKRI secara terhormat, baik-baik dan
damai.
Sedangkan dari pihak Ani integrasi merasa bahwa opsi kedua merupakan langkah yang semesinya dilakukan Indonesia. Sebagai
realisasi diterimanya opsi kedua maka
pada 5 Mei 1999 di Markas PBB New York
ditandatangani persetujuan jajak pendapat penentuan nasib Timor Timur antara Menlu RI Ali Alatas dengan Menlu Portugis Jaimee Gama
dan Sekjen PBB Koi Anan.
Setelah melalui tahap pendahuluan maka jajak pendapat penentuan nasib Timor Timur dilaksanakan pada 30 Agustus 1999, dengan
hasil bahwa sebagian besar rakyat Timor Timur ingin berdiri sendiri dan lepas dari NKRI.
Sehingga sejak saat itu permasalahan di Timor
Timur sudah bukan lagi menjadi bagian wilayah NKRI.
Catatan:
Jumlah korban dalam Operasi Seroja: Angkatan
Darat 2970 orang, Angkatan Laut 153 orang,
Angkatan Udara 31 orang, Kepolisian 162
orang, dan Sukarelawan 1607 orang.
stronger, especially that of United Naions
and Australia. Recognizing the importance
of naional stability and the existence of various assessments and negaive view to any
measures taken by Indonesia with respect
to East Timor Problem, then on 27 January 1999, Minister of Foreign Afairs Ali Alatas announced second opion to solve the problem of East Timor. This second opion, which was the result of Plenary Conference in Poliical and Security Afairs, led by President BJ Habibie declared that the Government of Indonesia had decided that if the irst setlement opion
rejected by the majority of East Timorese,
then the resoluion shall be handed back to
the people of Indonesia, represented by the
General Assembly of MPR (People Consultaive
Assembly) so that East Timor may be separated from NKRI honorably and peacefully.
While ani integraion party felt that the second opion was a step truly demanded
from Indonesia. The acceptance of the second
opion led to the signing of approval to hold
a polling regarding the fate of East Timor
between Minister of Foreign Afairs Ali Alatas with Jaimee Gama Portuguese Foreign Minister and UN Secretary General Koi Anan, on May 5,
1999 at UN Headquarters in New York.
Ater going through some preliminary stages, the polling was held 30 August 1999, evidencing the result that most East Timorese
wanted to stand alone and be separated from the Unitary State Republic of Indonesia. Since then, the problems of East Timor are no longer
part of Indonesia’s naional concern.
R U A N G
R O O M
3
OPERASI PENUMPASAN PEMBERONTAKAN BERSENJATA
ARMED OPERATIONS INSURGENCY
PENUMPASAN GERAKAN GERAKAN 30 SEPTEMBER/ PKI
ANNIHILATION OF 30 SEPTEMBER / INDONESIAN COMMUNIST PARTY MOVEMENT
MENGATASI GPK ACEH
SUBJUGATING THE REBELLION OF FREE ACEH MOVEMENT
MENGATASI KERUSUHAN AMBON
Tanggal 30 September 1965, Gerakan 30 September (G 30/S) yang didalangi Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) merencanakan kudeta terhadap pemerintah RI. Dini hari 1 Oktober 1965, PKI melakukan penculikan
dan pembunuhan enam orang perwira inggi
dan satu perwira pertama Angkatan Darat. Setelah mendengar informasi penculikan dan pembunuhan tersebut, Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategi Angkatan Darat (PANGKOSTRAD) Mayor Jenderal Soeharto mengumpulkan stafnya di Markas Kostrad di jalan Merdeka Timur, Jakarta untuk membahas dan mempelajari kejadian tersebut.
Setelah mendengar pengumuman dari pimpinan Gerakan 30 September / PKI Letkol Untung melalui Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) pukul 07.00 WIB, maka situasinya menjadi jelas bahwa yang melakukan pemberontakan dan penculikan adalah PKI yang bertujuan menggulingkan dan merebut kekuasaan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia yang sah.
Berdasarkan keyakinan tersebut Pangkostrad
mengambil indakan untuk mengatasi keadaan
antara lain mengambil alih sementara pimpinan Angkatan Darat dan menetralisir
PENUMPASAN GERAKAN 30 SEPTEMBER/ PKI
A
NNIHILATION OF 30 SEPTEMBER /
INDONESIAN COMMUNIST PARTY MOVEMENT
On 30 September 1965, 30 September
Move-ment (G 30/S) ploted by Indonesian Commu
-nist Party (PKI) launched a coup de’tat against the Indonesian government. In the early morn
-ing of 1 October 1965, PKI kidnapped and as
-sassinated six Indonesian Army generals and 1 irst oicer of Naional Army. Being informed of such kidnapping and assassinaion, The Com
-mander of Army Strategic Reserve Commando (PANGKOSTRAD) Mayor General Soeharto gathered his stafs at Kostrad headquarter on Jalan Merdeka Timur, Jakarta to discuss and to fully observe the situaion.
Having heard the announcement of the leader of 30 September / PKI Movement, Liutenant Colonel Untung on Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) at 07.00 western Indonesia Time, the situ
-aion was geing clear that the ploter of this acion and kidnapping was the Communists Indonesian Party (PKI) aimed to overthrow and to seize the power from the legal Government of Republic of Indonesia.
Upon the facts, The commander took acions to temporarily occupy the posiion as Army leader to control situaion and to neutralize the exist
pasukan yang berada di sekitar Istana Merdeka. Tindakan lain yang di ambil oleh Pangkostrad adalah memanggil Komandan Pasukan Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat (RPKAD) Kolonel Sarwo Edhie Wibowo untuk memimpin pasukannya mengambil alih Gedung Telekomunikasi di jalan Merdeka Selatan dan Gedung RRI di jalan Merdeka Barat dari tangan pemberontak. Ditegaskan oleh Pangkostrad dalam melaksanakan tugas harus meminimalkan jatuhnya korban dengan cara menghindari terjadinya kontak senjata.
Pasukan RPKAD dalam waktu yang singkat berhasil merebut kembali Gedung Telekomunikasi dan RRI, sehingga komunikasi dengan daerah-daerah dapat berfungsi kembali. Pangkostrad selaku pimpinan sementara Angkatan Darat menyampaikan pidato pada 1 Oktober 1965 pukul 22.00 WIB di Studio RRI Jakarta yang menyatakan bahwa pada 1 Oktober 1965 di Jakarta telah terjadi perebutan kekuasaan oleh gerakan yang menamakan dirinya Gerakan 30 September dengan cara melakukan penculikan dan pembunuhan terhadap pejabat teras TNI AD.
Guna mengatasi dan memulihkan keamanan dalam negeri, Pangkostrad melakukan Operasi Penumpasan Gerakan 30 September/PKI (G30S/PKI). Selanjutnya dilakukan operasi pembebasan Pangkalan Udara Halim Perdanakusuma di Jakarta Timur yang diduga digunakan sebagai basis para pemberontak,
Istana Merdeka. Another acion taken was to recall the Commander of Army Para Com
-mando Regiment (RPKAD) Colonel Sarwo Edhie Wibowo to lead his troops to take over Gedung Telekomunikasi (Telecommuncaion Hall) on Jalan Merdeka Selatan and RRI Hall on Jalan Merdeka Barat from the hands of the rebels. The Commander ordered that in performing the duies they should minimize the number of died vicims and avoiding gunires.
RPKAD Troops was able to to seize the Telecom
-municaion Hall and RRI Hall in a very short ime, that the communicaion with the locals outside the capital city may funcion normally again. The commander of Kostrad acing as the interim leader of army / infantry addressed a speech on 1 October 1965 at 22.00 Western Indonesia Time at RRI studio in Jakarta, declar
-ing that as at 1 October 1965 in Jakarta a coup d’etat had been ploted by a group naming themselves as 30 September Movement tho
-rugh kidnappings and assassinaion of some prominent army generals.
In order to overcome and restore security in the country, the Strategic Reserve Command held the annihilaion operaion of 30 Septem
dengan kekuatan pasukan RPKAD, Yon 328 Kujang/Siliwangi, 1 Kompi Tank dan 1 Kompi
Kavaleri. Dalam waktu relaif singkat Pangkalan
Udara Halim Perdanakusuma dapat direbut kembali.
Operasi penumpasan dilanjutkan ke Lubang Buaya Pondok Gede yang diperkirakan sebagai basis Gerakan 30 September. Atas bantuan Agen Polisi Sukitman ditemukan lokasi tempat penyiksaan para korban penculikan. Kemudian pasukan di bawah pimpinan Mayor C.I. Santoso menemukan sumur tua tempat disembunyikannya jenazah. Namun karena hari menjelang malam dan peralatan belum memadai, Komandan RPKAD Kolonel Inf Sarwo Edhie Wibowo memutuskan untuk menunda pengangkatan jenazah.
Pengangkatan jenazah baru dilakukan pada 4 Oktober 1965 oleh pasukan RPKAD dan Kesatuan Intai Pasukan Amphibi (KIPAM) yang dipimpin Kapten KKO Winanto dan disaksikan langsung Pangkostrad Mayor Jenderal Soeharto.
Setelah jenazah Letjen A. Yani, Mayjen Suwondo Parman, Mayjen R. Soeprapto, Mayjen M.T. Harjono, Brigjen Donald Izacus Panjaitan, Brigjen Sutojo Siswomihardjo
dan Letu Pierre Andreas Tendean berhasil diangkat, selanjutnya dioutopsi di RSPAD, sebelum disemayamkan di Markas Besar Angkatan Darat.
Pada 5 Oktober 1965 ketujuh jenazah putra terbaik bangsa dimakamkan di Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata dengan upacara kebesaran militer dan mendapat gelar Pahlawan Revolusi selanjutnya menjadi Pahlawan Nasional.
Upaya penumpasan sisa-sisa kekuatan G 30S/ PKI dilanjutkan di Jawa dan luar Jawa. Dengan
kesadaran inggi TNI bersama rakyat berhasil
menggagalkan kudeta PKI sebagai wujud keterpanggilan untuk menyelamatkan bangsa
dan negara Indonesia sesuai jaidirinya sebagai
prajurit Sapta Marga.
a Cavalry Company. In a relaively short ime Halim Perdanakusuma Airbase was successfully recaptured.
The operaion was coninued to Lubang Buaya, Pondok Gede. The area was esimated as the basis of 30 September Movement. Due to the assistance of Police Agent Sukitman the locaion, where the vicims (abductees) were tortured, may be ideniied. The troops under Major C.I. Santoso found the old disused well where the dead bodies were thrown down. However, it was very late in the aternoon (almost night) and as the equipment was insuicient, Special Forces Commander Col. Inf Sarwo Edhie Wibowo decided to postpone the liting of the bodies.
The liting of the dead bodies were eventually made on 4 October, 1965 by Special Forces troops and Amphibious Force Surveillance Unit (KIPAM) led by Captain KKO Winanto and wit
-nessed by Strategic Reserve Army Commander Major General Suharto.
Ater the body of Lieutenant General A. Yani, Maj. Suwondo Parman, Maj. R. Soeprapto, Major General M.T. Harjono, Brigadier General Donald Izacus Panjaitan, Brig Sutojo Siswomihardjo and First Lieutenant Andrew Pierre Tendean were successfully removed, the
bodies were brought to Army hospital labora
-tory at The Army Headquarters for autopsy, before their burial.
On 5 October 1965 the seven corpses of the best sons of the naion were buried at Kalibata Heroes Cemetery with great military ceremony. They received the itle as Revoluionary Heroes which lastly became Naional Heroes.
Dalam upaya memisahkan diri dari NKRI, Gerakan Pengacau Keamanan (GPK) Aceh pimpinan Hasan Tiro mendeklarasikan Negara Aceh Merdeka di Kecamatan Tiro, Kabupaten Pidie, pada 1976 dan sejak saat
itu mereka mulai melakukan indak kekerasan
yang mengganggu keamanan masyarakat. Dalam upaya mempengaruhi rakyat, mereka
menyebarkan pamlet berisi hasutan agar
rakyat membenci pemerintah dan mendukung Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) serta
mengibarkan bendera GAM.
Untuk mengatasi GAM, Kodam I / Iskandar Muda membentuk Komando operasi Gajah
Saki dan Satuan Seingkat Kompi (SSK) yang
ditempatkan di Komando Distrik Militer / Kodim 0102 (Pidie), Kodim 0103 (Aceh Utara), Kodim 0104 (Aceh Timur), di samping aparat teritorial yang sudah ada di Kodim-kodim tersebut. Khusus untuk menghadapi tokoh-tokoh GAM, ABRI melaksanakan operasi Sandi Yudha dengan menerjunkan pasukan khusus yang tergabung dalam Tim
Nanggala XVI dengan meniik beratkan
operasi intelijen dengan pendekatan territorial
yakni mengerahkan rakyat berparisipasi
menghancurkan GAM.
Operasi militer ini berhasil menghancurkan GAM pada bulan Maret 1982. Namun GAM berhasil melakukan rekonsolidasi tahun 1982
In order to separate from the Unitary State RI, Free Aceh Rebellion Movement leader, Hasan Tiro, declared “The Free Aceh State” in District Tiro, Pidie, in 1976 and since then they began to commit violence that disrupt public security. To inluence local people, they distributed pamphlets containing incitement to hate the government and to support the newly established Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and to wave the GAM lag.
To subdue GAM, Kodam I/ Iskandar Muda has formed Gakah Saki operaion Command and Companies placed in Military District Com
-mand / Kodim 0102 (Pidie), Kodim 0103 (North Aceh), Kodim 0104 (East Aceh), in addiion to territorial authoriies that already exist in those Kodims. Speciically to deal with GAM leaders, armed forces performed operaions with Sandi Yudha special forces that consist of members of Team Nanggala XVI with the priority to perform intelligence operaion using territorial approach. The latest means: to mobilize people to take part in crushing Free Aceh Movement. The military operaion was successful in destroying GAM in March 1982. But GAM managed to survive and reconsolidate them
-selves during 1982 – 1989, taking advantage from social disparity among Aceh people. Therefore, although GAM seemed to have been disappeared from the poliical stage for
MENGATASI GPK ACEH
– 1989 dengan memanfaatkan kesenjangan sosial masyarakat Aceh. Oleh karena itu meskipun GAM seolah hilang dari panggung
poliik selama 6 tahun namun pada tahun
1989 – 2004 GAM muncul kembali dengan melakukan serangkaian penyerangan terhadap pos-pos aparat keamanan dan pembunuhan terhadap penduduk setempat.
Dalam upaya mengatasi GAM yang semakin brutal, sejak tahun 1989 – 1999 pemerintah menggelar operasi Jaring Merah. Namun sebelum operasi Jaring Merah berhasil melumpuhkan GAM terjadi Reformasi dan jatuhnya pemerintahan Orde Baru, sehingga
dalam menangani gerakan separais termasuk GAM dan idak lagi menggunakan pendekatan
keamanan.
Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Bj.
Habibie, Operasi Jaring Merah dihenikan
sejak 7 Agustus 1998 dan hukum yang berlaku di Aceh bukan lagi Daerah Operasi Militer
(DOM) namun menjadi Terib Sipil. Seiring
ditetapkan TAP No. VI/MPR/Tahun 2000,
ABRI bergani nama menjadi TNI dan Polri terpisah dari TNI sehingga indakan militer hanya dapat dilakukan bila keputusan poliik
untuk penggunaan militer telah ditetapkan pemerintah.
Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden
Abdurrahman Wahid melakukan serangkaian dialog dengan GAM, akhirnya pada bulan Mei 2000 menandatangani MOU di Geneva Swis
yang ininya : Sejak 12 Mei 2000 – 15 Januari
2001 pemerintahan Presiden Abdurrahman
Wahid dan GAM menyepakai Status Jeda
Kemanusiaan (gencatan senjata) untuk Aceh dengan memberikan bantuan Keamanan dan Kemanusiaan menuju situasi damai di Aceh.
Selang dua hari setelah Status Jeda Kemanusiaan ditandatangani, ternyata
kesepakatan itu dikhianai dan kekerasan
di Aceh kembali terjadi. Menghadapi pengkhianatan GAM, tanggal 6 – 9 Januari
nearly 6 years but in 1989 to 2004 GAM had re-emerged with a series of atacks to security outposts and killings of local people.
To subjugate more brutal acions of GAM, during 1989 - 1999 the government held an operaion called The Red Net. But before the operaion was totally accomplished, the Reform broke out causing the fall of New Order, and thereater security approach is no longer taken as soluion to eliminate separaist move
-ments, such as GAM.
During the era of President BJ. Habibie, Opera
-ion Red Net was ceased as of 7 August 1998 and Aceh no longer borne the status as Military Operaional Zone (DOM) but rather having the status of Civil Order. In line with the sipula
-ion of TAP VI / MPR / Year 2000, ABRI was renamed to become TNI and Police was sepa
-rated from the military that a military acion can only be done ater a poliical decision has been set by the government.
During the era of President Abdurrahman Wa
-hid, a series of dialogues were conducted with GAM, inally in May 2000 an MOU was signed in Geneva, Switzerland, which in essence de
-clared that : Since May 12, 2000 - January 15, 2001 the government of President Abdurrah
-man Wahid and GAM agreed to Hu-manitarian Interval /Pause Status (ceaseire) to Aceh in order to provide aid to Security and Humanitar
-ian assistance towards peaceful condiion in Aceh.
Two days ater Humanitarian Ceaseire Status was signed, the deal was betrayed and violence outbreaks took place once again in Aceh. Fac
