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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINARA DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ULAM-ULAM TERHADAP BAKTERI
Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Tumbuhan binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) dan tumbuhan ulam-ulam (Erechtites valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) termasuk famili Compositae. Secara tradisional daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam banyak digunakan masyarakat di daerah Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo sebagai obat luka atau luka lebam dan sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam.
Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pembuatan simplisia dan karakterisasi simplisia meliputi: pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut larut dalam air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam dan skrining fitokimia. Pembuatan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara dan daun ulam-ulam dengan cara perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% serta uji aktivitas antibakteri secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan pencetak lubang (punch hole) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Escherichia coli.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia daun binara diperoleh kadar air 4,6%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,5%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 13,5%, kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4% dan untuk hasil karakterisasi simplisia daun ulam-ulam diperoleh kadar air 7,3%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 13,7%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 13,4%, kadar abu total 3,6% dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 1,4%. Hasil pemeriksaan skrining fitokimia terdapat kandungan senyawa kimia golongan steroid/triterpenoid, alkaloida, glikosida, flavonoida, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun binara terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus
aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat minimum 5 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia coli konsentrasi hambat minimum 8 mg/ml. Hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun
ulam-ulam terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus diperoleh konsentrasi hambat minimum 4 mg/ml dan bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 20 mg/ml. Perbandingan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak binara lebih efektif daripada ekstrak ulam-ulam terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, daun binara, daun ulam-ulam, Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli.
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF MUGWORT AND TROPICAL BURNWEED LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON Staphylococcus aureus
AND Escherichia coli ABSTRACT
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and Tropical burnweed (Erechtites
valerianifolia (Link ex Wolf) Less. Ec DC) plant are included in the Compositae
family. Mugwort and Tropical burnweed used traditionaly in Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo for used to cure wound or bruises, also as diarrhea medicine. The objective of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity and measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration of Mugwort and Tropical burnweed leaves extracts.
The research includes the preparation of extract and characterization of simplex i.e: macroscopic, microscopic examinations, determination of water content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash value and acid insoluble ash, phytochemical screening, and preparation of extracts by percolation using 70% ethanol as solvent, and in vitro for antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method using punch hole against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli bacteria.
Simplex characterization for Mugwort leaves were showed water level 4.6%, water-soluble extract level 13.5%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.5%, total ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4% while simplex characterization of Tropical burnweed leaves results were showed water level 7.3%, water-soluble extract level 13.7%, ethanol-soluble extract level 13.4%, total ashes level 3.6%, and acid-insoluble ashes level 1.4%. The result of phytochemical screening is steroids/triterpenoids, alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Ethanolic extract of Mugwort leaves were showed the minimum inhibitory concentration 5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 8 mg/ml for Escherichia coli. While, the ethanolic extract of Tropical burnweed leaves were showed the minimum inhibitory concentration 4 mg/ml for
Staphylococcus aureus and 20 mg/ml for Escherichia coli. The comparison of the
antibacterial activity of the both extracts were showed that Mugwort extract against inhibt growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Mugwort leaf, Tropical burnweed leaf,
