vii
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK
n-HEKSANA DAN ETILASETAT DAUN GULMA SIAM
(Chromolaena odorata) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus
dan Escherichia coli
ABSTRAK
Gulma siam (Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & H.E. Robins) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat. Masyarakat Toba Samosir menggunakan daun gulma siam sebagai obat luka ringan, luka bakar dan infeksi kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksana dan etilasetat daun gulma siam terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan pembuatan serbuk simplisia dan karakterisasi simplisia meliputi: pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut dalam air, penetapan kadar abu tidak larut dalam etanol, penetapan kadar abu total, penetapan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam, skrining fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi menggunakan kertas cakram (Uji Kirby-Bauer).
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi serbuk simplisia daun gulma siam diperoleh kadar air 7,93%, kadar sari larut air 15,42%, kadar sari larut etanol 11,96%, kadar abu total 4,67% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,57%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia memberikan hasil positif terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil ekstraksi diperoleh ekstrak
n-heksana kental dengan rendemen 6,01% dan ekstrak etilasetat kental dengan
rendemen 7,39%. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksana menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan daya hambat pada konsentrasi 300 mg/mL dan 75 mg/mL yaitu masing masing 14,20 mm dan 14,26 mm. Ekstrak etilasetat efektif pada konsentrasi 75 mg/mL yaitu masing-masing 14,10 mm dan 14,67 mm.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, daun gulma siam, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli
viii
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF n-HEXANE AND
ETYLACETAT EXTRACT SIAM WEED
(Chromolaenaodorata) AGAINST
Staphylococcus aureus
AND Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & H.E. Robins) is one of the medicinal plants. Siam weed leaves the public use as a cure minor wounds, burns and skin infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of n-hexane and etylacetate extract siam weed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
The research includes pulverizing powder of dried folium and characterization powder of dried folium i.e.: macroscopic, microscopic, determination of water content, determination of water-soluble extract, determination of ethanol-soluble extract, determination of total ash value and determination of acid insoluble ash, phytochemical screening, preparation of extracts and test of antibacterial activity. Test of antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method used paper disc (Kirby-Bauer Test).
The characterization result of gulma siam’s powder of dried folium of leaf
obtained water content of 7.93%, water soluble extract content of 15.42%, ethanol soluble extract content of 11.96%, total ash content of 4.67% and acid insoluble ash content of 0.57%. Phytochemical screening results bulbs gave a positive result of the alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and steroids / triterpenoids. Extraction results obtained n-hexane extract with 6.01% yield and etylacetat extract with 7.39% yield. Antibacterial activity test showed that n-hexane extract have the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with inhibition at concentration of 300 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL, each 14.20 mm and 14.26 mm. Etylacetat extract with ability inhibition concentration of 75 mg/mL each 14.10 mm and 14.67 mm.
Keyword: Antibacterial, siam weed leaves, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli
