PART I. EL TIEMPO PRESENTE SIMPLE (THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE)
C. PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS WHO Y WHICH
1. Cuando queremos especificar acerca de qué persona, animal o cosa estamos hablando, debemos usar las pronombres relativos WHO o WHICH. Ambas palabras se traducen en español con la palabra QUE.
En inglés, el pronombre relativo WHO se usa con las personas, mientras que con los animales y las cosas debemos usar WHICH..
Lea los siguientes ejemplos:
The man who is talking with John is an engineer.
The people who are waiting outside the theater want to buy tickets for the concert.
This is the book which we use in class.
The dog which is in the garden is a cocker spaniel.
2. Normalmente el relativo which se omite cuando precede a un nombre o pronombre:
This is the book which we use in class. This is the book we use in class.
3. Las frases who is/are y which is/are generalmente se omiten en oraciones como las que se expresan a continuación
The book which is on the desk is a bilingual dictionary. ? The book on the desk is a bilingual dictionary.
I don´t know the man who is in Mr. Smith´s office. ? I don´t know the man in Mr. Smith´s office.
The woman who is crossing the road is my wife. ? The woman crossing the road is my wife.
The plane which is flying over the city is a spy plane. ? The plane flying over the city is a spy plane.
The women who are wearing a white uniform are nurses. ? The women wearing a white uniform are nurses.
The cars which are imported from Japan are really good. ? The cars imported from Japan are really good.
The men who are trained at our school are good pilots. ? The men trained at our school are good pilots.
Ex. 1 Fill in the blanks with WHO or WHICH:
1. The girl _____________________ is with him is his sister.
2. The book ___________________ I want is on the table.
3. The man ___________________ is driving the car is my father.
4. Is this the camera __________________ you are planning to buy?
5. Is that the bus __________________ goes to the airport?
6. The chair on ________________ I am sitting is very comfortable.
7. John is the student _________________ speaks English well.
8. The books __________________ are listed in that catalogue are in English.
9. Is it Mr Williamson _________________ wants to see the manager?
10. The magazine __________________ is on the sofa is a sports magazine.
11. The movie __________________ is on at the Rex today is very good.
12. Is this the newspaper __________________ you read every day?
13. Are these the envelopes __________________you need?
14. The people ____________________ are described in the story are very interesting.
15. The men ___________________ are working in that room are engineers.
16. Are these the boys ___________ study with you?
17. The man ___________________ is walking down the road is the postman.
18. Is this the computer __________ you use every day?
19. Do you know the woman _____ is coming over there?
20. That is exactly the car ________ I would like to have. (I would like = me gustaría)
A short course in english for adult students 69 Ex. 2. Translate the sentences in the previous exercise into Spanish.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
11. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
12. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
14. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
15. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
16. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
17. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
18. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
19. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
20. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex. 3, Rewrite the sentences in Ex. 1, omitting the relative pronoun WHICH, or the word groups WHO IS/ARE o WHICH IS/ARE whenever it is possible, as in the example:
1. The girl with him is his sister
2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
11. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
12. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
14. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
15. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
16. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
17. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
18. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
19. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
20. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex. 4. Translate the following sentences into English. Underline the word(s) which can be omitted in everyday conversation.
1. El hombre que está conversando con Mary es el Dr. Smith.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Los libros que están sobre esa silla son míos.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. El libro sobre el que ellos están conversando es un best-seller
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Las personas que están trabajando en esa oficina son ingenieros.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Ella es la secretaria que trabaja con el Profesor Stephens
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Este es el bus que nos lleva al trabajo todas las mañanas.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Estos son los libros que nosotros usamos en las clases de inglés.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. ¿Conoces tú al hombre que está trabajando en el laboratorio de idiomas?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Los zapatos que nosotros fabricamos son de muy buena calidad.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
10. ¿Es este el computador que usted quiere comprar?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
A short course in english for adult students 71
BASIC VOCABULARY : Study these words
CLOTHES /klou(z/ Vestuario
suit /siu:t/ traje dress /dres/ vestido
coat /kout/ abrigo blouse /bláuz/ blusa
jacket /dllákit/ chaqueta skirt /ské:rt/ falda
trousers /tráuserz/ pantalones raincoat /réinkout/ impermeable shirt /shé:rt/ camisa cardigan /ká:rdigan/ chaleco de lana T-shirt /ti: shé:rt/ polera handkerchief /hændkertchi:f/ pañuelo
tie /tái/ corbata stockings /stókiηz/ medias
sweater /suéter/ suéter briefs /bri:fs/ calzoncillo
hat /hæt/ sombrero cap /kæp/ gorra
socks /sóks/ soquetes galoshes /gæloshiz/ galochas
shoes /shu:z/ zapatos sneakers /sní:kerz/ zapatillas
boots /bu:ts/ botas sandals /sændalz/ sandalias
gloves /glavz/ guantes waistcoat /wéiskout/ chaleco de terno
umbrella /ambréla/ paraguas slip /slip/ enagua
scarf /ská:rf/ bufanda kerchief /ké:rtchi:f/ pañuelo
belt /belt/ cinturón bracelet /bréislet/ brazalete
glasses /glá:siz/ lentes wrist watch /rístwotch/ reloj pulsera earring /íarriη/ aro, arete finger ring /fíηger riη/ anillo sunglasses /sanglá.siz/ lentes para sol parka /pá:rka /, anorak /ánorak/ parka
fur coat /fé:r kóut/ abrigo de piel leather jacket /léδer dllákit/ chaqueta de cuero swimsuit /swimsiut/ traje de baño necklace /néklis/ collar
trunks /tránks/ traje de baño
A short course in english for adult students 73
KEY TO ANSWERS
UNIT 5
Part I Ex. 2.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
You work here every day Bill works here every day Ann works here every day We work here every day They work here every day You watch TV after dinner Bill watches TV after dinner Ann watches TV after dinner We watch TV after dinner They watch TV after dinner You go to the movies every..
Bill goes to the movies...
Ann goes to the movies...
We go to the movies...
They go to the movies...
You play tennis on Saturday Bill plays tennis...
Ann plays tennis...
We play tennis...
They play tennis...
You study English every day Bill studies English...
Ann studies English...
We study English...
They study English...
You have dinner at work...
Bill has dinner at work...
Ann has dinner at work...
We have dinner at work...
They have dinner at work...
You do the exercises well Bill does the exercises well Ann does the exercises well We do the exercises well They do the exercises well
You don´t work here...
Bill doesn´t work here...
Ann doesn´t work here...
We don´t work here...
They don´t work here...
You don´t watch TV...
Bill doesn´t watch TV...
Ann doesn´t watch TV...
We don´t watch TV...
They don´t watch TV...
You don´t go to the movies...
Bill doesn´t go to the movies...
Ann doesn´t go to the movies...
We don´t go to the movies...
They don´t go to the movies...
You don´t play tennis...
Bill doesn´t play tennis...
Ann doesn´t play tennis...
We don´t play tennis...
They don´t play tennis...
You don´t study English...
Bill doesn´t study English...
Ann doesn´t study English...
We don´t study English...
They don´t study English...
You don´t have dinner...
Bill doesn´t have dinner...
Ann doesn´t have dinner...
We don´t have dinner...
They don´t have dinner...
You don´t do the exercises...
Bill doesn´t do the exercises...
Ann doesn´t do the exercises...
We don´t do the exercises...
They don´t do the exercises...
Do you work here...?
Does Bill work here...?
Does Ann work here...?
Do we work here...?
Do they work here...?
Do you watch TV...?
Does Bill watch TV...?
Does Ann watch TV...?
Do we watch TV...?
Do they watch TV...?
Do you go to the movies...?
Does Bill go to the movies...?
Does Ann go to the movies...?
Do we go to the movies...?
Do they go to the movies...?
Do you play tennis...?
Does Bill play tennis...?
Does Ann play tennis...?
Do we play tennis...?
Do they play tennis...?
Do you study English...?
Does Bill study English...?
Does Ann study English...?
Do we study English...?
Do they study English...?
Do you have dinner at work?
Does Bill have dinner at work?
Does Ann have dinner at work?
Do we have dinner at work?
Do they have dinner at work?
Do you do the exercises well?
Does Bill do the exercises well?
Does Ann do the exercises well?
Do we do the exercises well?
Do they do the exercises well?
Ex. 3. 1. get up 2. go 3. have 4. reads 5. play 6. plays 7. arrives 8. washes 9. speak 10. leaves 11.eat 12.watches Ex. 4. 1. Mary doesn´t like... /Does Mary like.../ What does Mary like to drink? 2. They don´t live... /Do they live ..?/
Where do they live? 3. Peter doesn´t watch... /Does Peter watch...?/ What does Peter do every night? 4. The bus doesn´t leave... /Does the bus leave...?/ What time does the bus leave? 5. That man doesn´t speak... /Does that man speak...? What language does that man speak? 6. They don´t work out... /Do they work out...?/ When do they work out? 7. Bob doesn´t always drink... /Does Bob always drink...?/ What does Bob always drink? 8. They don´t have... /Do
they have...?/ How many cars do they have? 9. Peter doesn´t do... /Does Peter do...?/ How does Peter do everything?
10. They don´t come... /Do they come...?/ How often do they come here?
Ex. 5. 1. Where does she live? 2. How often do they play golf 3. At what time do they get up every morning? 4. What do the students need? 5. Where does John go in the summer? 6. How does Mary come to work? 7. When do you go to the club? 8. What do they do on Sunday? 9. What does Mary do on Saturday? 10. How much money do they need?
11. How many cars do they have now? 12. Why does he walk to work? 13 Why don´t they like the car? 14. How many hours does she usually sleep every night?
Ex. 6. 1. There are fifty-two weeks in a year. 2. He´s working 3. It´s got four legs 4. Yes, there are some trees/No, there aren´t any trees 5. They´re playing /running/ etc. 6. I usually watch TV /read a book/ etc. 7. There is very little free time 8. He hardly ever/never uses it. 9. I usually spend my summer vacation in... 10. He/she goes to see a doctor when he/she is sick
Ex. 7. 1. speaks 2. drink 3. opens - closes 4. causes 5. live 6. take place
Ex. 8. 1. doesn´t drink 2. do the banks close 3. does Martin come 4. do you do 5. takes/does it take 6. play - don´t play 7. does this word mean?
Ex. 9. 1. goes 2. doesn´t grow 3. rises 4. make 5. don´t eat 6. doesn´t believe 7. translates 8. doesn´t tell 9. flows Ex. 10. 1. is working 2. leaves 3. is watching 4. go 5. is coming 6. comes 7. is working 8. are-living 9. do-go 10. is- doing 11. is beginning 12. opens-closes 13. are-doing/are-watching 14. are-doing 15. does-understand 16. is playing 17. do-like 18. are-studying 19. do-get 20. is wearing
Ex. 11. 1. is sleeping/sleeps 2. am sitting/sit 3. speaks/is speaking 4. is not standing/is sitting 5. is eating/eats 6. is not raining / is shining / is 7. Does it rain 8. Is it raining 9. is sitting / is reading / reads / is pouring / drinks / goes / are not watching / are playing / watch / are not paying / are not watching / don´t like 10. does not take / walks / Do you take / do you walk
Part II.
A.
Ex. 1. 1. What does Susan look like? 2. How much money do they need? 3. What kind of fruit does Ann like? 4. Where do you go in the summer? 5. At what time does Mr Jackson get up every morning? 6. Where do your friends come from? 7. How often does Jack visit his parents? 8. What do the boys usually talk about? 9. Whose shoes does the boy sometimes wear? 10. How long does it take you to get there? 11. How often do you go there? 12. Who does Bob play golf with on Sunday? 13. What does Mr Jenkins write about? 14. What do they look at with the telescope? 15. What do you take photographs with? 16. Why do you like Mary? 17. How does Mr Williamson usually travel? 18. What kind of stories does Ann write? 19. Where do the students go after lunch? 20. When does Bob go to bed early?
B.
Ex. 1. 1. The air 2. History 3. the history 4. good light 5. The light 6.water 7. The water 8. The leather 9. leather 10.
fresh air 11. The air 12. animals 13. The animals 14. meat 15. The fish 16. Children 17. stamps 18. stamps - coins 19.
The stamps - the coins 20. English books / The magazines
C.Ex. 1. 1. The girl who is with him is his sister 2. The book which I want is on the table 3. The man who is driving the car is my father 4. Is this the camera which you are planning to buy? 5. Is that the bus which goes to the airport?
6. The chair on which I am sitting is very comfortable 7. John is the student who speaks English well. 8. The books which are listed in that catalogue are in English 9. Is it Mr Williamson who wants to see the manager? 10. The magazine which is on the sofa is a sports magazine 11. The movie which is on at the Rex today is very good. 12. Is this the newspaper which you read every day? 13. Are these the envelopes which you need? 14. The people who are described in the story are very interesting. 15.The men who are working in that room are engineers. 16. Are these the boys who study with you? 17. The man who is walking down the road is a postman 18. Is this the computer which you use every day? 19. Do you know the woman who is coming over there? 20. That is exactly the car which
A short course in english for adult students 75 Ex. 2. 1. La niña que está con él es su hermana 2. El libro que quiero está sobre la mesa 3. El hombre que está conduciendo el auto es mi padre 4. ¿Es esta la cámara que estás planeando comprar? 5. ¿Es ese el bus que va al aeropuerto? 6. La silla sobre la que estoy sentado es muy comfortable 7. John es el alumno que habla inglés bien.
8. Los libros que están incluidos en ese catálogo están en inglés 9. ¿Es el Sr. Williamson quien quiere ver al gerente?
10. La revista que está sobre el sofá es una revista deportiva 11. La película que está en cartelera hoy día en el Rex es muy buena. 12. ¿Es este el diario que ud. lee todos los días? 13. ¿Son estos los sobres que ud. necesita? 14.
Las personas que están descritas en el cuento son muy interesantes. 15. Los hombres que están trabajando en esa sala son ingenieros. 16. ¿Son estos los niños que estudian contigo? 17. El hombre que está bajando el camino es el cartero.18. ¿Es este el computador que ud. usa todos los días? 19. ¿Conoces a la mujar que viene allá? 20. Ese es exactamente el auto que me gustaría tener
Ex. 3. 1. The girl with him is his sister 2. The book I want is on the table 3. The man driving the car is my father 4. Is this the camera you are planning to buy? 5. Is that the bus which goes to the airport? 6. The chair I am sitting on is very comfortable 7. John is the student who speaks English well. 8. The books listed in that catalogue are in English 9. Is it Mr Williamson who wants to see the manager? 10. The magazine on the sofa is a sports magazine 11. The movie on at the Rex today is very good. 12. Is this the newspaper you read every day? 13. Are these the envelopes you need? 14.
The people described in the story are very interesting. 15.The men working in that room are engineers. 16. Are these the boys who study with you? 17. The man walking down the road is a postman 18. Is this the computer you use every day? 19. Do you know the woman coming over there? 20. That is exactly the car I would like to have.
Ex. 4. 1. The man who is talking with Mary is Dr Smith. 2. The books which are on that chair are mine. 3. The book about which they are talking is a best-seller / The book they are talking about is a best-seller 4.The people who are working in that office are engineers. 5. She is the secretary who works with Professor Stephens 6. This is the bus which takes us to work every morning 7. These are the books which we use in the English lessons 8. ¿Do you know the man who is working in the language laboratory? 9. The shoes which we make are of very good quality. 10. Is this the computer which you want to buy?
Bl 76
A short course in english for adult students 77