PART II. USED TO + INFINITIVE”
B. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO, WHOM, WHOSE
Habíamos visto que la palabra WHO? significa ¿quién? Y que además es un pronombre relativo y que se debe traducir con la palabra QUE para especificar acerca de quién estamos hablando (Revisar el uso de los pronombres relativos who y which, en BEGS & VOC Unit 5)
Who is that man?
The man who is in the car is a policeman.
The car which is outside is a police car.
La palabra WHO se tranforma en WHOM /hu:m/ después de las preposiciones y cuando actúa como complemento directo de un verbo, y por lo tanto va seguido de un pronombre o un nombre. .
With whom will you go to the party? (Who will you go to the party with?) I met a man in the street. The man whom I met was John´s father.
Jim was talking about a woman. The woman about whom Jim was talking was his wife.
La palabra WHOSE /hu:z/ (posesivo de who) se puede traducir como ¿de quién? en interrogaciones, pero también es el pronombre relativo cuyo(s)/cuya(s).
a) Whose? = ¿De quién?
Whose is this hat? o Whose hat is this? (el sustantivo hat puede ir al final o junto a whose)
Whose are these cigarettes? / Whose cigarettes are these? (el sustantivo hat puede ir al final o junto a whose)
A short course in english for adult students 107 Whose is that book on the desk? (aquí el sustantivo va seguido de una frase adjetiva)
b) whose = cuyo(s) / cuya(s)
A man wants to see you, Mr Clark. His daughter called you this morning The man whose daughter called you this morning wants to see you, Mr Clark.
The man is a doctor. His car is parked outside the building.
The man whose car is parked outside the building is a doctor.
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Choose the correct form.
1. To (who,whom) did you write a letter last night?
2. With (who, whom) does he want to speak?
3. (Who, whom) is the best student in your class?
4. (Who, whom) did you meet at the party?
5. The man (who, whom) telephoned you is my brother.
6. The woman (who, whom) you saw is my new teacher.
7. About (who, whom ) are they talking?
8. The girl with (who, whom) I danced was very beautiful.
9. From (who, whom) did you get the money?
10. The boy (who, whom) the policemen rescued from the boat was terrified.
Ex. 2. Fill in the blank spaces with Who, Which, Whom, Whose
1. __________________ jacket do you like best, the blue one or the brown one?
2. __________________ pen-knife is this? I think it´s Peter´s, but I´m not quite sure.
3. With __________________ will you go to the theater tomorrow?
4. He is the man __________________ daughter will participate in the competition.
5. This isn´t the dictionary __________________ we generally use in class.
6. The man about __________________ they are talking is a well-known football player 7. __________________ will you ask for help?
8. __________________ are those cigarettes on the small table? Are they yours?
9. The man with __________________ John is speaking is an Australian pilot.
10. The woman __________________ we met at the party was a friend of Peter´s.
11. The train __________________ leaves at 10:25 is an express train.
12. __________________ are they talking about?
13. The man __________________ Prof. Clark mentioned in his lecture is a famous American writer.
14. The boy __________________ father died in the accident is still in hospital.
15. __________________ are those brown shoes __________________ are under the chair?
16. __________________ are you talking to?
17. The children with __________________ my son is playing are not Chilean. They are American.
18. __________________ was working in the office at 9 o´clock this morning?
19. With __________________ will you work on the thesis?
20. I don´t know __________________ watch this is. Is it yours?
21. The children __________________ are in Room B are 2nd grade students.
22. Everyone liked the poem __________________ Prof. Smith read in class yesterday..
23. Is that the bus __________________ we must take?
24. She is the woman __________________ I really love.
Ex. 3. Combine the two sentences to make one single sentence,using WHO, WHOM or WHOSE 1. I met a man yesterday. He wrote detective stories.
I met a man _______________________________________________________________________________________
2. I met a woman yesterday. Her husband died in a car accident.
I met a woman ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Peter came to the party with a young woman. This is the young woman.
This is the young __________________________________________________________________________________
4. The policemen interrogated the old man. His car was parked outside the school.
The policemen interrogated _________________________________________________________________________
5. There´s a man in the lobby. He wants to speak with you.
There´s a man ____________________________________________________________________________________
6. They contacted a man. They found his wallet in the street.
They contacted the man ___________________________________________________________________________
7. You were talking to a man in the lobby. Where is he?
Where is the man ________________________________________________________________________________ ?.
Exercise 4. Ask questions with whose, as in the example.
To whom does this pen belong? (belong = pertenecer) Whose pen is this? / Whose is this pen?
To whom does that old blue jacket belong? Whose is that old blue jacket?
1. To whom does this car belong? _________________________________________________ ? 2. To whom do these books belong? _________________________________________________ ? 3. To whom does this brand new car belong? _________________________________________________ ? 4. To whom does that coat belong’ _________________________________________________ ? 5. To whom does this gold ring belong? _________________________________________________ ? 6. To whom do the cigarettes on that table belong? _________________________________________________ ? 7. To whom does this camera belong? _________________________________________________ ? Ex. 5. Make synonymous sentences using the verb belong instead of the possessives.
1. This pen is mine This pen _________________________________________
2. That house is ours. _________________________________________________
3. That´s not your leather jacket. _________________________________________________
4. Those keys are mine. _________________________________________________
5. Is that car yours? _________________________________________________ ? 6. That is not John´s bicycle.. _________________________________________________
7. These aren´t Mary´s shoes. _________________________________________________
8. Are these cigarettes yours? _________________________________________________ ? 9. Whose is this watch? To ______________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________ ?
10. Whose glasses are these? To ______________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________ ?
11. I think that this wallet is yours. _________________________________________________
12. I´m sure that that house isn´t theirs. I´m sure __________________________________________
13. This house is ours. It isn´t theirs. _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
14. That car isn´t his. It´s hers. _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
15. This sweater isn´t my sister´s. It´s my brother´s _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
A short course in english for adult students 109 C. SOMEBODY, SOMETHING, SOMEWHERE AND DERIVED WORDS
Study the following chart
Afirmative Some Somebody/someone Something Somewhere
Negative Not...any Not... Anybody
Not...anyone Not...anything Not...anywhere
No Nobody No One Nothing Nowhere
Interrogative Any Anybody / Anyone Anything Anywhere
En la BEGS & VOC UNIT 2, habíamos aprendido que la palabra SOME solamente se usaba en oraciones afirmativas, y que en las interrogaciones se debía usar ANY. En las oraciones negativas había dos alternativas: se podía usar NOT... ANY o NO. Esta misma regla se debe seguir al usar las palabras derivadas, es decir con Somebody / Someone (alguien) Something (algo, alguna cosa). Somewhere (algun lugar, alguna parte), etc.
Estudie los siguientes ejemplos:
1. I ´ve got some friends in Atlanta
I haven´t got any friends in Atlanta / I´ve got no friends in Atlanta Have you got any friends in Atlanta?
2. I saw somebody in the car
I didn´t see anybody in the car / I saw nobody in the car Did you see anybody in the car?
3. They need something now.
They don´t need anything now. / They need nothing now Do they need anything now?
4. They will go somewhere after the lesson
They won´t go anywhere after the lesson / They will go nowhere after the lesson Will they go anywhere after the lesson?
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Change to negative form Use a) NOT... ANY b) NO
1. There is someone in the room ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. I saw somebody in the corridor. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. Please put it somewhere in this room. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
4. There is someone at the door. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. He lives somewhere in New York. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
6. He told somebody about it. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. He gave the book to somebody. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
8. I put the money somewhere in this drawer yesterday. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
9. Tell somebody about Peter´s problems. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
10. He said something to her. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
11. He has something to do. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
12. He´s going to do something now. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
13. They found the money somewhere. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
14. They will send the goods to someone. ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Ex. 2. Change to question form
1. I saw somebody at the desk. _________________________________________________ ? 2. He went somewhere last night. _________________________________________________ ? 3. She has something to do. _________________________________________________ ? 4. He told somebody about it. _________________________________________________ ? 5. She put it somewhere. _________________________________________________ ? 6. There is someone in the next room. _________________________________________________ ? 7. Somebody wants to speak to him. _________________________________________________ ? 8. 1 saw somebody I knew. _________________________________________________ ? 9. He brought something with him. _________________________________________________ ? 10. He gave it to someone. _________________________________________________ ? 11. He took them somewhere on Long Island. _________________________________________________ ? 12. I liked something about her. _________________________________________________ ?
Ex. 3. Rewrite the following “NO” sentences in the more common “NOT ... ANY” negative form:
1. They found nobody at home. ___________________________________________________
2. There is no more coffee. ___________________________________________________
3. They want nothing to drink. ___________________________________________________
4. There is nowhere for him to sit. ___________________________________________________
5. She spoke to no one about it. ___________________________________________________
6. 1 want no more, thank you. ___________________________________________________
7. He can see nothing without his glasses. ___________________________________________________
8. We saw nobody at all in the park. ___________________________________________________
9. They gave us nothing to eat. ___________________________________________________
10. We went nowhere after the dance. ___________________________________________________
A short course in english for adult students 111 BASIC VOCABULARY: Study these words
THE CITY
airport /éarport/ aeropuerto park /pa:rk/ parque
all-you-can-eat restaurant /ó:l iu kn í:t réstrant/ pavement /péivment/ vereda (BR) restaurant tenedor libre pedestrian /pedéstrian/ peatón
art gallery /á:rt gæleri/ galería de arte pick up /pik áp/ camioneta (USA) baker’s /béikerz/ panadería planetarium /planetærium/ planetario
book shop /buk shop/ librería bridge /bridll/ puente
police station /polís stéishn/ cuartel de policia post office /póust ófis/ oficina de correos building /bíldiη/ edificio public library /páblik láibreari/ biblioteca pública
bus /bás/ bus railway station /réilwei stéishn/ estación de trenes
bus stop /bas stop/ paradero de buses restaurant /réstorant/ restaurant bus terminal /bas té:rminl/ terminal de buses road /róud/ camino, calzada butcher’s /bútcherz/ carnicería roundabout /ráundabáut/ rotonda
cab /kæb/ taxi (USA) school /skú:l/ colegio, escuela
café /kæfei/ café shoe shop /shu: shop/ zapatería
cafetería /kafitíria/ fuente de soda,casino shop /shop/ tienda (BR)
car /ka:r/ automóvil sidewalk /sáidwo:k/ vereda (USA)
casino /kazínou/ casino de juegos snack bar /snæk bá:r/ fuente de soda chemist’s /kémists/ farmacia station wagon /stéishn wágon/ ranchera (USA) church /tchértch/ iglesia stationer’s /stéishonerz/ librería (art.escrit.)
cinema /sínema/ sala de cine store /stóar/ tienda (USA)
coach /kóutch/ bus interurbano street /stri:t/ calle
coffee shop /kófishop/ cafetería street-car /strí:t ká:r/ tranvía
college /kólidll/ escuela (univ.) subway /sábwei/ paso bajo nivel (BR)
corner /kó:rner/ esquina subway /sábwei/ tren subterráneo (USA)
crossroads /krósroudz/ cruce supermarket /supermá:rkit/ supermercado department store /dipá:rment stóar/ tienda de depart. tailor’s /téilorz/ sastrería
disco /dískou/ discoteca take-away restaurant /téikawei réstrant/ restaurante de dry-cleaner’s /drái klí:nerz/ lavaseco, tintorería platos preparados para llevar estate car /estéit ká:r/ ranchera (BR) taxi /tæksi/ taxi
fire brigade /fáiar brigéid/ cuartel de bomberos tea shop /ti:shop/ salón de té flower shop /fláuer shop/ florería theatre /θíater/ teatro
greengrocer’s /gri:ngróuserz/ verdulería town hall /táun hó:l/ municipalidad grocer’s /gróuserz/ almacén (BR) traffic lights /træfik laits/ semáforo grocery store /gróuseri stóar/ almacén (USA) traffic sign /træfik sáin/ señalización hardware store /hárdwear stóar/ ferretería train /tréin/ tren
hospital /hóspitl/ hospital travel agent´s /trævel éidllents/ agencia de viajes
hostel /hóstel/ hostal truck /trak/ camióm (USA)
hotel /houtél/ hotel tunnel /tánel/ tunnel
jeweller´s /dllúelerz/ joyería underground /andergráund/ tren subterráneo (BR) level crossing /lével krósiη/ cruce FFCC (BR) university /iunivérsiti/ universidad
lorry /lorri/ camión (BR) van /væn/ camioneta (BR)
museum /miuzíam/ museo zebra crossing /zibra krósiη/ cruce de zebra news-stand /niuz stænd/ puesto de diarios zoo /zu:/ zoológico night-club /náit klab/ boite
Bl 112
A short course in english for adult students 113
UNIT 8
Key to answers PART I
A.
Ex. 1. 1. will march 2. will send 3. will have 4. will sell 5. will use 6. will dig 7. will launch 8 will attend 9. will be 10. will buy 11. will hire 12. will move
Ex. 2. 1. Mary will not go out... / Will Mary go out...? 2. You won`t send... / Will you send...? 3. The train won´t arrive... / Will the train arrive...? 4. John will not accept... / Will John accept...? 5. They won`t get married... / Will they get married?
6. Mr Smith won`t see... / Will Mr Smith see...?
Ex. 3. 1. Where will they go in the summer? 2. When will John give the answer? 3. Why will Bob sell the car? 4. How long will the soldiers wait there? 5. What will Mr Smith send them? 6. Why won`t Sue buy the dress? 7. How long will they stay in Toronto? 8. Where will you wait for me / us? 9. How many volunteers will they need? 10. What will they talk about tomorrow?
PART II.
A.
Ex. 1. 1. says 2. told 3. said 4. told 5. says 6. told 7. says 8. said 9. said 10. says 11. tell 12. tell 13. told 14. said
Ex. 2. 1. She told me that... 2. Mr Smith told Peter that... 3. John told his friends that... 4. Ann told the office that... 5.
William told the doctor that... 6. Helen told the travel agent that... 7. the boy told us that... 8. The teacher told Paul`s parents that... 9. The man tells me that...
Ex. 3. 1. Bob said that he... 2. I said that... 3. The teacher said that... 4. Mr Smith said that...5. I said that... 6. John said that... 7. The boy says that... 8. He says that she...
B.
Ex. 1. 1. whom 2. whom 3. Who 4. Whom 5. who 6. whom 7. whom 8. whom 9.whom 10. whom
Ex. 2. 1. Which 2. Whose 3. whom 4. whose 5. which 6. whom 7. Who(m) 8. Whose 9. whom 10. whom 11. which 12. Who 13. whom 14. whose 15. Whose - which 16. Who 17. whom 18. Who
19. whom 20. whose 21. who 22. which 23. which 24. whom
Ex. 3. 1....who wrote detective stories. 2....whose husband died in a car accident 3....woman with whom Peter came to the party. 4...the old man whose car was parked outside the school. 5...who wants to speak with you. 6. whose wallet they found in the street. 7....to whom you were talking in the lobby?
Ex. 4. 1. Whose car is this? Whose is this car? 2. Whose books are these? Whose are these books? 3. Whose is this brand new car? 4. Whose coat is that? Whose is that coat? 5. Whose is this gold ring? 6. Whose are the cigarettes on that table? 7. Whose camera is this? Whose is this camera
Ex. 5. 1. belongs to me 2. That house belongs to us 3. That leather jacket doesn`t belong to you? 4. Those keys belong to me 5. Does that car belong to you? 6. That bicycle doesn`t belong to John. 7. Those shoes don´t belong to Mary 8. Do these cigarettes belong to you? 9....whom does this watch belong? / Who does this watch belong to? 10....whom do these glasses belong? / Who do these glasses belong to? 11. I think (that) this wallet belongs to you. 12. I´m sure (that) that house doesn´t belong to them . 13. This house belongs to us. It doesn`t belong to them. 14. That car doesn´t belong to him. It belongs to her. 15. This sweater doesn´t belong to my sister. It belongs to my brother.
C.
Ex. 1. 1. There isn`t anyone in... / There´s no one in... 2. I didn´t see anybody in... / I saw nobody in...3. Please, don´t put it anywhere in... / Please, put it nowhere in... 4. There isn`t anyone at... / There`s no one at... 5. He doesn´t live anywhere in... / He lives nowhere in... 6. He didn´t tell anybody... / He told nobody... 7. He didn`t give the book to anybody / He gave the book to nobody 8. I didn`t put the money anywhere... / I put the money nowhere... 9. Don`t tell anybody about... / Tell nobody about... 10. He didn´t say anything... / He said nothing... 11. He doesn`t have anything to do / He has nothing to do 12. He isn´t going to do anything now / He`s going to do nothing now 13. They didn´t find the money anywhere / They found the money nowhere 14. They won´t send the goods to anyone / They´ll send the goods to no one.
Ex. 2. 1. Did I see anybody at the desk.? 2. Did he go anywhere last night? 3. Does she have anything to do? 4. Did he tell anybody about it? 5. Did she put it anywhere? 6. Is there anyone in the next room? 7. Does anybody want to speak to him? 8. Did I see anybody I knew? 9. Did he bring anything with him? 10. Did he give it to anyone? 11. Did he take them anywhere on Long Island? 14. Did I like anything about her?
Ex. 3. 1. They didn´t find anybody at home 2. There isn´t any more coffee. 3. They don´t want anything to drink 4. There isn´t anywhere for him to sit 5. She didn`´t speak to anyone about it 6. I don´t want any more, thank you. 7. He can´t see anything without his glasses. 8. We didn´t see anybody at all in the park 9. They didn´t give us anything to eat . 10. We didn´t go anywhere after the dance
A short course in english for adult students 115