PART I. EL TIEMPO PRESENTE CONTINUO (THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE)
A. TIME AND DATES
day /déi/ día week /wí:k/ semana month /manθ/ mes year /yíar/ año season /sí:zn/ estación There are 365 days /déiz/ in a year. There are 52 weeks /wí:ks/ in a year /jíar/
There are twelve months /mánθs/ in a year. The months of the year are:
January /dlláñiuari/ Enero July /dllulái/ Julio February /fébruari/ Febrero August /ó:gast/ Agosto March /má:rtch/ Marzo September /septémber/ Septiembre April /éiprl/ Abril October /októuber/ Octubre
May /méi/ Mayo November /nouvémber/ Noviembre
June /dllú:n/ Junio December /disémber/ Diciembre
There are four seasons /sí:zonz/ in a year: Winter /uínter/ Invierno, Spring /spriη/ Primavera, Summer /sámer/ Verano, and Autumn /ó:tom/ (or Fall /fó:l/) Otoño
There are seven days in a week. The days of the week are:
Monday /mándi/ Lunes Thursday /δérzdi/ Jueves Sunday /sándi/ Domingo Tuesday /tiú:zdi/ Martes Friday /fráidi/ Viernes
Wednesday /wénzdi/ Miércoles Saturday /sæ´terdi/ Sábado
Monday is the first (primer) day of the week. Tuesday is the second (segundo) day. The third (tercer) day of the week is Wednesday, and Thursday is the fourth (cuarto) day. Friday is the fifth (quinto) day, and the sixth (sexto) day is Saturday.
The seventh (séptimo) and last (último) day of the week is Sunday.
Ordinal Numbers: Los números ordinales, además de usarse para indicar orden o lugar de precedencia, se usan para expresar fechas. Los números ordinales son:
1st. First /fé:rst/ 11th Eleventh /ilévenθ/ 21st Twenty-first /tuénti fé:rst/
2nd Second /sékond/ 12th Twelfth /tuélfθ/ 22nd Twenty-second /tuénti sékond/
3rd Third /θé:rd/ 13th Thirteenth /θe:rtí:nθ/ 23rd Twenty-third /tuénti θé:rd/
4th Fourth /fó:rθ/ 14th Fourteenth /fortí:nθ/ 24th Twenty-fourth /tuénti fó:rθ/
5th Fifth /fifθ/ 15th Fifteenth /fiftí:nθ/ 25th Twenty-fifth /tuénti fífθ/
6th Sixth /sixθ/ 16th Sixteenth /sikstí:nθ/ 26th Twenty-sixth /tuénti síksθ/
7th Seventh /sévenθ/ 17th Seventeenth /seventí:nθ/ 27th Twenty-seventh /tuénti sévenθ/
8th Eighth /éitθ/ 18th Eighteenth /eití:nθ/ 28th Twenty-eighth /tuénti éitθ/
9th Ninth /náinθ/ 19th Nineteenth /naintí:nθ/ 29th Twenty-ninth /tuénti náinθ/
10th Tenth /ténθ/ 20th Twentieth /tuéntieθ/ 30th Thirtieth /θértieθ/
31st Thirty-first /θé:rti fé:rst/
Escuche, lea y aprenda
The date today is Wednesday the first of May, two thousand two /δe déit tudéi iz wénzdi δe fé:rst ov méi tú. θáuzand tú:/ o también, Wednesday, May the first, two thousand two /wénzdi méi δe fé:rst tú. θáuzand tú:/ (La fecha de hoy es Miércoles primero de Mayo de 2002)
I was born on the fifteenth of August, nineteen seventy-five /ai woz bó:rn on δe fiftí:nθ ov ó:gast náintin séventi fáiv/, o también, on August the fifteenth, nineteen seventy-five /on ó:gast δe fiftí:nθ náintin séventi fáiv/ (Yo nací el 15 de Agosto de 1975).
Jane´s birthday is on the twenty-fifth of June /dlléinz bé:rθei is on δe tuénti fífθ ov dllú:n/, o también, on June the twenty- fifth /on dllú:n δe tuénti fífθ/ (El cumpleaños de Jane es el 25 de Junio)
A short course in english for adult students 53 EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Write the following dates, as in the examples:
1. 12.09.1963 The twelfth of September, nineteen sixty-three
2. 05.05.1938 ________________________________________________________________________________
3. 02.11.1906 ________________________________________________________________________________
4. 18.07.1900 ________________________________________________________________________________
5. 10.08.2000 ________________________________________________________________________________
6. 01.01.2001 ________________________________________________________________________________
7. 18.09.1810 ________________________________________________________________________________
8. 05.12.1978 ________________________________________________________________________________
9. 12.03.1893 ________________________________________________________________________________
10. 04.30.1999 April the thirtieth, nineteen ninety-nine
11. 08.27.1987 ________________________________________________________________________________
12. 02.28.1956 ________________________________________________________________________________
13. 10.12.1492 ________________________________________________________________________________
14. 07.02.1956 ________________________________________________________________________________
Ex. 2. Answer the following questions:
1. When is your birthday? ____________________________________________________________
2. When was your father born? ____________________________________________________________
3. What day is today? ____________________________________________________________
4. What´s the date today? ____________________________________________________________
5. How many days are there in a week? ____________________________________________________________
6. What are the seasons of the year? ____________________________________________________________
7. What´s your favo(u)rite season? ____________________________________________________________
8. What are the days of the week? ____________________________________________________________
9. What are the months of the year? ____________________________________________________________
10. What´s the first month of the year? ____________________________________________________________
11. What´s the third day of the week? ____________________________________________________________
12. What´s the last month of the year? ____________________________________________________________
13. How many months are there in a year? ____________________________________________________________
14. How many hours are there in a day? ____________________________________________________________
15. When is New Year´s Day? ____________________________________________________________
16. When´s our Independence Day? ____________________________________________________________
B. Question Words (1) Describing people and things Escuche, lea y aprenda
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLE
How old? /háu óuld/
How tall? /háu to:l/
How far? /háu fa:r/
How long? /háu lóη/ How high? /háu hái/
How fast? /háu f(st/
How deep? /háu di:p/
How thick? /háu (ik/
How wide? /háu wáid/
How big...? /háu big?/
How well...? /háu wel/
How heavy...? /hau hévi/
What color? /hwot kólor/
What size? /hwot sáiz/
What shape? /hwot shéip/
What is /are...like?*
/wot. Iz /a:r...láik/
¿Qué edad?
¿Qué estatura?
¿Qué distancia?
¿Qué longitud?
¿Qué altura?
¿Qué velocidad?
¿Qué profundidad?
¿Qué espesor / grosor?
¿Qué anchura / ancho?
¿Cuán grande?
¿Cuán bien?
¿Cuánto pesa?
¿Qué color?
¿Qué tamaño / talla?
¿Qué forma?
¿Cómo es / son...? (Descripción de cosas) (Descripción de personas en cuanto a su carácter)
How old are you? I´m 21 years old How tall are you? I´m 1.70 meters tall How far is the airpòrt? It´s about 20 km. away How long is the river? It´s 85 km. long.
How high is that hill? It´s about 1,200 mt. high How fast is the train moving? At about 90 k/h How deep is the lake? It´s 120 mt. deep How thick is that wall? It´s about 40 cm. thick How wide is the road? About 15 mt. wide How big is the house? It has got five rooms How well do you drive? I drive very well How heavy is the box? It weighs 5 kilos What color is the car? It´s light blue What size is this shirt? It´s extra large What shape is a football? It´s round
What is the house like? It´s very comfortable What are the rooms like? They´re very small What´s Mary like? She´s very nice and friendly.
Nota importante: Como Ud. habrá advertido, en inglés se debe usar el verbo BE (am/is/are/was/were, etc.) para describir objetos. En castellano normalmente se usa el verbo tener: How old are you? I am 35 = ¡Que edad tiene Ud? Yo tengo 35
Ex. 1. Study these words:
Nouns Adjectives
age /éidll/ edad length /leθ/ longitud width /wiθ/ anchura thickness /θiknis/ grosor distance /dístans/ distancia speed /spí:d/ velocidad depth /depθ/ profundidad height /háit/ estatura;altura size /saiz/ tamaño, talla shape /shéip/ forma weight /wéit/ peso
old /ould/ anciano, viejo; young /yaη/ joven old /ould/ viejo; new /niú:/ nuevo
long /loη/ largo; short /sho:rt/ corto
wide /wáid/ ancho; narrow /nærrou/ angosto thick /θik/ grueso; thin /θin/ delgado
distant /dístant/ distante; nearby /níarbai/ cercano fast /fa:st/ veloz; slow /slóu/ lento
deep /dí:p/ profundo; shallow /shálou/ poco profundo tall /tó:l/ alto; short /shó:rt/ bajo de estatura
high /hái/ alto; low /lóu/ bajo
small /smó:l/ pequeño; big /big/ grande tiny /táini/ diminuto; huge /hiu:dll/ enorme
round /ráund/ redondo; square /skwear/ cuadrado;
rectangular /rektængiular/ rectangular, triangular /traiængiular/ triangular; oval /óuval/ ovalado heavy /hévi/ pesado; light /láit/ liviano
A short course in english for adult students 55 B. Question Words (1) Describing people and things
Escuche, lea y aprenda
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLE
How old? /háu óuld/
How tall? /háu to:l/
How far? /háu fa:r/
How long? /háu lóη/ How high? /háu hái/
How fast? /háu f(st/
How deep? /háu di:p/
How thick? /háu (ik/
How wide? /háu wáid/
How big...? /háu big?/
How well...? /háu wel/
How heavy...? /hau hévi/
What color? /hwot kólor/
What size? /hwot sáiz/
What shape? /hwot shéip/
What is /are...like?*
/wot. Iz /a:r...láik/
¿Qué edad?
¿Qué estatura?
¿Qué distancia?
¿Qué longitud?
¿Qué altura?
¿Qué velocidad?
¿Qué profundidad?
¿Qué espesor / grosor?
¿Qué anchura / ancho?
¿Cuán grande?
¿Cuán bien?
¿Cuánto pesa?
¿Qué color?
¿Qué tamaño / talla?
¿Qué forma?
¿Cómo es / son...? (Descripción de cosas) (Descripción de personas en cuanto a su carácter)
How old are you? I´m 21 years old How tall are you? I´m 1.70 meters tall How far is the airpòrt? It´s about 20 km. away How long is the river? It´s 85 km. long.
How high is that hill? It´s about 1,200 mt. high How fast is the train moving? At about 90 k/h How deep is the lake? It´s 120 mt. deep How thick is that wall? It´s about 40 cm. thick How wide is the road? About 15 mt. wide How big is the house? It has got five rooms How well do you drive? I drive very well How heavy is the box? It weighs 5 kilos What color is the car? It´s light blue What size is this shirt? It´s extra large What shape is a football? It´s round
What is the house like? It´s very comfortable What are the rooms like? They´re very small What´s Mary like? She´s very nice and friendly.
Nota importante: Como Ud. habrá advertido, en inglés se debe usar el verbo BE (am/is/are/was/were, etc.) para describir objetos. En castellano normalmente se usa el verbo tener: How old are you? I am 35 = ¡Que edad tiene Ud? Yo tengo 35
Ex. 1. Study these words:
Nouns Adjectives
age /éidll/ edad length /leθ/ longitud width /wiθ/ anchura thickness /θiknis/ grosor distance /dístans/ distancia speed /spí:d/ velocidad depth /depθ/ profundidad height /háit/ estatura;altura size /saiz/ tamaño, talla shape /shéip/ forma weight /wéit/ peso
old /ould/ anciano, viejo; young /yaη/ joven old /ould/ viejo; new /niú:/ nuevo
long /loη/ largo; short /sho:rt/ corto
wide /wáid/ ancho; narrow /nærrou/ angosto thick /θik/ grueso; thin /θin/ delgado
distant /dístant/ distante; nearby /níarbai/ cercano fast /fa:st/ veloz; slow /slóu/ lento
deep /dí:p/ profundo; shallow /shálou/ poco profundo tall /tó:l/ alto; short /shó:rt/ bajo de estatura
high /hái/ alto; low /lóu/ bajo
small /smó:l/ pequeño; big /big/ grande tiny /táini/ diminuto; huge /hiu:dll/ enorme
round /ráund/ redondo; square /skwear/ cuadrado;
rectangular /rektængiular/ rectangular, triangular /traiængiular/ triangular; oval /óuval/ ovalado heavy /hévi/ pesado; light /láit/ liviano
BASIC VOCABULARY: Study these words:
NUMERALS
CARDINAL NUMBERS ORDINAL NUMBERS
1 one /wan/ uno 1st first /fε:rst/ primero
2 two /tu:/ dos 2nd second /séknd/ segundo
3 three /θri:/ tres 3rd third /θε:rd/ tercero
4 four /fo:r/ cuatro 4th fourth /fo:rθ/ cuarto
5 five /faiv/ cinco 5th fifth /fifθ/ quinto
6 six /siks/ seis 6th sixth /siksθ/ sexto
7 seven /sévn/ siete 7th seventh /sévnθ/ séptimo
8 eight /eit/ ocho 8th eighth /éitθ/ octavo
9 nine /nain/ nueve 9th ninth /náinθ/ noveno
10 ten /ten/ diez 10th tenth /ténθ/ décimo
11 eleven /ilévn/ once 11th eleventh /ilévnθ/ décimo primero 12 twelve /twélf/ doce 12th twelfth /twelfθ/ décimo segundo 13 thirteen /θε:rtí:n/ trece 13th thirteenth /θε:rtí:nθ/ décimo tercero 14 fourteen /fortí:in/ catorce 14th fourteenth /fo:rtí:nθ/ décimo cuarto 15 fifteen /fiftí:n/ quince 15th fifteenth /fiftí:nθ/ décimo quinto 16 sixteen /sikstí:n/ dieciséis 16th sixteenth /sikstí:nθ/ décimo sexto 17 seventeen /sevntí:n/ diecisiete 17th seventeenth /sevntí:nθ/ décimo séptimo 18 eighteen /eití:n/ dieciocho 18th eighteenth /eití:nθ/ décimo octavo 19 nineteen /naintí:n/ diecinueve 19th nineteenth /naintí:nθ/ décimo noveno 20 twenty /twénti/ veinte 20th twentieth /twéntieθ/ vigésimo
21 twenty-one /twénti wán/ veintiuno 21st twenty-first /twénti fε´:rst/ vigésimo primero 22 twenty-two /twénti tú:/ veintidós 22nd twenty-second /twénti séknd/ vigésimo segundo 30 thirty /θε´:rti/ treinta 30th thirtieth /θε´:rtieθ/ trigésimo
31 thirty-one /θε´:rti wán/ treinta y uno 31st thirty-first /θε´:rti fε´:rst/ trigésimo primero 40 forty /fó:rti/ cuarenta 40th fortieth /fó:rtieθ/ cuadragésimo 50 fifty /fífti/ cincuenta 50th fiftieth /fíftieθ/ quincuagésimo 60 sixty /síksti/ sesenta 60th sixtieth /síkstieθ/ sexagésimo 70 seventy /sévnti/ setenta 70th seventieth /sévntieθ/ septuagésimo 80 eighty /éiti/ ochenta 80th eightieth /éitieθ/ octogésimo 90 ninety /náinti/ noventa 90th ninetieth /naintieθ/ nonagésimo 100 one hundred /wan húndrid/ cien 100th one hundredth /wan hándreθ/ centésimo 1,000 one thousand /wan θáuznd/ mil 1,000th one thousandth /wan θáuzndθ/ milésimo 1,000,000 one million /wan mílion/ un millón 1,000,000th one millionth /wan mílionθ/ millonésimo
TIME AND DATES 1. Units of time
second /séknd/ segundo month /mánθ/ mes
minute /mínit/ minuto season /sí:zon/ estación, temporada
hour /áuar/ hora year /yíar/ año
day /dei/ día century /séntchuri/ siglo
week /wi:k/ semana
2. Days of the week
Monday /mándi/ Lunes Saturday /sæ´tεrdi/ Sábado Tuesday /tíu:zdi/ Martes Sunday /sándi/ Domingo Wednesday /wénzdi/ Miércoles
Thursday /θε´:rzdi/ Jueves Friday /fráidi/ Viernes
Nota: En Inglés, los días de la semana y los meses del año siempre se escriben con mayúsculas.
3. Seasons of the year
summer /sámer/ verano winter /wínter/ invierno autumn /fall/ó:tm/ /fó:l/ otoño spring /spriη/ primavera
4. Months of the year
January /dllániuari/ Enero July /dllulái/ Julio February /fébruari/ Febrero August /ó:gast/ Agosto March /ma:rtch/ Marzo September /septémber/ Septiembre April /éiprl/ Abril October /októuber/ Octubre
May /mei/ Mayo November /nouvémber/ Noviembre
June /dllu:n/ Junio December /disémber/ Diciembre 5. Dates
Today is Monday, 2nd May, 2001 (the second of May, two thousand one)
He was born on January 26th, 1957 (January the twenty-sixth, nineteen fifty-seven)
A short course in english for adult students 57
KEY TO ANSWERS
UNIT 4
Part I
Ex. 3. 1. am listening 2. are going 3. is waiting 4. is working 5. are visiting 6. is arriving 7. are doing 8. are spending 9.
is coming 10. are speaking 11. is cutting 12. are working out
Ex. 4. 1. The children aren´t watching TV / Are the children watching TV? 2. John isn´t having breakfast now / Is John having breakfast now? 3. Bill isn´t answering the phone / Is Bill answering the phone? 4. I´m not helping John... / Am I helping John...? 5. The girl isn´t washing the dishes / Is the girl washing the dishes? 6. The cadet isn´t sleeping... / Is the cadet sleeping...? 7. It isn´t raining... / Is it raining...? 8. The students aren´t writing... / Are the students writing...?
9. You aren´t doing the exercises... / Are you doing the exercises...? 10. The dog isn´t drinking milk / Is the dog drinking milk? 11. The boy isn´t singing... / Is the boy singing...?
Ex. 5. 1. What´s Mary eating now? 2. What are John and his friends doing? 3. Where are they living at present? 4.
What are you doing? 5. What are the students reading? 6. How´s George travelling? 7. Why isn´t he working? 8. Which sweater is Billy wearing? 9. Why are you singing? 10. What are the men doing now? 11. What are you trying to do?
12. What are they looking at?
Ex. 6. 1. Hans: are - going Hans : am going / are - driving Bob: are fising 2.. Jane: is - doing / is sleeping Peter: is studying Jane: is - studyiung / is doing Peter: is planning .3. Mary: is watching / is cooking / is sleeping
Part II
Ex. 1. 2. The fifth of May, nineteen thirty-eight 3. The second of November, nineteen oh six 4. The eighteenth of July, nineteen hundred 5. The tenth of August, two thousand 6. The first of January, two thousand one 7. The eighteenth of September, eighteen ten 8. The fifth of December, nineteen seventy-eight 9. The twelfth of March, eighteen ninety-three 11. August the twenty-seventh, nineteen eighty-seven 12. February the twenty-eighth, nineteen fifty-six 13. October the twelfth, forteen ninety-two 14. July the second, nineteen fifty-six
Ex. 2. 1. It´s on... 2. He was born on... 3. Today´s... 4. The date today is... 5. There are seven days 6. The seasons of the year are Winter, Spring Summer and Autumn / Fall 7.... is my favority season. 8. The days of the week are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. 9. The months of the year are January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December 10.The first month of the year is January 11. The third day of the week is Wednesday 12. The last month of the year is December 13. There are twelve months in a year 14. There are twenty-four hours in a day 15. New Year´s day is on the first of January. 16. Our Independence Day is on September the eighteenth.
Bl 58
A short course in english for adult students 59