Statistik Sumber Daya Maritim dan Pesisir 2017

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https://www.bps.go.id

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https://www.bps.go.id

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STATISTICS OF MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES 2017

ISSN : 2086-2806

No. Publikasi/Publication Number : 04320.1702 Katalog BPS/BPS Catalogue : 3312002 Ukuran Buku/Book Size : 17,6 cm X 25 cm Jumlah Halaman/Number of Pages : xl + 310 halaman/pages

Naskah/Script :

Subdirektorat Statistik Lingkungan Hidup Subdirectorate of Environment Statistics

Penyunting/Editor :

Sub Direktorat Statistik Lingkungan Hidup Sub Directorate of Environment Statistics

Gambar Kulit/Cover Design:

Subdirektorat Statistik Lingkungan Hidup Subdirectorate of Environment Statistics

Diterbitkan oleh/Published by:

Dilarang mengumumkan, mendistribusikan, mengomunikasikan, dan/atau menggandakan sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini untuk tujuan komersial tanpa izin tertulis dari Badan Pusat Statistik

Prohibited to announce, distribute, communicate, and/or copy part or all of this book for commercial purpose without permission from BPS-Statistics Indonesia

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Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) sebagai negara kepulauan dengan tiga perempat wilayahnya terdiri dari laut, memiliki potensi sumber daya laut dan pesisir yang sangat besar. Visi dan Misi Nawacita yang telah dicanangkan oleh pemerintah salah satunya adalah untuk menjadikan Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia. Dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut diperlukan penegakan kedaulatan wilayah laut NKRI, pengembangan konektivitas maritim melalui program Tol Laut, revitalisasi sektor ekonomi kelautan, konservasi keanekaragaman hayati ekosistem kelautan, serta peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas sumber daya manusia di sektor kelautan.

Sumber daya laut dan pesisir memiliki cakupan yang luas dan memiliki hubungan kausal dengan berbagai faktor-faktor ekologi dan sosial ekonomi yang ada. Untuk itu, Publikasi Statistik Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir (SDLP) 2017 ini menyajikan statistik sumber daya laut dan pesisir yang mengacu pada kerangka pikir DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses) yang umum digunakan dalam analisis pengelolaan lingkungan. Data yang disajikan merupakan hasil kompilasi data yang diambil dari publikasi maupun laporan yang diterbitkan oleh berbagai kementerian maupun lembaga dan dinas terkait, seperti Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, dan Badan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah.

SDLP 2017 merupakan publikasi tahunan yang di terbitkan oleh BPS sejak tahun 2004 dalam rangka menyediakan data dan informasi statistik yang mendukung perencanaan dan evaluasi pembangunan sumber daya laut dan pesisir. Diharapkan SDLP 2017 dapat menjadi sumber informasi utama bagi para pemangku kepentingan dalam merumuskan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya laut dan pembangunan wilayah pesisir, akademisi serta pemerhati masalah laut dan pesisir.

Saran dan masukan untuk perbaikan publikasi ini di masa datang sangat kami harapkan. Kepada semua pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam penyusunan publikasi ini disampaikan penghargaan dan ucapan terimakasih.

Jakarta, Desember 2017 Kepala Badan Pusat Statistik

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The Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), as an archipelagic country with three-quarters of its territory, is sea, has a huge potential of marine and coastal resources. Nawacita’s vision and mission that has been declared by government one of them are to make Indonesia as the World Maritime Axis. In order to achieve that, it is necessary to enforce the sovereignty of NKRI marine territory, maritime connectivity development through marine highway program, marine economic sector revitalization, marine ecosystem biodiversity conservation, and human resources quality and quantity improvement in the marine sector.

Marine and coastal resources have a wide scope and causal relationship with various ecological and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, Statistics of Marine and Coastal Resources (SDLP) 2017 publication provides statistics on marine and coastal resources referring to the DPSIR (Driving forces- Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses) framework that commonly used in environmental management analyzes. The data presented are the compilation of data taken from publications and reports published by various ministries, institutions, and related agencies, such as Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and Regional Environment Agency.

SDLP 2017 publication is an annual publication published by BPS since 2004 in order to provide statistical data and information supporting the planning and evaluation of marine and coastal resource development. It is expected that SDLP 2017 can be a major information source for stakeholders in formulating policies on marine resource management and coastal area development, academics and observers of marine and coastal issues.

Feedback for this publication improvement in the future is expected. To all who have participated in preparing for this publication, I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude.

Jakarta, December 2017 BPS-Statistics Indonesia

Dr. Suhariyanto Chief Statistician

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Tiga perempat wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) merupakan wilayah perairan.

NKRI adalah negara kepulauan dengan jumlah pulau terbanyak di dunia yaitu 17.504 pulau serta mempunyai panjang garis pantai terpanjang kedua di dunia setelah Kanada. Hal tersebut menjadikan laut Indonesia memiliki sumber daya laut dan pesisir serta keanekargaman hayati yang amat besar.

Indonesia mempunyai produksi perikanan tangkap tertinggi kedua di dunia pada perairan laut (FAO, 2016). Penyebaran daerah penangkapan ikan di Indonesia mencapai luas sekitar 5,8 juta km

²

yang terbagi menjadi 11 Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia (WPPNRI). Disamping potensi perikanan tangkap, wilayah pesisir Indonesia juga memiliki potensi perikanan budidaya laut seluas 12.123.383 hektar.

Selain ikan, kekayaan laut Indonesia di wilayah pesisir berupa sumber daya hayati seperti mangrove, terumbu karang, dan padang lamun. Luas mangrove, terumbu karang, dan padang lamun di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2014-2016 cenderung fluktuatif namun mempunyai kecenderungan menurun baik luas maupun kondisi. Penurunan kondisi ketiga ekosistem tersebut diakibatkan oleh faktor alami dan faktor aktivitas manusia. Laut juga menyimpan potensi cadangan minyak dan gas bumi serta mineral. Tujuh puluh persen cadangan minyak dan gas bumi terdapat di cekungan-cekungan tersier lepas pantai dan lebih dari separuhnya terletak di laut dalam. Selain itu, laut juga menyimpan potensi yang besar sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Namun potensi tersebut sampai saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Potensi lain dari keberadaan laut dan pesisir adalah berbagai jasa lingkungan, seperti potensi wisata bahari, perdagangan, dan industri maritim. Peningkatan potensi jasa lingkungan didukung dengan adanya program-program yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah yaitu Program Tol Laut, Program Poros Maritim Dunia, dan pemberantasan pencurian ikan dan penyelundupan.

Pada tahun 2016, kontribusi perikanan dalam Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) sebesar 19,00 persen.

Volume ekspor hasil perikanan pada periode 2012-2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1,49 persen per tahun. Sebaliknya volume impor perikanan mengalami penurunan sebesar 6 persen per tahun pada periode yang sama. Selama periode tahun 2011-2015, trend ketersediaan ikan untuk konsumsi terus mengalami kenaikan, yaitu sebesar 8,69 persen atau rata-rata sebesar 9,96 juta ton ikan per tahun.

Persediaan ikan untuk konsumsi yang terus mengalami kenaikan kemungkinan berasal dari besarnya impor perikanan dan adanya overfishing. Produksi perikanan tangkap selama kurun tahun 2011-2016 mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 13,19 persen. Kenaikan tersebut didorong oleh peningkatan produksi perikanan tangkap di laut sebesar 9,49 persen dan peningkatan produksi perikanan tangkap di perairan umum sebesar 3,02 persen. Perikanan budidaya mengalami pertumbuhan hanya sebesar 2,91 persen pada kurun periode yang sama. Aktivitas perikanan budidaya selain membawa dampak positif juga

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Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan dari Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BPLHD) di seluruh provinsi, terdapat empat parameter yang digunakan sebagai ukuran kualitas air laut yang sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut (BMAL). Keempat parameter tersebut sebagian besar menunjukkan kenormalan. Hanya ada di beberapa perairan laut yang melebihi batas normal. Perairan laut Sulawesi Tengah menunjukkan pH yang agak rendah, Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium di (Kd) perairan laut Provinsi DI Yogyakarta diatas BMAL.

Untuk Total Coliform melebihi BMAL di perairan Sumatera Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Maluku.

Di Indonesia, sekitar 15,61 persen wilayah administrasi setingkat desa/kelurahan berada di tepi laut. Data Podes 2014 mencatat hanya sekitar 21,16 persen desa/kelurahan yang sebagian besar penduduknya mempunyai sumber penghasilan utama pada subsektor perikanan. Itupun lebih didominasi oleh perikanan tangkap (18,19 persen) daripada perikanan budidaya (2,97 persen). Menurut Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (2013), jumlah nelayan di Indonesia hanya sekitar 2.164.969 jiwa.

Angka tersebut hanya sekitar 1,95 persen dari jumlah penduduk berumur 15 tahun ke atas yang bekerja (Sakernas, 2013). Kecilnya persentase penduduk yang mempunyai mata pencaharian sebagai nelayan dapat disebabkan karena banyak hal, di antaranya penghasilan nelayan yang tidak pasti dan nilai upah yang kecil, pemanasan global yang mengakibatkan ketidakpastian cuaca, dan lain-lain.

Pekerjaan nelayan merupakan pekerjaan dengan resiko yang tinggi sehingga lebih didominasi oleh laki-laki dan biasanya anggota keluarga yang lain tidak dapat membantu secara penuh (Mugni, 2006). Maka tidak heran jika lebih dari 62,20 persen nelayan berumur antara 30-49 tahun (BPS, 2014a).

Jika dikaitkan dengan rata-rata upah buruh yang bekerja pada sektor perikanan selama satu bulan, mereka hanya memperoleh pendapatan maksimal sekitar 1.032.080 rupiah per bulan. Nilai tersebut sangat jauh dibandingkan dengan Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) yang mencapai 1.997.819,00 rupiah per bulan (BPS, 2016). Jika dilihat dari Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Pembudidaya Ikan (NTNP), pada tahun 2016 rata-rata NTNP nasional adalah sebesar 102,83, dimana Nilai Tukar Nelayan (NTN) memiliki indeks sebesar 108,24 dan Nilai Tukar Pembudidaya Ikan (NTPi) mencapai 98,96. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nelayan memiliki kesejahteraan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembudidaya ikan.

Untuk meningkatkan kondisi kesejahteraan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir, salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah melalui pemberian bantuan serta meningkatkan sarana dan prasaranan seperti perumahan, pendidikan, kesehatan baik berupa fasilitas maupun asuransi misalnya BPJS, Jamkesmas, dan Jamkesda, perekonomian, transportasi, dan telekomonikasi, serta pengembangan industri mikro dan kecil. Pengelolaan sumber daya laut dan pesisir serta peningkatan kondisi kesejahteraan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir dipengaruhi oleh besarnya Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki APBD kelautan dan perikanan terbesar pada tahun 2016, yaitu 499,6 miliyar rupiah, namun jika dilihat secara persentase hanya mengambil 0,79 persen dari total keseluruhan APBD.

Provinsi Maluku Utara memiliki persentase APBD kelautan dan perikanan terbesar dari total keseluruhan APBD yaitu sebesar 4,18 persen. Pemanfaatan potensi ekonomi khususnya potensi sumber daya laut dan pesisir harus diawasi agar tetap bersandar pada kepentingan publik dan kelestarian lingkungan. Adanya perangkat hukum dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam mengarahkan berbagai kegiatan pembangunan melalui pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya laut dan pesisir secara selaras dan seimbang.

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Three-quarters of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) territory is a water area. NKRI is an archipelagic country with the largest number of islands in the world with 17,504 islands and has the second longest coastline in the world after Canada. This makes Indonesian sea has huge marine and coastal resources and biodiversity. Indonesia has the world’s second-largest capture fisheries production in marine waters (FAO, 2016). Fishing areas distribution in Indonesia reaches about 5.8 million km

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which are divided into 11 Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia (WPPNRI). Besides capture fisheries potential, Indonesian coastal areas also have marine aquaculture potential areas of 12,123,383 hectares.

Besides fish, Indonesia’s marine wealth in the coastal areas is biological resources such as mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass. Mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass area in Indonesia during 2014-2016 tend to fluctuate but has a tendency to decline both the area and conditions. The decline in these three ecosystem conditions is caused by natural and human activity factors. The sea also holds oil, gas, and mineral reserves potential. Indonesian’s oil and gas reserves of about seventy percent are located in tertiary basins offshore and more than half of them are located in the deep sea. In addition, the sea also holds great potential as a renewable energy source. However, this potential has not been optimally utilized yet. Another potential of marine and coastal existence is the various environmental services that are closely related to the sea and coast, such as marine tourism, trade, and maritime industries potentials. Increased potential of environmental services is supported by programs implemented by government, namely Marine Highway Program, World Maritime Axis Program, and eradication of illegal fishing and smuggling.

In 2016, fisheries contribution in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 19.00 percent. The export volume of fishery products in 2012-2015 continues to increase by 1.49 percent per year. Otherwise, the volume of fishery imports decreased by 6 percent per year in the same period. During 2011-2015, the trend of fish availability for consumption continued to increase, ie 8.69 percent or an average of 9.96 million tons of fish per year. Fish stocks for consumption that continue to rise may due to large imports of fisheries and overfishing. Capture fisheries production during 2011-2016 grew by 13.19 percent, which was driven by an increased capture fisheries production in marine by 9.49 percent and in open waters by 3.02 percent. While the fisheries aquaculture experienced growth of only 2.91 percent in the same period. Besides positive impacts, fisheries aquaculture activities also have a negative impact. Land clearing in the coastal areas which utilized for excessive aquaculture activities will have an effect on the ecological functions of marine and coastal areas.

Destruction of marine ecosystems is caused by seawater pollution that affects seawater quality.

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limits. Central Sulawesi marine waters show a rather low pH, while DI Yogyakarta shows Lead (Pb) and Cadmium in (Kd) above BMAL. As for biological parameters, there are three territorial waters exceeding BMAL for Total Coliform which are West Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and Maluku.

In Indonesia, about 15.61 percent of the administrative area of the village is on the coastal.

Podes data 2014 recorded that only about 21.16 percent of villages that most of the population has a major source of income in fisheries sub-sector. But, it was more dominated by capture fishery (18.19 percent) than aquaculture fishery (2.97 percent). According to Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (2013), the number of fishermen in Indonesia is only about 2,164,969 person. It is only about 1.95 percent of working population aged 15 years and over (Sakernas, 2013). The small percentage of fishermen can be caused by many things, including uncertain fishermen’s income and small wage value, global warming, and others.

Being fishermen is a high-risk job so that it is more dominated by men and usually other family members cannot fully helping (Mugni, 2006). So, no wonder if there are more than 62.20 percent of fishermen aged between 30-49 years (BPS, 2014a). If it is associated with an average wage of fishery sector workers, they only get a maximum income of 1,032,080 rupiahs per month. That value far below from Regional Minimum Wage (UMR) which reached 1,997,819.00 rupiahs per month (BPS, 2016).

When viewed from the Fisherman and Fishery Cultivation Exchange (NTNP), national NTNP average by 2016 is 102.83, where Fisherman Exchange (NTN) has an index of 108.24 and Fishery Cultivation Exchange (NTPi) reaches 98,96. This shows that fishermen have better welfare than fish farmers.

To improve the condition of community welfare in coastal areas, one of the efforts made is through the provision of assistance and improve facilities and infrastructure such as housing, educational, and health facilities in the form of facilities and insurance such as BPJS, Jamkesmas, and Jamkesda, infrastructure of economic, transportation and telecommunication, and development of micro and small. Management of marine and coastal resources and improving the welfare conditions of communities in coastal area is influenced by the amount of Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). DKI Jakarta province has the largest marine and fishery budget in 2016, which is 499.6 billion rupiahs, which is down 17.93 percent compared to the previous year. However, when viewed the percentage of marine and fisheries budgets compared to total APBD amount is only taking 0.79 percent. North Maluku province has the largest percentage of marine and fisheries budget compared to total APBD owned by 4.18 percent. The economic potential, especially marine and coastal resources must be supervised to keep relying on the public interest and environmental sustainability. Legal instruments existence in the form of Regional Regulation, Governor Regulation, Governor Decree, and others can be used as a reference in directing various development activities through the management and utilization of marine and coastal resources in a harmonious and balanced manner.

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No Indikator Indicator

Tren secara Umum General

Trend

Status dan Komentar Status and Comments

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Keadaan Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir/State of Coastal and Marine Resources 1 Tutupan

Mangrove/

Mangrove Cover

Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, luas mangrove tahun 2014 sebesar 4,4 juta hektar, tahun 2015 sebesar 3,7 juta hektar dan tahun 2016 sebesar 3,9 juta hektar. Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi, kerusakan mangrove tahun 2016 sebesar 52 persen.

Based on data from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, mangrove area of 2014 was 3.9 million hectares, 2015 by 3.6 million hectares and 2016 by 3,9 million hectares.

2 Kondisi terumbu karang/Condition of coral reefs

- Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, luas terumbu karang tahun 2014 adalah 3,2 juta hektar dan 2015 adalah 2,3 juta hektar, sedangkan tahun 2016 adalah 2,5 juta hektar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian LIPI pada tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa di 1.259 lokasi kawasan terumbu karang yang ada di Indonesia terdapat sekitar 30,02 persen dalam kondisi kurang (tutupan karang hidup 0-24 persen);

37,97 persen mengalami kerusakan dengan kondisi cukup (tutupan karang hidup 25-49 persen); 27,01 persen masih dalam kondisi baik (tutupan karang hidup 50-74 persen);

dan hanya tinggal 5,00 persen dalam kondisi sangat baik (tutupan karang hidup 75-100 persen).

Based on data from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, the coral reefs of 2014 was 3,2 million hectares, 2015 by 2,3 million hectares, and 2016 by 2,5 million hectares. Based on the research of LIPI in 2015 shows that in 1,259 locations of coral reefs in Indonesia about 30.02 percent under inadequate conditions (live coral surface 0-24 percent); 37.97 percent suffered damage with adequate conditions (live coral surface 25-49 percent); 27.01 percent are still in good condition (live coral surface 50-74 percent);

and only 5.00 percent in excellent condition (live coral surface 75-100 percent).

3. Tutupan padang Berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi,

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No Indikator Indicator

secara Umum General

Trend

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4. Produksi perikanan Tangkap/Capture Fisheries Volume

Produksi perikanan tangkap selama kurun tahun 2011-2016 mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 13,19 persen. Kenaikan tersebut didorong oleh peningkatan produksi perikanan tangkap di laut sebesar 9,49 persen dan peningkatan produksi perikanan tangkap di perairan umum sebesar 3,02 persen.

Sedangkan perikan budidaya mengalami pertumbuhan hanya sebesar 2,91 persen pada kurun periode yang sama.

Capture fisheries production during 2011-2016 grew by 13.19 percent, which was driven by an increased capture fisheries production in marine by 9.49 percent and in open water by 3.02 percent. While cultivation fisheries experienced growth of only 2.91 percent in the same period.

5. Kawasan konservasi laut/Marine conservation area

Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah bertambah dari 112 kawasan menjadi 121 dengan luasan pada 2014 7.265.831 hektar menjadi 7.941.084 hektar.

Regional Aquatic Conservation Area increased from 112 areas to 121 with an area of 2014 was 7,265,831 hectares to 7,941,084 hectares.

Tekanan pada Wilayah Pesisir/Pressure on Coastal Zone 1 Laju pertumbuhan

penduduk di wilayah pesisir/

Population in coastal zone and its growth

Berdasarkan data Potensi Desa (PODES) selama 2008-2014, jumlah desa yang berada di tepi laut mengalami kenaikan, namun secara persentase tidak ada kenaikan yang signifikan.

Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan adanya proses pemekaran wilayah desa.

Based on data Village Potential (PODES) in 2008-2014, number of seaside villages was increased. but the percentage wasn’t increased significantly. This is probably due to the process of expansion of village areas.

2. Sampah di wilayah pesisir/Waste in coastal area

- Berdasarkan data PODES 2014, jumlah desa tepi laut yang mempunyai fasilitas TPS hanya sekitar 11,05 persen.

Based on data PODES 2014, number of seaside villages have TPS facilities was 11.05 percent.

3. Kualitas air laut/

Sea water quality

- Dalam kurun waktu 1998-2017, diperkirakan telah terjadi 37 kasus tumpahan minyak di perairan Indonesia.

In 1998-2017, it was estimated that 37 oil spill cases in Indonesian waters had occurred.

4. K o n s u m s i perikanan/Demand for fish and fishery products

Ketersediaan ikan selama kurun waktu 2014-2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 5,51 persen, diikuti dengan ketersediaan ikan per kapita yang naik sebesar 4,27 persen.

Fish availability during 2014-2015 has increased by 5.51 percent, followed by fish availability for per capita consumption which increased by 4.27 percent.

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secara Umum General

Trend

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Manajemen Kapasitas Kelembagaan dan Alokasi Anggaran untuk Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir/

Institutional Capacity and Budget Allocation for Marine and Coastal Resources Management 1 Jumlah desa

tepi laut yang menerima dana modal usaha untuk Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/

Number of coastal villages that receive capital fund through the comunity empowerment program

- Jumlah desa tepi Laut yang menerima dana modal usaha untuk Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat selama 3 tahun yang bersumber dari PNPM 20.242 desa, dari Non-PNPM 15.904 desa, dan dari gabungan PNPM dan Non PNPM 7.122 desa.

Number of seaside villages that receive capital fund through the community empowerment program during the last 3 years sourced from PNPM were 20,242 villages, from non-PNPM were 15,904 villages and combined both PNPM and Non-PNPM were 7,122 villages.

2. Jumlah Pusat Pelatihan Mandiri Kelautan dan Perikanan (P2MKP)/The number of independent training center of marine and fisheries

- Jumlah P2MKP pada tahun 2016 berjumlah 413 unit dengan unit di bidang budidaya paling banyak dengan jumlah 283 unit disusul Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan (PHP) sebanyak 99 unit.

Number of P2MKP in 2016 was 413 units, with the highest number was in cultivation when in 2016 was 283 units followed by Processing of Fisheries Products (PHP) as much as 99 units.

3. Persentase APBD untuk lingkungan hidup (laut dan perikanan) terhadap APBD Provinsi/

Percentage of provincial Budget for Enviroment (marine and fisheries)

APBN untuk program prioritas KKP yang tertuang pada pagu indikatif pada tahun 2017turun dibanding dengan tahun 2016 setelah penghematan sebesar Rp. 10,87 triliun. Untuk APBD untuk kelautan dan perikanan di 33 provinsi, hanya 14 provinsi APBD untuk kelautan dan perikanan mengalami kenaikan, dan 19 sisanya mengalami penurunan.

The APBN for the KKP priority program as stated in the indicative ceiling in 2017 decreased compared to 2016 after a savings of Rp. 10.87 trillion rupiahs. For APBD for marine and fisheries in 33 provinces, only 14 provinces of APBD for marine and fisheries increased, and the remaining 19

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secara Umum General

Trend

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Manajemen Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir/Coastal Resource Management 1. Penduduk dengan

akses ke sanitasi dan saluran air limbah/Population with access to sanitation and sewerage

- Persentase desa tepi laut yang mempunyai jamban sendiri 66,54 persen, dan yang tidak mempunyai jamban 21,40 persen. Sedangkan tempat pembuangan limbah cair terdiri dari lubang resapan (7,62 persen), drainase berupa got dan selokan (22,36 persen), langsung dibuang ke sungai atau saluran irigasi atau danau atau laut (11,37 persen), dalam lubang atau tanah (57,22 persen), dan lainnya (1,43 persen).

Percentage of seaside villages with own latrines is 66.54 percent, and those with no latrines is 21.40 percent. While the liquid waste disposal site consists of absorption hole (7.62 percent), sewer and sewer drainage (22.36 per cent), directly discharged into river/irrigation channel/ lake/ sea (11.37 percent), in hole or soil (57.22 percent), and others (1.43 percent).

2. Kemiskinan di rumah tangga nelayan/Poverty among fishing households

- Jumlah desa tepi laut yang terdapat warga penerima Jamkesmas/Jamkesda selama tahun 2013 sebanyak 11.977 desa atau 93,37 persen dari seluruh desa yang ada di tepi laut. Jumlah desa yang terdapat warga sebagai peserta BPJS kesehatan sebanyak 10.357 desa (80,74 persen). Jumlah desa tepi laut yang mengeluarkan SKTM sebanyak 7.040 desa (54,88 persen).

The number of seaside villages with Jamkesmas/Jamkesda beneficiaries during 2013 is 11,977 villages or 93.37 percent of all seaside villages. The total number of villages where there are BPJS’ mem bers is 10,357 villages (80.74 percent), and the number of seaside villages that issued SKTM is 7.040 villages (54.88 percent).

3. Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Pembudidaya Ikan (NTNP)/Fisherman and Fisheries Farmer’s Terms of Trade of Fisheries Subsector

Rata-rata NTNP nasional tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 102,83 dimana Nilai Tukar Nelayan (NTN) memiliki indeks sebesar 108,24 dan Nilai Tukar Pembudidaya Ikan (NTPi) mencapai 98,96. Nilai ini naik jika dibadingkan dengan 2015, Rata-rata NTNP nasional sebesar 102,38.

The national average of NTNP 2016 is 102.83 where Fisherman Exchange (NTN) has an index of 108.24 and Fishery Cultivation Exchange (NTPi) reaches 98.96. This value is increased than 2015, the national average of NTNP was 102.38.

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Halaman Page

Kata Pengantar/Preface ... iii

Ringkasan Eksekutif/Executive Summary ... v

Kartu Catatan Angka/Scorecard ... ix

Peta Titik-titik Penting/Hot Spot Maps ... xiii

Daftar Isi/Contents ... xv

Daftar Tabel/List of Tables ... xix

Daftar Gambar/List of Figures ... xxxi

Daftar Singkatan/List of Abbreviations ... xxxiii

Penjelasan Umum/Explanatory Notes ... xxxvii

I. GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH LAUT DAN PESISIR ... 1

GENERAL OVERVIEW OF MARINE AND COASTAL REGION 1.1. Negara Kepulauan/Archipelago Country ... 3

1.2. Keanekaragaman Hayati (Kehati)/Biodiversity ... 5

1.3. Manfaat Ekosistem Laut dan Pesisir ... 7

Advantage of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems II. POTENSI SUMBER DAYA LAUT DAN PESISIR/MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES ... 17

2.1. Sumber Daya Perikanan/Fisheries Resources ... 19

2.2. Sumber Daya Hayati/Biological Resources ... 22

A. Mangrove/Mangrove ... 23

B. Terumbu Karang/Coral Reefs ... 25

C. Padang Lamun/Seagrass ... 27

2.3. Sumber Daya Energi/Energy Resources ... 29

2.4. Jasa-jasa Lingkungan/Environmental Services ... 32

III. TEKANAN TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA LAUT DAN PESISIR ... 63

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Land Clearing Impact for Aquaculture

3.4. Pencemaran Laut/Marine Pollution ... 70

3.5. Perubahan Iklim/Climate Change ... 73

A. Kerusakan Ekosistem/Ecosystem Damage ... 74

B. Penurunan Keanekaragaman Hayati/Decrease of Biodiversity ... 74

C. Sedimentasi dan Abrasi/Sedimentation and Abrasion ... 75

IV. KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR/COASTAL COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS ... 137

4.1. Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir ... 139

Socio-Economic Coastal Communities Condition 4.2. Peningkatan Kehidupan Masyarakat Pesisir ... 145

Coastal Communities Lives Improvement A. Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) ... 145

Community Empowerment National Program (PNPM) B. Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR) ... 146

People’s Salt Enterprise Empowerment Program (PUGAR) 4.3. Pengembangan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Pesisir ... 147

Coastal Communities Development and Protection A. Sarana Perumahan/Housing Facilities ... 150

B. Sarana Pendidikan dan Kesehatan/Education and Health Facilities ... 151

C. Sarana Perekonomian, Transportasi, dan Telekomonikasi ... 154

Economics, Transportation, and Telecommunications Facilities D. Industri Mikro dan Kecil/Micro and Small Industries ... 158

V. KEBIJAKAN, STRATEGI, DAN PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA LAUT DAN PESISIR/POLICY, STRATEGY, AND PLANNING MANAGEMENT OF MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ... 213

5.1. Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir Terpadu ... 215

Integrated Marine and Coastal Resources Management Policy 5.2. Perangkat Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir ... 216

Law of Marine and Coastal Resources Management 5.3. Tindak Pidana Perikanan dan Pengawasan Kelautan ... 219 Fisheries Crime and Marine Surveillance

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CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE: CONDITION OF NATIONAL MARINE TRANSPORTATION

6.1. Evaluasi Tol Laut/Evaluation of Marine Highway ... 251

6.2. Kondisi Transportasi Laut Nasional/Condition of National Marine Transportation .... 254

A. Kementerian Perhubungan/Ministry of Transportation ... 254

B. Logistics Performance Index (LPI) ... 255

C. The Global Competitiveness Report ... 256

D. Lloyd’s List and Containerisation International ... 257

VII. LAMPIRAN/APPENDIX ... 265

7.1. Kerangka Kerja dan Metodologi DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-States-Impacts- Responses) ... 267

Framework and Methodology The DPSIR (Driving force-Pressures-States- Impacts-Responses) 7.2. Istilah, Definisi, dan Sumber Definisi ... 275

List of Terminology, Definition, and Source of Definition Daftar Pustaka/References ... 303

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Halaman Page I. GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH LAUT DAN PESISIR/GENERAL OVERVIEW OF

MARINE AND COASTAL REGION

1.1 Pembagian Wilayah Ekoregion Laut di Indonesia ... 9 Division of Marine Ecoregion in Indonesia

1.2 Luas Wilayah, Jumlah Wilayah Administrasi, dan Panjang Garis Pantai menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 10 Area, Number of Administration Area, and Length of Coastline

by Province, 2016

1.3 Jumlah dan Persentase Desa/Kelurahan menurut Provinsi dan Letak

Geografis, 2014 ... 11 Number and Percentage of Villages by Province and Geographical

Location, 2014

1.4 Rekapitulasi Data Pulau di Indonesia Sebelum dan Sesudah Diverifikasi

menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 12 Recapitulation of Islands Data in Indonesia Before and After Verified

by Province, 2016

1.5 Pulau-pulau Kecil Terluar menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 13 Small Outer Islands by Province, 2016

1.6 Jumlah Pulau-pulau Kecil Terluar menurut Status Kependudukan dan

Provinsi, 2016 ... 16 Number of Small Outer Islands by Population Status and Province, 2016

II. POTENSI SUMBER DAYA LAUT DAN PESISIR/MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES

2.1 Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Laut menurut Jenis Ikan, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 37 The Production of Mariculture by Type of Fish, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.2 Produksi Perikanan Tangkap Udang di Laut menurut Jenis Udang dan

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dan Provinsi, 2014 (Juta Rupiah) ... 40 Production Value of Marine Shrimp Capture Fisheries by Type of Shrimp and Province, 2014 (Million Rupiahs)

2.4 Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Laut menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 42 Production of Mariculture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.5 Nilai Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Laut menurut Provinsi,

2011-2015 (Juta Rupiah) ... 43 Production Value of Mariculture by Province, 2011-2015 (Million Rupiahs)

2.6 Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Tambak menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 44 Production of Brackishwater Pond Culture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.7 Nilai Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Tambak menurut Provinsi,

2011-2015 (Juta Rupiah) ... 45 Production Value of Brackishwater Pond Culture by Province, 2011-2015

(Million Rupiahs)

2.8 Produksi Budidaya Rumput Laut menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 46 Production of Seaweed Culture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.9 Produksi Budidaya Udang menurut Jenis Udang dan Provinsi, 2015 (Ton) ... 47 Production of Shrimp Culture by Type of Shrimp and Province, 2015 (Tonnes) 2.10 Nilai Produksi Budidaya Udang menurut Provinsi dan Jenis Udang,

2015 (Juta Rupiah) ... 48 Production Value of Shrimp Culture by Province and Type of Shrimp, 2015

(Million Rupiahs)

2.11 Produksi Budidaya Udang Windu menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 49 Production of Black Tiger Shrimp Culture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.12 Produksi Budidaya Udang Putih menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 50 Production of White Tiger Shrimp Culture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.13 Produksi Budidaya Udang Vaname menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ton) ... 51 Production of Vaname Shrimp Culture by Province, 2011-2015 (Tonnes)

2.14 Luas dan Kondisi Hutan Mangrove menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 52 Area and Condition of Mangrove Forest by Province, 2016

2.15 Luas dan Kondisi Terumbu Karang menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 53 Area and Condition of Coral Reef by Province, 2016

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2011-2015 ... 54 Number of Locations and Percentage of Coral Reef Condition by Area,

2011-2015

2.17 Luas dan Kondisi Padang Lamun menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 55 Area and Condition of Seagrass by Province, 2016

2.18 Jumlah Pelabuhan menurut Jenis Pelabuhan Perikanan dan Provinsi, 2016 .... 56 Number of Port by Type of Fishing Port and Province, 2016

2.19 Jumlah Pengunjung Taman Wisata Alam Laut di Beberapa Provinsi,

2009-2014 (Orang) ... 57 Number of Visitors to Marine Ecotourism Parks in Several Provinces,

2009-2014 (Person)

2.20 Jumlah Jasa Wisata Bahari/Tirta, 2015-2016 ... 58 Number of Marine/Water Tourism Service, 2015-2016

2.21 Jumlah dan Luas Kawasan Konservasi Laut menurut Provinsi, 2015 ... 59 Number and Area of Marine Conservation by Province, 2015

III. TEKANAN TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA LAUT DAN PESISIR/PRESSURE ON COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES

3.1 Neraca Perdagangan Internasional Komoditas Perikanan, 2012-2016 ... 77 The International Balance of Trade of Fish Commodity, 2012-2016

3.2 Ketersediaan Ikan untuk Konsumsi, Angka Konsumsi Ikan,

dan Ketersediaan Nutrisi dari Ikan per Kapita, 2011-2015 ... 78 The Fish Supply for Consumption, Fish Consumption, and Fish Nutrition per

Capita Availability, 2011-2015

3.3 Produksi Perikanan Indonesia, 2011-2016 (1 000 Ton) ... 79 Fisheries Production of Indonesia, 2011-2016 (1 000 Tonnes)

3.4 Potensi Lahan Budidaya dan Tingkat Pemanfaatan di Indonesia, 2015 ... 80 The Potency of Aquaculture Area and Usage Level in Indonesia, 2015

3.5 Persentase Kontribusi Perikanan Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto

Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 ... 81

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Volume of Export on Fishery Products by Province, 2012-2016 (Tonnes)

3.7 Nilai Ekspor Hasil Perikanan menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 (000 US$) ... 83 Value of Export on Fishery Products by Province, 2012-2016 (000 US$)

3.8 Persentase Nilai Ekspor Hasil Perikanan Terhadap Total Nilai Ekspor

menurut Provinsi, 2014-2015 ... 84 Percentage of Export Value on Fishery Products to Total of Export Value

by Province, 2014-2015

3.9 Volume dan Nilai Ekspor Hasil Perikanan menurut Komoditas Utama,

2012-2016 ... 85 Export Volume and Value of Fish Product By Major Commodities, 2012-2016

3.10 Volume Impor Hasil Perikanan menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 (Ton) ... 86 Volume of Import on Fishery Products by Province, 2012-2016 (Tonnes)

3.11 Nilai Impor Hasil Perikanan menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 (000 US$) ... 87 Value of Import on Fishery Products by Province, 2012-2016 (000 US$)

3.12 Persentase Nilai Impor Hasil Perikanan Terhadap Total Nilai Impor

menurut Provinsi, 2014-2015 ... 88 Percentage of Import Value on Fishery Products to Total of Import Value

by Province, 2014-2015

3.13 Volume dan Nilai Impor Hasil Perikanan menurut Komoditas Utama,

2012-2016 ... 89 Import Volume and Value of Fish Product By Major Commodities, 2012-2016

3.14 Exploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Indonesia, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 90 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Indonesia, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.15 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Indonesia, 2012-2015 (Juta Rupiah) ... 91 Production Value of Fish Resources in Indonesia, 2012-2015 (Million Rupiahs) 3.16 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Barat Sumatera, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 92

Exploitation of Fish Resources in Western Sumatera, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.17 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Timur Sumatera, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 93 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Eastern Sumatera, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.18 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Utara Jawa, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 94 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Northern Java, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.19 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan Jawa, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 95 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Southern Java, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

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Exploitation of Fish Resources in Bali and Nusa Tenggara, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.21 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selat Malaka, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 97 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Malacca Strait, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.22 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan/Barat Kalimantan,

2012-2015 (Ton) ... 98 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Southern/Western Kalimantan,

2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.23 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Timur Kalimantan, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 99 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Eastern Kalimantan, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.24 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Utara Sulawesi, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 100 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Northern Sulawesi, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.25 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan Sulawesi, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 101 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Southern Sulawesi, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.26 Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Ikan di Maluku dan Papua, 2012-2015 (Ton) ... 102 Exploitation of Fish Resources in Maluku and Papua, 2012-2015 (Tonnes)

3.27 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Barat Sumatera,

2011-2014 (Juta Rupiah) ... 103 Production Value of Fish Resources in Western Sumatera,

2011-2014 (Million Rupiahs)

3.28 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Timur Sumatera,

2011-2014 (Juta Rupiah) ... 104 Production Value of Fish Resources in Eastern Sumatera,

3.29 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Utara Jawa, 2011-2014 (Juta Rupiah) ... 105 Production Value of Fish Resources in Northern Java,

3.30 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan Jawa, 2011-2014 (Juta Rupiah) ... 106 Production Value of Fish Resources in Southern Java,

3.31 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Bali dan Nusa Tenggara,

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Production Value of Fish Resources in Malacca Strait, 2011-2014 (Million Rupiahs)

3.33 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan/Barat Kalimantan, 2011-2014

(Juta Rupiah) ... 109 Production Value of Fish Resources in Southern/Western Kalimantan,

3.34 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Timur Kalimantan, 2011-2014

(Juta Rupiah) ... 110 Production Value of Fish Resources in Eastern Kalimantan, 2011-2014

(Million Rupiahs)

3.35 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Utara Sulawesi, 2011-2014

(Juta Rupiah) ... 111 Production Value of Fish Resources in Northern Sulawesi, 2011-2014

(Million Rupiahs)

3.36 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Selatan Sulawesi, 2011-2014

(Juta Rupiah) ... 112 Production Value of Fish Resources in Southern Sulawesi, 2011-2014

(Million Rupiahs)

3.37 Nilai Produksi Sumber Daya Ikan di Maluku dan Papua, 2011-2014

(Juta Rupiah) ... 113 Production Value of Fish Resources in Maluku and Papua, 2011-2014

(Million Rupiahs)

3.38 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi, Pemanfaat Laut, dan Keberadaan

Mangrove, 2014 ... 114 Number of Seaside Villages by Province, Utilization of the sea,

and the Existence of Mangrove, 2014

3.39 Luas Usaha dan Produksi Budidaya Tambak dan Laut menurut Provinsi,

2015 (Ton) ... 115 Area and Production of Brackishwater Pond and Mariculture by Province,

2015 (Tonnes)

3.40 Jumlah Benih Ikan yang Ditebar Menurut Jenis Budidaya dan Provinsi,

2014-2015 ... 116 Number of Fish Seeds by Type of Culture and Province, 2014-2015

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2011-2015 ... 119 Number of Feed by Type of Culture and Province, 2011-2015

3.42 Jumlah Pupuk yang Ditebar Menurut Jenis Budidaya dan Provinsi,

2011-2015 ... 122 Number of Fertilizer by Type of Culture and Province, 2011-2015

3.43 Jumlah Obat-obatan yang Ditebar Menurut Jenis Budidaya dan Provinsi,

2011-2015 ... 123 Number of Pesticide by Type of Culture and Province, 2011-2015

3.44 Rata-Rata Konsumsi Kalori per Kapita Sehari dari Ikan menurut Provinsi dan

Tipe Daerah, 2015-2017 (kkal) ... 124 Daily Average per Capita Consumption of Calorie from Fish by Province and

Type of Region, 2015-2017 (kcal)

3.45 Rata-Rata Konsumsi Protein per Kapita Sehari dari Ikan menurut Provinsi dan Tipe Daerah, 2015-2017 (kkal) ... 125 Daily Average per Capita Consumption of Protein from Fish by Province and

Type of Region, 2015-2017 (kcal)

3.46 Kejadian Tumpahan Minyak di Perairan Indonesia, 1997-2016 ... 126 Occurrence of Oil Spill in Indonesian Waters, 1997-2016

3.47 Kualitas Air Laut di Sekitar Pelabuhan di Indonesia, 2016 ... 127 Quality of Sea Water Around Port in Indonesia, 2016

3.48 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi dan Terjadinya Pencemaran, 2014 ... 130 Number of Seaside Villages by Province and Pollution Incident, 2014

3.49 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi, Tempat Buang Sampah oleh Sebagian Besar Keluarga, dan Ketersediaan Tempat Penampungan Sampah

Sementara (TPS), 2014 ... 132 Number of Seaside Villages by Province, Type of Garbage Dump Area,

and Temporary Shelters Trash, 2014

3.50 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi dan Perubahan Penggunaan

(Konversi) Lahan Selama Setahun Terakhir, 2014 ... 133 Number of Seaside Villages by Province and Land Conversion during

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yang terjadi selama 3 Tahun Terakhir, 2014 ... 134 Number of Seaside Village by Province and Type of Natural Disaster for the

Last 3 Years, 2014

3.52 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang Mempunyai Fasilitas/Upaya Antisipasi/Mitigasi

Bencana Alam menurut Provinsi, 2014 ... 136 Number of Seaside Villages Having Anticipation/Mitigation of Natural

Disasters Facility by Province, 2014

IV. KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR/COASTAL COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS 4.1 Rata-rata Upah Buruh Tani Nasional Sektor Perikanan (Rp/Hari),

2011-2016 ... 161 Average of National Wages of Farm Laborers Fishery Sector (Rupiahs/Day),

2011-2016

4.2 Persentase Rumah Tangga Usaha Penangkapan Ikan Menurut Jenis

Kapal/Perahu dan Kondisi Kesulitan Dalam Pemasaran, 2014 ... 162 Percentage of Fishing Household by Type of Ship/Boat and Complication

in Marketing Condition, 2014

4.3 Persentase Rumah Tangga Menurut Jenis Ikan yang Diusahakan dan

Penyebab Utama Kesulitan Pemasaran, 2014 ... 163 Percentage of Fishing Household by Type of Ship/Boat and Complication

in Marketing Condition, 2014

4.4 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi dan Sumber Penghasilan

Utama Sebagian Besar Penduduk, 2014 ... 164 Number of Seaside Villages by Province and Main Income Source

of Major Population, 2014

4.5 Jumlah Nelayan di Laut menurut Propinsi, 2011-2015 (Orang) ... 166 Number of Marine Fishermen by Province, 2011-2015 (Person)

4.6 Jumlah Nelayan di Laut menurut Provinsi dan Kategori Nelayan,

2015 (Orang) ... 167 Number of Marine Fishers by Province and Category of Fishers, 2015 (Person) 4.7 Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Pembudidaya Ikan menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 168

Fisherman and Fish Farmers’ Terms of Trade Value by Province, 2016 (2012=100)

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Fishermans’ Terms of Trade Value by Province, 2016 (2012=100)

4.9 Nilai Tukar Pembudidaya Ikan menurut Provinsi, 2016 ... 172 Fish Farmers’ Terms of Trade Value by Province, 2016 (2012=100)

4.10 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang menerima Dana Modal Usaha untuk Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Selama 3 tahun terakhir menurut Provinsi dan

Sumber Dana, 2014 ... 174 Number of Seaside Villages that Receive Capital Fund through the Comunity Empowerment Program for the Last 3 years by Province and Type of Funding Sources, 2014

4.11 Luas Lahan, Jumlah Produksi, dan Jumlah Petambak Garam menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 ... 176

Land Area, Production Number, and Labors Number of Salt Farmers by Province, 2011-2015

4.12 Jumlah Rumah Tangga/Perusahaan Perikanan (RTP/PP) Tangkap di Laut

menurut Provinsi, 2011-2015 ... 179 Number of Marine Capture Household/Fishing Company by Province,

2011-2015

4.13 Jumlah Rumah Tangga Perikanan Budidaya Laut dan Tambak serta

Pembudidaya Ikan menurut Provinsi, 2015 ... 180 Number of Mariculture and Brackishwater Pond Culture Households and

Fish Farmer by Province, 2015

4.14 Jumlah Rumah Tangga/Perusahaan Perikanan (RTP/PP) Tangkap di Laut

menurut Provinsi dan Jenis Perahu yang Digunakan, 2015 ... 181 Number of Marine Capture Fisheries Households/Fishing Company by

Province and Type of Fishing Boat, 2015

4.15 Jumlah Perahu/Kapal Penangkap Ikan di Perairan Laut menurut Provinsi dan

Jenis Kapal yang Digunakan, 2014-2015 ... 182 Number of Marine Fishing Boats by Province and Type of Fishing Boat,

2014-2015

4.16 Jumlah Alat Penangkap Ikan Laut menurut Jenis Alat Penangkap,

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Permukiman di Bantaran Sungai, di Bawah Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra

Tinggi (SUTET), dan Permukiman Kumuh, 2014 ... 185 Number of Seaside Villages by Availability of Settlement on River Bank,

Below Extra High Voltage Air Channel, and Slum Settlement, 2014

4.18 Jumlah Keluarga pada Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi dan Pengguna Listrik, 2014 ... 187

Number of Families on Seaside Villages by Province and Power Electricity Users, 2014

4.19 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi, Tempat Buang Air Besar, dan Tempat/Saluran Pembuangan Limbah Cair/Air Kotor Sebagian Besar

Keluarga, 2014 ... 188 Number of Seaside Villages by Province, Type of Toilet Facility, and Type of

Drain/Area Liquid Waste Disposal by Most of Families, 2014

4.20 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi, Sumber Air Minum, dan Jenis

Bahan Bakar untuk Memasak Sebagian Besar Keluarga, 2014 ... 189 Number of Seaside Villages by Province, Main Source of Drinking Water,

and Type of Cooking Fuel Most of Families, 2014

4.21 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang mempunyai Fasilitas Pendidikan menurut

Provinsi dan Tingkat Pendidikan, 2014 ... 192 Number of Seaside Villages Having Education Facility by Province and

Type of Education Level, 2014

4.22 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang Mempunyai Sarana Kesehatan menurut Provinsi

dan Jenis Sarana Kesehatan, 2014 ... 195 Number of Seaside Villages Having Health Facility by Province and Type of

Health Facility, 2014

4.23 Banyaknya Desa di Tepi Laut Menurut Keberadaan Tenaga Kesehatan

Dan Dukun Bayi Yang Tinggal Di Desa, 2014 ... 197 Number of Seaside Villages By Availability Of Health Practitioner And

Traditional Birth Attendant Who Live In Village, 2014

4.24 Banyaknya Desa Tepi Laut Menurut Keberadaan Warga Penerima Jamkesmas/

Jamkesda, BPJS Kesehatan (JKN), dan Warga Penerima Surat Keterangan

Tidak Mampu Pada Tahun 2013 ... 198 Number of Seaside Villages By Presence Of People Who Received Jamkesmas/

Jamkesda, JKN, and People Who Received Poor Certificate In 2013

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Orang yang Dipasung , 2014 ... 199 Number of Seaside Villages by Presence of Malnutrition and

Deprived People, 2014

4.26 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang Mempunyai Sarana Perdagangan dan Hotel

menurut Provinsi, 2014 ... 200 Number of Seaside Villages Having Trade Facility and Hotel by Province,

2014

4.27 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut menurut Provinsi dan Sarana dan Prasarana

Transportasi Antardesa, 2014 ... 201 Number of Seaside Villages by Province and Transportation Facilities

between Village, 2014

4.28 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang Mempunyai Sarana Komunikasi menurut Provinsi

dan Jenis Sarana Komunikasi, 2014 ... 202 Number of Seaside Villages Having Communication Facilities by Province

and Type of Communication Facility, 2014

4.29 Banyaknya Desa Tepi Laut menurut Keberadaan Base Transceiver Station

(BTS) dan Sinyal Telepon Seluler, 2014 ... 205 Number of Seaside Villages by Existence Of Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

and Cellular Phone Signal, 2014

4.30 Banyaknya Desa Tepi Laut menurut Keberadaan dan Jenis Industri Kecil dan

Mikro, 2014 ... 206 Number of Seaside Villages by Availability and Type of Small and

Micro Industry, 2014

4.31 Jumlah Desa Tepi Laut yang Mempunyai Sarana Koperasi menurut

Provinsi, 2014 ... 208 Number of Seaside Villages Having Cooperation Facility by Province, 2014

4.32 Banyaknya Desa Tepi Laut Menurut Keberadaan Bank, 2014 ... 209 Number of Seaside Villages by Availability of Bank, 2014

4.33 Jumlah Penyuluh Perikanan menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 (Orang) ... 210 Number of Fishery Counselling by Province, 2012-2016 (Person)

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STRATEGY, AND PLANNING MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AREAS

5.1 Program Prioritas dan Pagu Indikatif KKP Tahun 2017 ... 225 Priority Program and Indicative Budget of Ministry of Marine and Fishery,

2017

5.2 Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah terkait Kelautan dan Perikanan ... 226 Local Goverment Policies related to Marine and Fisheries

5.3 Jumlah Peraturan Perundang-undangan (Peraturan Daerah, Peraturan Pemerintah, Surat Keputusan Menteri, dan Undang-undang) di Bidang

Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2012-2016 ... 227 Number of Legislation (Local Laws, Government Regulations, the Decree

of the Minister, and Law) in the Marine and Fishery Sector, 2012-2016 5.4 Nilai dan Persentase APBD Provinsi untuk Perikanan dan Kelautan terhadap

APBD Provinsi menurut Provinsi, 2015-2016 ... 228 Value and Percentage of Provincial Budget for The Marine and Fishery

by Province, 2015-2016

5.5 Penanaman/Rehabilitasi Hutan Mangrove, Rawa, dan Gambut menurut

Provinsi, 2011-2015 (Ha) ... 229 Mangrove, Peat, and Swamp Forest Plantation/Rehabilitation by Province,

2011-2015 (Ha)

5.6 Hasil Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) yang terkait dengan Pesisir dan Kelautan Berdasarkan

Kategori Peringkat, 2015-2016 ... 230 Result of Corporate Performance Rating in Environmental Management

(PROPER) related to Coastal and Marine Based by Category Ranking, 2015-2016

5.7 Jumlah dan Nama Speedboat Pengawas menurut Provinsi, 2015 ... 232 Number and Name of Surveillance Speedboat by Province, 2015

5.8 Jumlah Tindak Pidana Perikanan menurut Provinsi, 2012-2016 (Kasus) ... 234 Number of Fisheries Crime by Province, 2012-2016 (Cases)

5.9 Jumlah Tindak Pidana Perikanan menurut Jenis Tindak Pidana, 2011-2015

(Kasus) ... 235 Number of Fisheries Crime by Type of Crime, 2011-2015 (Cases)

5.10 Hasil Operasi Kapal Pengawas, 2012-2016 (buah) ... 237 The Result of Surveillance Operations Vessels, 2012-2016 (units)

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Number of Arrested Vessel by Origin Country, 2012-2016

5.12 Jumlah Kapal Tindak Pidana Perikanan yang ditenggelamkan Berdasarkan

Bendera Asal, 2015-2016 ... 239 Number of Ship Sunk of Fisheries Crime by Origin Flag, 2015-2016

5.13 Jumlah Polisi Khusus Pengawasan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil,

2012-2016 ... 240 Number of Special Police Surveillance of Coastal Area and Small Island,

2012-2016

5.14 Jumlah Awak KapaI Pengawas, 2012-2016 (Orang) ... 241 Number of Surveillance Vessel’s Crews, 2012-2016 (People)

5.15 Kelembagaan Pengawasan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan,

2015-2016 ... 242 The Institution of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance, 2015-2016

5.16 Jumlah Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawasan (POKMASWAS), 2012-2016 ... 244 Number of Community Control Groups by Province, 2012-2016

5.17 Jumlah Lulusan Sekolah Perikanan Lingkup Kementerian Kelautan dan

Perikanan menurut Provinsi dan Nama Sekolah, 2011-2015 ... 245 Number of Fishery School Alumni in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

by Province and Name of School, 2011-2015

5.18 Jumlah Peneliti Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan menurut Satuan Kerja

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2012-2016 ... 246 Number of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Researchers by working

unit and Laboratory by Each Work Unit of Agency of Marine and Fisheries Research, 2012-2016

5.19 Jumlah Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Tersertifikat Lingkup Balitbang KP

dan Capaian Sertifikat Paten Sentra HKIKKP, 2012-2016 ... 247 Number of The Right of Intelectual Sertification in Agency of Marine and

Fisheries Research and The Achievement of Patent Registration Center of Right of Intelectual Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, 2012-2016

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Inflation Rate of 20 Cities Passed by Marine Highway in Indonesia (2012=100) 6.3 Posisi Logistic Performance Index (LPI) Indonesia, 2012–2016 ... 261

Indonesia Logistic Performance Index (LPI) Positions, 2012–2016

6.4 Peringkat dan Nilai Indonesia Tiap Indikator ... 262 Logistic Performance Index (LPI) 2016

6.5 The Global Competitiveness Index World Economic Forum 2014–2017

(Infrastruktur/Infrastructure) ... 263 6.6 Peringkat Pelabuhan di Kawasan Asia Tenggara, 2014-2015 ... 264

Port Ranking in Southeast Asia Region, 2014-2015

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Halaman Page 1.1 Pembagian Wilayah Ekoregion Laut di Indonesia ... 5

Division of Marine Ecoregion in Indonesia

1.2 Jenis Keanekaragaman Hayati Biota Laut/Type of Biodiversity of Sea Biota ... 6 2.1 Peta WPPNRI beserta Potensinya ... 20

Map of Fishery Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia and its Potential

2.2 Luas Mangrove, Terumbu Karang, dan Padang Lamun di Indonesia, 2014-2016 ... 24 The Area of Mangroves, Coral Reefs, and Sea Grasses in Indonesia, 2014-2016

2.3 Peta Cekungan Sedimen Tersier di Indonesia, 2007 ... 29 Map of Tertiary Sedimentary Basins in Indonesia, 2007

2.4 Peta Kandungan Mineral di Kawasan Perairan Indonesia ... 30 Map of Mineral Content in Indonesian Waters Area

2.5 Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia/Archipelagic Sea Lanes of Indonesia ... 34 3.1 Angka Konsumsi Ikan per Kapita, 2011-2015 ... 66

Fish Consumption per Capita, 2011-2015

3.2 Produksi Perikanan Indonesia, 2011-2015 ... 68 Fisheries Production of Indonesian, 2011-2015

3.3 Pengetahuan tentang Perubahan Iklim/Knowledge about Climate Change ... 73 4.1 Perkembangan Desa Tepi Laut dan Persentase Desa Tepi Laut menurut Sumber

Penghasilan Utama ... 140 Overview of Seaside Villages and Percentage of Seaside Villages by Major Earnings

Source

4.2 Perkembangan Jumlah Nelayan, di Laut, Persentase Nelayan di Laut menurut Kategori Nelayan, dan Persentase Nelayan di Laut menurut Kelompok Umur ... 141 Overview of the Number of Fishermen, by the Sea, Percentage of Fishermen in the Sea by Category of Fishermen, and Percentage of Fishermen in the Sea by Age Group 4.3 Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Pembudidaya Ikan (NTNP), 2014-2016 ... 144

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2014-2016 ... 149 Graphic of Overview of Capture Fishery Household/Company by Type of Boat Used, 2014-2016

5.1 Jumlah Perusahan Perikanan dan Galangan Kapal Berdasarkan Peringkat PROPER

yang Diberikan, 2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016 ... 219 Number of Fishing Enterprises and Shipyard based on PROPER Rating Provided,

2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016

5.2 Jumlah Hakim Adhoc di Pengadilan Perikanan ... 221 Number of Adhoc Judges in Fisheries Court

6.1 Rute Tol Laut/Marine Highway Route ... 252 7.1 Kerangka Kerja DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures -States-Impacts-Responses) ... 269

The DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures -States-Impacts-Responses) Framework

https://www.bps.go.id

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ALKI : Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia /Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane

APBD : Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah/Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget AT : Approach Time

B3 : Bahan Beracun dan Berbahaya/Hazardous and Toxic Waste

Bappenas : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Ministry of National Development Planning

BIG : Badan Informasi Geospasial/Geospatial Information Agency BMAL : Baku Mutu Air Laut /Marine Water Quality Standard BOD5 : 5 days Biochemical Oxygen Demand

BPPT : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi/Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology

bph : barel per hari/barel per day

BPLHD : Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Daerah/Regional Environmental Agency BPJS : Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial/Social Insurance Administration Organization BPR : Bank Perkreditan Rakyat/People’s Credit Bank

BTS : Base Transceiver Stasion

BUMN : Badan Umum Milik Negara/Indonesia State-Owned Enterprises CAP : Chlor Alkali Plant

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand DAS : Daerah Aliran Sungai/Watershed DO : Dissolved Oxygen

DPN : Destinasi Pariwisata Nasional/National Tourism Destinations

DPRD : Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah/Regional House of People’s Representatives DPSIR : Driving forces-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses

DWT : Dead Weight Tonnage

EBTKE : Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi/New Renewable Energy and Energy

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Resources

ET/BT : Effective Time/Berth Time FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization

GRK : Gas Rumah Kaca/Greenhouse Gas Emissions GT : Gross Tonnage

HKI : Hak Kekayaan Intelektual/Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

HKIKKP : Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan/Intellectual Property Rights of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

IHK : Indeks Harga Konsumen/Consumer Price Index ISPS : International Ship and Port Facility Security IUU : Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated

Jamkesda : Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah/Regional Health Insurance Jamkesmas : Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat/Public Health Insurance Kehati : Keanekaragam Hayati/Biodiversity

KII : Kapal Ikan Indonesia/Indonesian Fishing Vessels KIA : Kapal Ikan Asing/Foreign Fishing Vessels

KKP : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan/Ministry of Marine and Fisheries

KLHK : Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan/Ministry of Environment and Forestry KP : Kapal Pengawasa/Surveillance Vessel

KPPN : Kawasan Pengembangan Pariwisata Nasional/National Tourism Development Zone KSPN : Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional/National Strategic Tourism Area

KUB : Kelompok Usaha Bersama/Joint Business Group KUD : Koperasi Unit Desa/Village Cooperation Unit

LIPI : Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia/Indonesian Institute of Sciences LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LPI : Logistics Performance Index MW : Mega Watt

NKRI : Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia/The Republic of Indonesia

NTNP : Nilai Tukar Nelayan dan Pembudidaya Ikan/Fisherman and Fish Farmers’ Terms of Trade

NTN : Nilai Tukar Nelayan/Fishermans’ Terms of Trade

NTPi : Nilai Tikar Pembudidaya Ikan/Fish Farmers’ Terms of Trade

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OTEC : Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

P2MKP : Pusat Pelatihan Mandiri Kelautan dan Perikanan/Independent Training Center of Marine and Fisheries

PAM : Perusahaan Air Minum/Water Company

PDAM : Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum/Regional Water Company PDB : Produk Domestik Bruto/Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

PEMP : Pemberdayan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir/Economic Empowerment of Coastal Communities

pH : potential of Hydrogen

PHP : Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan/Processing of Fisheries Products

PIHPS : Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis/Strategic Food Price Information Center PLN : Perusahaan Listrik Negara/State Electricity Company

PLTAL : Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut/Sea Flow Power Plant

PMDN : Proyek Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri/Domestic Investment Projects PML : Penanaman Modal Luar Negeri/Foreign Investment

PNPM : Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/National Program for Community Empowerment

PODES : Potensi Desa/Village Potential Statistics of Indonesia

POKMASWAS : Pembinaan Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas/Community Development Group Supervisor

PROPER : Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup/Corporate Performance Rating in Environmental Management

PSDKP : Pengawasan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan/Surveillance of Marine Resources and Fisheries

PUGAR : Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat/People’s Salt Empowerment Program RPPLH : Rencana Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup/Environmental Protection

and Management Plan

RTP/PP : Rumah Tangga/Perusahaan Perikanan/Capture Household/Fishing Company

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SUPM : Sekolah Umum Perikanan Menengah/Secondary Fishery Business Schools SUTET : Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi /Below Extra High Voltage TPA : Tempat Pembuangan Akhir/Landfill

TPID : Tim Pengendalian Inflasi Daerah/Regional Inflation Control Team TPS : Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara/Temporary Shelters Trash TVRI : Televisi Republik Indonesia/Indonesia’s Broadcasting Television Network TSS : Total Suspended Solids

UMR : Upah Minimum Regional/Regional Minimum Wage UNCLOS : United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNCSGN : United Nations Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names UNGEGN : United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names

WPPNRI : Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia/State Fisheries Management Territory of the Republic of Indonesia

WEF : The World Economic Forum

WMO : The World Meteorological Organization WT : Waiting Time

ZEE : Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif/Exclusive Economic Zone

https://www.bps.go.id

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TANDA-TANDA/SYMBOLS :

Data belum tersedia/Data not yet available : ...

Data tidak tersedia atau dapat diabaikan/Data not available or negligible : - Data kurang dari setengah satuan yang digunakan/

Data less than half of the unit used : 0

Data/angka sementara/Preliminary figures : x)

Data/angka sangat sementara/Very preliminary figures : xx)

Data/angka diperbaiki/Revised figures : r)

Data/angka perkiraan/Estimation figures : e)

Tidak Terdeteksi/Undetected : tt

Tidak Terpantau/Not Monitored : tp

SATUAN/UNITS :

Liter (untuk beras)/Litre (for rice) : 0,80 kg

Barrel : 158,99 liter = 1/6,2898 m3.

mscf : 1/35,3 m3.

Long ton : 1.016,50 kg.

Metric ton (m. ton) : 0,98421 long ton = 1.000 kg.

Hectare (Ha) : 10.000 m2

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https://www.bps.go.id

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1.1. Archipelagic Country

The Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) is geographically located around the equator, between 94°45’ to 141°01’ east longitude and 06°08’ north latitude to 11°05’ south latitude.

Three-quarters of the Indonesian territory is water, composed by approximately 3.351 million km

²

of marine (inland waters, islands, and territorial sea) and approximately 2.936 mil- lion km

²

of Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE) and continental shelf. NKRI has the longest coastline after Canada, which is 99,093 km (BIG, 2016a).

NKRI, as an archipelagic country, has about 1.919 million km

²

of land area with the largest number of islands in the world which is 17,504 islands. The islands consist of large, medium , small, and not entirely named island.

There are only about 16,056 islands have names and are registered by “Tim Nasional Pembakuan Nama Rupa Bumi” (BIG, 2017). From 2007 to 2012, the team has successfully verified 76.83 percent of the islands in Indonesia (Table 1.4).