يﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﻤﻴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو يﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ Bi
2Te
3قرﺪﻧﻼﻛ نﺎﻳﺰﻳﺰﻋ رﺎﺷﺎﻳ
2 و
؛1
ناﻮﺟ ﺮﻐﺻا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﮕﻴﺑ هﺎﻴﺳ
ﻳ
3ﻮﻠ
؛ ﺮﻓ ﻲﻧﺎﻫﺮﺑ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﻋ
3
هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد1
،مﻮﻠﻋ
،ﻚﻳﺰﻴﻓ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ه ﻲﻠﻴﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ،
ﻞﻴﺑدرا
هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد2
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻦﻳﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ يروآ ﻦﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻧ ،نﻼﺒﺳ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ يروآ ﻦﻓ
هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد3
،مﻮﻠﻋ
،يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻲﺿﺎﻳر هوﺮﮔ ﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ه ﻲﻠﻴﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ،
ﻞﻴﺑدرا
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳارﻮﻠﺗ تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ يﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﻤﻴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ س
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻜﻴﻤﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ار ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻲﻌﻗاو هدزﺎﺑ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻤﺘﻧاﻮﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻣا
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ و تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .دﺮﻛ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ار ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﻤﻴﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ هزاﺪﻧا و ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻲﻤﺘﻧاﻮﻛ رﺎﺘﻓر تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺪﻴﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ رﺎﺘﻓر
توﺎﻔ
ﻛ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﻤﺘﻧاﻮﻛ رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ نﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ زا ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻚﻳ رد ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﻤﻴﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ هراﺪﻧا و ﻲﻤﺘﻧاﻮ
ﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ يور ﺮﺑ يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رد .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ هﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا تﺎﻌﻄﻗ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا رد تارذ ﺪﻌﺑ و هزاﺪﻧا ﺶﻘﻧ و ﻚﻳﺮﺘ
.ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ هزاﺪﻧا و دﺎﻌﺑا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
Theoretical investigation of temperature dependent thermoelectric figure of merit in low dimensional semiconductor system of Bi
2Te
3Azizian-Kalandaragh, Yashar1; Javansiah-Bigdelu, Aliasghar2, Borhanifar, Abdollah
1Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil
2Department of Advanced Technologies, Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies, Namin
3 Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil
Abstract
In this paper, detailed calculations have been applied to low-dimensional semiconductor bismuth telluride materials in order to calculate size and temperature dependence ofthermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), based on density of states for quantum systems. While these calculations do not predict the actual efficiency of the device, they may serve as a guide to describe the quantum mechanical behavior of temperature and size dependent of these semiconductor nanostructures. The results of analyses indicate that the difference between various nanometer sizes and dimensions in semiconductor nanostructures of thermoelectric device originated from quantum confinement of charge carriers in quantum dimensions and limited nanometer sizes. In order to improve thermoelectric efficiency, the size and dimension will be optimized. The comparative study of thermoelectric device improvements revealed an important role of size and dimension of thermoelectric materials for the increased thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT).
PACS No.
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
هزﻮﺣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ داﻮﻣ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
يﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ 1821
- 1823
هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻚﺒﻴﺳ يﺎﻗآ رﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ددﺮﮕﻴﻣﺮﺑ [1]ﺖﺳا . يور ﺮﺑ يﺪﻳﺪﺟ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﺧا يﺎﻫ لﺎﺳ رد ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ
ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻢﻫ و يﺮﻈﻧ هزﻮﺣ رد ﻢﻫ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ تاﺮﺛا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ [2-6]
. ﺲﭘ و يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ رﻮﻬﻇ زا
ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ، ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هزاﺪﻧا رد ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻦﻳا هدزﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ناﻮﺗ هدزﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ياراد ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ، ﺪﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻛ ﻚﻳ
زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻛ [7-9]:
S ﻪﻛ ،ﻚﻴﺒﺳ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ، ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر
ﺪﺣاو رد) ﺎﻣدT
(ﻦﻳﻮﻠﻛ
،نوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر
ﻨﺘﺴﻫ نﻮﻧﻮﻓ .ﺪ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﻳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﻢﻴﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻻﺎﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻮﻣﺮﺗ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ،ﻻﺎﺑ
رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ دﺮﺑاﺮﺗ صاﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ داﻮﻣرد ﻚﺒﻴﺳ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛاﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ رد دﺮﺑاﺮﺗ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
داﻮﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺎﻌﺑا رد رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﮔﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ هﺪﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد.ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣﺮﻓ يژﺮﻧا ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺪﺣاو رد رد ﺎﻫ نﻮﻧﻮﻓ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛاﺮﭘ و ﻲﮔﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻞﺼﻓ
ز نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛ و ﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ يدﺎﻳ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻜﻫ و ﺪﻧا هدﺮﻛ ﻪﻳارا ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ داﻮﻣ رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ داﻮﻣ يرﻮﻠﺑ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ،ﻲﺼﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا: ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ مﺰﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ هزاﺪﻧا رد ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ يژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ و ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ فﺮﻃ زا ر
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ [10-18]
ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ .
ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ لﺎﺜﻣ ﺎﺑ يا هدﺎﺳ نﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳا تﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻳارا ﺖﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻳدﻮﻣﺮﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻧاﻮﻛ ﻚﻳﺰﻴﻓ و يرﺎﻣآ ﻚﻴﻣﺎﻨ
هدزﺎﺑ، ﺎﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رد يﺎﻫ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ
.ﺖﺳا ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ
و ود،ﻚﻳ هﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ
يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳا رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ يﺎﻫ
،1D
،2D هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻳارا 3D
ﻲﻣﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ.ﺖﺳا ﻲﻣﺮﻓ لاﺮﮕﺘﻧا ، رﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ياﺮﺑ كاﺮﻳد-
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ، ﺎﻫ نﻮﻴﻣﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا يﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ نﺎﻴﺑ،ﺪﻧا ﺖﺳا ﺮﻳز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜ
[20-
.24]
f ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ -
()ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ نﻮﻴﻣﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ كاﺮﻳد .
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
( )
،نوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺶﻠﻫاو نﺎﻣز
مﺮﺟ m
،نوﺮﺘﻜﻟا نﻮﻜﺳ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ نوﺮﺘﻜﻟا رﺎﺑe
KB ،
،
ﻦﻣﺰﺘﻟﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ EF
ﻲﻣﺮﻓ يژﺮﻧا
و
يژﺮﻧا فﺎﮔ ﺎﻳ ﻞﻛ يژﺮﻧاE
ﻪﻤﻴﻧ .ﺖﺳا ﺎﻧﺎﺳر
ﻧا ﺘ زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻣﺮﻓ لاﺮﮕ
زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ و
ﻂﺑاور ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ 2
و 5 ﻪﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر
ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮﻳز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ
دوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ار ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ناﻮﺘﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
دروآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮﻳز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻳ و يﺪﻌﺑ ود هﺪﺷ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ،ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧﺎﺳر ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
:زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫ
2D ،1D ) ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ دوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻚﺒﻴﺳ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ 3D ، ( :زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ
مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ :ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﻳز ترﻮﺻ
يﺮﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻴﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و يﺮﻈﻧ ﻂﺑاور ندروآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ زا ﺲﭘ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو و ﻚﺒﻴﺳ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ و ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ،قﻮﻓ ﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻧاﻮﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﺎﻣد و هزاﺪﻧا
يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رﻮ
ﻪﭼ ﺎﻣد و ﺪﻌﺑ ، هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا.ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻞﻜﺷ.دراد ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ يور ﺮﺑ يﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ 1
ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ار يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد هزﺎﺑ رد تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ ،300K
4550K .ﺪﻫﺪﻴﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻞﻜﺷ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ رد نﻮﮔ ﻲﻤﻬﺳ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﻣد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ، دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺰﻴﻧ يﺪﻌﺑ ود يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ درﻮﻣ رد.ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 - ار يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو
ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ هزﺎﺑ رد تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ
ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ،300K 4550K
رﻮﻠﺑ رد ﻢﻫ ﺮﺑ دﻮﻤﻋ يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳار رد ﺮﺛﻮﻣ مﺮﺟ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ
Bi2Te3
هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو صاﻮﺧ .ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻫ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻧاﻮﻛ يﺎﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻒﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ مﺮﭼ
( )
ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ
.دﻮﺑ درﻮﻣ رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ زا ﻚـﭼﻮﻛ
ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و
زا ﺮﺘﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ زا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﺖﺳا
ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﺷﻮﭙﻤﻫ ﻚـﻳ ﺎﻣد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
،
، يﺎـﻣد ﻚـﻳ رد
يﻻﺎﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ 1000K
قﺎﻔﺗا ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا. ﺪﺘﻓا ﻲﻣ
رد ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ، ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻧاﻮﻛ هﺎﭼ يﺪﻌﺑ ود يﺎﻫ زا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ترﺎﺒﻋ درﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 ﻢﻴـﺠﺣ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو
تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ يﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ياﺮﺑ ار يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ رد
ﻲﻳﺎـﻣد هزﺎ
300 K 1000K ﺎﺗ
مﻮـﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻜـﺷ زا ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ،ﺪﻫﺪﻴﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ
.ﺖﺳا
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 - ار يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو
هزﺎﺑ رد تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ يﺪﻌﺑ ود ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ،300K 4550K
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 - ﻢﻴﺠﺣ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو
يﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﻤﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد هزﺎﺑ رد تﻮﻤﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ
،300K 1000K
نﻮــﮔ ﻲﻤﻬــﺳ ﺖــﻟﺎﺣ ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻢــﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد و.ﺖـﺳا ﻲـﻄﺧ ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ يﺪـﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻢﻴﺠﺣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رﺎﺘﻓر،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻢﻛاﺮـﺗ زا .ﺪـﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ﻲﻄﺧ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو تاﺮـﺛا ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ يﺪـﻌﺑ ﻚـﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﺘﻧاﻮﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻲﻣﻮ
.ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻳﻮﻗ يﺪﻌﺑ ود يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ :يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
رد ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟاﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد هﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ تﻮﻤـﺴﻴﺑ ﺪﻳرﻮﻠﺗ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻲﻣﻮـﺘﻨﻟﻮﻛ تاﺮـﺛا ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻫد ﻲـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ،ﺖﺳا ﺑ ﻢﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻌ
ﺎــﻣد ﻪــﺑ ﻪﺘــﺴﺑاو ﺰــﻴﻧ رﺎــﺘﻓ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻢــﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﺪــﻌﺑ و هزاﺪــﻧا
يﺎـﻫ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺰﻴﻧ يا ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ.ﺖﺳا ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺶﺣﺎـﻓ توﺎـﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻛ و ﻢﻴﺠﺣ .ﺪﻫﺪﻴﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ و ﻲﻣﻮﺘﻨﺗاﻮﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
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