نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
نﺎﻴﻧاوﺪﻧز ﺪﻤﺣا ﻲﻨﻴﺋﺎﻧ
،1
دﺎﺑآ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺗوﺮﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
،2
ﻲﻬﻠﻟاﺮﻣا ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻣ 3
1 . و ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا دﺰﻳ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور
2 . هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد ﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ هزرﺎﺒﻣ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،
3 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
دﺰﻳ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناور ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ سﺎﻤﺗ : 09137746606
Email: [email protected]
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫدﺰﻴﺳ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : مﻮﺳ
رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ و دادﺮﻣ 1393
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
45
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
21 / 8 / 1391
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
16 / 12 / 1391 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ : ﺪﻟﻮﺗ كدﻮﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو تﺬﻟ روآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻘﺸﻣ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا . ﺪﻴﻣا
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ندﻮﺑ كدﻮﻛ
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا دﺎﻤﺘﻋا رد ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ و كدﻮﻛ دﻮﺧ ار ﻲﻣ
،ﺪﻧﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻟو ﻪﺑ
ﺾﺤﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﻠﻌﻣ زا ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
،دﻮﺧ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫﺪﻴﻣا ﻪﺑ سﺄﻳ لﺪﺒﻣ ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ و تﻼﻜﺸﻣ عوﺮﺷ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ .
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺠﻳار تﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻢﺸﺧ و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ ﻦﻳا
دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ رد لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور :
ﺖﺳا هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ ـ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ حﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ .
ﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ لﺎﺳ رد دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﺶﺷ
91 - 1390
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 35
راﺮﻗ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ود رد ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ردﺎﻣ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧا ) 18 و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ 17
هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ .(
ﺎﻫ هداد يروآدﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
،ﻢﺸﺧ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا دﺮﻜﻳور يرﺎﺘﻓر ـ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ
7 ﻪﺴﻠﺟ 2 يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ
هوﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا . هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ رﺎﻣآ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ) رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
نﻮﻣزآ و t
نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ يور ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ–
درﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ: ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ داد توﺎﻔﺗ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ) 05 /
<0 (p ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ و
ﺲﭘ زا نﻮﻣزآ رد ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣﺮﻳز و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ )
يﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد لﻼﺘﺧا (
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
رد ناﻮﺟ ناردﺎﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ
دراد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ ناردﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ندﻮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﻤﺛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ: ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رد ﻢﺸﺧ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا شزﻮﻣآ دﺮﻴﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاور رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﺘﺳار رد
.
هژاو ﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ي ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ :
،ناردﺎﻣ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ،ﻢﺸﺧ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا دﺰﻳ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ نﺎﺠﻴﻫ زا ﻲﻜﻳ يﺮﺛﺆﻣ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻤﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا ﻢﺸﺧ نﺎﺠﻴﻫ ،دراد .
نﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻢﺸﺧ
ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ زوﺮﺑ ناﺮﮕﻳد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺺﺨﺷ ﺶﻨﻛاو .
ﺖﻴﻧﺎﺒﺼﻋ ﺎﺗ رﺬﮔدوز ﻲﺘﺣارﺎﻧ و ﺶﺠﻧر ﻚﻳ زا ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ
ﺎﻣا ﺪﺑﺎﻳ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﺎﻴﻋ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ يا هﺪﻳﺪﭘ لﺎﺣﺮﻫ رد
نﺎﺠﻴﻫ و تﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ و و ﻲﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺳا ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻒﻃاﻮﻋ ﺖ
. ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻧورد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ
ﺎﻳ و ﻲﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧ سﺎﺴﺣا و ﺎﺠﺑﺎﻧ تﺎﻌﻗﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻳﺎﻘﻋ و رﺎﻜﻓا ،ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺘﻋا ﻲﺑ درﻮﻣ ،ﺖﻧﺎﻣا رد ﺖﻧﺎﻴﺧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو زوﺎﺠﺗ و ﻦﻴﻫﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ،ناﺮﮕﻳد ندﺮﻜﻧ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ )
1 .(
ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ زا ﺮﺗاﺮﻓ يرﺎﺛآ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ رد ﻒﻌﺿ و ﻲﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻲ
دراد يدﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ .
ﺪﻨﻣوﺮﻴﻧ نﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ رد
،دﻮﺸﻧ رﺎﻬﻣ ﻲﺘﺳرد ﻪﺑ ،داﺮﻓا ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ و ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ و ﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ )
2 .(
نورد ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻢﺸﺧ رﺎﺒﻧﺎﻳز رﺎﺛآ
ﺖﺳوا نوﺮﻴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﻢﻫ و ﺺﺨﺷ .
نوﺰﻓا ،ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ رد ﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻧ
ارﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ
نﺎﻴﻣ ﻂﺑاور و ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد لﻼﺘﺧا ،ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﺘﺣ
ﻲﭘرد ار ﻪﻧاﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﻓر رﺎﺒﻧﺎﻳز يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ ،يدﺮﻓ دراد ) 3 .(
ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺖﻴﻧﺎﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻲﻧاور صﺎﺧ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا .
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا ،ﻢﺸﺧ
لﻼﺘﺧا و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺎﻫ نﺎﻣرد و ﺖﺳا ﻖﻠﺧ
دراد راﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ )
4 .(
و ﻢﺸﺧ تﺎﻗوا ﻲﻫﺎﮔ و دراد ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳدﺰﻧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻢﺸﺧ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ) 5 .(
كودﺎﺳ و كودﺎﺳ ﻋا ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ار ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
لﺎﻤ
يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻧاد ﻲﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر و ﻖﻠﺧ ،ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻲﻧاور ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ و ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ شزﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و ناﺮﮕﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻂﺑاور هﺪﻧروآﺮﺑ ،هﺪﻧزﺎﺳ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ تﺎﻤﻳﻼﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ )
6 .(
ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ نورد رد ﻲﻧاور ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ )
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﻔﻳا ياﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎ
ﻲﻤﺴﺟ و ﻲﻧاور ،ﻲﻋﺎ (
يﺎﺟ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺐﻘﻋ ﺎﻳ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ دﻮﺒﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و دﺮﻴﮔ .
دراد يدﺎﻳز رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻳا رد )
7 .(
و ﻢﺸﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ناور ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ،ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ ناور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا
ﻲﻨﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ار
ﻲﻣ ﻨﻛ ﺪ ) 8 .( ﺲﻴﻟﺮﭘ ،تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ
ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧآ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ نﺎﻧز رد ﺖﻴﻧﺎﺒﺼﻋ )
9 .(
ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
ﺪﻟﻮﺗ كدﻮﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو تﺬﻟ روآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﭼﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
تﺎﻘﺸﻣ و ﻲﺘﺣارﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا . ﻲﻠﻋ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻢﻏر
يدﺎﻳز ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ دﻮﺧ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ
ﺖﻔﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﻣا ﻪﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ندﻮﺑ و ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ندﻮﺑ
،كدﻮﻛ
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ
سﺎﺴﺣا دﺎﻤﺘﻋا رد نﺎﻧآ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ و كدﻮﻛ دﻮﺧ ار
ﻲﻣ
،ﺪﻧﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻟو ﻪﺑ ﺾﺤﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو زا ﻌﻣ ــ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﻠ
،ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﻤﺗ ــ مﺎ ﺎﻫوزرآ ﻪﺑ سﺄﻳ ﻣ ــ لﺪﺒ ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ و ﻜﺸﻣ ـ تﻼ ﺷ ـ عوﺮ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻦﻴﻟوا ردﺎﻣ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ كدﻮﻛ
طﺎﺒﺗرا دراد . ﻲﺘﻗو ردﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ور ور ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻠﻋ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻲﻤﺋاد
و زﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ندﺮﻛ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
هﮋﻳو ﺪﺷر ﻦﻳا
نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ،سﺮﺘﺳا ،ﻢﺸﺧ
،ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻗ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ
،ﻲﻧﺎﺑز
قﺮﻘﺸﻗ و ...
ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ
،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ
دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻧاور
رد ناردﺎﻣ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا و ﻪﺑ هﮋﻳو ناردﺎﻣ
ياراد كدﻮﻛ ﻢﻛ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻫذ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ زا ناردﺎﻣ ياراد كدﻮﻛ
يدﺎﻋ ﺖﺳا ) 10 .(
ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ رﺎﺘﻓر و ﻢﺸﺧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ا ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ
كدﻮﻛ و ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ،داﺮﻓ
دراﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ و كدﻮﻛ ﺪﺷر رد يﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ) 11 .(
و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يا هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ هزﺎﺳ ﻢﺸﺧ
ناور ﻲﺗروﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ اﺬﻟ ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا رد نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺮﺸﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﺳآ و هﺎﻓر ياﺮﺑ
) 12 .(
ﺮﻈﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ
،ﺮﻟﺪﻨﻴﻓ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ هزوﺮﻣا دور ﻲﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ )
13 .(
ﺎﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
ـ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﻜﻳور ﺮﺑ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ هﺪﺷ ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧا هدﺮﻛ تردﺎﺒﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر .
زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﺖﺳا ﻮﻛاﻮﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر ـ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﻜﻳور ﺎﻫدﺮﻜﻳور ﻦﻳازا .
ﻪﺑ
سﺎﺳا ﻮﻛاﻮﻧ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ـ يرﺎﺘﻓر دﺮﻜﻳور رد ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺰﮕﻨﻴﻣﺎﻛﺮﻈﻧ
راﻮﺘﺳا ﻢﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺖﺳا . يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ و ﻢﺸﺧ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد شور ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ و دور ﻲﻣ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ـ يرﺎﺘﻓر
مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد يﻮﮕﻟا زا ﻪﻛ »
سﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يزﺎﺳ ﻦﻤﻳا «
يوﺮﻴﭘ
ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ . دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ،ﻢﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يزﺎﺳ ﻦﻤﻳا دﺮﻜﻳور فﺪﻫ حﺮﺷ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نﺪﻣآ رﺎﻨﻛ يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ندروآ
ﻒﻟا ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ (
ب هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺶﻴﭘ (
ج هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ (
ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا . فاﺪﻫا
ﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ نآ ﻲﻠﻛ زا ﺪ
: ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﻗاﻮﻣ رد ﻢﺸﺧ عﻮﻗو زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ
ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ،ﺖﺳا رﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺎﻧ
يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ندروآ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ و ﺪﻨﻛ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ
ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ يزﺎﺳ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ياﺮﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .
دﺮﻜﻳور ﻦﻳا
دراد ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد :
1 ( ﺎﻨﺷ يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ
،ﻲﺘﺧ 2 (
،ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ 3
( ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﻦﺘﺴﺑ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ هﻮﺤﻧ شزﻮﻣآ )
1 .(
شزﻮﻣآ موﺰﻟ ،ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد ﻢﺸﺧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ و ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ رﺎﻜﺷآ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ .
ﻦﻳا شزﻮﻣآ
ﻦﻳﺮﻓآ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ و ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻬﺷور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و كدﻮﻛ ار ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو رد ﻢﺸﺧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ياﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ .ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ شزﻮﻣآ
و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ترﺎﻬﻣ
ﻲﮔﺪﻧز يﺎﻫ
، ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﻲﻧاور دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ و ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ياراد نﺎﻧز )
15
، 14 .(
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
) 14
، 3 (
،
ناردﺎﻣ رد ﻢﺸﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ) 21 - 16 .(
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ رد ﻢﺸﺧ )
37 - 22 .(
ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
صﻮﺼﺧرد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺐﻟﺎﻄ
ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ رد لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﺳر ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ءﺰﺟ ﺎﻫ هداد يروآدﺮﮔ هﻮﺤﻧ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا
ﭘ حﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺖﺳا هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ ـ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴ
.
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
لﺎﺳ رد دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ 91
- 1390 ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 35
ﺖﺳا ردﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ سراﺪﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ زا ﻪﻛ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا يزور )
ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ
نﺎﻴﻟﻮﺳر ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا سﺮﺘﺳد رد ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هاﻮﮔ و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ود رد ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ )
18 هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ
و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ 17
هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ .(
لوا هوﺮﮔ رد )
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ (
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ )
ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ (
ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا .
مود هوﺮﮔ رد
) هاﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ (
ﺶﻴﭘ ،هوﺮﮔ ود ﺮﻫ رد ،ﺪﺸﻧ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
آ رد اﺮﺟا ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ و نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﻣ
. رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ
)
(GHQ
.(General Health Questionnaire ) هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺖﺳا . ﻚﻳ رد دﺮﻓ ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا تﻻاﺆﺳ تﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا و رﺎﻜﻓا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و دزادﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺧا ﻪﻫﺎﻣ
ﺒﻨﺟ و رﺎﺠﻨﻬﺑﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﺎﺘﻓر زا ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪ
. ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻪﻣادا رد و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ عوﺮﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﻻاﺆﺳ
ﻪﺋارا ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ ار ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناور ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﻻاﺆﺳ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ . ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 28
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ رﺎﻬﭼ زا ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻟاﺆﺳ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ياراد ماﺪﻛﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ
7 ﺖﺳا لاﺆﺳ .
ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
لاﺆﺳ 1 ﺎﺗ 7 لاﺆﺳ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 8
ﺎﺗ
14 لاﺆﺳ ،ﻲﺑاﻮﺧ ﻲﺑ و باﺮﻄﺿا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 15
ﺎﺗ 21
لاﺆﺳ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد لﻼﺘﺧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
22 ﺎﺗ 28
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
. يﻮﻘﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ
ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳاور
هدﺮﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻲﻳاور شور ﻪﺳ زا ﻪ
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ دﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ياﺮﺟا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻲﻳاور ﺲﻜﺴﻟﺪﻴﻣ (M. H. Q)
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا 55
/ 0
دﻮﺑ نآ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ هدﺮﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ .
ﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ
ﻦﻳا يﺎﻬ
ﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ و ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﺪﺣرد ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳ 72
/ 0 ﺎﺗ 87 / 0
دﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ) 38 ( شور زا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ يﻮﻘﺗ
دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻧورد تﺎﺒﺛ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
90 / 0 ﻲﺑ و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ياﺮﺑ و
ا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻲﻳﺎﺳرﺎﻧ ،ﻲﺑاﻮﺧ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ
76 / 0 ،
84 / 0 ، 61 / 0 و 88 / 0 دﻮﺑ ) 38 .(
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ زآ ﻮﻣ GHQ-28ن زا
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ آ ﺎﻔﻟ ي ﺮﻛ و ﺎﺒﻧ خ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ . آ ﺎﻔﻟ ي ﺮﻛ و ﺎﺒﻧ خ ﻞﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
،
ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ
، ا ﺮﻄﺿ با و ﻮﺨﻴﺑ ا ﻲﺑ
، ا ﻼﺘﺧ ل ﺎﻛ ر ﺮﻛ د ا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ و
ا ﺮﺴﻓ د ﻲﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 94 / 0 و 87 / 0
، 90 / 0
، 88 / 0 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ورد ﻲﻧ و ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺮﻫ
ﺆﺳ لا ﺎﺑ ﻞﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ا ﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳ ي ﺆﺳ لا 16 ) زا ﺎﻴﻘﻣ س ﺎﻛ ر ﺮﻛ د ا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ( رد ، ﻪﻴﻘﺑ
آ ﺎﻔﻟ ي ﻦﻴﺑ 51 / 0 ) ﺆﺳ لا 5 ( ﺎﺗ 86 / 0 ) ﺆﺳ لا 23 ( ﻪﺑ د ﺖﺳ آ ﺪﻣ ) 39 .(
اور ﻲﻳ ﻼﻣ ك و ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ زآ ﻮﻣ ن ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ نآ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻼﻣ ك ) ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺮﺑ ا ﺎﺳ س ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ اور ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧ ( ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻛ ﺮﺑ ا ﺮﺑ 781 / 0 ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و رد ﺢﻄﺳ 001 / 0 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد ا ﺖﺳ ) 39 .(
هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ رﺎﻣآ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ) و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا (
نﻮﻣزآ و ﺶﻴﭘ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ يور ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ t
نﻮﻣزآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ– درﻮﻣ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﻮﺤﻣ تﺎﺴﻠﺟ
تﺎﺴﻠﺟ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫرﻮﺤﻣ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ
لوا ﻪﺴﻠﺟ مود ﻪﺴﻠﺟ مﻮﺳ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ
نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ
تارﺮﻘﻣ و تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا نﺎﻴﺑ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ و ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ يﺎﻫ هار و ﻢﺸﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ نﺎﻴﺑ نآ مﺎﮕﻨﻫدوز ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ مارآ يﺎﻫ هﻮﻴﺷ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻦﺘﺸﻳﻮﺧ يزﺎﺳ
ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ
ﻢﺸﺷ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا ﺲﭘ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﻮﮔدﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ زاﺮﺑا يﺎﻫ هﻮﻴﺷ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻧارﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ شزﻮﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ حﺮﻃ
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ود
هوﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ و
هاﻮﮔ ﻞﺒﻗ زا عوﺮﺷ
،شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ار ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ . ﺮﻫ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ
1 ﻪﺴﻠﺟ و ﺮﻫ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ 2 هوﺮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ
ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا .
ﺲﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ زا
مﺎﻤﺗا شزﻮﻣآ رد هوﺮﮔ
،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
رﻮﻛﺬﻣ
ًادﺪﺠﻣ يور ﺮﻫ ود هوﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ و هاﻮﮔ اﺮﺟا ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد 35
ﺮﻔﻧ ) 18 و ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ 17
هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻔﻧ
هاﻮﮔ (
نﺎﻧآ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ناردﺎﻣ زا
34 دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ .
ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻢﻠﭙﻳد ﺮﻳز تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ياراد ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد 2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﻪﻛ لوﺪﺟ 3 ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ
ﻦ ﻲﻠﻛ
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ يﺎﻨﺜﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ نآ يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز مﺎﻤﺗ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رﺎﻛ رد لﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ رد ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛ
رد ﺲﭘ نﻮﻣزآ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ نﻮﻣزآ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ هدﺮﻛ يﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ
،ﺖﺳا رد
ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ
يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز هﺮﻤﻧ و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ
هوﺮﮔ رد نآ هاﻮﮔ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ
.ﺖﺳا ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ درﻮﻣ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣt
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ 97
/ 2 - ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا 006
/ 0 رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺳا . رد
ناﺰﻴﻣ ،باﺮﻄﺿا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ درﻮﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣt
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
06 / 3 - ﺖﺳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ 004
/ 0 ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
د هدﺮﺧ درﻮﻣ ر
ا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رد لﻼﺘﺧ
،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ t ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
52 / 1 - ﺖﺳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ 05
/ 0 ﺖﺴﻴﻧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
لوﺪﺟ 2 : يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ
يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ
ﺪﺻرد
ﻦﺳ
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ ( 11
1
/ 61
35 =
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ ( 7 9
/ 38
تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ داﺪﻌﺗ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻢﻠﭙﻳد ﺮﻳز
ﻢﻠﭙﻳد ﻢﻠﭙﻳد قﻮﻓ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ
ﻚﻳ
ود 12
4
1
1
17
1 7
/ 66
3 / 22
5 / 5
5 / 5
5 / 94
5 / 5
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ درﻮﻣ رد ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣt
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 48 / 2 - ﺖﺳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ 018
/ 0 ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ درﻮﻣ رد
ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ناور هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣt
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ 28 / 3 - ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛﺖﺳا 003
/ 0
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣﺮﻳز هﺮﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ناردﺎﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ
نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ تﺎﺴﻠﺟ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )
05 /
<0 (p ﻲﻟو
رد لﻼﺘﺧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ رد ﺪﻣﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ )
05 /
>0 .(p
لوﺪﺟ 3 : سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ و نآ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ هوﺮﮔ ود رد
ﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ فاﺮ
نﻮﻣزآ t يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ
ﻪﻨﻣادود
ﻢﺋﻼﻋ
ﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻲ
باﺮﻄﺿا
و ﻲﺑاﻮﺨﻴﺑ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ 18
8 48 / 4 71 / 4 49 / 2 28 / 3 - 93 / 3 97 / 2 - 006 / 0
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ 18
38 / 7 13 / 4 5 14 / 3 38 / 2 - 01 / 3 06 / 3 - 004 / 0
هاﻮﮔ 17
76 / 6 88 / 3 94 / 4 71 / 3 17 / 0 74 / 1
هاﻮﮔ 17
17 / 7 20 / 3 10 / 7 54 / 3 07 / 0 - 27 / 2
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ لﻼﺘﺧا 18
90 / 6 68 / 3 38 / 5 08 / 3 51 / 1 - 42 / 2 52 / 1 - 137 / 0
هاﻮﮔ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد 17
29 / 7 68 / 2 7 / 16 86 / 3 12 / 0 - 97 / 2
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا 18
48 / 6 03 / 5 50 / 3 66 / 2 98 / 2 - 02 / 4 48 / 2 - 018 / 0
هاﻮﮔ
17 42 / 3 98 / 3 64 / 3 62 / 2 21 / 0 - 58 / 3
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ 18
78 / 28 92 / 14 60 / 18 70 / 9 17 / 10 - 83 / 11 28 / 3 - 003 / 0
ناور ﻲﻠﻛ هاﻮﮔ 17 66 / 24 46 / 10 85 / 24 66 / 8 196 / 14 / 6
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ 4
ﻢﻳﻼﻋ درﻮﻣ رد دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣt
53 / 2 - ﺖﺳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ
023 / 0 ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا تاﺮﻤﻧ درﻮﻣ رد t
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ 11
/ 3 - ﺖﺳا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ 010
/ 0 ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
زا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻨﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ظﺎﺤﻟ ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ )
05 /
<0 .(p ﺮﺛا ظﺎﺤﻟ زا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻨﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﻲﺸﺨﺑ
لﻼﺘﺧا ،باﺮﻄﺿا تاﺮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ
ﻪﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد ﺪﻣﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳد )
05 /
>0 .(p ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ،ﺮﮕﻳد نﺎﻴﺑ
ناﻮﺟ ناردﺎﻣ )
ﺮﻳز هوﺮﮔ 35
لﺎﺳ ( ناردﺎﻣ هوﺮﮔ شزﻮﻣآ زا ﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣ
لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ ) 35 ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و لﺎﺳ (
ﺳا ﺖ .
لوﺪﺟ 4 : ردﺎﻣ ﻦﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ نآ يﺎﻬﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز و ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ هﺮﻤﻧ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ و رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ هوﺮﮔ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ
نﻮﻣزآ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا t
ﻪﻨﻣاد ود يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ
53 / 2 - 023
/ 0
83 / 1 - 085 / 0
43 / 0 - 66 / 0
11 / 3 - 010 / 0
10 / 2 - 024
/ 0
25 / 4
91 / 1
13 / 3
19 / 2
88 / 2
61 / 1
41 / 4
76 / 0
10 / 13
95 / 4
73 / 4 -
1 -
36 / 3 -
85 / 0
72 / 1 -
19 / 1 -
63 / 4 -
40 / 0 -
45 / 14 -
45 / 3 -
11
7
11
7
11
7
11
7
11
7
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ (
35 =
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ (
35 =
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ (
35
=
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ (
35 =
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
<35 ) ناﻮﺟ (
35 =
> ﺎﻳ ) لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ (
ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ و باﺮﻄﺿا
ﻲﺑاﻮﺧ ﻲﺑ
رد لﻼﺘﺧا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ ناور
يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ :
شزﻮﻣآ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺰﻴﻧ و ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﺸﺧ
و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ يﺎﻫ سﺎﻴﻘﻣﺮﻳز مﺎﻤﺗ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﻲﺑاﻮﺧ ﻲﺑ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا وﮋﭘ
. يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫ ﻫ و ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺣ
نارﺎﻜﻤ ) 40 (
، ،ﻲﻗﺎﻘﺷ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳ و يرﺎﺒﻳﻮﺟﻮﻛﺎﻛ )
14 (
، ﻲﻫﻮﻜﻣﺮﺑ يﺮﻴﻣا 41)
(
، ﻲﺤﺒﺻ
ﻲﺒﺟر و ﺎﻴﻜﻠﻣارﺎﻗ 42)
( يدﺰﻳا و ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻫ ،يزﺮﻣاﺮﻓ و )
15 ( ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ،
ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز يﺎﻫ
و شزﻮﻣآ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ يﺎﻫ
،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ
،دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧاور رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا يﺎﻬﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺪﻳﻮﻧ
) 2 (
، يﺪﻳﻮﻧ ) 12 ( ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ
ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد لﻼﺘﺧا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
،دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ داﺮﻓا يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ترﺎﻬﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ
.
ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ رد ﻪﻛ
ﻢﺸﺧ و ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ سﺎﺴﺣا
دﺮﻓ و ؛دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ نﺪﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻧردآرﻮﻧ و ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻧردآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ نﻮﺧ لوﺮﺘﺴﻠﻛ و نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ دﺎﻳدزا ،باﺮﻄﺿا رﺎﭼد ﻪﻤﻫ و دﻮﺷ
ﻲﺒﻠﻗ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ دﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻳا )
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ( دﻮﺷ . ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻢﺸﺧ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻦﻜﻤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ زا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺖﺳا . دزﺎﺳ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ار ﻲﻌﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻊﻓد ار يﺮﻄﺧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﻧ ﻢﺸﺧ زاﺮﺑا ﺮﮔا نآ رد ،ﺪﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑ دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ار ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﻧ ﺮﮔا ﺎﻳ
ﻦﻜﻤﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺪﻨﻛ ﺲﺣ هﺎﻨﭘ ﻲﺑ و ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ار دﻮﺧ ،دﺮﻓ ﺖﺳا
. ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ
نآ ﻊﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ و ﻢﺸﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻪﺑ و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،باﺮﻄﺿا دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ دﺮﻓ ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃ .
دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد لﻼﺘﺧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ،ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻣا
ﻧ يﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﻼﺟ
) 43 ( ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ
دراد . ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﺒﺒﺗ رد ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا حﺮﻃ
يﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ رد ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ هﺪﺸﻧ و ﺖﺳا رد نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ نﻮﭼ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ شزﻮﻣآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ تﺪﻣ رد ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ رد لﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ )
ﻚﻳ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ (
دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺪﻳﺎﺷ و ﺖﺴﻴﻧ سﻮﺴﺤﻣ
ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﺴﻠﺟ رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ داﺮﻓا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ناﻮﺟ ناردﺎﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ لﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣ ناردﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﺒﺒﺗ رد ،دراد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا ،ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ رد يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻔﮔ .
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآ دوﺪﺤﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ دزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ .
ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ
،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا
يروﺮﺿ ﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ي
ﺖﺳا . دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﺗ ﻊﻴﺳو ﻲﺤﻄﺳرد
و دﻮﺷ رد ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
،دﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ياراد ناردﺎﻣ لﻮﻠﻌﻣ
دﻮﺷ هداد شزﻮﻣآ .
References
1- Hashemian F, SHafieabadi AE. Soudani M. Effect of anger control skills trAining on individual-social adjustment of first-grade femal secondary education students in mahshahr. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology 2008; 10(35-36): 1-14. [Persian]
2- Navidi A, Borjali A. Effects of an anger management training on anger self-regulation skill among high school boys. Psychological Research 2008; 10 (20): 58-81. [Persian]
3- Navidi A. The efficacy of anger management training on general health. Journal of Psychology 2009; 12 (48): 414-28. [Persian]
4- Ethan E, Gorenstein Felice A, Tager Peter A, Shapiro Catherine M, Richard P. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Reduction of Persistent Anger. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2007; 41: 168–184.
5- Shokoohi Yekta M, Zamani N, Ahmadi A. Anger in mothers of children with disabilities: effects of occupation an level of education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011; 15: 712–16.
6- Purafkary N. Synopsys of psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences- Clinical Psychiatry. Saduck BJ, Saduck VA. 2 ed.
Tehran: Shahrab Publication ;2003: 24. [Persian]
7- Ganji H. Mental Health. 8 ed. Tehran: Arasbaran publication; 2007:9-10. [Persian]
8- Khodayarifard M, GHolamali lavasani M, Akbari Zardkhaneh S , Liaghat S. Psychometric properties of spielbergers state–trait anger expression inventtory–2 among of Iranian students. Ournal of rehabilitation 2010;
11 (41): 47-56. [Persian]
9- Perlis RH, Smoller JW, Fava M, Rosenbaum J F, Nierenberg AA, Sachs G. The prevalence and clinical correlates of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 2004;
79 (1): 291- 5
10- Narimani M, Agha Mohammaadian HR, Rajabi S. A comparison between the mental health of mothers of exceptional children and mothers of normal children. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2007; 9(33-34): 15-24. [Persian]
11-Shokoohi Yekta M, Parand A, Zamani N. Anger management instruction for mothers: a cognitive behavioural approach. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1371–75.
12- Navidi A. The effect of anger management training on adjustment, self-regulation, and public health skill of high School male students in Tehran. [PhD thesis]. Faculty of Psychology and Education.
Allameh Tabataba’i University of Tehran. 2006. [Persian]
13- Navidi A. The efficacy of anger management training on adjustment skills of highs chool male students in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 2009; 14 (55): 394-403. [Persian]
14- SHaghaghi F, Kakoo Jooybari AA, Salami F. The effect of family training on the mental health of educable mentally retarded children’s parents. JournalL of Behavioral Sciences 2010; 2(4):57-6. [Persian]
15- Faramarzi S, Homaie R, Izadi R. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral Group training of life skills on mental health of women with Handicapped spouses. Social Welfare 2011; 11(40):217-35. [Persian]
16- Aboui Mehrizi M, Tahmassian K, KHosh Konesh A. the impact of anger management training on anger selef-regulation skills and parent- adolescent conflicts in female adolescents of junior high (guidance) schools in tehran. Journal of Family Research 2010; 6(23):393-404. [Persian]
17- Baghaie Lakeh M, Khalatbari J. Efficacy of anger management teaching on anger selef-regulation and impulsivity in mothers of elementary school boy students in Rasht. Holistic Nursing and Midwifery (the Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Faculties Guilan MedicalL University) 2010; 20(63): 1-9. [Persian]
18- Shokoohi-Yekta M, Parand A, Zamani N. Anger management instruction for mothers: a cognitive behavioural approach. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1371–75
19-Shokoohi–Yekta M, Behpajooh A,Ghobari- Bonab B, Zamani N, Parand A. Instructing Anger management skills for mothers of mentally retarded children: effects on mother-child relationship. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1438 –41.
20-Shokoohi Yekta M, Zamani N, Parand A. Efficacy of anger management training based on cognitive- behavioral approach on mothers of children with mental retardation: 1-year follow-up. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 1142–48 21- Fetsch R J, Schultz C J, Wahler J J. A preliminary evaluation of the Colorado rethink parenting and anger
management program. Child Abuse & Neglect 1999; 23: 353-60.
22- Dortaj F, Masaebi A E, Asadzadeh H. the effect of anger management training on aggression and social adjustment of 12-15 years old male students. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010; 3 (12): 62-72. [Persian]
ina rationalemotional Behavioral style. Journal of Psychology 2002; 6 (21): 52-62. [Persian]
24- Kazemeini T, GHanbari Hashemabadi B A, Modares GHaravi M, Smaeilizadeh M. the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior group therapy (CBGT) in reduction of driving anger and aggression. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2011; 3 (10): 1-11. [Persian]
25- Maleki S,Fallahi KHoshknab M ,Rahgool A, Rahgozar M. THe effect of anger management training in groups on aggression of 12-15 years old male students. Iran Journal of Nursing 2011; 24(69): 26-35. [Persian]
26- Deffenbacher J L, Filetti L B, Lynch R S, Dahlen E R, Oeting, E R. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of high anger drivers. Behav Res Ther 2002; (40): 895-910.
27- Hagiliassis N,Gulbenkoglu H, Marco MD, Young S, Hudson A. The anger management project: A group intervention for anger in people with physical and multiple disabilities. Psychology Advisor 2005; 30 (2): 86 – 96.
28- Jankowski S. The effectiveness of anger management group therapy in the treatment of chemically dependent patients, Psy D, Dissertation, The Wright Institute. 2005.
29- Sukhodolsky D G, Golub A, Stone E C, Orban L. Dismantling anger control training for children: A randomized pilot study of social problem-solving versus social skills training components. Behaviour Therapy 2005; 36: 15-23.
30- Stillman AM. The effect of anger management and communicatio training on functional and quality-of-life status in fibromyalgia patients. Ph.D, Dissertation, Utah State University. 2005.
31- Taylor J L, Novaco RW, Gillmer B, Thorne I. Cognitive – beahavioural treatment of anger intensity among offenders with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2002; 15 (2): 151 –65.
32- Tang, M. Clinical outcome and client satisfaction of an anger management group program. Can J Occup Ther 2001; 68 (4): 228 –36.
33- Freiden J. Game: A clinical intervention to reduce adolescent violence in schools. Ed.D, Dissertation, The University Of Memphis. 2005.
34- Chan H Y, Lu R B, Tseng C L, Chou K R. Effectiveness of the anger- control program in reducing anger expression in patients with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2003; 17: 88-95
35- Asli T, Mitrani A. Outcome of anger management training program in a sample of undergraduate students.
Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5: 339–44.
36- Thomas F, Denson Miriam M, Capper Oaten M, Friese M, Timothy P.schofield. Self-control training decreases aggression in response to provocation in aggressive individuals. Journal of Research in Personality 2011; 45: 252–6.
37- Son JY, Choi Y J. The Effect of an Anger Management Program for Family Members of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2010; 24(1): 38–45.
38- Taghavi MR. Validity and reliability of the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) in college students of Shiraz university. Journal of Psychology 2002; 5 (20): 381-98. [Persian]
39- Ebrahimi A, Moulavi H, Mousavi SGH, Bornamanesh AR, Yaghoubi M. Psychometric properties and factor structure of general health questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) in Iranian PsychiIatric Patients. Journal of Resarch in Behavioural Sciences 2007; 5 (9): 5-12. [Persian]
40- Haghighi J, Mousavi M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Beshlideh K. The effectc of life skills training on mental health and self- esteem of female first grade high school students in Ilam. Journal of Education and Psychology 2009; 13(1):61-78. [Persian]
41- Amiri Baramkouhi A. Training life skills for decreasing depression. Developmental Psychology 2009;
5(20):297-306. [Persian]
42- Sobhi Gharamalekia N, Rajabi S. Efficacy of life skills training on increase of mental health and selfe
steem of the students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010;5:1818–22.
43- Jalali M, Pourahmadi E, Tahmasian K, SHaeiri MR. The effectiventess of the triplep-positive parenting program on psychologycalL well beingof mothers of children with opposittional defiant disorder (ODD).
Ournal of Family Research 2009; 4(16):353-68. [Persian]
Efficacy of Anger Management Training on increasing Mental Health of Disabled Children
Mothers
ZandvanianNaeini A(Ph.D)1,Morowatisharifabad MA(Ph.D)2,Amrollahi M(MA)3
1. Assistant Professor , Department of Education and psychology ,Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2. Associate Professor, Department of Disease Control,,Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3.Corresponding Author: MA student in Psychology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The child's birth is apleasure for parents, although this process is associated with a lot of hardship. Hope for child health develops a sense of confidence in parents and they heartily accept their child but as soon as they become aware of their child's disability, all hope turns to despair and hence trouble starts. Stress, depression and anger are common emotions that parents then experience.
The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anger management training on the mental health of mothers of the disabled children in the city of Yazd.
Methods: This is anexperimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The population of this study included all the mothers of the disabled children being covered in Yazd city from 2011 to 2012.
Sample of this study consisted of 35 mothers randomlyassigned into two groups(18 to experimental and 17 to control group). Mental health questionnaire was used to collect data.The anger management training program based on cognitive-behavioral approach was implemented for the experimental group in seven sessions, 2 hours each. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical parameters (mean and SD) and independent t-test on the difference between the scores of pre-test - post-test.
Results: Results showed that Anger management training with a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test scores leads to mental health and subscale physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, as well as depression (with the exception of societal dysfunction). Also, anger management training reduced the physical symptoms and depression in young mothers compared to the aged.
Conclusion: With regard to the effective use of anger management training program to increase mental health, thetrainingprogramshouldbe directedtoward reducingstress.
Keywords: Anger management training, Mental health of mothers, Disabled children
