ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﭘ ﺮ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ اﺮﺷ و
ﯾ آﺮﻓ ﻂ ﯾ ﻃ مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨ ﯽ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺣا
1ي ﺪﻟاﺮﺨﻓ ، ﯾ ﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻦ
2ﯽ ﺮﻫﻮﮔ فﺮﺷا ،*
ي ﺑدرا ﯿﻠ
3ﯽ ﻧﺎﺟﺎﻗآ ﺲﺟﺮﻧ ،
4ﯽ
1 - ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﯽ ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺪﺷرا ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
2 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
3 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
4 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾﺎ ﺖﻓ : 26 / 09 / 1401
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 26 / 01 / 1402
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي
،دﺪﺠﻣ ،لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ شﺮﺑ
،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ،زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.135.21
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1402.20.135.3.9
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز و تﺪﺷ ﯿ
آﺮﻓ زا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ ﮕﺑآ تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿﺮ
ي رد زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ بﺬﺟ و توﺎﻔﺘﻣ
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دﻮﺷ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ي
ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻬﻣ ﻤ ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﯿ
ﺪﻫد راﺮﻗ ﺮ .
رد
اﯾ ﭘ ﺮﺛا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ )
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ رد و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تﺪﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ (
و
زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ )
20 ، 30 و 40 ﺪﺻرد ( ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد و هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻃ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي
ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ زا زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ 20
ﻪﺑ 40 بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﺻرد
شﺮﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﺑآ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿﺮ
ي زا هﺪﺷ 94 / 7 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 29
/ 16 اﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ
) 05 / 0
<
(P اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ؛ ﯾ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ 150
ا راﺪﻘﻣ تاو ﯾ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺖﻓﺎ .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ زا زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ل
20 ﻪﺑ 40 ﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶ ي
،لﻮﻠﺤﻣ
شﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد و نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
زا ﺐ 17 / 5 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 58
/ 10
زا و ﺪﺻرد 11
/ 13 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 14
/ 27 اﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﺎﺑ
ﻧ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﺰ ﻫ
اﺰﻓا ﺎ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 / 0
<
.(P اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﮕﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮏﺸﺧ زا هﺪﺷ 9 / 169 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 2
/ 186 اﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺶ
ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ﺎﻣا ﺖﻓﺎ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﺖﺷاد سﻮﮑﻌﻣ ﺮ ﯾ
ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﮕﺑآ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯿﺮ
ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ زا ﺎﻫ
5 / 181 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 9
/ 168 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺖﻓﺎ . رد لﺎﻤﻋا ،عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 150
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ،تاو ﯿ
اﺰﻓا و ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻞ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ﺶ ﯿﺮ
ي
آﺮﻓ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ،دﺪﺠﻣ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي شﺮﺑ زا ﺎﻫ ي وﺎﺣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ي
40 ﺪﺻرد
ﺻﻮﺗ ،زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻪ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﺸ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
راﺪﻬﮕﻧ رد ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ، ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ندﺮﮐ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯿ
اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي دﺪﻌﺗ و ﺪﺷر
ﻣﯿ ﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑ ﯿ ﻢﺴ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ دﺎﺴﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ
] 1 [ . ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆﻣ زا ﯾ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و ﻦ ﺮﺗ
ﯾ شور ﻦ اﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ
رﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ي ﻣ ﯿ هﻮ ﺰﺒﺳ و ﺎﻫ ي بآ ،ﺎﻫ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا
1ي ﺖﺳا . اﯾ ﻦ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ اﺬﻏ زا بآ ي
ار
ﺮﺴﺗ ﯾ ﻘﺘﻧا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻊ ﻤﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ لﺎ
ﯽ ﺪﻨﻗ زا ﯾ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮏﻤﻧ ﺎ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ي
اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺘﻧرد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﻪﺠ ﯾ ﮏ
ﺘﭙﻟﻮﻧﺎﮔرا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯿ
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﺑ و ﮏ ﯿ
دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ تﺎ ي
ا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯾ دﺎﺠ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 2 [ . ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ،يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ حﻼﺻا ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا لﺎﺳ ﯽﻃ رد ار ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ،يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺑ ،ﺮﯿﺧا زا ﺶﯿ
ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﺐﻠﺟ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ .
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ يﺰﻤﺳا يﺮﯿﮕﺑآ زا
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻂﺳاو ﺪﺣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺑ ﯽﺗﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﻦﯾا زا ﺎﯾ و دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺶﯿﭘ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺎﯾ ندﺮﮐ
] 3 , 4 [.
ﺎﮐ ﮕﺑآ دﺮﺑر ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﻪﺑ ﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ آﺮﻓ رد رﺎﻤ ﯾ
ﺪﻨ
ﮏﺸﺧ آﺮﻓ ﺮﺑ نآ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ تاﺮﺛا رﺎﻨﮐ رد ،ندﺮﮐ ﯾ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﻨ ﯿ
ﻦ
وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻟﻮﺗ هدروآﺮﻓ ﯿ
ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﺪ ي
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
نﺎﻣز و مﺮﺟ لدﺎﺒﺗ ﺮﺑ
ي دوﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ،نآ ﯾ
ﺖﺳا وﺮﺑور ﺖ ]
5 [ .ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
ﻠﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﯽ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽ ا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ
دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻦ ﯾ ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺖ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ي ﻤﮑﺗ ﯿﻠ ﯽ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﺳا 2
. هﺎﮕﺘﺳد
ا ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﺪﺷ جاﻮﻣا دﺎﺠ ﯾ
رﺎﺸﻓ ﺪ ي رد ﯾ ﺤﻣ ﮏ ﯿ ﺎﻣ ﻂ ﯾ رﺎﮐ ﻊ
ﻣ ﯽ ﮐ ﺪﻨ . رﺎﺸﻓ جاﻮﻣا ي
ﺮﺟ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺎﻣ رد نﺎ ﯾ ﺖﺤﺗ و هﺪﺷ ﻊ
اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﮑﺸﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂ ﯿ
ﺮﺳ ﻞ ﯾ ﻣ ﻊ ﯿ ﻣ بﺎﺒﺣوﺮﮑ ﯽ
ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
و ﺪﺷر ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ا نﺪﺷ ﯾ بﺎﺒﺣ ﻦ ﺳر ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﻪﺑ نﺪ ﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﯿ ﺸ ﯿ و ﻪﻨ
ﺎﻬﻧرد ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺖ ﯿ نآ نﺪ ﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﯿﯿ
ﺤﻄﺳ تاﺮ ﯽ ﻣﺎﺴﺟا رد ﯽ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ نآ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﻣ ،ﺪﻧا
ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ا ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﺪﭘ ﻦ ﯾ وﺎﮐ هﺪ ﯾ ﺳﺎﺘ ﯿﻮ ن
) بﺎﺒﺣ از ﯾ ﯽ ﯾ هﺮﻔﺣ ﺎ از ﯾ ﯽ ( ﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . بﺎﺒﺣ رﺎﺠﻔﻧا ﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﺪ
1. Osmotic drying 2. Ultrasound
ﻪﺑﺮﺿ جﻮﻣ ا
ي ژﺮﻧا ﺎﺑ ي ﻓﺎﮐ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﭘ ﻦﺘﺴﮑﺷ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮ ي
ﺴﻧﻻاوﻮﮐ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ . ژﺮﻧا ي اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﺎﻣد ﺶ ي ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ
ﻧﯿ ﻣ ﺰ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ] 4 , 6 - 8 [ . ﺪﺠﻣا ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2018 ( ﺮﺛا
وﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺳﺎﺘ ﯿ ﻣ رﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ نﻮ ﯿ
ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ و
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯿ ﻓ تﺎ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﺷﻮﮑ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ بآ روآﺮﻓ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ي
جاﻮﻣا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ار تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯽ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
ﮐﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯽ
ا زا ﯾ روآﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﻦ ي
ﻫ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﺛﺄﺗ ﭻ ﯿ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮ ﯽ راد ي
ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺳا ناﺰ ﯿ ﺪﯾ ،ﻪﺘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ و pH ﺎﻫ
ي
بآ ﺮﭘ روآﺮﻓ ﺎﻣا ؛دراﺪﻧ لﺎﻘﺗ ي
ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﺎﺑ رﻮﻃ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ي ﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﻣ ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ بآ ﻣ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ دﻮﺷ
] 9 [.
ﮐﺮﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿﺒ
ﯽ آﺮﻓ زا ﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا و
ﻪﺑ ﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ آﺮﻓ زا ﻞﺒﻗ رﺎﻤ ﯾ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ندﺮﮐ ﯾ
ﺶ
ﮐﯿ ﻔﯿ ﺎﻬﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖ ﯾ
ﯽ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هﺪﺷ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﻦ ﯾ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺚﻋﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا اﺰﻓا
ﯾ ﺶ
هﺮﻔﺣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﺘﻧ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﻪﺠ
اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زا بآ جوﺮﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ] 10 [ .
ﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2022 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز و ناﻮﺗ ﺮ
ارﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي شﺮﺑ زا ﺎﻫ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ار زﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . اﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯾ
ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
اﺰﻓا ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﯾ
ز ﺶ ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣ ﯿ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ﯿ
ﻦ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ي
ﺘﻧرد و نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ، ﯿ
ﻪﺠ
شﺮﺑ زا هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي اﺰﻓا زﻮﻣ ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯾ ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺑﯿ شﺮﺑ زا ﺮﺘﺸ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﻧ رد و هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ زﻮﻣ ﯿ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺠ
اﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ي
ا ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺘﺸ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮ ]
11 [ .
ﻣاﻮﻗ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ناﺪﻨﻟﻮﺟ )
2019 ( ﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﯿ
ﺶ
اﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا ﺪﻨ - اﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯾ
و بآ نداد ﺖﺳد زا ﺶ
تﻮﺗ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﮕﻧﺮﻓ
ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ ،ﻦ ندﺮﮐ
ﺎﺑ
ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﺰﻤﺳا رﺎﻤ ي - ﻪﺑ نوﺮﻘﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺮﻈﻧ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ
ﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳا ] 12 [ . نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻞﺑوزآ )
2015 ( اﺮﺑ ي بآ جوﺮﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﯿ
ﮏﺸﺧ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺪ ﺎﭘﺎﭘ ندﺮﮐ
ﯾ ﭘ زا ﺎ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ
ﺰﻤﺳا ي - ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ا ﺞ ﯾ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
ﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯿ
هﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟد ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺰﻤﺳا ﯿ
دﻮﺟو ﻞ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯾ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺖﺳا ﯽ
ﭘ ﻪﮐ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ
اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺪﺷ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي
اﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ي
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،غاد
ﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ ﻢﻈﻋا ﯿ
ﺎﭘﺎﭘ رد ﺎﻫﺪ ﯾ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺎ ﺪﺷ هﺪﺷ . ﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ
ﺪ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ ﺗ ،هﺪﺸﻧ رﺎﻤ ﯿ
ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ نورد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
ﺗ و ﯿ ﺳا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ ﺰﻤ
- ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯿ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 24 ،ﺪﺻرد
8/
39 - 4/
30 و ﺪﺻرد 9/
64 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ]
13 [.
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﯽ
ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯿ بآ ،هزﺎﺗ هﻮ ﻣﯿ
و هﺮﺘﻧﺎﺴﻨﮐ ،هﻮ ﯾ
شﺮﺑ ﺎ ﺎﻫ ي كزﺎﻧ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ] 14 [ . ا زا فﺪﻫ ﯾ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ
ﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ،ت ي
وﺎﺣ ي ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد و هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ آﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا - تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - هدﺎﻣآ زﺎﺳ ي شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
اﺮﺑ ي ا مﺎﺠﻧا ﯾ ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شﺮﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺎﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ 5
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﻼﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯾ
ﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﺴ ﯽ ) ﻣﺮﺟ ﯽ ا ، ﯾ ﻟﺎﺘ
1ﯿﺎ ( ﺪﻧدرﻮﺧ شﺮﺑ .
شﺮﺑ نزو ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻬﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ هﺪﺷ ﻪ 5 / 21 ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﻣ رﻮﻃ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ اراد ﻦ ي ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯿ
ﻪ 91 / 84 ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ بﻮﻃﺮﻣ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر شور ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ
AOAC
) 2010 ( ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نداد راﺮﻗ ﻖ ﺎﻣد و نوآ رد ﺎﻫ
ي 105 ﻪﺟرد
ﺴﻠﺳ ﯿ ﺘﺳد ﺎﺗ سﻮ ﯿﺑﺎ
ﯽ هزاﺪﻧا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نزو ﻪﺑ ﮔﯿ
ﺮ ي ﺪﺷ . زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ وزاﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي
دﯾ ﺠ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺘ ﯽ نوﺮﺗﻮﻟ (
،2
ﺎﺗﯾ ناﻮ ﺎﺑ)
ﺖﻗد ﯾ ﮏ مﺪﺻ مﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
2 - 2 - آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺗ ﺪﻨ ﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
1. Girmi, Italy.
2. Digital balance, LutronGM-300p (Taiwan)
زﻮﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯾ
ﻟوا ﻦ ﯿ شﺮﺑ ،ﻪ ﺎﻫ ي مﺎﻤﺣ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻞﺧاد لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ )
3ﺮﮑﺑ ) اﯾ ناﺮ ( لﺪﻣ vCLEAN1-L6 (
وﺎﺣ ي بآ
ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ي
50 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ سﻮ .
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
اﯾ تﺪﺷ رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ،هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠ ) ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد
ناﻮﺗ 0 ، 75 و 150 تاو ( نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ رد و 5
، 10 و 15 ﻗد ﯿ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻘ
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﮔ لﺎﻤﻋا لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯾ
ﺪ . ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯿ
،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﺎﻫ ﯾ
ﺨﻧ ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ ﮏ ﯽ
ﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ
دﺮﮔ فﺬﺣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯾﺪ
.
2 - 3 - آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ ﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ اﺪﺘﺑا ،تﻮﺻاﺮ
وزاﺮﺗ ي د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺘ ﯽ زﻮﺗ ﯾ وﺎﺣ فوﺮﻇ ﻞﺧاد ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻦ ي
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ زا هﺪﺷ ﻪ ﺎﻫ
ي 20 ، 30 و 40 ﻪﺟرد
ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ﺲﮑ ي
50 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ سﻮ .
ﺎﻣد ي
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي رﺎﻣ ﻦﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ي
) لﺪﻣ R.J42 ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ،
ا ،ﺎﻣزآ سرﺎﭘ ﯾ
ناﺮ ( ﻣ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻪﮕﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ . ﻃ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي
ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺮﻫ ، 10 ﻗد ﯿ شﺮﺑ ﻪﻘ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺎﻫ ي
زا ﺪﻌﺑ و جرﺎﺧ
زﻮﺗ ،ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ ﯾ
وﺎﺣ فﺮﻇ نورد ﻪﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ و ﻦ ي
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ي
ﻣ هداد ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
2 - 4 - ﮏﺸﺧ نوآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ندﺮﮐ
زا ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ 60 ﻗد ﯿ ﮕﺑآ ﻪﻘ ﯿﺮ ي آﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯾ
ﻧ ،ﺰﻤﺳا ﺪﻨ ﻪﻧﻮﻤ
ﺎﻫ ي هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ
ﻦﻓ نوآ ﻞﺧاد راد
) ﺷ ﯿ ا ،زﺎﻤ ﯾ ناﺮ ( يﺎﻣد رد 70 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نزو ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺗ .
نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد
) (WR ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،4
) (SG بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد و 5
) (WL شﺮﺑ 6
ﺎﻫ ي سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ
ﺮﻃ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯾ
ز تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﻖ ﯾ
دﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮ ﯾ
ﺪ ] 15 [.
) 1 (
100
0
0
A A WR A t
) 2 ( 100
0 0
A
S SG St
3. Laboratory, Ultrasonic, vCLEAN1-L6, Backer, Iran.
4. Weight reduction 5. Solid gain (SG) 6. Water loss (WL)
) 3 (
0 0 0
0 ( )
100 A
S A W A
W
WL W t t t
ا رد ﯾ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ :
:WR شﺮﺑ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي رد لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
،ﺰﻤﺳا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ :SG
،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد :WL
ﺪﺻرد
،ﺰﻤﺳا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ A0
: ﻟوا مﺮﺟ ﯿ شﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪ ﺎﻫ
ي
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ) (g ، At
: ﺑ مﺮﺟ شﺮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻤﺳا زا ﺪﻌﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ )
(g ، St :
ﺰﻤﺳا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ هدﺎﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ )
(g ، S0
: ﺪﻣﺎﺟ هدﺎﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ
ﻟوا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯿ ﻪ ) (g ، W0
: ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪ ) (g و Wt
: ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺰﻤﺳا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ )
(g ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - 5 - ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ
اﺮﺑ ي ﮕﺑآ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي شﺮﺑ ،دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺮﭘ ﮏﺸـﺧ لﺎـﻘﺗ
زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ نورد و ﻦ ي
50 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﻪﻃﻮﻏ سﻮ رو
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺲﭙﺳ 20
ﻗد ﯿ جرﺎﺧ بآ زا ﻪﻘ هﺪـﺷ
زﻮﺗ و ﯾ ﻦ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بآ بﺬﺟ زﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 4
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و
ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ]
15 [.
) 4 ( 100
0
M RR M
ا رد ﯾ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ و بآ بﺬـﺟ زﺎﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو M
M0
نزو
ﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - 6 - ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﺰ ي
ا رد ﯾ ﺮﺛا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ
0 ، 75 و تاو
150 ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا ،تاو 5
، 10 و 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛا و ﻪﻘ ي
وﺎﺣ ي ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ
20 ، 30 و 40 ﺮﺑ ﻪﺟرد ﯾ ﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺲﮑ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﻃ مﺮﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﮏ ﯽ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ .ا ﯾ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ
ﯽ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ SPSS
21 ﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﯾ
ﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪ ﯿ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞ .
نﻮﻣزآ مﺎﻤﺗ اﺮﺑ و مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺳ رد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻣ ﻪﺴ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ زا ،هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ا
ي ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻦﮑﻧاد
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 95 % ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻧ ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳر ياﺮﺑ ﯿ
ﻧﺮﺑ زا ﺰ ﻪﻣﺎ
) 2007 ( Excel ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
3 - 1 - تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تﺪﺷ ﺮﺛا
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - ﺗ تﺪﺷ ﺮﺛا A ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
شﺮﺑ نزو ﺎﻫ
ي ﻃ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي نﺎﺸﻧ ار
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ،ﻦ 1
ﻣ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تﺪﺷ ﺮﺛا ﯿ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد )
1 - (B ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ، )
1 - (C ،
بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد )
1 - (D ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد و ﯿﺮ
ي دﺪﺠﻣ ) 1 - (E
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﺑآ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿﺮ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ي
) زا ﺪﻌﺑ 60
ﻗد ﯿ ﺰﻤﺳا ﻪﻘ ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﯽ ﺗ ﯿ ﻃ ،ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ﯽ نﺎﻣز
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو ، ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﺗﯿ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ و تﺪﺷ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ .
رد ﻪﺘﺒﻟا
ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ 10 ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻤﺳا و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﻘ 30
فﻼﺘﺧا ،ﺪﺻرد
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي ﺑ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ )
05 /0
>
.(P
دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯾ آﺮﻓ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺖ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ز راﺪﻘﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯾ
هدﺎﻣ دﺎ
ﺰﻤﺳا هﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻞﺣ ي
اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي آﺮﻓ رد بآ ﻊﻓد ﯾ
ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ﺪﻌﺑ ي
ﮏﺸﺧ دﺮﮐ ﻐﺗ و ن ﯿﯿ و ﺮ ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺴﺣ ﯽ ﺬﻐﺗ و ﯾﻪ ا ي لﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﻣ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ] 16 [ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ بﺬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
شﺮﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯾ
ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 150
زا ،تاو 5/
14 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 6/
11
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾﻓﺎ ﺖ ) 10 ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻤﺳا و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﻘ 30
ﺪﺻرد .(
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ 1
- ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ D ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،دﻮﺷ ﯾ
ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺘﻤﮐ جوﺮﺧ ﻞ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
. رد ﻪﺘﺒﻟا
ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ 10 ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻤﺳا و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﻘ 30
فﻼﺘﺧا ،ﺪﺻرد
ﻌﻣ رادﺎﻨ ي ﺑ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ )
05 /0
>
.(P
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ اﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﺶ
ﯾ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا و ﺖﻓﺎ ي
ﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
150 ﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تاو ﯿ
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هﺪﺸﻧ رﺎﻤ ﯾ
ﺪ
) 05 /0
<
.(P ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ﯿﺮ
ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي اﺮﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ي
اﻮﺗ ن ﺎﻫ ي ،ﺮﻔﺻ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 75
و تاو 150 ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،تاو ﯿ
ﺐ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 4/
163 ،ﺪﺻرد 9/
174 و ﺪﺻرد 4/
183 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
Fig 1 Effect of ultrasound power on the weight reduction (A), average weight reduction (B), average solid gain (C), average water loss (D), and average rehydration (E) of dehydrated orange slices (10 min and 30%).
Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).
3 - 2 - ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 - ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا A ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
شﺮﺑ نزو ﺎﻫ ي ﻃ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي نﺎﺸﻧ ار
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . نﺎﻤﻫ ﮐ رﻮﻃ ا رد ﻪ ﯾ ﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦ ﯽ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ ﯾ
ﺶ
ﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﯿ
ﻃ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا ﺪﻨ ي زا
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧ رد و هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﻐﺗ ﻪﺠ ﯿﯿ اﺮﺑ نزو تاﺮ ي
ا ﯾ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ،ﻦ 2
لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا
ﻣ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯿ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ
ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد و بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﯿﺮ ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﺑآ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ي
) زا ﺪﻌﺑ 60 ﻗد ﯿ ﺰﻤﺳا ﻪﻘ (
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ،عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﯾ
ﺶ
آﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي زا 5 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 15 ﻗد ﯿ زا ،ﻪﻘ 9/
7
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 0/
15 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 /0
<
.(P ﺑﯿ نﺎﻣز ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي 5 و
10 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯿ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ نﺎﻣز ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي 10 و 15 ﻗد ﯿ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻘ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ي
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
) 05 /0
>
.(P ﻞﮑﺷ رد 3 - ﺪﻣﺎﺟ هدﺎﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا C
شﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﺑآ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿﺮ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
نﺎﻤﻫ ا رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﯾ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺳ ﻦ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺷ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ،دﻮ ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽ
راد ي بﺬﺟ ﺮﺑ
شﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ )
05 /0
>
.(P
ﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ هداد ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي اﺮﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﻞﮐ
ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯾ
ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ
شﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ هدﺎﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي زا لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ 72 / 11
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 81 / 12 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
ﯾ ﻧ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
ﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺰ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي زا
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺠ
اﺮﺑ ي ا ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ ترﻮﺻ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸ ) 05 /0
<
.(P اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ بآ جوﺮﺧ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺶ
آﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ﯾ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺪﻨ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 15 ﻗد ﯿ زا ،ﻪﻘ 7/
25
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 7/
32 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 /0
<
.(P
Fig 2 Effect of sonication time on the weight reduction (A), average weight reduction (B), average solid gain (C), average water loss (D), and average rehydration (E) of dehydrated orange slices (75 W and 40%).
Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ 2
- ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ E ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،دﻮﺷ ﯾ
نﺎﻣز ﺶ
ﺗﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ،ﻪﻘ ﯿﺮ
ي دﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﻐﺗ ﻞ ﯿﯿ ﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮ ﯿ
ﻪﺑ ،هﻮ ﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽ
راد ي
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 /0
>
.(P ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻞﮐ ﻦ ) ﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و ﺎﻫ
ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ( اﺮﺑ ي ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ﯿﺮ
ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
نﺎﻣز رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ي 5 ، 10 و 15 ﻗد ﯿ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ ﯿ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ
5/
181 ،ﺪﺻرد 8/
178 و ﺪﺻرد 9/
168 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
3 - 3 - ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛا ي
ﻞﮑﺷ رد 3 - ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛا A ي
ﺎﺣ و ي ﺮﺑ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ
ﻐﺗ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯿﯿ
شﺮﺑ نزو تاﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
ﻃ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯽ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽ ﺪﻫد .ا ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦ
ﻣ ﯽ شﺮﺑ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﺎﻫ
ي رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ي
وﺎﺣ ي 40 ﺎﺳ زا زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ﺑﯿ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ . اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺗ ﺮ ﯿ ﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ﻬﺑﺎﺸ
ﯽ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﯽ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﻓر ﯾ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ي
،
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶ ي
ﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ، ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي شﺮﺑ زا ﺎﻫ ي
ﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﻐﺗ ﻪﺠ ﯿﯿ اﺮﺑ نزو تاﺮ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﻪﮐ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﻠﻏ ﯿ ﻆ ﺑ ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﯿ
دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ .
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ )ﻣ
ﯿﺎ ﮕﻧ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ نﺎﻣز و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ( شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺎﺑ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﻫ ي 20 ، 30 و 40 ﺮﺑ ﻪﺟرد ﯾ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺲﮑ ﯿ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 17 /5
،ﺪﺻرد 71 /7 و ﺪﺻرد 85 / 10 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
ﻞﮑﺷ رد 3 ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛا ي
ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ
و بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،نزو ﺪﺻرد
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي شﺮﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮕﺑآ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿﺮ
ي هﺪﺷ ) زا ﺪﻌﺑ 60 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ
ﺰﻤﺳا ( ﻧﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺰ .
ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﯽ ﺗ ﯿ ﻃ ،ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ﯽ نﺎﻣز
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو ، ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ي
ﻧ ﯿ ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ﯿ
شﺮﺑ ،ﻂ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺑ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي رد و هدﺮﮐ دﻮﺧ بﺬﺟ ار ﺘﻧ
ﯿ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺠ
اﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ي
ا ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ اﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ .
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ شﺮﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ )ﺗ ﯿ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 75
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ تاو 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ( راﺮﻗ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي 20 ، 30 و 40 ﻪﺟرد ﺮﺑ
ﯾ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺲﮑ ﯿ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 2/
10 ،ﺪﺻرد 9/
13 ﺪﺻرد
و 7/
17 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﻠﻏ ﯿ ﻆ ﺮﺗ
) 40 ﺪﺻرد ( فﻼﺘﺧا ،هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ هدﺎﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي ﮕﺑآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯿﺮ
ي لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ 20
ﺖﺷاد ﺪﺻرد
) 05 /0
<
.(P
ﮕﺑآ شور رد ﯿﺮ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر رﺪﻘﭼ ﺮﻫ ، ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ي زا
ارﺎﮐ ،دﻮﺷ جرﺎﺧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺶ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ي
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ، ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶ ي
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ي شﺮﺑ زا ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺠ
اﺮﺑ بآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي
ﻠﻏ ﯿ ﻆ ﺮﺗ ) 40 ﺪﺻرد ( هدﻮﺑ ﺑ ،ﺪﻧا ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ . ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد بآ
)ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ نﺎﻣز و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ( شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي 20 ، 30 و 40
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 11 / 13 ،ﺪﺻرد 48 / 20 و ﺪﺻرد 14 / 27
دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد . ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺳاﺮﻤﻫ ﯾ
ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺳﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ و دﺎﺑآﺪ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2011 ( ﺳرﺮﺑ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﯽ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي زا ﻣ ﯿ هﻮ ي
"
ﻪِﺑ
"
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي وﺎﺣ ي شراﺰﮔ ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ و زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ،ﮏﻤﻧ
ﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯿ
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ و بآ ﻊﻓد ،ﺪﻨﻗ بﺬﺟ ﺰ ي
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻨﻌﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ رﻮﻃ
ﯽ راد ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ
ﺰﻤﺳا ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﭘ ﺶ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ اﺪ ]
17 [.
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ي
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ، ﯿﺮ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ . نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ 3
- اﺮﺑ E ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺗﯿ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ 75
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ تاو 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ،دﻮﺷ ي
ﺑ ﯿ ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ ﯿﺮ
ي دﺪﺠﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو )
05 /0
>
.(P ا رد ﯾ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ )ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ نﺎﻣز و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ( شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺘﻓ
ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي 20 ، 30
و 40 ﺮﺑ ﻪﺟرد ﯾ ﻧ ﺲﮑ ﯿ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﯿ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 7/
197 ،ﺪﺻرد 8/
172
و ﺪﺻرد 7/
158 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
Fig 3 Effect of sucrose solution concentration on the weight reduction (A), average weight reduction (B), average solid gain (C), average water loss (D), and average rehydration (E) of dehydrated orange slices (75 W
and 15 min).
Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05).
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي
اﺮﺷ ﯾ آﺮﻓ ﻂ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا ﺪﻨ ي شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﭘ و لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯿ
ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي درﻮﻣ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ا رد ﯾ ﺮﻔﺻ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
ﺎﺗ 150 لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ،تاو هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ
5 ﺎﺗ 15 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ي
وﺎﺣ ي دوﺪﺤﻣ رد زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ة
20 ﺎﺗ 40
ﺪﺻرد ) ﻧزو ﯽ / ﻧزو ﯽ ( دﻮﺑ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ي
ﻪﺑ ، رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ي
ﺪﺻرد
ﺘﻧ رد و بآ جوﺮﺧ ﯿ
شﺮﺑ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺠ ﺎﻫ
ي لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ ) 05 /0
<
.(P رد شﺮﺑ نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻ ﺎﻫ
ي
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯾ
آﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯾ
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﻨ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻤﺳا ي زا 5 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 15 ﻗد
ﯿ زا ،ﻪﻘ 9/
7 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 0/
15 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 /0
<
(P ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ؛
ﺑﯿ نﺎﻣز ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي 5 و 10 ﻗد ﯿ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﻘ ﯿ
ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ نﺎﻣز ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي 10 و 15
ﻗد ﯿ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻘ ي
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
05 /0
>
.(P اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶ ي
،
دﺪﻋ راﺪﻘﻣ ي
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ بﺬﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ترﻮﺻ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) اﺰﻓا ﯾ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ بﺬﺟ ﺶ ) (
05 /0
<
(P ﺎﻣا ،
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ا راﺪﻘﻣ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تﺪﺷ ﺶ ﯾ
ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦ
) 05 /0
>
(P ﻂﺳﻮﺗ زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ بﺬﺟ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺳا لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺶ ﺪﺻرد ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ اﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا و ﺖﻓﺎ ي
ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ 150
ﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تاو ﯿ
رﺎﻤ
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هﺪﺸﻧ ﯾ
ﺪ ) 05 /0
<
(P اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ؛ ﯾ
لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺶ
ﺰﻤﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ي
ﮕﺑآ ﺪﺻرد ، ﯿﺮ
ي دﺪﺠﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Effect of ultrasonic pretreatments and process condition on mass transfer rate during osmotic dehydration of orange slices
Eftekhari, A. 1, Salehi, F. 2*, Gohari Ardabili, A. 3, Aghajani, N. 4
1. MSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2022/ 12/ 17 Accepted 2023/ 04/ 15
Keywords:
Orange slice, Rehydration, Solid gain, Sucrose,
Weight reduction.
The intensity and application time of ultrasound treatment before the osmotic dehydration process and the use of osmotic solutions of different concentrations can result in different dehydration intensities and sucrose gain in the orange slices and also can influence important qualitative parameters. In this research, the effect of ultrasound pretreatments (three levels of ultrasound intensity and at three different times) and the sucrose solution concentration (20, 30, and 40%) on the weight loss percentage, the solid gain percentage, the amount of removed moisture and the rehydration percentage of orange slices during osmotic dehydration process was investigated. By increasing the concentration of sucrose solution from 20 to 40%, the solid gain percentage of dehydrated orange slices increased from 7.94% to 16.29%
(P<0.05); But with increase in the sonication power from zero to 150 W, the value of this parameter decreased. By increasing the sucrose solution concentration from 20 to 40%, due to the increase in the osmotic pressure of the solution, the amount of weight reduction and the moisture loss percentage of orange slices increased from 5.17% to 10.58% and from 13.11% to 27.14%, respectively. With increasing the ultrasound treatment time, the amount of removed moisture from the samples increased (P<0.05). With increasing ultrasound power, the rehydration of dried samples increased from 169.9% to 186.2%, but the ultrasound time had the opposite influence, and with increasing the ultrasound treatment time, the rehydration amount of samples decreased from 181.5% to 168.9%. In general, applying 5 min of ultrasound with a power of 150 W, due to the reduction of solid gain and increase in rehydration percentage, is recommended before the osmotic dehydration process of orange slices with a solution containing 40% sucrose.
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.135.21
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1402.20.135.3.9
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran)
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir Scientific Research
