ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﺎو در ﻃﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻃ رد وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ

دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﺲﭘ و لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد رد يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ

هﺰﻤﺣ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﯽﻟﺎﻨﯾز ﺎﺒﯾﺮﻓ ،

1

2

ﯽﺳﺎﻤﻟا يدﺎﻫ ،

3

1 - ﻪﯿﻣورا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد

2 - ﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ﻪﯿﻣورا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮ

3 - ﻪﯿﻣورا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا

) رﺎﺗ ﯾ رد ﺦ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 09 / 10 / 96 رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺬﭘ ﺦ ﯾ شﺮ : 21 / 04 / 97 (

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ دﻮﺑ وﺎﮔ

. ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ود رد ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ 60

و 40

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ

15 و 30 ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا هزﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺲﭙﺳ 8

لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد رد زور )

4 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (

نآ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ صاﻮﺧ و هﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هزﺎﺑ رد ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ 1

، 4 و 8 ﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ هزور ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽ

. ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ و pH

ﺪﺷ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ .

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺖﻓا و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﺑ

40 نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ و ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠﯿﮐ 30

داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا رد تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ يور ﺮﺑ يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ

ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد بآ )

05 /0

>

.(p توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ تﺪﻣ و رﺎﻤﯿﺗ نﺎﻣز ،ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ،ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ

دﻮﺑ . ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ 40

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠﯿﮐ 15

ﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ مرﺎﻬﭼ زور رد ،ﻪﻘﯿﻗد داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﻦ

. يرﻮﻧ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ

ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ

فﺎﯿﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺎﻫ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و دﻮﺑ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ

ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

. ﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻠﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪ

40 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠﯿﮐ 30

ﺮﺑ ار ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﯽﻣ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يور دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ماد ﺢﺑذ زا ﺲﭘ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

.

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔژاو : ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ،وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ

:

f.zeynali@urmia.ac.ir

1 - ﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻣ

ﺪﯾآ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ .

ﯽﻨﻏ

ﻪﻨﯿﻣآ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا يوﺎﺣ ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ زا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ندﻮﺑ عاﻮﻧا ،يور و ﻦﻫآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ،نﺪﺑ ياﺮﺑ يروﺮﺿ هﺮﻣز رد ار نآ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ يژﺮﻧا ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو ﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻠﻣﺎﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤ

.

ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ي

ﺎﻫ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ و ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ي

دراد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ار ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،يدﺮﺗ .

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻀﻋ عﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯽﻤﺳ ﯽﻤﺳ و ﺮﺑز تﻼﻀﻋ ءﺰﺟ سﻮﻧاﺮﺒﻤﻣ ءﺰﺟ سﻮﺳﻮﻨﯾﺪﻨﺗ

ﺖﺳا مﺮﻧ تﻼﻀﻋ 1]

.[ و ﻪﺜﺟ هزاﺪﻧا ،ﺖﯿﺴﻨﺟ ،داﮋﻧ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﺖﺳا راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺰﯿﻧ يﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ 2]

.[

ﯽﺸﻌﻧ دﻮﻤﺟ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺗﻼﮑﺸﻣ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ،1

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

2PSE و

3DFD

ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺮﺛا رد ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﯽﮔﺪﺷ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ، ،4

Rigor Shortening دﺎﻤﺟا ﻊﻓر مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺸﻌﻧ دﻮﻤﺟ و

ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ دﻮﺧ ﺮﯿﮔرد ار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ )

3 .(

زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﮑﯾ

ﻣ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﺮﺛا رد هﺪﻣآ دﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ،ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ تﻼﮑﺸ

ﺖﺳا . و ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ يداﺪﻌﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ،ﺪﻧا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﻤﻫ زا ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ و مﺎﺠﺴﻧا ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﻪﺑﺎﻧﻮﺧ جوﺮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﺴﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ 4]

.[ ﺐﯿﺳآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣاﺰﻟا بﻮﻠﻄﻣ صاﻮﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و .

ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

نآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يدﺮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﺲﭘ .

ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ يروآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ يﺎﻫ شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺖﺳا ﻻﺎﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

ﯽﻠﮑﺷ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟا

ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يژﺮﻧا زا ﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺗﻮﺻ جاﻮﻣا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ

) يﻻﺎﺑ 20 ( kHz ﺖﺳا . ﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ جاﻮﻣا ياراد ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟا

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺰﺗﺮﻫﺎﮕﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠﯿﮐ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ جاﻮﻣا ﺰﯿﻧ و دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هدﺮﺒﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﺗرﺪﻗ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ نآ زا 7]

- 5 . [

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺶﺗﺎﺷﺎﻌﺗرا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽﺗرﺪﻗ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و تﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ رد نﻮﯿﺳﺎﺘﯾوﺎﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﮐ .

مواﺪﻣ نﺪﺷ ﯽﺷﻼﺘﻣو ﺪﺷر ،يﺮﯿﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﻮﯿﺳﺎﺘﯾوﺎﮐ

1. Rigor mortis 2. Pale.Soft.Exudativ 3. Dark.Firm. Dry

ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ و ﺖﺳا ﯽﺑآ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ رد ﺎﻫ بﺎﺒﺣوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺨﻣ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺛا رد هﺪﺷ دراو رد ﯽﻔﻠﺘ

ﯽﻣ خر داﻮﻣ ﺪﻫد

8] و 9 .[

لﺎﺳ رد رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟا 1950

ﺮﯿﻏ راﺰﺑا ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﻪﺷﻻ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ بﺮﺨﻣ ﺪﺷ . ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﯽﺗرﺪﻗ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟازا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺪﻫد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﯿﺑ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ .

ر لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﮓﻧر ،ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يدﺮﺗ يو

ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هداد دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار نآ ﯽﮕﻧر تﺎﺒﺛ لﻼﺘﺧا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ) ﯽﮕﺘﺴﮑﺷ ( دﻮﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد .

ﻢﻫزا ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻄﺑ

و هداد دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار يرﻼﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ و ﻦﺘﺴﺴﮔ ﯽﻣ يﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ ﯽﺷﻼﺘﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ

. ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا

ﺗ ﺎﺑ يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ صاﻮﺧ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎ

ﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﻫد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ار ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا و ﻪﺑﺎﻧﻮﺧ جوﺮﺧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

.

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ ،ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﻢﮐ و نازرا يﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يا

ﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

و

8] و 12 - 10 .[ ا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا درﻮﻣ رد يدوﺪﻌﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟو

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يور ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ﺖﺳا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يدﺮﺗ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺮﺜﮐا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .

ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ لﺎﺜﻣ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Lyng )

11 ( و Chang نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 12]

ﺎﺑ [

ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا مﺎﻤﺣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا )

34 و 42 (KHz

ﻻﺎﺑ تﺪﺷ و )

29 و 40 ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ تاو (

يدﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﭻﯿﻫ

رد ﺪﻧدﺮﮑﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ رد ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ

ﻪﮐ Smith و

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 13]

ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا مﺎﻤﺣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ [ )

9/

25 (KHz

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ رد ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ

.

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ Dolatowski نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و

4] ﺎﺑ[ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ 25 KHz

تﺪﺷ و 2 ﻞﺑﺎﻗ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ تاو رد ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺘﺨﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ يدﺮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد هﺪﺷ

C 50° هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

رد ﺎﻣا ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ C

70° ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يدﺮﺗ رد يدﻮﺒﻬﺑ .

ﺎﺑ

،تﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو Stadnik

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 14]

ﺰﯾر [ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ و هدﺮﮐ ﯽ

ﻪﺤﻔﺻ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ و Z ﺎﻫﺮﻣﻮﮐرﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺷﻼﺘﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد هﺪﺷ

ﺪﻧا . ﺮﺛا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﯿﺋﺎﺗ ار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يدﺮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا .

ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد رﻮﻣ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﻪﯿﮑﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ د

رد ﻦﯾﻮﻧ شور ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ناﻮﺘﺑ نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺑ داد راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺷﻮﮔ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يروآﺮﻓ .

2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

2 - 1 - ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ و يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ

يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﻪﯿﻣورا ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮔرﺎﺘﺸﮐ زا هزﺎﺗ وﺎﮔ نار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ آ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هوﺮﮔ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣز .

ﺲﭘ

ﺖﻤﺴﻗ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ زا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﯾور ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ و ﺪﺋاز يﺎﻫ

تﺎﻌﻄﻗ 5cm - 3 رد 3cm - 2 ﺪﺷ دﺮﺧ .

ﺎﺑ مﺎﻤﺣ عﻮﻧ زا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا هﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ ﮏﯾ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﻠﺧاد ﮏﻧﺎﺗ دﺎﻌﺑا )

240

× 150

× 300 يﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ و يﺎﻫ

60 KHz و 40 و ناﻮﺗ

% 70 يﺎﻣد رد 25˚C

نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

يﺎﻫ 15 و 30 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﻪﮑﺗ ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫﺮﺸﺑ ﻒﮐ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ 1

ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﮏﯾ ترﻮﺻ هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﭼ ﻪﯾﻻ

راﺮﻗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ مﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﺧاد ﺮﺸﺑ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺳا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘ

. ﻪﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺲﭙﺳ 4

هوﺮﮔ 70 - 50

ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﯽﻣﺮﮔ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻪﺴﯿﮐ رد ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و هﺪﺷ

يز يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ نزو رﺎﺸﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﭘ يور ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

رد ﻢﻫ

ﮏﯾ فوﺮﻇ فﺮﺼﻣرﺎﺑ

10 رد 20 ﻪﺘﺴﺑ هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ .

نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ و

لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ )

يﺎﻣد c 4˚ ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .

لﻮﻃ رد

رد ،يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هرود

يﺎﻫ 1 ، 4 و 8 نوﻮﻣزآ زور ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يور ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

.

2 - 2 - هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ pH

راﺪﻘﻣ 20 و دﺮﺧ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﮐدﺮﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ

ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺪﮑﯾ 80

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ و هﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

ﺪﺷ نژﻮﻤﻫ بﻮﺧ .

ﺲﭙﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ pH

يﺎﻣد رد ﺮﺘﻣ pH

20 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد اﺮﮔ

هزاﺪﻧا د ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ 15]

.[

2 - 3 - ﺗ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯿﯿﻌ )

( WHC

شور زا Kocher

و Foegeding 16]

تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ [

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ .

وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

ﻪﺑ ﻦﮐدﺮﺧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ هﺪﻣآرد ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ترﻮﺻ

2 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا مﺮﮔ

هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻦﻤﺗاو ﯽﻓﺎﺻ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ نورد 1

ﯽﻓﺎﺻ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ

ﺑ رود ﺎﺑ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد نورد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪ 6000

ﻪﺑ و

تﺪﻣ 5 ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

رد و ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

نوآ 100 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ

12 ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ و هﺪﺷ

ﺪﺷ نزو ًادﺪﺠﻣ .

يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﯾز ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ بآ .

100 × ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ زا

)/

يراﺬﮔ نوآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو –

ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو = (

WHC

2 - 4 - ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا

ﻖﯿﻗد ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺴﯿﮐ رد ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﮏﭘ يز ﯽﮑﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ ي يرﺎﻣ ﻦﺑ رد و ﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ

80

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ

45 ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

ﺎﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ

ﺳر ﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ نآ تﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ و هﺪﺷ ﮏﻨﺧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿ .

ﻪﻟﻮﺣ لﺎﻤﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ ،ﮏﺸﺧ يﺬﻏﺎﮐ يا

ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﯾز لﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺪﺻرد ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺖﻓا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ 17] .[

100 × ) ﻪﺘﺨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو )/

ﻪﺘﺨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو مﺎﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو –

((

= ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا

2 - 5 - رد ﻪﺑﺎﻧﻮﺧ جوﺮﺧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻊﻓر مﺎﮕﻨﻫ

دﺎﻤﺠﻧا

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫ و هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ ﻖﯿﻗد ترﻮﺻ

ﮏﯾ فوﺮﻇ و ﮏﭘ يز رد ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ فﺮﺼﻣرﺎﺑ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ .

ﺎﺗ و ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ 4

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺲﭘ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ دﺮﺳ داﺮﮔ

ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ زا 8

رد و هﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ رﺰﯾﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 18

- ﻪﺟرد

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ داﺮﮔ تﺪﻣ

12 ﺖﻟﺎﺣ نﺎﻤﻫ رد زور

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .

بآ ﺎﺗ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻣد رد و جرﺎﺧ رﺰﯾﺮﻓ زا ﺲﭙﺳ

ﺦﯾ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ نﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر نآ يﺎﻫ

. جرﺎﺧ تﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ هﺪﺷ

ﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ لﺎﻤﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺣ رد يﺬﻏﺎﮐ يا

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﺮﮐ نزو زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ جوﺮﺧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﻧﻮﺧ ﺮﯾز ترﻮﺻ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

4] .[

100 × دﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو )/

دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو –

دﺎﻤﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو = (

ﻪﺑﺎﻧﻮﺧ جوﺮﺧ ﺪﺻرد

2 - 6 - ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ

ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ نﻮﻣزآ )

texture Analyer,

TA.XT Plus, StableMicro Systems, uk (

مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا بوﺮﭘ ﮏﯾ زا هدﺎ

ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ يا 5

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ يﺎﻫرﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ يزاﻮﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ رد و ﺮﺘﻣ .

يور ﺮﺑ بوﺮﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ 2

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ

يور ﺮﺑ هﺪﺷدﺎﺠﯾا 50

% ﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ . وﺮﯿﻧ يﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ -

زا نﺎﻣز

مﺮﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻢﺳر ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ راﺰﻓا .

يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ

ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ) ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ بوﺮﭘ ذﻮﻔﻧ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ( ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .

2 - 7 - پﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ زا يرادﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ

يرﻮﻧ

،پﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ هزاﺪﻧا

زا هدﺮﮐ رﻮﺒﻋ رﻮﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يا

رﻮﺒﻋ نآ زا ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ پﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ رﻮﺴﻧاﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﺳﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ و هدﺮﮐ

ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﯽﺌﯿﺷ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

5 ﺎﺗ 10 شﺮﺑ نوﺮﮑﯿﻣ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد .

ﺎﺑ يﺰﯿﻣآ ﮓﻧر ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ زا ﺲﭘ

ﻦﯿﻠﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﺎﻤﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ گرﺰﺑ ﺎﺑ و هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﯾزﻮﺋا _

100

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يرﻮﻧ پﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ يرادﺮﺑ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ .

2 - 8 - يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

نﻮﻣزآ ﮥﻤﻫ ﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد راﺮﮑﺗ ﻪ

ﺮﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ .

يرﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا SPSS

لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻦﮑﻧاد نﻮﻣزآ و 21

% 5 ) 05 /0 p<

( ياﺮﺑ

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ فﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ

.

3 - ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

3 - 1 - ﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤ pH

زاﺪﻧا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ه

يﺮﯿﮔ لوﺪﺟ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ pH

1 هدروآ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

لوا زور رد )

رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻼﺑ

ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا (

ياﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ نﺎﻣز و ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ

،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا pH

KHz

60 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و pH

ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

دﻮﺑ اراد ار pH .

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺳآ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ pH

نﻮﯾ نﺪﺷ دازآو ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ و لوزﻮﺘﯿﺳ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺖﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔزا ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﯾ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ

18] .[ نﺎﻣز ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

راﺪﻬﮕﻧ زا يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي

ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد رد ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ،هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد pH ﺖﺳا . ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ pH

ﺖﺳا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا رد ﺰﯿﻟﻮﮑﯿﻠﮔ 3]

.[

Table 1 Effect of ultrasound treatment on the pH of beef during storage in refrigerator

Storage time (day) Sample

8 4

1

0.14cA

±

abA 6.01 0.10

± 6.17 0.22aB

± 6.30 Control

0.07bA

± 5.80 0.30cB

± 6.34 0.03 ^bcB

± 6.60 60kHz-15min

abA

0.58

± 5.69 0.16bcB

± 6.29 0.07cC

± 6.71 60kHz-30min

bA

0.06

± 5.78 0.06bcB

± 6.28 0.01abB

± 6.46 40kHz-15min

aA

0.38

±

bcB 5.58 0.11

± 6.35 0.02bcC

± 6.57 40kHz-30min

Means with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a column.

Means with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a raw.

3 - 2 - يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا

بآ ) ( WHC

لوﺪﺟ رد بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗزا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ 2

هدروآ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ ،بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺷ . ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 40 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 د ﻪﻘﯿﻗ

دﻮﺑ اراد ار بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ .

تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و Li

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 19]

ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ غﺮﻣ ﻪﻨﯿﺳ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ لژ يور ﺮﺑ [

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا 40 KHz

يﺎﻫ تﺪﻣ رد 10

، 20 ، 30 ، 40

تﺪﻣ رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 20

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ار بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ .

رد ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺲﭘ

نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺑ طﺎﺘﺤﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

. ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﺠﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ 40KHz

تﺪﻣ رد 15

ناﺰﯿﻣ رد يراد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

. ﻦﯾا

ﯽﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ار عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﯿﺿﻮﺗ ناﻮﺗ

ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﮐ داد ﺢ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻠﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ

. ﺮﮕﯾد ﻞﯿﻟد

ﯽﻣ ار ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ناﻮﺗ

ﺖﺴﻧاد pH .

Table 2 Effect of ultrasound treatment on the water holding capacity (%) of beef during storage in refrigerator

Storage time (day) Sample

8 4

1

4.42aA

± 50.10 0.62aA

± 50.60 0.55aA

± 50.90 Control

2.37aA

± 48.51 2.74aAB

± 55.46 0.40abB

± 59.70 60kHz-15min

1.76aA

± 49.60 1.00aAB

± 54.43 0.85abB

± 59.70 60kHz-30min

2.47aA

± 50.16 3.36aA

± 51.96 2.60abA

± 54.86 40kHz-15min

1.87aA

± 53.93 0.66aA

± 54.36 4.41bB

± 61.76 40kHz-30min

Means with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a column.

Means with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a raw.

3 - 3 - ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا

لﻮﻃ رد ﯽﺘﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ رد لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ تﺪﻣ 3

ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .

رﺎﻤﯿﺗ

ﺖﻓا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﺖﺨﭘ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ

60 KHz تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﻘﺑ ،دﻮﺑ اراد ار ﺖﻓا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ يراد

ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ . ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ تﺪﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ

ﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺲﭙﺳو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺎﻫ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﯽﻟو ﺖﻓﺎ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺲﭙﺳو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا ،دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ 60 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15

ﺮﺗﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد زور رد ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا

4 ﺖﻓا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ياراد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا

ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﺖﺨﭘ .

ﺖﻓا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻦﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ

ﯿﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ار ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ناﻮﺗ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رد ﯽﻠﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ

تﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ اﺬﻟ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ار ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺖﺳا هداد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ 3]

.[ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻂﺳﻮ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Li 19]

ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ لژ صاﻮﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يور ﺮﺑ [

ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا )

40 KHz ( دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .

نآ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ تﺪﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ .

Table 3 Effect of ultrasound treatment on the cooking loss (%) of beef during storage in refrigerator

Storage time (day) Sample

8 4

1

0.23aB

± 46.22 0.19bA

± 38.97 2.43aA

± 37.47 Control

3.71aB

± 43.72 0.41aA

± 35.13 1.39cB

± 46.42 60kHz-15min

2.92aA

± 44.40 0.39bA

± 40.01 1.41bA

± 43.54 60kHz-30min

3.53aB

± 44.76 0.96bA

± 40.14 0.69bAB

± 41.25 40kHz-15min

1.77aB

± 45.53 0.52bA

± 39.43 0.31bB

± 44.33 40kHz-30min

Means with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a column.

Means with different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within a raw.

3 - 4 - زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﻓا يور ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا

دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﯽﯾادز

ﺖﻓا ،قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد رد ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ را دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ رد نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳ يﺮﯿﮕﻫزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ 1

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﺖﺳا . زا ﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ

هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ

40 KHz تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15

ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋ

ﺪﺷ راد . رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ 40KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15

ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ يژﺮﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ و يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺑ هدﺮﮑﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ار ﯽﻠﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ .

ﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﻧ

40KHz تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30

ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ اراد ار ﺖﻓا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ نآ يﻻﺎﺑ بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﺖﻠﻋ .

ﯽﻣ ار ﺖﻠﻋ ناﻮﺗ

ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﮐ داد ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا

لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ

يﺎﻫ

بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ و هﺪﺷ ،ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺖﺳا هداد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ار

.

Fig 1The weight loss of beef samples treated with ultrasound treatment after freeze thawing. Different

letters show significant differences between samples (p˂0.05).

3 - 5 - ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا يﺎـﻫ

نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻃ وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ رد مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺖﻬﺟ مزﻻ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ رد لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫزور ﻞﮑﺷ 2 هداد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ لوا زور رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ يﺎﻫ

KHz 40 و 60 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15

و ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻟو ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ 40KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 60 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ .

رد

ﻪﻤﻫ مرﺎﻬﭼ زور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي

ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﺟ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ 60 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30

رد ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ار وﺮﯿﻧ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ زور نﺎﻤﻫ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ 60 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30

سﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ

. ﻢﮐ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ زور رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ 40 KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ار ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اراد .

ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد

تﺪﻣ و ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ تﺪﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ و رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز

نﺎﻣز

ﻪﮕﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ياراد يراد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣا اﺪﻬﮕﻧ هرود نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد ﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺪﺳر

و ير

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ نﺪﺷ دﺮﺗ ﺮﺑ ،هرود ﻂﺳاوا رد ﺮﺘﻤﮑﺴﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ .

Fig 2 Effect of ultrasound treatment on the textural stiffness of beef samples.Different lowercase

letters show significantly different (p < 0.05) between all samples and different uppercase letters

show significantly different (p < 0.05) between times for each sample.

3 - 6 - ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ نﻮﻣزآ

يرﻮﻧ پﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ )

گرﺰﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ 100 ( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و

3

هداد ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

. يﺎﻫﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﭽﯿﻫﺎﻣ

ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يا

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻧراد يا ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد

هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا . ﯽﻟﺎﺣرد ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﮐ ﻪﭽﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﯽﺿﺮﻋ يﺎﻫ

هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد فﺎﯿﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ فﺎﮑﺷ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ

. ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ رد

ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﺷﺎﭘوﺮﻓ فﺎﯿﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺎﻫ

ﺎﺗ

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يﺪﺣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺮﺛا رد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا

فﺎﯿﻟا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﺸﻏ و هدﺮﮐ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ

ﺪﺷ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﺰﯾر هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﯾﺆﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳد

ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺪﻣآ

ﺖﺳا .

Fig 3 Microscopic images of beef sample; A:control, B: treated with 40 KHz for 15 min, C: treated with 40 KHz for 30 min, D: treated with 60 KHz for 15 min, E: treated with 60 KHz for 30 min

4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

) 40KHz و 60 ( تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ

15 و 30 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد لﺎﻤﻋا وﺎﮔ

ﺪﺷ . رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺎﺑ وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد

نﺎﻣز و ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا pH

رد و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز لﻮﻃ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد pH

رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ .

ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ WHC

ﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ

40KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 ﺖﺷاد ار ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﺖﺨﭘ ﺖﻓا

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ لﻮﻃ رد و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﮏﯾ ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺪﻧور

دﻮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رد .

رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺎﺑ دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ﻊﻓر زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﻓا

ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﺎﯾ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﻪﺘﻓ 40KHz

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30 دﻮﺑ اراد ار ﺖﻓا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺎﺑ

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ رذ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣز ﯽﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ تﺪﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ..

ﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﯽ

ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هﺪﺷ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﯾﺮﺒﯿﻓﻮﯿﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ هﺪﻨﻫد و ﺎﻫ

فﺎﯿﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا دﻮﺑ

. ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﮐرﻮﻃ

ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﺳد

ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،هﺪﻣآ

40 KHz تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 30

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ تاﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

و

ﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎ

.

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[8] Jayasooriya S.D., Bhandari B.R., Torley P., D'Arcy B.R. Effect of high power ultrasound waves on properties of meat: a review.

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Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015; 52: 2622-2633.

Effect of ultrasound treatment on physical and textural properties of refrigerated and freeze thawed beef

Hamzeh, A.¹, Zeynali, F. ^2, Almasi, H. ³

1. M.Sc. graduate of Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2. Associate Professor of Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

3. Assistant Professor of Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

(Received: 2017/12/30 Accepted:2018/07/12)

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ultrasound (US) treatment on physicochemical and textural characteristics of beef. US treatment was applied at two frequencies of 60 and 40 KHz for two times of 15 and 30 minutes. After that the meat pieces were held for 8 days at refrigerator temperature and their physical and chemical properties were evaluated during 1, 4 and 8 time intervals. US treatment caused to decrease pH and water holding capacity. Cooking loss was increased and storage loss (at 4 °C) and freeze thawing loss were decreased after US treatment and the sample treated by 40 KHz for 30 min exhibited the highest change in this parameters. The US treatment had no significant effect on water holding capacity of beef (p>0.05). The effect of US treatment on hardness of meat was dependent on applied frequency, time of treatment and storage time. The sample treated at 40 KHz for 15 min at day of 4 had the lowest hardness. Microscopy images indicated that the structure of myofibrils is changed and the space between muscle fibers increased after US treatment and by decreasing of frequency and increasing of US time, the change of myofibrils was increased. By considering all parameters, using of 40 KHz for 30 min had the best effect on quality attributes of beef and thus it is able to be used as an effective treatment after slaughter.

Keywords: Beef, Ultrasound treatment, Textural hardness, physicochemical properties.

* Corresponding Author Email Address: f.zeynali@urmia.ac.ir