% & '()* + ),- ./ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ( 7
& 8 9: 8 ; 8 <
8 =/ 9 -
>? @A 9=B
*
! "
#
$
&
%'&
%( ) *" ! "
# + +
%'&'
%,
9 CD
- ./ 01 12" 3" 456 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 . > . ?@- AB C D
212 E F
E
GA C H IJB
1 K
D
= L M
N B/
O
"
'POO
Q R
C 2. L . S
B
FCT
0C, U V
W ?. X J 7. 8 9: YB Z B/ [ \ . Z
GA C:-
- ./ 01 12" [ 212 12" K
D
B [ \ F
.
] ^ B [ _ -
`" B E L2- . a Zb 29 E " c. " E D
`" B E 9K D
^ E
`" B D U , B ?.
d
. / . 456 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9: 7 `" =2 2 f2K "
: YB D
^ B Z
E
?6 " .
- @B EC21J" 2@B A g2J " ) ] ?.
D
`" B D 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 f2K " F6 ?- @B C F. U
456 D1
12"
Z V C2 h1
E 9: 7 `" R ^ @B i2:I ; . [ \ . E
7. 8 9:
12" 456 7. 8 9: ?. 456 7. 8 2e 9: 7 `" 212 12" 456 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 - ./ 01 D
B [ \ F .
EF 9 G+
L M
HE - ./ 01 E 9: E=2 2 D
F
I@9 @
J
:
2 / 2 a 5e K R / L 9
(Illmerand
Schinner, 1992)
1FB M / 9: Z /M 456
9: dIe ? B ^
@- AB . D
] ZM L2 2 L2B B " . [ = cB 6 . C2 j
= 71LB
(Parsafar et al,
1995)
[2a f2K " [ F6 =2B B "
2.
B i . - k C " a ?. Z 2 . B M ?
? [
B . [
l 2:.
m
1 - k C " a ?. ?IK n.
@- AB =2 2 D
[ R /
Biswas and Goshi, 1988
,
Atkinson et al
,
1970@- AB . 72- D
R
[
?o 212
# [2a
[ ?L 2.
?j .
?` - k ^ @" ?. R B ^ @"
[2a 2.
[ /
B 7B R / p
[ . q
r 9:
Z B/
. 9: 7. Y B q
; s
[2a . " RnS ZM 2.
N
21 [ R
Barrow, 1979; Kuo and Lotse, 1972
,
@- AB C . . D
^ u:B N :
t#
[email protected][2a f2K " . L2 2
[ 2.
c 456
E
Q23B ?
B v @2`S E
?.
B
Spark,
,
1986B ?.
; 22<" / F. 92K " ?. Z 2 d
[
1 Z B/ ?. `: 9:
2 B Z "
[ C2 j L2 2
(Spark, 1986;
Barrow, 1985; Enfield and Ellis, 1983; Mansel et al, 1977)
[ 9:
w
456 B
E 3A 2`x" E4
E /
^ I3B 9: dIe
456 M .
(
B ^ c
y
z 7B fI JB
2: YB E456 i :2 W
-M B Ei2:I ; . EU 2 2B -M C M E
{ E Z 2"
| 6 B
D . 2q}" ~ S / ? M
c 456
2q}" 9: 456 2I. 8 .
Dhillon et al,
,
2004B 9: 456
i / 6 [J. ?. Z "
i2:Y"
#
. ? ?2- c [ =
^ ` U M
B
Sanyal and Dedatta, 1991
, [ .56 E
?
^ `"
\ 6 ,
Z 2 M Q " 9:
• A
B . U 2 2B -M C M 2:
2 E
c 2:.
[ U M 7B "
7k
| . 2-nk . ; `2 " Z
1 2-nk . ; `2 " ; K ?. ZM 4 E
[ C ?
?. 6 7B U M
f2@] 2a / 9: 6
2a ?. "
8
"
1 456 2I. 8
2 .
w
: | 2a 72L "
Al-P
• A .
Fe-PU 2 2B -M C M 2:
Sanyal and Dedatta, 1991
,
4 9: [ S ? ?2- ; `2 "
B
?. a € `:
?. Z B/ B 22<" . M
a 1 2-nk . " `2 "
B 7 `" "
(Sanyal
and Dedatta, 1991)
/ ; @- AB N .
9: 456 U
Agbeninand Tiessen, 1995; Akhtar and Alam, 2001; Dhillon et al, 2004; Samadi and Gills, 1999
, 72-
9: `1 W : IK
ZM 2`x" /
R
* 2e 7L ?. ^ I3B ; 9: 7 `" ?
Z 2 . { 7. 8
Sanyal and Dedatta, 1991
,
[ ya B Z
9: 1 [ \ )6 B -M B
B L M / •a Z ?@- AB = V
&
12 -M B . Z 2 . B
‚ 2
9: Z :L YB 456 7. 8 9: YB
olsen-P
,
Z B/
12" / 2. -M B 12" fI JB 212
Laboski and Lamb, 2003
,
Allen and
Mallarino
,
2006B Z \ . Z
N
?. -M
R [ 9: 2`x" . 2 ƒ
9: Z /M
B [ \ .
Delgado et al
,
2002UnR
i i2:I ; 9: ; . 72L " R -M B
^ I3B
B [ L M
Meek et al
,
1979W \
.
kg Pha-1
'&
7` " ; 9: a ; K ?.
B/M ^ ^ S L M
r[
X J 7. 8 9:
. .
" i ; .
mg kg-1
[ \ B w - k
3B -M / 9 ?
kg Pha-1
''+
[ \ „R .
OO I2B . . X J 7. 8 9: U I2 . U
; .
i B
> . ?@- AB C d B C21 ?.
22<" =2 2 .
- ./ 01 …k 9: ;
D F
/ @"
U Z
K )@
<
. U Z / [ ya C fI JB ~S B
Z
Z F"
@"
+$
? 1 4 J
•a /
^ Y
?.
B/M
= Z .2 Z /
=- B 2I B
`R
. K * 2
; 2
\ L 2 1 2 E
/
`8 2 7 .
E
B 2 W .
Bowyoucos, 1962
,E B N -M .
" [ : W
Nelson and Summers, 1996
,E
; . :I
2 i . ^ @B . Z 2 2" W
Loeppert, 1996
,E
[
^ `"
"2 . W
i ;
$
% pH=Bower et al, 1952
,E
*R
pHN . † ` 7
? I2 D
z B W
Rhoades, 1982
, / 2
?.
d B . { 7. 8 9: ; 22<"
/ .2 C C
? 1
? 1
?.
? 4 J
? / d
; 2K *
L \2 212
qpB 2I. 8 9:
: N / ; 22<"
.
01 ^ 1R / •a ? . ; K C ?. W - ./
D
GA F
K
^ 12"
,
? 1 TOO
B C 2. L Q
T
0C. S ,
FC; B ?.
F B k
@B 9: c` B / \2
KH2PO4
, 9: ^ @B 7
- ./ 01 6 B
D
?. F
? 1
? ] U 12"
, 7B U 12"
TO K
c` B / 9:
KH2PO4
TO
01 c` B / K
^ 1R 12" ^ 1R / •a
D1
? 1 Q
C 2. L B
T
0C. S ,
FCF Z B/
O E E T E O E T E TO E OO E TO YB 12" ^ 1R / /
456 7. 8 9:
Olsen et al, 1954
, / 2
^ B
`" B L2 2 D
9K E
`" B D 2 Ja E^
_ - E L2- . a E
9: YB . 1 c. "
X J g2J " ) ] ?. ?6 " . W/ .
R2
,
A M .
,
SEE?- @B ?- @B
?
A C 1 g2J " ) ] C 2.
4 J
Havlin, 1985; Carski and Sparks, 1987;
Dang et al, 1994
,
. M . A
DA.
?` 3B
# DA.
,
t 0 2 (P P ) 0.5
SEE (N 2)
−
= −
Pt
P0
?.
Z )2" "
N
X J 9: YB
W/ . I2 ?.
D Z B/ ^ B
t
? 1 @"
NB/M . q Z a
?- @B C F. ?` 3B L2 2
?- @B X J 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 f2K " F6
C C22@"
:`1 / 9 . \2
'
‡\6
y 2q}"
9: 7 `" . qpB 212 L \2
1. Coefficient of determination
2. Standard error of the estimate 3. Coefficient correlation
7. 8 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 . fI JB 12" 456
I2 D
; ` 3B BM
. U
\
>
SPSSU .
\
Excel
i2 "
I 3
<
M
^ 6
2K * .
? 1 212 L \2 ;
B Z )J B
{ ; 22<"
O
"
PO -M C. E O
"
Oˆ
^ @B i2:I ; . E
%"
T P
%B K
D
; 22<"
2" ^ `" [
%
T
"
%
OP
' . . ^ B
U I2
Z ?
B :
N y C ; 22<"
1
?
| . 456 7. 8 9: YB 12" ^ 1R / 7`8
/ \2 2
\6 ?.
1 N ˆ E
?
C:- 9: YB ZM
?.
. . )2" "
++
O
%T I2B
%U
. U I2 .
E B 1"
/ C:- 9: YB
. g2J " k
N 9/
L N9@
8 <
2 ( >C 6 ( O P) 8 9
OG Q@ 8 < ./ 0 1 2 3 4
c. B
^ B A U L2 2 ^ B
Martin and Sparks, 1983 Y= a + b ln t
_ -
Sparks and Huang, 1985 Y= a + bt1/2
L2- . a Zb 29
Kuo and Lotse, 1973 lnY= lna + blnt
" c. "
Sparks, 1989 (Ymax-Y)= a - bt
`" B D 9K
Martin and Sparks, 1983 Ln (Ymax-Y) = a - bt
`" B D
^
Lu et al, 2002 t/Y = t/Ymax + t1/2/Ymax
`" B D U
Z B/ { 7. 8 9: YBY
t mg kg-1 ,
9K Z B/ { 7. 8 9: YBYmax (mg kg-1)
a . qb
?- @B
N 9/
L
>ER >
> >C S 3 8 <
I:% T@ 8 <
9
San
d Silt Clay CCE* OC SP pH Soil
No.
CEC (cmolc kg-1)
!"
#$ !"
!"
%!" &$
#$ !"
& '( %
^ @B i2:I ; . *
^ 6 '
y .
- ./ 01 D
F
9 B Z
?o ?. ?6 " .
01 .
/
Z h1 @6 B
Z B/
WHOF.
F6 , : / Q23B / ƒ 9k • bM
EPAL B , . E
?
\6 2I. 8
B a E L L-
8 . IAB Q
Ebrahimi et al, 2008
,
N 9/
> .
>ER 8 <
'()* + 7% &
8 ; 2 ( 9
pH (1:2) EC (1:2)
OC C/N
N P
C M
K\ B
•B
‰
dS m-1
K
Total (mg kg-1)
ˆ
%O T
OT
%+O P
%O
%T$
O
%P OO PT
+ P
%T PO&
%ˆ '
%^ 6 + X J 7. 8 9: D: YB C:- W ?.
Z B/
O TO B Z fI JB 12" /
GA 212 12" . K
D1
456 7. 8 9: YB C:- W ?. X J 7. 8
,
Z B/
TO Z B/ / 1 / O
C
† ] B . K
Z 456 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9: 7 `"
C - ./ 01 12" . ? - k D
F
GA K
, [ \ . ŠZ B/
7. 8 9: YB
B [ \ C:- W ?. X J .
C
† ] B
~ S /
9 B 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9: 7 `" K Z
?. 456 gJ B .
. C . .
? B d 12"
ŠZ B/ [ \ . 212 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9:
12" 456 7. 8 - ./ 01
D r F 7. 8 2e 9:
7 `" 456 7. 8 9: ?. 456 B
7L C
- ./ 01 12" ? . D
F H IJB
1 . 212
N
Z ? 1 ; K ?.
B
456 7. 8 9: Z \2B Z C . V
01 12"
- ./
D F GA K
, Z B/
+ POO 'POO
?. R )2" "
&
P
%' '&
%T +
%I2B 212 12" U I2 . U GA
K ,
Z B/
+ POO 'POO
?. R )2" "
T ˆ
%T T+
%T
%I2B . U I2 . U
? B M
; 22<" -
GA GA ?. B \2 K
. K
? BM C
. ? - k
ˆ
$ - ./ 01 12"
D
212 12" ?2` M F
?.
B d
C Z .
R -M B Z 2 2:
B J.
B >5k „R . N
/ -M
? 2 [
\6 . 9:
@B B
0C UT( @& I '= ? ./ 0 1 2 3 4 .
V OG Q@ 8 )+ I( 8 9P
456 7. 8 9: 1 [ \ . 01 2q}"
B
\ " 72- ?. "
D I2 ?. Z B/ ^ S ZM D
i:2 L2B
. L M ?. ?6 " . Z .
?.
d
B
•LI01 72L " Z 2B C 9: . \I -M
?.
•LI01 y
; . • A . -M
i2:I
B U 2 2B -M C M 2:
U R IK 7 | / L Z "
: Z B/ 5 . 456 7. 8 9: [
Larsen and
Wilson
,
1970W \ B
N
?. 2" aM 72L " -M Z \2B
O
[ K
B
9: / 6 ?. 8 k
/ " I. / 72L "
N 2" aM [
@] B
pH
?.
72- 2- "
2 -M
@B
(McGeorge,
1945)
; 9: ; `2 " E -M
Sharif et al, 1974
,E
Z 2 M 2- " \2
Z . ZM . 8 ? 2 -M
456 ; 9:
; s • A
(Lopes –
Hernandez et al, 1986)
U\2 LB / iFB 2:.
B qpB
2e 9: . / . -M
W \ 456 7. 8
N 9/
W % K I ./ 0 1 2 3 4 . 8 )+ OG Q@ 8 <
UT(
9P
456 7. 8 9:
(mg kg-1) GA
K K GA (mg kg-1)456 7. 8 9: 1
212 12" H IJB 12" 01 12" 212 12" H IJB 12" 01 12"
Z B/
/, /, Z B/ /, Z B/ /, Z B/ /, Z B/ /, Z B/
K 7`"
TO 9K K 7`"
TO 9K K 7`"
TO 9K K 7`"
TO 9K K 7`"
TO 9K K 7`"
TO 9K
1
%PO '
‰ +P%$ +T% & O%OO 'O%T+ 'O%T+ ‰+'%T+ &%T& '%PT % $ %ˆ+ % P%'' &%P' O%&T ‰ ˆ%ˆ ˆ%O' '%'+
%O'
+ ' % T T+%P& O%O '%Pˆ &%T& ‰+% P $%'$ ˆ%P' $%'' O%T& $%ˆ' ‰ $% ˆ &%P' T%' ‰Tˆ%$O ˆ%OP O%$
%'
'$ ''%OP T'%T& $%'P P% T $%P+ ‰TP%P' O%' %&ˆ +%ˆ' %$ P%ˆT ‰'&%'ˆ % P T% $ ‰T'%+& $% %$ˆ '
&
T% +P% + +&% T ‰'% P ''%P ' %T& ‰$P%ˆO ' % $ ˆ% & &%O& ˆ%TO 'O% T ‰PT%&O '+%T' O%$ ‰'$%P T%T' $%+ +
%TO
& P%$& &%ˆ ‰'ˆ%OP %Pˆ P%T+ ‰ˆˆ%TP P% & &% ˆ +%$P '%& $%T ‰+ %ˆ+ P % & ‰ %OT '%ˆˆ %'$ T
% +
P 'P%&ˆ TO% +% ' +%$' $%& ‰ T%+O ˆ% O +%&O '%+ % & ˆ%ˆ& '%T$ O%O& O%$+ ‰ P%$O %$T &%Tˆ P
&
++% ' %& T&%ˆT 'O% & $%P$ + % + +O% & T%' T%T& '+%++ %Oˆ ''%PP +$%Oˆ P%P$ ' % ' +O%'ˆ %+ O%$ ˆ
% ˆ
& %ˆT ' % P P%ˆ O%$O $%'$ ''% & '%&T O%& 'P%' '% ' O%ˆˆ + %&$ +%P' T%PP 'T%ˆ' O%ˆ' P%P& $
• A 12" . 456 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2
1 Fj fI JB
D 7L
B M Z 1
? ?
X J 7. 8 9: ; 22<" - gJ B D1
?. B w
fI JB 12" - C CL2-
B Z " 9 B 12" Z V
212
- \ Z B/ . 456 7. 8 9:
Biswas and Ghoshi
,
1988[ \ . 2I8 ^ - = B
? ] 9: / . Z 2 . B Z B/
[
- ./ 01 12" ? - k C
D
? F
F "
` - \ E
. ?LI.
456 7. 8 9: Z B/ 5
2a @K
(mgkg-1)4567.89:
Z B/
R ,
'()* + X
4567.89:(mgkg-1)
Z B/
R ,
(mgkg-14567.89:
Z B/
R ,
4567.89:(mgkg-1
Z B/
R ,
(mgkg-14567.89:
Z B/
R ,
(mgkg-14567.89:
Z B/
R , (mgkg-1)4567.89:
Z B/
R ,
'()* + X
4567.89:(mgkg-1)
Z B/
R ,
4567.89:(mgkg-1
Z B/
R ,
0C L
;D 8 ./ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ( Y
UT( OG Q@ 8 )+ I( 8 @& N)Z 9P
\ 01 2q}"
. ?.
9: 1
B
?. "
\ " 72- D
I2 ?. Z B/ ^ S ZM D
i:2 L2B
. L M ?. ?6 " . Z .
?.
d
B B Z "
•LI01 72L "
?. 9: . \I -M y
•LI01
; . • A -M
2: i2:I
. 8 9: [ U R IK 7 | / L U 2 2B -M C M 7
: Z B/ 5 . 456
Ik B C2 :J D
? \ "
)2 "
^ I3B -M E
-M 2 8 B
E
^ I3B
B [ \ .
Ress et al, 2001
, )2 " C
B I2 ?. 9: 1 [ \ "
D
. 2 M \ 6
Z Z LB ; 9: "
[ a E456
456 • A N
; . U 2 2B -M C M 2:
E
Z . •LI01 C M
qpB i2:I U 2 2B -M
.
> S /
• A 456 . -M 2
456
; s 9 B . YB [ \ „R . B
c B [ \ 2 M
Havlin et al, 1999
, C . Z \
-M B M
; 9: 4 72L "
^ I3B i2:I
i
B ^ I3B
12" 9: . / .
?. H IJB B .
. )IAB C "
72- C2 h1
Z B/ 456 7. 8 9: [ \ 12" | S
01 B
q . -M 9: " Z /M IR ?. Z "
\ "
D 01 :
Laboski and Lamb
,
2003Z
. k
2 1 9:
. Z B/
<"
22
1 w - k
? 9 / 2
1 2 1
9:
. Z B/
[ a2
) ] C2 2B g2J "
[ C21J" A
`" B L2 2 ^ B D
`" B E 9K D
`" B E^
D E _ - EU
9 " c. " E L2- . a Zb 29 f2K " .
<" =2 2 2
^ 6 456 7. 8 9: ; 2 T
B M
N 9/
L
\ ]
^ Q_
(r2) 8 T :@
W Q (SEE) N9@
8 <
>C 6 ( OG Q@
" c. " Zb 29
L2- . a _ - U D`" B ^ D`" B 9K D`" B
SEE R2 SEE R2 SEE R2 SEE R2 SEE R2 SEE R2
12" GA 9:
&O
O
%O
%T' O
%&& O
%T O
%& O
%T' '
%' O
%&&
%Oˆ O
%TO
%O O
%TO 01 '
%
O
%+P
%Pˆ O
%&
%'+ O
%+' $
%$+
%OO '
%O& O
%O
%&+ O
%O H IJB TO
%
O
%PT
%ˆ O
%Tˆ
%T O
%P $
%$'
%OO
%&& O
%+ '
%Oˆ O
%+ˆ 212
‹
ˆT
%
O
%T$
%P& O
%+$
%+P O
%Tˆ '
%Pˆ O
%&&
%$T O
%+O
%&T O
%+O 01
%
O
%+&
%' O
%'$
%O O
%+ˆ $
%Pˆ
%OO
%+ˆ O
%ˆ
%T& O
%ˆ H IJB
%
+
' O
%T& '
%P+ O
%T '
%T O
%Tˆ &P+
%$ˆ
%OO +
%P O
%+ +
%OO O
%+T 212
‹
A g2J " ) ] V ?. ?6 " .
?. EC21J"
B d - @B
D
`" B D F6 ?- @B C F. U
GA 456 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 f2K "
K - ./ 01 12" ?
D F 212
H IJB
?- @B C2 a 72- ?.
g2J " ) ] Z .
:2 ) B
Novak and Adriano
,
1975^ B Fj
B/M ; 9: L2 2 [ f2K " . L2 LB
?.
- @B ? 2 ? 2 C
D
`" B R D . U
F. W/ . [ B/M
Griffin and Jurinak
,
1973W/ . . ?@- AB ; 9: . 2:I [ =2 2
O Y28 D
- @B = / [ ^
D R
`" B D
9 U
Samadi and Gills
,
1999+
2- . e ^ 1 / 2I8 L M
9: ; 22<"
? ]
?.
E y 2q}" 3"
. E
ZM
*R 9: [ ? 2
2 .
.
i ; .
C:- W ,
- @B = / Z B/ . D
L2 2
`" B D B 2a U
Helfferich
,
1983B Fƒ
[
^ 3" ? a
N
CL1B : 2 Ja
. - @B = D
`" B D f2K " \2 U
7L ' . 456 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 {
- @B D
`" B D U ˆ
B Z Z 1
?
gJ B ? E
GA
12" K
- ./ 01 D
12" / 2. Q )2 F 212
Q )2 U F9B ,
a^ B
; 9 B fI JB
- @B D
`" B D U H `" 456 7. 8 9: YB •LR .
a; `R ?.
E
•LR Z 2.
aN 9: 7 `" R
456 7. 8 9: ?. 456 7. 8 2e 01 12"
,
7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9:
456 12"
212 , C . . E B Q )2 ?. ?6 " .
? 2 Z "
7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9: 7 `" R ? 2e 9: 7 `" R / 2. 212 12" 456
- ./ 01 12" 456 7. 8 9: ?. 456 7. 8 D
F
^ 6 P
; @- AB V
y C2. :`1
. q . - @B R
D
`" B D
B Z U
.
0C L
8 > a=6@ '()* + ./ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (
`
N 9/
[
>ER W >b = < \ ]. )+ I( 8 c 7= @ 7% :@ 'B ( ' d 8 <
UT( 8 9P
?- @B R . q ,a
01 H IJB 212
‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹
y OP+
O%
‰ ns ‰O%Oˆ' ns ‰O%' ns ‰O%'TOns ‰O%+ ˆt ‰O% ˆPns { '$+t
O%
‰ ‰O%T++tt ‰O%'$Tt ‰O%ˆ Ptt ‰O%PO+tt ‰O%T t I2 + 't
O%
‰ ‰O%+O$t ‰O%+&+tt ‰O%+ˆ t ‰O%P& tt ‰O%+ˆ't ^ @B i2:I ; . ++$t
O%
‰ O%OO& ns O%OO$ns O%O Ons ‰O%' + ns ‰O% POns -M C.
P 'tt
O% O%TˆTtt O%+P$t O%' ns O%++&t O%+$ t 2" ^ `" [
$9P 5 UT( ! `
R2 = 0.9989 R2 = 0.997
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time(hrs)
T/Y
$9P UT( ! `
R2 = 0.9888
R2 = 0.9998
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time(hrs)
T/Y
$9P 5 UT( !
R2 = 0.9997 R2 = 0.992
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time(hrs)
T/Y
$9P UT( !
R2 = 0.9995 R2 = 0.991
0 50 100 150 200 250
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time(hrs)
T/Y
D1
GA 12"
C2. DA. K
- @B R . q D
`" B D U
?. ^ @B i2:I ; . .
@B ; K
B B 9 B
; `R ?.
E .
?. 456 7. 8 9: 7 `" R ^ @B i2:I ; . [ \ 2e 9:
2e 9: 212 12" 456 7. 8 7. 8
456 - ./ 01 12" 456 7. 8 9: ?.
D F
B [ \ .
.
?. 212 12"
B d
a
i2:I ; . GA 9: 4 7xB
† 2- " ^ I3B / 6 B ; 9: . i2:I [
; 9:
a C2 j / . „R . ^ I3B i2:I
Griffin and Jurinak 1973 & 1974
,
=2 2
i . :I . 9: [
?@- AB
? 2 C ?.
B Œ 9" [ ? 2 w
3A 456 ^ [
U [ 2:I GA Q " ; 9:
M
? : /
i2:I ; 9: I.
. `B ; @- AB C2 h1
i2:I ; . . ; 9: [ ^ *3B Z 2-nk
dIe i
9:
dIe 2" aM : 2
"| .
; 9: i2:I dIe
"| . I2 i2:I
B 4 ; 9:
Lindsay et al
,
1962C2 :J \2
i2:I ; . . ; 9: i2:I B [ ^ *3B
@B ; 9: i2:I
Ie ? 8 E
8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 V fI JB 12" 456 7.
5 / •a 'POO
212 12" . Z R
GA C2 2B S ?. 456 7. 8 9: K
ˆP
&T
%'
%- ./ 01 12" . - [ K D
F + ˆ
%' P
%[ \ K B
. ) ] ?. ?6 " .
C22@"
r2
,
@B A C21J" 2 ,
SEE- @B E D
`" B D U
456 7. 8 9: ; 22<" =2 2 f2K " F6 ?- @B C F.
. D1 4 J 12"
7 `" R Z V
12" 456 7. 8 2e 9: ?. 456 7. 8 9:
9: ?. 456 7. 8 2e 9: 7 `" R / 2. 212
" 456 7. 8 - ./ 01 12
D F V C2 h1
@B 9 B :`1 Z
i2:I ; . C2.
- @B R . q . ^ @B D
`" B D fI JB 12" U
6
REFERENCESAgbenin, J. O. and Tiessen, V. (1995). Phosphorus sorption at field capacity and soil ionic strength:
kinetics and transformation. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.
J. 59, 998-1005.
Akhtar, M. and Alam, S. M. (2001). Effect of Incubation periode on phosphate sorption from two P sources. Bio. Sci. 3, 124-125.
Allen, B. L. and Mallarino, A. P. (2006). Relationships between extractable soil phosphorus and phosphorus saturation after long-term fertilizer or manure application. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70, 454- 463.
Atkinson, R. J., Hingston, F. J., Posner, A. M., and Quirk, J. P. (1970). Elovich equation for the kinetics of isotope exchange reaction at solid- liquid interfaces. Nature, 226, 148-149.
Barrow, N. J. (1979). The effects of temperature on the reactions between inorganic phosphate and soil.
J. Soil Sci. 30, 271-279.
Barrow, N. J. (1985). Reactions of anions and cations with variable-charge soils. Adv. Agron. 38, 183- 230.
Biswas, P. P. and Ghoshi, G. (1988). Themperature effect on kinetics of P availability from partially water soluble and citrate soluble P fraction on nitrophosphate in alkaline alluvial soils. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 36, 48-52. Bower, C. A., R. F.
Bowyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of
soils. Agron. J. 56, 464-465.
Carski, T. H. and Sparks, D. L. (1987). Differentiation of soil nitrogen fractions using a kinetic approach. Soil Sci. Am. J. 51, 314-317.
Dang, Y. P., Dalal, R. C., Edwards, D. G., and Tiller, K. G. (1994). Kinetics of Zinc Desorption from Vertisols. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58, 1392-1399.
Delgado, A., Madrid, A., Kassem, S., Andreu, L., and Campillo, M. C. (2002). Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids. Plant and Soil. 245, 277- 286.
Dhillon, N. S., Dhesi, T. S., and Brar, B. S. (2004).
Phosphate Sorption-desorption Characteristics of somUstifluents of Punjab. Soil Sci. Soc. India. 52, 17-22.
Ebrahimi, A. H., Pouralagebandan, H., Khazayely, Sh., Shahsavari, A., and Salehi, A. (2008). The first full reference quality organic fertilizer production, the recycling and conversion of municipal waste organization of Isfahan Municipality. 102p. (In Farsi).
Enfield, C. G. and Ellis, Jr. R. (1983). The movement of phosphorus in soil. In: Nelson et al. (Eds.), Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems. SSSA.Special Publication No. 11, Madison, WI.
Enfield, C. G., C. C. Hardin, Jr. and B. E. Beldose.
(1976). Comparison of five Kinetic models for
orthophosphate reactions in mineral soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 210, 243-249.
Griffin, R. A. and Jurinak, J. J. (1973). Kinetics of the phosphate interaction with calcite. Soil Sci. Soc.
Amer. Proc. 38, 75-79.
Griffin, R. A. and Jurinak, J. J. (1974). Kinetics of the phosphate interaction with calcite. Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. Proc. 38, 75-79.
Havlin, J. L., Westfall, D. G., and Olsen, S. R. (1985).
Mathematical models for potassium release kinetics in calcareous soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
49, 371-376.
Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L., and Nelson, W. L. (1999). Soil fertility and fertilizer an introduction to nutrient management. 6th eds., Macmillan pub. Co., New York, USA.
Helfferich, F. G. (1983). Ion exchange kinetics- Evoluation of a theory. 157-159. In: L. Liberti and F. G. Helffrich (ed.). Mass transfer and kinetics of iron exchange. Martinus Nijhoff publ., Boston.
Illmer, P. and Schinner, F. (1992). Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by microorganisms isolated from forest soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24, 389-395.
Kuo, S. and Lotse, E. G. (1972). Kinetics of phosphate adsorption by calcium carbonate and Ca- kaolinite. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 36, 725-729.
Laboski, C. A. M. and Lamb, J. A. (2003). Changes in soil test phosphorus concentration after application of manure or fertilizer. Soil Sci. Soc.
Amer. J. 67, 544-554.
Larsen, S. and Wilson, A. E. (1970). Evidence of dicalcium phosphate precipitation in a calcareous soil. J. SoilSci. 21(2), 364–367.
Leoppert, R. H. (1996). Iron. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical Methods.
SSSA. Madison, WI.
Lindsay, W. L., Frazier, A. W., and Stephenson, H. F.
(1962). Identification of reaction products from phosphate fertilizers in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
Proc. 26, 446-452.
Lopes – Hernandez, D., Siegert, G. and Rodringen, J.
V. (1986). Competitive adsorption of phosphate with malat andoxalate by tropical soils. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 50, 1460–1462.
Lopes – Hernandez, D., Siegert, G., and Rodringen, J.
V. (1986). Competitive adsorption of phosphate with malat and oxalate by tropical soils. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 50, 1460–1462.
Mansel, R. S., Selim, H. M., and Fiskell, J. G. A.
(1977). Simulated transformations and transport of phosphorus in soil. Soil Sci. 124, 102-109.
Mc George, W. T. (1945). Factors influencing the availability of native soil phosphate and phosphate fertilizers in Arizona soils.Ariz. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 82, 295–331.
Meek, B. D., Graham, L. E., Donovan, T. J., and Mayberry, K. S. (1979). Phosphorus availability in a calcareous soil after high loading rates of animal manure. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 43, 741- 744.
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In:
Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical Methods. SSSA. Madison, WI.
Novak, L. T. and D. C. Adriano (1975). Phosphorus movement in soils: soil-orthophosphate reaction kinetics. J. Environ. Qual. 4, 261-266.
Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. N., Watanabe, F. S., and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate.
USDA Circular 939. U. S. Government printing office, Washington, DC.
Parsafar, G. A., Najafi, B., and Alavi, S. (1995).
“Investigation of some thermophysical properties and regularities of dense fluids using a simple equation of state” Second Iranian seminar of Physical Chemistry, Isfahan, Iran August. (In Farsi).
Ress, R. M., Ball, B. C., Campbell, C. D., and Watson, C. A. (2001). Sustainable management of soil organic matter. British society of soil science.
CAB pub.
Rhoades, J. D. (1982). Soluble salts. P.167-179. In:
A.L. page(ed.). Method of soil analysis. Part2.
Chemical and microbiological properties.
Agronomy monograph no. 9. 2ed. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.
Samadi, A. and Gills, R. J. (1999). Phosphorus transformations and their relationships with calcareous soil properties of Southern Western Australia. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 63, 809-815.
Sanyal, S. K. and Dedatta, S. K. (1991). Chemistry of phosphorus transformation in soil. Adv. Soil Sci.
16, 2-21.
Sharif, M. F. M., Choudhary, and Lortho, A. G. (1974).
Supperssion of super phosphate – phosphorus fixation by farmyard manure. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.
20(4), 395 – 401.
Sharif, M. F. M., Choudhary, and Lortho, A. G. (1974).
Supperssion of super phosphate – phosphorus fixation by farm yard manure. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 20(4), 395 – 401.
Sparks, D. L. (1986). Kinetics of reaction in pure and in mixed systems. In:Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Soil Physical Chemistry. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Sumner, M. E. and W. P. Miller. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficient.
In:Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical Methods. SSSA. Madison, WI.