ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﺑور مد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ
) Alopecurus
textilis Boiss.
(
هداز ﯽﻘﺗ ﻪﻧازﺮﻓ
*
1
يﺮﻤﻌﻣ يﺪﻬﻣ ، ،2
ﯽﮑﻟﺎﺧ ﯽﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ
3
-1 ،يراﺪﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا
-2 ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا
-3 ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يراﺪﻌﺗﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ
:هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر
) ( EM
ﺮﺑ و ﺪﺷر تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
رﺬﺑ ﯽﻧز
Alopecurus textlis
ﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽ
ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا حﻮﻄﺳ و ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ4 ﺰﯾر و
ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﺻرد ود و ﮏﯾ ﺢﻄﺳ ود رد
.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ لﺎﻤﻋا ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ د ﺖﻋﺎﺳ24
نور ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ و1 ﺪﺻرد2 ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ .
عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ هد
زا ﭙﯿﻫ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻮ
ﻢﯾﺪﺳﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐ ،ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ ﺮﻫ رد ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺪﺻرد 20
دﺪﻋ25 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺬﺑ
A.
textilis
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ هرود ﻪﮑﻨﯾا هزاﺪﻧا و ﯽﻧز
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ مﺎﻤﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
و ﯽﻧز
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺸﯾور مد
ﯽﻫﺎﺑور ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ، ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻟآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ،ﯽﻧز
ﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﯽﻧز ﻪﭽ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ و
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ،ﻪﭼ
و ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﻪﭼ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﯽﻧز
لﺎﻤﺘ
%1 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺷ راد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣرد . ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا
ﺮﺗ نزو تﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ،ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
ﯽﻧز و
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻟآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يراد
ﺪﺸﻧ . ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ار
ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ودEM
هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺸﯾور تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يور
A. textilis
.ﺖﺷاد
:يﺪﯿﻠﮐ تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،ﺪﺷر تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ
ﯽﻧز ﻮﻣﺰﯾر ، ﺟ تادﻮ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ
،
Alopecurus textilis
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ :
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ناﺮﯾا رد يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا
ﺶﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ كﺎﺧ
و ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ماد ﺮﯾﺎﺸﻋ و
،نﺎﯿﯾﺎﺘﺳور ﻧادﺮﮔزﺎﺑ
نﺪ ناﻮﺗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ
ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ زا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ياﺮﺟا ژوﺮﭘ ه يﺎﻫ حﻼﺻا و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ بﺎﻨﺘﺟا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ تﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ .ﺖﺳا يرﺎﮐرﺬﺑ
رد ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾﺎﺑ و ﯽﻟﻮﺻا
ﺢﯿﺤﺻ يرﺎﮐرﺬﺑ .دﻮﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺢﯿﺤﺻ
زا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا رﺬﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا هﺎﯿﮔ ار ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ .دﻮﺷ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﯽﻧز ﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا
هﺎﯿﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺳﺎﺴﺣ هرود
ﺪﺷر هﺎﯿﮔ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يرﺎﮐرﺬﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻮﺷ د
( Moghadam, 2000)
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ .
زا ﯽﻧز
و ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ سﺎﺴﺣ
رد يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ و نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ نﺪﺷ ﺰﺒﺳ
دور
et al., 1994) (Devilliers1
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ. ﯽﻧز زا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و ﺖﯿﻤﻫا يدﺎﯾز رد ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣاو دراد
و
ﺐﻠﻏا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
،ﺎﻣد ﯽﺘﺣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻪﮐ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
،ﺖﺳا دوﺪﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ )دﻮﺷ
Jordan2 et al., 1989
.(
ﻦﯾا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ رﻮﻬﻇ ﻪﺸﯾر -
ﻪﭼ و ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﭼ و ﻞﯾﻮﻃ نﺪﺷ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺺﯿﺼﺨﺗ و داﻮﻣ
اﺬﻏ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﯽﯾ ﻪﺑ
رﻮﺤﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﻨﺟ زﺎﻏآ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﯿﻤﯿﺣر) (1370
.
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ زا
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ تراﺮﺣ
،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﯽﻧز ار ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ راﺮﻗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد ) ،يداﺮﻤﻫﺎﺷ و ﯽﮑﭼﻮﮐ .(1375
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا
شور ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ ﯽﮑﯾ
زا شور يﺎﻫ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ رﺬﺑ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ رﺬﺑ رد ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
(Basra3et al.,
1-Devilliers 2-Jordan 3-Basra
2004)
رد .
ﯽﻣ هداد هزﺎﺟا رﺬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ دﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ بﺬﺟ بآ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ
لﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ) ﯽﻧز نﺪﺷ
ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ( ﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﯾر ﺎﻣا ،دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻤﻧ جرﺎﺧ ﻪﭼ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ
رد ﯽﻣ ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺷﻮﻨﺑآ مود ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ،شور ﻦﯾا ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﻧور
ﯽﻤﻧ ﯽﺷﻮﻨﺑآ مﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ دراو .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺪﻌﺑ زا ﯽﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ،ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ و هﺮﯿﺧذ (ﺪﻫﺎﺷ) رﺎﻤﯿﺗ نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ و ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ )ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
Mcdonald1, 1999 .(
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ار
ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز دراد و ﻦﯾا ﺮﻣا رد
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﻪﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻦﮕﻤﻫﺎﻧ و ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) (Cerabolini2, 2004
.
اﺬﻟ ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ زا رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز روﺬﺑ رد ﯽﻃ
ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻠﻫا يزﺎﺳ و هﺎﯿﮔ ﺄﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣﻮﺑ ﯽﺸﺣو ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ
ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ يرﺬﺑ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ
و يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ
ﯽﻣ يروﺮﺿ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
) (Kharkwal3, 2002
شور .
ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﺋﺰﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ
Bradford
)4
و (1986
5 Khan
) (1992
هﺪﺷ ﺢﯾﺮﺸﺗ ﺪﻧا
رد ﺎﯾ و (ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘورﺪﯿﻫ) بآ رد ﻪﻧاد نﺪﻧﺎﺴﯿﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ
زا يﺰﻤﺳا ﯽﻠﭘ ،لﻮﺘﯿﻧﺎﻣ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ
ﺎﯾ و لﻮﮑﯿﻠﮔ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا
ﻣز هرود ﮏﯾ ياﺮﺑ (ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘﻮﻤﺳا) ﺪﯾاﺮﻠﮐ ﻢﯾﺪﺳ ﺎ
و ﻦﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ و ﻦﺘﺴﺷ نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧاد ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﺑ و هدﺎﺳ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﯾ ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧاد ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و يﺰﻤﺳا ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ رد ﺎﻫ و ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ،تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ از
ﯽﻣ ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﯾر ﺮﺘﻌﯾﺮﺳ رﻮﻬﻇ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺎﻫ
يﻮﻗ دﻮﺷ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑوﺮﺗدوز ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺗدوز ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ،ﺮﺗ
) Kaur6,
2006 .(
ﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر زا ﻪﻌﻟ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز
A. textlis
.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر
ﺪﯿﻔﻣ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺪﯿﺳا يﺎﻫ
و ﮏﯿﺘﮐﻻ ﺖﺴﯿﻣﻮﻨﺘﮐا يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ
ﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ ،ﺎﻫ و
ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا هﺪﻧز تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
يﺎﻫ
يﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
) Higa and Wididana7, 1991
.(
ﻦﯾا ﺪﺷر ،كﺎﺧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يور تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،هﺎﯿﮔ
و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﺛﻮﻣ نآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
و ﯽﻣ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
) Chirino et al8., 1993
ر .(
هوﻼﻋ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾ ﺮﺑ
ﺖﯿﺒﺜﺗ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ اﻮﻫ و لدﺎﻌﺘﻣ ندﺮﮐ
بﺬﺟ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﯽﻠﺻا فﺮﺼﻣﺮﭘ و يﺬﻐﻣﺰﯾر درﻮﻣ
زﺎﯿﻧ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺰﺘﻨﺳ و ﺢﺷﺮﺗ داﻮﻣ كﺮﺤﻣ ﺪﺷر هﺎﯿﮔ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺢﺷﺮﺗ
يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ﻪﻨﯿﻣآ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ و عاﻮﻧا ﯽﺘﻧآ ﮏﯿﺗﻮﯿﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﺷر و ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺸﯾر و ماﺪﻧا ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ هﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ تﻼﯿﻤﯿﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ماﺪﻧا ﯽﻣ هﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ
) Han and Lee9, 2006 .(
Alopecurus textlis
هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
Poaceae
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺪﻨﭼ هﺎﯿﮔ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ياراد ﯽﻔﻠﻋ
موﺰﯾر ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻦﯾذآ ﻞﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا راد
ﯽﻣ ﻢﺘﺧ لﻮﮑﯿﻧﺎﭘ نﺎﺘﺴﻫﻮﮐ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا هﺎﮕﺸﯾور .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻓﺮﺑ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ترﻮﺻ يراﻮﺷد ،ﺪﯾﺪﺷ يﺎﻣﺮﺳ رد ندﻮﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟ را ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا .دﺮﯿﮔ
آ ندﻮﺑ كارﻮﺨﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ و ماد ياﺮﺑ ن
ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺮﯿﺧذ ﮏﯾ ه
ﯽﻣ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﯽﻧز
حﺮﻃ رد هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ناﻮﺘﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ترﻮﺻ رد ﺎﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﻦﯾا ﯽﺸﯾور ﯾا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮑﻌﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ ار ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﻦ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ و دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻣآ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ .ﺪﯿﺸﺨﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار نآ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز
:شور و داﻮﻣ
1-Mcdonald 2- Cerabolini 3- Kharkwal 4- Bradford 5- Khan 6- Kaur
7- Higa& Wididana 8- Chirino
9- Han&Lee
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر
)
EM1
( ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺑ رﺬﺑ ﯽﻧز
Alopecurus
textlis
.ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا
اﺪﺟ رورﺎﺑﺎﻧ و هﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ زا ﺖﺷرد ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺲﭙﺳ .
ﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و رﺬﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ4 يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ يور
و ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ :ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا حﻮﻄﺳ
ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺰﯾر و (رﺎﻤﯿﺗ نوﺪﺑ) ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ود رد
و 1 د2 ﺪﺻر .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯾﺪﺳ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 5
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺲﭙﺳ و
ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ
. رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ لﺎﻤﻋا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑEM
تﺪﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 24
يﺎﻫ و1 و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﺻرد 2 ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ .
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺪﺳﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐﺮﭙﯿﻫ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ را هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺪﺻرد 20
ﻦﻤﺗاو ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻪﯾﻻ ﮏﯾ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ ﻞﺧاد ﺖﺸﮐ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ
،ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ ﺮﻫ رد ﺲﭙﺳ . دﺪﻋ25
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺬﺑ
A. textilis
.ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هرود لﻮﻃ رد ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻪﮕﻧ بﻮﻃﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﭘ فوﺮﻇ هراﻮﻤﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﺶﯾﺪﯾﺮﺘﭘ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ هزاﺪﻧا ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ زور ود ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺸﯾر رﻮﻬﻇ زا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﭼ
هزاﺪﻧا و ﺎﻫ يﺮﯿﮔ
-
ﺪﺷ عوﺮﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ .ﺪﻧ
شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻦﯿﺘﺴﺨﻧ مود زور زا
.ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻧازور ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ
ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻧز
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﯽﻧز
هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ و يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻟآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﯽﻧز .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ زا ﻂﺑاور ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﯾز
) Maguirw2,1962., ISTA3,2005
هداد يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﻣادا رد .(
ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻓﺮﻄﮑﯾ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ نﻮﻣزآ
ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﮑﻧاد يا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا
SPSS
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
GP ꞊∑(Ni/Ti) × 100
VG ꞊∑(Ni/Di) × 100
ﻪﭼﻪﺸﯾر ﮏﺸﺧنزوﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ
ﻪﭼ ﮏﺸﺧنزوﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ
=
ﮏﯾﺮﺘﻣﻮﻟآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ
=
(ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔﺮﺗنزو ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔﺮﺗنزوﮏﺸﺧنزو)× 100ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد
× ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ) لﻮﻃ ﻪﺸﯾر ﻪﭼ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ + لﻮﻃ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ (ﻪﭼ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ= ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ :
ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو هداد ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ داد رﺎﻤﯿﺗﺮﺛا ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر يور
ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ ،ﻪﭼ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟﺪﺻرد ،ﻪﭼ ،رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﯽﻧز
ﻄﺳرد ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺢ
ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا
%1 ﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﻨ
دﻮﺟو يراد دراد
لوﺪﺟ) .(1
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ :1 ﯽﻧز
A. textilis
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ df
لﻮﻃ
ﻪﺸﯾر ﻪﭼ
) (cm لﻮﻃ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﭼ
) (cm نزو ﺮﺗ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
) (mg نزو ﮏﺸﺧ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ) (mg ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز
داﺪﻌﺗ) (زور رد ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻟآ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
10- Effective Microorganisms 1- Maguirw
2- ISTA
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ 2 14**
/ 2076 509**
/ 273 15ns
/ 583 91ns
/ 518 513ns
/ 0 66**
/ 333 86870000**
044ns
/ 0 49**
/ 657
يﺎﻄﺧ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ 9
11 / 633 68 / 264 89 / 861 44 / 245 /774 0 56 / 222 42 / 852 /116
0 /94 9
ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐﺪﻫد ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رد ﻪﭼ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺻرد ودEM
ﻞﮑﺷ) (1 . ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐو رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ) دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ و ﺪﺻرد ودEM
.(2 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻧز
ﺰﯿﻧ رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺻرد ود EM
رد رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ .(4 ﻞﮑﺷ) دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ود و ﮏﯾ EM
.(3
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ رد راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺖﺳا ﺪﺻرد ﮏﯾEM
.(5
ﻪﭼﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ :2 ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﭼﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ :1 ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ :3
ﻞﮑﺷ : 4 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ
ﯽﻧز
b c a
0 2040 6080 100 120140
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ 1 2
EM
ﻪﭼ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ)mm(
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ a
b
a
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ 1 2
EM
ﻪﭼ ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ)mm(
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
b b
a
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ 1 2
EM
رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
b b
a
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ 1 2
EM
ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد(%)
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ :5ﻞﮑﺷ
:ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﮐ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ) ﻪﭼ
/3 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ129 ﺮﺘﻣ ( و ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ) ﻪﭼ
/12 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ59 ﺮﺘﻣ ( رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
EM
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺻرد ود ﻪﭼ
ﻪﺸﯾر و رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﭼ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﮏﯾEM
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد
-
) ﯽﻧز /5 ﺪﺻرد93 ( و ) رﺬﺑ ﻪﯿﻨﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 17691
( ﺰﯿﻧ رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺪﺻرد ودEM
ﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻟو . ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ
) ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ /94
( 84 رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﮏﯾEM
ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ودEM
يور تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﺷر
A. textlis
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هدﻮﺑ
.ﺖﺳا ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐﺪﻫد د ودEM
ر ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يور يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﺻ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻧز
A.textlis
ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣﺰﯾر .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻧز
A. textlis
.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ
رﺎﮐ نﺎﯿﺒﻟﺎﻃﻮﺑا )
(،2005 ﻪﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺰﺒﺳ نﺪﺷ و
ﺪﺻرد ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺰﺒﺳ نﺪﺷ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ار رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ مﺎﻗرا مﺪﻨﮔ ﻢﯾاﺮﭘ هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .دراد
1ﭗﻨﺳا و
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ )
( 2008 نﺎﯿﺑ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز رد ﻪﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
،شﺎﻣ ) لدﺮﺧ
Sinapis arvensis
،(
و يار ساﺮﮔ )، ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺪﻨﭼ
Lolium prenne
ﻢﯾاﺮﭘ (
،هﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ ﺪﺻرد50 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ،8 و 6 ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ9 ﺮﺗ
خر .داد رد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
2ﯽﺑود و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ
) نﺎﺸﻧ (2006 داد ﻪﮐ رﺬﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﻤﯾاﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ
چرﺎﻗ
Trichoderma viride
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺷر ﻪﺸﯾر و ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ ماﺪﻧا دﻮﺨﻧ
ار ﻪﺑ لﺎﺒﻧد ير .ﺖﺷاد و3
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) نﺎﯿﺑ (2001 ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ لﻮﻃ ﻪﺸﯾر و
،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ نزو و ﺢﻄﺳ گﺮﺑ رد رﻮﻀﺣ چرﺎﻗ
Piriformospora indica
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻣ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
ﺖﮐﻮﺷ و4
) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ (2006
ﺪﺻرد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﻏور
نادﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ار
رد ﺢﯿﻘﻠﺗ رﺬﺑ ﺎﺑ ) ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﻮﺗزا يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ /35
و (ﺪﺻرد 30 سﺎﻧﻮﻣودﻮﺳ
) /27 (ﺪﺻرد27 ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ .
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷر تﺎﯿﺻﻮﯿﺼﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺰﯾر دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻠﮐرﻮﻃ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ و ﯽﻧز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
A. textlis
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .دﻮﺷ ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺑ يور ﺮﺑ هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺻرد
ﺬ ،هﺎﯿﮔ ﻦﯾا رو
حﺮﻃ رد هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ار روﺬﺑ ،ﺖﺸﮐ زا ﻞﺒﻗ يرﺎﮑﻌﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺢﯿﻘﻠﺗ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺎﺗ دﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ :
1- Adam, N. R., D. A. Diering, T. A. Coffelt and M. J. Wintermeyer. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination early growth of two Lesquerella species. Industrial Crops and Products. 25:24-33.
1- Snap 2- Dubey 3-Rai 4- Shaukat
b
a ab
70 75 80 85 90
ﺪﻫﺎﺷ 1 2
ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ EM
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
2- Bradford K. J. 1986. Manipulation of seed water relation via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress condition. Hortscience. 21: 1105-1112.
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conservation of endangered species from the Italian Alps: Physopleis comosa and Primula glaucescens. Biological Conservation.117: 351-356.
5- Chirino, E., Vilagrosa, A., Cortina, J., Valdecantos, A., Fuentes, D., Trubat, R., Luis, V. C., Puértolas, J., Bautista, S., Baeza, J., Peñuelas, J. L., and Vallejo, V. R. 2008. Ecological restoration in degraded drylands: the need to improve the seedling quality and site conditions in the field. In S. P. Grossberg (Ed.), Forest management, 85- 158.
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7-Dubey, S.C., Suresh, M. and Singh, B. 2006. Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporumf sp.
Ciceris, for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control, 40:118-127.
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Crops Sci. 2:176-177.
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Effect of effective micro-organisms on the growth factors of Alopecurus textilis Boiss.
Farzaneh Taghizadeh1*, Mehdi Moameri2, Masoumeh Abbasi Khalaki3 1- MSc Student in Range management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2. Assistant Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili 3-PhD Student in Range management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili *Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of effective micronutrients (EM) on the growth and germination characteristics of Alopecurus textlis seeds, a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted. The treatments included: control and EM with two levels (1 and 2%).For application of pretreatment, seeds were placed for 24 hours in EM 1 and 2% and then washed with distilled water. Before starting the experiment, seeds and petri dishes were disinfected with 20% sodium hypochlorite solution. Then, in each petri dish, 25 seeds of A. textilis were placed. In the end of germination period Allometric coefficient, velocity germination, germination percent, seed vigor index and seedling tissue water content were measured. The results showed that the effect of EM on shoot length, root length, seed vigor index, seedling tissue water content and germination percentage was significant at 1%
probability level.However, the effect of treatments on seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, germination rate and allometric coefficient was not significant.
Key words: Growth characteristics, Germination, EM, Alopecurus textilis
