CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 37
DOI TAC AN NINH THjNH Vl/CfNC BAC MY
N e'u ngay 7/12/1941 khdng quan v i h i i quan Nhat ddng loat tan cdng Ham dpi Thii Binh DUdng cua My d Tran C h i u Cang (Pearl Harbour) nhan chim hang tram t i u chien v i cac phUdng tien chien t r a n h hien dai cung khoang 3 n g i n linh thuy d i n h bp, thuy quan luc chie'n tinh nhue My dudi diy dai dUdng vung n i y , gay cii sdc manh chUa tifng cd cho gidi q u i n suf, chinh quyen v i nhan d i n My, thi 60 nam sau, n g i y 11/9/2001 chi trong vong 1 tie'ng 25 phiit (7 gid 45 - 10 gid 10) ba trong bd'n may bay My hi bpn khung bd' dung lam phUdng tien hiic do toa t h i p ddi - tru sd Trung tam ThUdng mai the gidi d New York va p h i buy mdt phan Lau Nam gdc, tru sd Bp Qud'c phdng My d Washington gay cho My cii sd'c manh thuf hai, lam chan dpng toan cau vdi sd' ngUdi hi thiet mang gap ddi so' ngUdi thiet mang d tran Tran Chau Cing.
Su that la sau hai t u i n le tim kiem chi ciiu dUdc them 6 ngUdi may man song sdt tren cac ddng dd n i t . So' ngUdi hi thiet mang Udc tinh l i tren 6.400 ngUdi cua 63 qud'c gia, trong dd, CO 300 c i n h s i t va linh ciiu h o i My dang lam nhiem vu d trung tam niy, 180 quan nhan d Lau Nam gdc, 266 h i n h khach ciing 4 phi hanh doan v i bpn khiing bd' tren 4 may bay dinh menh nay.
Thiet hai ve kinh te trong vu n i y khd cd the xac dinh dUdc, trif n g i n h hing khdng va nganh bao hiem, vi hai toa nha hi xoi sd n i y I i hai cdng trinh
Dang Thi Ha Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu My
kien tnic bieu trUng cho sii giau cd, cho sutc manh kinh te cila nen van minh cdng nghiep My, gid day chi cdn la di s i n van h o i - lich sii tren giiy td, trong di vang cua tren 200 nam tdn tai v i p h i t trien nUdc My ke tif ngay
•ban Tuyen ngdn nhan quyen My ra ddi (4/7/1789),
Ve mat chinh tri, vu khung bd ngiy 11/9/2001 da giing mpt ddn chi mang vio uy danh life lUdng quan suf bat kha chien bai v i vao lufc lUdng an ninh bat kha xam pham cua My, nhUng lai hi tan cdng ngay vio cic trung tam kinh te, chinh tri My, lim cic' nha dau tU tren the gidi khdng tin vio sii an ninh cua nen kinh te My, khien sau vu khiing bd' niy, nhieu nha diu tu tiem nang nit vd'n khdi thi trUdng chiing khoin My de d i u tU vio cic thi trUdng chufng khoin khic, cd k h i nang an toan hdn d My hay mua ving lim cua de dinh, bao toin vd'n. Do vay, vdn diu tu vao thi trUdng chufng khoin My khdng cdn r i m rd nhU xUa.
De ngan chan tinh trang niy va de chan hung thi trUdng vd'n NAFTA, ngiy 30/11/2004, My v i Canada hpp ban cich ddi phd vdi tinh trang tren v i ra tuyen bd' chung cung ddng t i m t h i n h lap ddi t i c mdi d Bic My (New Partnership of North America). Day dUdc coi l i suf ke thufa tien le hdp tic scng phUdng giiia My va Canada trudc khi NAFTA ra ddi.
d del tic mdi niy, neu khong cd
Mexico tham gia thi khd cd the ngan
cin dUdc h i n g h d i chau A v i EU xam
nhap vio thi trUdng nUdc niy rdi lan
38 SO 12-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
toa ngam sang thi trUdng NAFTA canh tranh vdi hang h o i My v i Canada. De ddi phd vdi tinh trang niy. bid ve trpn ven thi tru'dng Bae My. hdi nghi cap cac ba nUdc da dUdc nhdm hpp d bang Texas (My) ngay 23/3/2005 va ra tuyen bd' thanh lap Ddi t i c an ninh. thinh vUp'ng Bae My (Security and Prcsperity of North America - SPP). Cdn ndi dung va nguyen tac boat ddng cua SPP giao cho hdi nghi cap chuyen vien ba nu'dc scan t h i o rdi de trinh Hdi nghi thifdng dinh ba nu'dc xet duyet sau.
Tuyen bd chung nha'n manh: Chung
toi ddm bdo Bdc My van Id khu viic kinh te phdt trien ndng dgng nhdt the gidi, vdn Id ngoi nhd an todn cho cdcddn tgc chung ta (xem RLA News
ngay 16/5/2005). Ky tuyen bd' chung phia My la Tcng thd'ng G. Bush, Mexico - Tdng thd'ng V, Fox, Canada - Thu tudng P i u l Martin,
Hpi nghi cap chuyen vien dUdc nhdm hpp d Ottawa ngay 27/6/2005, Ket q u i Hpi nghi nay dUdc Trd ly Ngoai tru'dng My phu trach cic van de Tay b i n ciu - Thomas Shannon cdng bd' ngay
17/6/2005 cho biet, SPP tao cd sd de My, Canada va Mexico lien mmh hdp tic trong nhieu linh \aic tuf y te, mdi tru'dng den k h i nang canh tranh cua hang hdi, dich \ai, k h i nang an toin bien gidi cac nu'dc Bae My, tao dieu kien thuan ldi che nhan dan qua lai va h i n g hoi giao lUu hdp phip giUa cic nUdc trcng khdi SPP, Thdmas Shanndn cho rang, SPP thufc chat la lien doanh, hdp tic ba nUdc dec lap cd chu quyen cung h i n h ddng de nang cao chat lup'ng cudc sd'ng, cung cd' an ninh xa hdi va nen kinh te ciia Bae My.
Ddi t i c an ninh. thinh vu'dng Bae My (SPP) la lien minh hdp t i c tay ddi va tay ba, du'dc thief lap tren ba nguyen tac cd ban sau day:
- An toan tdi da cho cac nen kinh te Bae My.
- Tang cUdng cic bien phap an ninh ndi bd khdi.
- Duy tri kinh te ca khdi phat trien dn dinh, ben vutng trong mdi trudng canh t r a n h giiia cac khu vufc v i cic nen kinh te n g i y c i n g gia tang tren quy md toan ciu.
Do vay, SPP dUdc cci l i hinh thiic lien minh hdp t i c mdi ve ndi dung, cac hdn ve chat so vdi NAFTA, tao ra v i n h dai an t o i n mpi mat cho ca khu vufc Bae My, nang cao dUdc mufc dp tic ddng qua lai giuta ba nUdc nhd hinh thanh thd'ng nha't thi trUdng lao ddng, vat tu. h i n g h o i dich vu trong khdi.
SPP dUdc cci la quan diem mdi ve mau dich tuf do va an toan (FAST) do Sd H i i quan Canada va Sd Thue vu, Bao ve bien cUdng My de xua't. Thufc chat cua quan diem nay la mpi hang hoi. ngudi xua't nhap h i n g h o i qua bien gidi, ke ca lii xe qua lai bien gidi deu phai lam ddn xin phep q u i cinh.
NgUdi dUdc cap gia'y phep q u i cinh phii l i cdng dan b i n xuf hay kieu dan da sd'ng dn dinh d nudc mud'n xua't cinh. Lam nhu vay l i de bao dam an ninh kinh te - xa hdi cua nUdc nhap cinh. Cd le vi vay ma diln dan Tay ban c i u d Mdnterre .(Mexico) trung t u i n t h i n g 5/2005 cho r i n g , thufc chat cua SPP la n h i m muc tieu kinh te, cho'ng lai h i n g hoi, vd'n d i u tU khu vufc Chau A va EU xam nhap ngay cang nhieu vao cic nUdc Bic My. Do v^y nhutng ngudi tham gia dien dan ddng thuan r i n g , khi nao hang h o i va dich vu cic nUdc Bic My khong cdn hi canh tranh nhieu tren thi trudng the gidi, thi SPP khdng cdn chute nang tdn tai, tuf giii the.
Sau khi .hoan ta't duf t h i o t h a n h lap
SPP nhdm chuyen vien trinh hpi nghi
thUdng dinh ba nUdc xet duvet dU
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 12-2009 39
t h i o nay. Ngay 31/3/2006 tai Me.xico.
t h o i t h u a n t h a n h lap S P P dUdc c i c nguyen thii qud'c gia ba nUdc chinh thufc ky ke't - phfa My la Tdng thd'ng G. Bush; Mexico - Tong tho'ng V. Fox;
C a n a d a - la T h u t u d n g S. H a r p e r . T h o i t h u a n n a y d a t n e n mdng cho loai h i n h nha't t h e h o i mdi. cho viec xay diing r i o c i n cd h i e u q u i chd'ng lai h a n g h o i , dich vu v i t i n h t r a n g di dan lao ddng b a t hdp p h i p qua bien gidi cic nUdc, cd t h e gay nguy hiem den an n i n h k i n h te, t r a t tuf xa hdi va an n i n h qud'c p h c n g cua k h u vufc Bae My. Ba hdi nghi thUdng dinh B i c My tiep theo ( n g i y 21/1/2007 d O t t a w a ; n g i y 21-22/7/2007 d Montebello; n g i y 21-22/4/2008 d New Orlean) deu cd nhUng net c h u n g nhU sau:
- TrUdc khi dien r a hdi nghi deu cd thdng tin b i o trUdc, nhUng thong thUdng k h i tie'n h a n h hdi nghi lai khdng cd m a t c i c n h i b i o , vi vay h a u n h u khdng cd t h d n g tin gi ve npi d u n g dam p h i n . Do t h i e u t h d n g t m nen p h i t sinh ddn dai, dU l u a n cho r i n g hpi nghi duf k i e n t h i n h lap ddng tien chung B i c My kieu nhU ddng Euro.
- C i c v a n kien hdi nghi thUdng dinh deu do cic bd p h a n s a u day scan t h i o : Nhdm chuyen vien - h i m bd trUdng phu trach v a n de a n ninh, t h i n h vUdng qud'c gia mdi nUdc; Hdi ddng q u a n he ddi ngoai My (Hpi ddng n i y dUdc cci la t r u n g t i m d i u nao m a n h nha't My do gia dinh Rockefeller va gia dinh Morgan phdi hdp t h a n h lap nam 1921); Hdi ddng g i i m ddc dieu h i n h Canada dai dien che 150 cdng ty h i n g d i u Canada; Hdi ddng c i c v a n de qudc te Mexico. N g o i i ra, mdi nUdc cdn cd
"Nhdm cdng t i e " gdm c i c chuyen gia h a n g d i u mdi Knh vufc dUdc uy quyen lam nhiem vu phdi hdp giai quyet nhiing v a n de chifa dUdc ddng t h u a n d cap thUdng dinh.
S P P dupc p h i t trien thee y tudng tien h o i ciia c i c n h a thiet ke SPP, cho phep t h a y ddi va td chUc lai ket c i u h a t i n g cua ba nUdc t h a n h vien, khdng lam ket cau nay bi xam hai. Do viec lam cila cac quan chufc va cac nha doanh nghiep hi bUng bit khdng cdng khai, khien cdng chUng phat sinh hoai nghi cd van de gi dd chUa dn, nen SPP da tdn tai dUdc k h i lau ma van chUa de t r i n h Qud'c hdi c i c nUdc xem xet, phe c h u a n ndi dung tdn tai va phat trien cua S P P .
- 0 t a t c i cac hpi nghi thUdng dinh, liic d i u deu dam p h i n tay ddi, sau mdi d i m p h i n tay ba, NhUng quan he tay ba t r o n g d a m p h i n trifdc bet va chii yeu deu b i t d i u tif viec giii quyet tay ddi, sau dd mdi tay ba cac v i n de c i n g i i i quyet.
Cac q u a n he tay ba trong SPP bat d i u p h i t sinh t r u e trac vao cudi nam 2007 vi muc tieu dn dinh de p h i t trien k i n h te ben vUng cua ba nUdc hi p h i vd trUdc bet d My, nen k m h te b i n g d i u trong SPP. Vao mua He n a m 2007, d My nd ra k h u n g h o i n g thi t r u d n g tin d u n g the chap, cic quy tin d u n g the chap khdng thu hdi du'dc nd, khien cdng ty t i i trd dia d'c ldn n h a t My - Cdng ty Countryside Financial - ben bd p h i s i n ; t h i n g
1/2008 p h i i b a n cho Bank of America vdi g i i tri 4 ty USD, chi b i n g 3 1 % g i i tri sd s i c h ke t o i n luc t h i n h vifdng.
T h i n g 2/2008 t a p doan mdi gidi chdng k h o i n Bear S t e a r n s phai ban cho J P Morgan Chase (ci t r u sd tap doan n i y ) vdi g i i re nhU beo - 240 t n e u USD, chi cdn 2 USD/cd phieu so vdi 170 USD/cd phieu tru'dc mUa He nam 2007. N a n n h a n tiep theo la hai n g i n h a n g t u n h i n cho vay the chap - F a n n i e Mac va Freddie Mac - hi mat k h a n a n g chi t r i , n h i nUdc p h i i danh 200 ty USD de cufu trp v.v...
40 SO 12-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
Do vay, c i Mexico v i C a n a d a cudi n a m 2007 da c a m tha'y n e n k i n h te nUdc m i n h khd cd t h e t r i n h dUdc i n h h u d n g xau cua suy t h c i i k m h te My, s a n g n a m 2008 thi hai n e n k i n h te n i y thiic sii chiu t i c ddng x a u cua n e n k i n h te My. Trifdc t i n h h i n h nay, n g i y 28/2/2008 c i c bd trifdng p h u t r i c h v a n de p h i t t n e n S P P n h d m hpp d California quyet d i n h t r i e u t a p Hdi nghi thu'dng d i n h c i c nUdc t h i n h vien S P P vac n g i y 21-22/4/2008 d New Orland. Hdi nghi k h a n g dinh, S P P cho p h e p NAFTA d a t dUdc t h i n h tiiu bd sung, l i m t a n g d o a n h sd' budn b i n trong ndi khdi tuf n a m 1994 den n a m 2008 - Udc d a t 1.000 ty U S D , c u n g cap cho ngUdi tieu dumg c i c nUdc t h i n h vien n g i y c i n g nhieii du loai h i n g h o i va dich vu c h a t lUdng cao hdn, re tien hdn, k h u y e n k h i c h c i c cdng ty doanh n g h i e p t a n g cUdng d a u tU vao Bae My, tao r a h a n g t r i e u viec l a m mdi cho c i ba nUdc. T h i n h tiiu ndi b a t n h a t ciia S P P . theo c i c l a n h dao cua lien ket Bae My, la da tim dUdc cd che duy tri k h i n a n g c a n h t r a n h ndi trdi cua c i c nUdc Bae My t r o n g dieu kien c a n h t r a n h t o a n c i u n g i y c i n g phifc t a p hdn, bien ddng n h a n h hdn. Cdn c i c n h i b i n h l u a n k i n h te k h u vufc Bae My cho r a n g , chi mdi tdn tai k h o a n g thdi gian tUdng ddi n g a n (2006-2008) n h u n g S P P da l i m dUdc mdt viec c i m n h a n dUdc, rd n e t hdn sd vdi NAFTA. Dd la:
- N e u NAFTA cd k h i n a n g t h u hiit, ldi cud'n clifdc Ad, New Zealand, t h a m chi c i Chile ve p h i a m i n h , t h i S P P chi b e a t ddng ndi bd Bae My (mac du ve m a t ly l u a n c u n g cd k h a n a n g t h u h u t difdc mdt sd' nUdc My L a t i n h , t r o n g dd, cd Colombia ve p h i a m i n h , nhUng chi t r e n cd sd d a m p h i n song phifdng);
- S P P x i c lap r a n h gidi rd r a n g giuta h a n g boa, dich vu va ngUdi q u a c i n h
q u a bien gidi n h a m n g a n ngifa k h a n a n g da't nUdc hi de doa d h e n t r o n g lan tuf b e n ngoai, n g a n ngifa k h a n a n g n e n k i n h te t i i c h i n h va v a n boa hi x a m h a i do n a n di cU b a t hdp p h i p tuf k h u viic My L a t i n h vao B i c My, n h i m bao d a m a n n i n h lUdng thufc, mdi trUdng va c h a t lUdng cudc sd'ng cua d a n Bae My;
- S P P Cling cd' nhutng nguyen ly cd b i n cila tuf dc h d i t r e n t h i trUdng vd'n B i c My, Cdi day l i nhUng cd sd p h i p ly Uu viet n h i e u hdn se vdi cac nguyen tac va c h u a n mufc p h i p ly ciia WTO, cho phep suf d u n g hieu q u i hdn c i c ngudn n h a n lufc, vat lufc va tai lute cua k h u vufc B i c My, tao r a v i n h dai a n toan da phUdng, da ci'p cho a n n i n h k i n h te, xa hdi v i qud'c p h d n g cua Bae My;
- S P P chiu t r i c h n h i e m giai quye't xuf ly c i c v a n de a n n i n h k h u vufc Bae My, va ca nhutng v a n de l a m t h a y ddi k h i h a u t o a n c i u , khuye'n khich suf d u n g c i c n g u d n n a n g lUdng sach t h a n thien vdi mdi trUdng, td chute s i n x u a t h i n g boa thufc p h a m a n t o i n sinh hpc, c i i t h i e n c h a t lUdng cudc sd'ng cua dan Bae My ndi r i e n g va ciia t o i n t h e gidi ndi chung.
Dd l i dai cUdng ve n g u y e n n h a n ra ddi, chufc n a n g , n h i e m vu, linh vufc h e a t ddng v i h e q u a t d n t a i cua S P P t r o n g thdi gian q u a d B i c My •
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1, Dien van cua Tong tho'ng Bush sau mot nam sU kien 11/9. Tap chi Chau My Ngay nay, so 09/2002,
2. The giOi sau mot nam sU kien 11/9. Tap chi My Latinh. so 09/2002.
3, Su kien 11/9 va anh hUdng ciia no. Tap chi Chau My Ngay nay, so 03/2002
4. Sap nhap quan dao Hawai vao My. Tap chi Chau My Ngay nay, so 11/2007
5, Giai doan mdi quan he doi tac Bae My. Tap chi My Latinh, so 3/2009.
6. 'Vu khung bo kinh hoang 6 My 11/9/2001. Tap chf Chau My, so 8 va 10/2001.
