Educational Sci., 2014, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 91-99 This paper is available online at hltp://stdb.hnue.edu vn
REN LUYEN CHO SINH VIEN SU PHAM KI NANG THIET K £ BAI TAP TINH H U O N G T R O N G D A Y HOC HOC P H A N PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC SINH HOC I
Phan Thi Thanh Hoi Khoa Sinh hoc, Trudng Dai hpc Supham Hd Ndi
Tom tat. Trong day hpc, sfl dung bai tap tinh huong co the giiip HS vfla thu nhan, khac sau kien thflc, vfla ren luyen cho HS cac k! nang hoc tap nhu kT nang quan sat, kl nang hoat dpng nhom va cac thao lac tu duy logic. Muon vay, ngudi GV c k cd ki nang thiet kl va sfl dung bai tap linh huong. De lam dUdc dieu nay, ngay khi cdn la sinh vien trong cac trudng Sif pham hp can phai difpc irang bi ki nang thiel ke bai tap tinh huong. Trong bai bao nay chiing tdi de xual quy trinh ren luyen cho sinh vien nganh Sinh hpc cac trUdng Dai hpc Sif pham kT nang thiel kl biii tap linh huong thdng qua day hpc hoc phSn PhUdng phap day hpc Sinh hpc I.
Tit khda: KT nang. bai tap linh hudng
1. Mot dau
Day hpc khdng chrcung cap cho hpc .sinh (HS) cac kien thflc khoa hpc mit loiii ngfldi da tich luy dfldc, vi Ifldng kien thflc cang ngay cang nhieu mii thdi gian day hpc cd han. Vi vay, qua Irinh day hpc nhSt thilt phai ren luyen cho HS cac kl niing hoc tap, cac thao lac tfl duy logic. Mdt trong nhflng bien phap de ren luyen cac kT nang hoc tap cho HS la .sfl dung bai tap linh hudng (BTTH) trong day hoc.
De thilt k l dfldc cac biii tap tinh hudng, ngfldi GV can cd hieu bill sau sSc cac npi dung kien thflc lien quan, ddng thdi phai cd ki nang thilt ke cac linh hudng hpc tap, Vi vay, viec ren luyen cho sinh vien sfl pham cac ki nang thiet ke biii tap tinh hudng lii rkt can thilt.
0 khoa Sinh hpc - Tnfdng Dai hoc Sfl pham (DHSP). hpc phan Phfldng phap day hoc (PPDH) Sinh hpc I cd muc tieu la hinh thanh cho sinh vien cac ki niing day hoc nhfl kT nang thill k l cau hdi bai tap, ki nang thiet ke cac tinh hudng cd van de, kT nang thiel kl kl hoach biii day... Vi vay, viec ren luyen cho sinh vien ki nang thiet ke cac bai tap linh hudng thdng qua day hpc mdn hpc rkt thuan ldi. Trong bai bao niiy chiing tdi de xuat quy
Ngiiy nhiin biii: 14/4/21)1.1 Ngiiy nhin dang: 15/7/2013.
Lien he: Phan Thi Thanh lloi. e-mail: phanihanhhoi(jrgmail com
Phan Thi Thanh Hdi
trinh ren luyen cho sinh vien sfl pham kT nang thiet ke bai tap tinh huong trong day hpc hpc p h k PPDH Sinh hpc I d cac trfldng DHSP
2. Noi dung nghien ciiu
2.1. Day hoc bang bai tap finh huong/PhiTdng phap tinh huong /Day hoc bang tinh huong
2.1.1. Khai niem Day hoc bang bai t a p tinh hudng
Theo Nguyin Hflu Lam (2003), "Phfldng phap tinh hudng la mdl kT thuat day hpc trong dd cac thiinh to chu yeu cua nghien cflu linh huong dfldc trinh bay vdi nhflng ngfldi hpc vdi cac muc dich minh hpa hoac cac kinh nghiem giai quyet van d e " [3].
Theo chung tdi day hpc b^ng bai tap tinh huong la day hpc trong dd GV to chflc cho HS nghien cflu, phan tich, thao luan de tim ra cac phfldng an giiii quyet bai tap tinh huong qua dd thu nhan kiln Ihflc va dat dfldc cac muc lieu bai hoc.
2.1.2. Vai trd cua day hoc bang bai tap tinh hudng
Day hpc bang bai tap tinh hudng cd vai trd quan trpng. Cu the:
- Day hpc bdng hdi tap tinh hudng (BTTH) ndng cao tinh thUc tien cua mdn hpc, bdi vi ciic tinh hudng hpc lap difdc thilt ke x u k phat tfl nhflng tinh hudng thflc tiln hoac cac linh hudng gia dinh trong thflc lien;
- Day hpc bdng BTTH cd khd ndng ndng cao tinh chii ddng, sdng tao vd hiing thii ciia HS trong qua trinh hpc. Hpc bhng cac tinh hudng giflp HS tfl Iflc lam viec, tfl nghien cflu trifdc khi thao luan nhdm. Khi giai quylt dfldc tinh hudng dfla ra HS cdn tap Irung nghien ciiu, phat huy linh sang tao va vi vay tang sfl hflng thu trong hpc tap.
' Day hpc bdng BTTH cd khd ndng ndng cao ki ndng ldm viec nhdm, ki ndng phdn lich, long hap. gidi quyet vdn de, ki ndng trinh bay. bdo ve vd phdn bien y kien IrUdc ddm ddng. thay vi GV yeu cau HS tra ldi mdt cau hdi, HS cd the tra ldi xong va khdng hoan loan nhd va khac sau difdc kiln ihflc vi khi tra ldi HS cd the dpc ndi dung irong sach giao khoa (SGK), GV sfl dung BTTH, khi HS giai quyll BTTH cung la giai quylt vdn d l . cac em thfldng liim viec theo nhdm, cac thanh vien irong nhdm cdn phai nghien cflu ki tinh hudng, phai cd sfl phan tich tflng y kien va ddi chilu de xac dinh dung, sai, dfla ra y kien ciia minh va phai bao ve y kiln trfldc Idp.
- Thdng qua day hpc bang BTTH ngutii day cung .se tiip thu ditpc nhiiu kinh nghiem va nhung cdch nhin, gidi phdp mdi tif phia ngUdi bpc deldm phong phii bdi gidng vd diiu chinh ndi dung tinh hudng nghien ci'fu. De giai quylt cac BTTH ngfldi hpc dfla ra nhflng each thflc sang tao ma GV cd the ciing khdng nghi ra, thdng qua dd ngfldi day se dfldc hpc lfl ngfldi hpc.
Day hpc bang BTTH cdn dfldc nhieu nha nghien cflu xem nhfl lii kieu day hpc chang tdn kem gi nhflng cd y nghTa sfl pham rkt Idn vi nd sinh ddng, cu the, thflc te.
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Nhfl vay, cd the ndi day hpc bing BTTH cd the kich thich d mflc cao nh^t sfl tham gia tich cflc cua HS vao qua trinh hpc tap; phat trien cac kT nang hpc tap nhfl: kT nang tfl duy logic, dac biet la kT nang phan lich, so sanh, long hdp; kT nang giai quylt van dl, ki nang danh gia; ki nang giao tiep;... cua HS; tang cfldng kha nang suy nghi ddc lap, tinh sang tao, tilp can tinh hudng dfldi nhilu gdc dp; cho phep phat hien ra nhflng giai phap cho nhflng tinh huong phflc tap; chu ddng dieu chinh dfldc cac nhan thflc. hanh vi, kT nang cua HS. Phfldng phap nay cd the manh trong dao tao nhan thflc bac cao.
Tuy nhien, day hpc bang BTTH cung cd nhflng khd khan nhdt dinh: Vi du, de thiet ke dfldc tinh hudng tdt, kich thich dfldc tinh tich cflc cua HS ddi hdi cdn nhilu thdi gian va cdng sflc. Ddng thbi, GV can phai cd kiln thflc, kinh nghiem sau. rdng; cd kT nang kich Ihich, phdi hdp tot trong qua trinh dan dat, to chflc thao luan va giai dap de giflp HS tiep can kien thflc, ki nang. Tren thflc tl, khdng phai GV nao cung hdi du pham chdt tren. Mat khac, thdi gian giang day Iren ldp cd han cdng vdi sfl thu ddng cua HS lii mdt trd ngai trong viec ap dung phfldng phap nay.
2.1.3. Quy trinh thiet ke bai t a p tinh hudng
Theo Waterman & Stanley (2005) de thiet ke indt tinh hudng hpc tap can theo 3 bfldc sau [51:
Budc } : Xac dinh muc tieu biii hpc va can nhac cac ylu td khach quan.
BUfk- 2: Chuan bi tinh hudng; bao gdm 2 giai doan: lay y Ifldng va viei tinh huong.
Bif(')c 3: Kiem tra. chinh sfla tinh huong.
Thomas (2003) lai de xudt quy trinh soan thao mot tinh hudng iheo bdn bfldc nhfl sau I4j:
Budc J: Xac dinh chu d l : mieu la dac diem noi bat cua tinh hudng
Budc 2: Xac dinh muc lieu giang day: neu rd cac muc tieu can dat dfldc thdng qua tinh hudng.
Budc 3: Xiiy dflng ndi dung tinh huong. bao gdm:
- Mieu la bdi canh tinh hudng.
- Cung cdp dli nhflng thdng tin cdn thilt de cd the phan lich tinh hudng (Iflu y diim biio tinh bi mat cua tinh huong).
- Khdng binh luan, khdng dfla ra giiii dap. thuc bach hoc vicn suy nghi.
Budc 4: Dfla ra nhiem vu cho ngfldi hoc.
Dfla tren nghien cflu cfla Waterman & Stanley (2005) va Thomas (2003). chung tdi dc xual quy trinh thilt ke biii lap linh huong bao gdm 4 bfldc nhfl sau'
Budc I: Xac djnh muc tieu bai hpc vii ciin nhac cac yeu td khach quan.
Trfldc tien. GV cdn phai xac dinh dfldc muc tieu bai hpc. vi xet cho cung thi linh huong, du d dang thflc nao di chang nfla, ciing deu phai phuc vu mdt muc dich niio dd.
Trong giang day tinh hudng. muc lieu can dat dfldc chinh la muc tieu biii hpc. Vi thi. GV 93
Phan Thi Thanh Hdi
ludn phai dat cau hdi "0 bai hpc nay can phai dat dfldc muc tieu gi, phai cung cap clio ngfldi hpc nhflng kien thflc gi va phai ren luyen cho hp nhflng kT nang can thiet gi?" va tham chieu vao dd de thiel kl tinh hudng sao cho phu hdp.
GV cung cdn tinh den cac yeu td khach quan, vi nhflng yeu to nay cd quylt dinh trflc tilp din sfl thanh cdng cua tinh huong. Vi du: GV can phai tinh din cac ylu td nhfl:
thdi gian cho mdi tinh hudng, so ngfldi hpc, trinh dp ngfldi hpc, cd sd vat chal....
Budc 2: Phan tich npi dung bai hpc de xac dinh cac ddn vi ndi dung cd the thilt ke dfldc cac linh huong day hpc.
Trong bfldc nay GV phai xac dinh rd dfldc nhflng ddn vi kien thflc nao cd the Ihilt kl thanh tinh huong day hpc. Nhflng ndi dung cd the thiet kl tinh hudng day hpc thfldng lien quan din cac van de irong thflc tiln ma HS da gap hoac lien quan vdi kiln thflc cil HS da dfldc hpc.
Budc 3: Thiel ke tinh hudng.
a. Ldy y Ifldng
Viec ldy y tfldng cho mdl tinh huong tao liln dl quan trpng cho mdt tinh huong tdt.
Cd mot so ngudn thdng tin ma ngfldi giao vien cd the sfl dung de tao y lfldng cho linh hudng:
- Cac phfldng lien thdng tin dai chung: Day la ngudn Ihdng tin phong phu va da dang mil giao vien cd the tan dung khai thac. Sfl dung TV, dai bao, sach truyen va dac biel la internet,...
- Ngfldi hoc: Nhflng van dl, nhflng irfldng hdp khd giai quylt mdi ca nhan da tflng gap trong cudc song se trd thanh ngudn tinh hudng vd tan ma mdi giao vien cd the khai thac vii van dung mdt each thich hdp de phuc vu Idt nhat cho npi dung bai hpc.
- Kinh nghiem ban than: Trong nhflng Irfldng hdp ma khdng the tim kiem dfldc tif nhflng ngudn thdng tin ben ngoai thi kinh nghiem ban than cflng la nguon tfl lieu ma ngflbi day cd the khai thac. Tuy nhien Ihflc le chflng minh la khdng phai ai cflng cd mdt ngudn in thflc nen dii rdng de cd the thilt kl mdt linh huong cu the vii hieu quii.
b. Vilt tinh hudng
Sau khi da cd y Ifldng Ihi GV cd the bien soan llnh huong. Nhin chung, mdl tinh hudng tdi thfldng cd ba phdn: Md dau. phat trien va kit thuc. Nhiem vu cu Ihe cua tflng phdn nhfl sau:
- Md ddu: Gidi thieu tinh hudng va doi tfldng nhan thflc, bfldc dau lao lap boi canh ma nen tren dd. tinh hudng difdc dien ra.
- Phat trien: Day la phan chinh vi nd cung cap cho ngfldi hoc nhflng chi tilt vh dfl kien can thiet cho cdng viec thao luan, hinh thanh nen giai phap va cung la phan ma nhflng mau thuan, xung dot dfldc day len den dinh diem, budc ngfldi hpc phai cd sfl lfla chpn.
- Ket luan: Khac vdi mdt bai lam van, phdn kit luan trong mdt tinh huong thfldng ia mot ket thuc md vdi mpt cau hdi dfldc neu ra, yeu cau ngfldi hpc phdi giai quyet.
Budc 4: Kiem dinh tinh hudng day hpc da dfldc thilt k l .
Dfla he thdng bai tap linh hudng vao qua trinh giang day. HS cung nhau thao luan, giai quyll linh hudng. Qua dd GV danh gia dfldc hieu qua cua tinh huong da thilt kl.
* Mpt sd Iflu y khi vilt tinh hudng:
Theo Nguyen Thj Phfldng Hoa (2010) khi viet tinh hudng can Iflu y mdt sd diem sau day [IJ:
- Nen dung van phong bao chi khi viel tinh hudng (ngan gpn, sflc lich);
- Nen dung ngdn ngfl ddn nghia, rd rang, nen giai thich nhflng thuat ngfl mdi;
- Ngfldi vilt tinh hudng phai gifl vai trd trung lap, khdng dfla ra nhan xet rieng anh hfldng den ngfldi hpc;
- Cd the lam tinh huong song dpng bang each sfl dung nhflng trich dan hai bfldc.
2.1.4. Quy trinh to chiic day hoc bang BTTH
Chung tdi da nghien cflu va de xuat quy Irinh day hoc bSng BTTH nhfl sau [2]:
- GV phal phieu hpc tap cho cac nhdm HS
Phieu hoc lap phai cd in san cac bai tap tinh hudng cho cac nhdm, sau dd GV yeu cau HS nghien cflu, tfl de xuat each giai quyet bai tap tinh hudng dfla ra.
- To chflc cho HS thiio luan nhdm va giai quyll bai tap linh hudng
(3 bfldc nay giao vien ddng vai trd hfldng dan HS nghien cflu, thao luan nhdm. gdi y khi cdn thiet giflp HS tfl giai quyll linh hudng va rflt ra ket luan.
- To chflc HS thao luan loan Idp va kit luan
Cac ca nhan hay dai dien cac nhdm dfla ra nhflng y kiln, giai phap, nhflng lap luan cho nhdm minh va nhflng lap luan chdng lai cac y kien va cac giiii phap trai ngfldc (GV cdn dfla ra nhflng cau hdi hfldng ddn, cung cdp them thdng tin ho trd, kich thich de HS thiio luan thiinh cdng. GV can ghi chep lai, tdm tdt nhflng kit qua. dfla ra nhflng cau hdi chuyen hfldng muc tieu day hoc khac).
Dfldi sfl hfldng dan ciia GV, ca ldp thao luan hfldng ve mdl hay mdl viii giai phap dfldc coi la tdt nhat. GV hoac HS rut ra kit luan, chinh xac boa kiln thflc, HS lfl cung cd.
rut ra kiln thflc vii tfl hoim thien vl cac kT nang nhan thflc.
Nhfl vay, trong day hpc bdng BTTH thi BTTH ddng vai trd quan trpng, la cdng cu cho qua trinh day hpc. De thilt k l dfldc cac BTTH ngfldi day can phai hieu vii van dung dfldc quy trinh thilt k l BTTH.
2.2. KT n a n g thiet ke bai t a p tinh h u o n g 2.2.1. KTnang
KT niing lii kha nang cua mdt ngfldi hieu biet siiu sdc ve mdt hoat ddng. quy trinh thflc hien hoal ddng vii viln dung quy trinh mdt each thiinh thao de thifc hien hoai ddng dd mdt each hieu qua,
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Phan Thi Thanh Hoi 2.2.2. KI nang thiet k6 bai tap tinli Iiu6ng
La kha nang hieu biet sau sac v6 quy trinh thiet ke bai tap tinh huong va van dung mot each thanh thao quy trinh de thiet ke cac bai tap tinh hudng phuc vu cho viec day hoc.
Nhu vay, ciu triic ki nang thiet ke bai tap tinh hu5ng bao g8m:
- Hieu bi6t sau sac ve quy O-inh thiSt ke BTTH.
- Van dung quy trinh de thiet kl cac BTTH.
2.3. Ren luyen cho sinh vien sif pham kT nang thiet kc BTTH trong day hoc mon PPDH Sinh hoc I
2.3.1. Quy trinh ren luyen cho sinh vien sir pham ki nang thiet ke BTTH Budc I: Sinh vien lam quen v6i BTTH:
- Giai Ihieu cho SV khai niem BTTH, vai tro BTTH.
- Gidi thieu cho SV mot so dang BTTH.
- Yeu cau SV giai cac bai tap tinh huong da giai thieu va so bp riit ra quy trinh giai biii tap tinh huong.
Buric 2: Sinh vien tu thiet ke BTTH:
- Sinh vien thiSt kg BTTH theo nhom.
- Thao luan trudc ldp vh mot s6 BTTH cua SV thiet ke.
Bitdc 3: Xay dung quy trinh thiet ke BTTH.
- Sinh vien tu xay dung quy trinh thiet kl BTTH theo nhom.
- Thiio luan trUdc ldp dudi su hudng dan cua GV de xay dung dUOc quy trinh chuan.
Budc 4: Sinh vien thiJc himh thilt kl BTTH.
Rude 5: Danh gia cac BTTH sinh vien da thiet ke.
- Sinh vien danh gia lan nhau.
- GV danh gia sinh vien.
- Ra biii tiip vl nha cho SV.
2.3.2. Van dung quy trinh de ren luyen cho sinh vien sur pham kl nang thiet ke BTTH trong day hoc ChUdng 3 hoc phan PPDH Sinh hoc I
Sau khi hoc xong ChUdng 1: Gidi thieu chuong trinh sach giao khoa sinh hpc 10
\a 11 THPT vii ChUdng 2. Phuong phap day hpc, phan Mpt: Gidi thieu chung ve thi gidi sdng. SH 10 THPT. GV day sang Chitong 3: Phuong phap day hpc phan Sinh hpc tl bao:
Day la mijt chUdng quan trpng, vdi nhilu npi dung kien thtic. Do vay, GV song song vdi viec hudng dan cho SV logic npi dung ciia cac phan kien thiic trpng tam, cd biin va each 1(3 chtfc cac bill hpc, GV cung cdn ren luyen cho SV cac ki niing day hpc, trong do cd ki nang thilt kl BTTH.
Buitc !: Sinh vien lam quen vdi BTTH
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a) Gidi thieu cho SV khai mem BTTH. vai trd BTTH b) Gidi thieu cho SV mdt so BTTH vdi cac dang khac nhau - Bai tap tinh hudng d dang tranh luan vl mpt vdn d l
Vi du: Khi hpc bai 5: Prdtein - Sinh hpc 10 THPT giao vien neu vdn de: T^i sao Prdlein dlu dfldc cau tao tfl cac axit amin nhflng khi an cac loai thjt (protein) nhfl thit lOn, thjt trau, thit bd, thjl ga...-lai cd mui vi va mau sac khac nhau?
Sau khi thao luan cac nhdm dfla ra cac y kiln sau:
- Nhdm 1: Cac loai thit khac nhau vi chflng dfldc ia cac prdtein cd sd lfldng axit amin khac nhau.
- Nhdm 2: Cac loai thit khac nhau vi chung dfldc la cac prdtein cd thanh phdn cac axit amin khac nhau.
- Nhdm 3: Cac loai thit khac nhau vi chung dfldc la cac prdlein cd sfl sap xIp cac axit amin va cd cau true khac nhau.
Em cd nhan xel gi ve y kien cua ba nhdm Iren? Theo em, tinh da dang va dac thu cua Prdtein dfldc quy dinh bdi nhflng ylu lo nao?
- Bai tap tinh hudng d dang xfl li mdt tinh hudng gia dinh
Khi hpc bai 20: Can bSng ndi mdi - Sinh hpc 11 THPT, GV neu cau hdi: O Ngfldi, pH cua mau bang khoang 7,35-7,45. Cac hoal ddng ciia cac t l bao va cac cd quan ludn san sinh ra cac chdt (CO2, axit l a c t i c . ) cd the liim thay doi pH mau. Tuy nhien pH mau van duy Iri d mflc dn dinh. Nhd vao nhflng cd quan nao va cd chl dilu tilt ra sao ma dat dfldc hieu qua nay?
Ban Mai tra ldi: pH mau dfldc duy Iri d mflc dn dinh nhd he dem do chung cd kha nang lay H+ hay O H " khi cac ion nay xudt hien Irong mau.
Tuy nhien, ban Nam lai cho rang: pH mau dfldc duy tri d mflc on dinh nhd phoi va than. Phoi dieu hda pH mau bang each thai CO2 vi khi CO2 tang lam tang H"^ trong mau.
Than dilu hda pH mau nhd kha nang thai H+, lai hdp thu Na+, thai NH.j...
Em nhan xel gi vl y kiln cua ban Mai va Nam? Neu la em, em se tra ldi cau hdi cua GV nhfl thi nao?
c) Yeu cau SV giai cac bai tap linh hudng da gidi thieu va rut ra quy trinh giai bai lap tinh huong gdm cac bfldc [3]:
1) Tiep can tinh huong, xac djnh nhiem vu cdn ihflc hien: HS doc tinh hudng, cd the dpc lo cho ca nhdm cung nghe hoac ca nhan lfl dpc, tfl dd xac dinh ndi dung, nhiem vu phai giai quylt.
2) Phan tich tinh huong de tim ra cac mau thuan trong linh huong.
3) Sfl dung cac thdng tin. dfl kien da cho, phan tich, suy luan, tdng hdp de giai quyet tinh hudng.
4) Riil ra kit luan vl biii lap tinh huong.
Budc 2: Sinh vien tfl thiet kl BTTH.
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Phan Thi Thanh Hoi a) Sinh vien thiet kl BTTH theo nhdm..
Yeu cdu sinh vien hoat dpng nhdm nho 3 - 4 ngUdi, mdi nhdm thilt ke mpt BTTH de day hpc phdn II: Sinh hpc te bao - Sinh hpc 10 THPT.
Thdi gian thilt kl: 15 phiit.
b) Thao luan trudc ldp vl mpt s6 BTTH ciia SV thiet ke.
Sau khi cac nhom da cd san phiim cua minh, GV yeu cdu 03 nhdm se viet BTTH ciia nhdm len bang, cac nhom khac nhan xet, bo sung.
Tiep tuc nhan xet cac tinh hudng cua cac nhdm khac cho din khi ket thuc cac nhom.
Budc 3: Xay dung quy trinh thilt kl BTTH.
a) Sinh vien tU xay dung quy trinh thiet ke BTTH theo nhdm.
TCr ket qua thao luan nhdm de thiet ke BTTH, GV yeu cdu cac nhom thao luan va xay dung quy trinh thilt kl BTTH.
b) Thao luan trUdc ldp dudi sU huang dan ciia GV de xay dung dupc quy trinh chuan.
Dai dien mpt s6 nhom viet quy trinh ciia nhdm len bang. Cac nhdm khac nhan xet, bo sung.
GV gdi y de SV xay dung duoc quy trinh thilt kl BTTH chuan.
Budc 4: Sinh vien thitc hanh thiet ke BTTH.
SV ddc lap thilt kl BTTH, moi SV tU chpn cho minh mpt npi dung trong SGK Sinh hoc 10 hoac 11 va thiet kl mpt BTTH theo diing quy trinh.
Budc 5: Danh gia cac BTTH sinh vien da thiet kl.
• Sinh vien danh gia Idn nhau: GV yeu cdu cac SV danh gia bai ciia SV khac. Goi mpt sd SV diing day nhan xet bai cac em danh gia.
- GV danh gia sinh vien: GV thu bai va danh gia tai ldp mpt s6 bai cua SV, nhan xet chung de SV rut kinh nghiem.
- Ra bai tap vl nha cho SV: tiep tuc thilt kl cac BTTH va van dung trong bai giang.
Van dung quy tnnh nay chiing toi da to' ehtic ren luyen cho hon 100 sinh vien sU pham Sinh hpc trudng DHSP Ha Npi va da dat dupc kit qua budc dau dang khich le. Da s6 sinh vien dupc ren luyen da hil'u thdu quy trinh thilt kl BTTH va van dung quy trinh de thilt ke cac BTTH cd the van dung trong day hpc Sinh hpc 6 trudng THPT.
3. Ket luan
Day hpc bang BTTH cd vai trd quan trpng khong nhiing trong viec cung cap kien thirc cho HS, giup HS khac sau kiln thilc, dilu quan trpng hOn ca la giup cho viec ren luyen cho HS cac kT nang hpc tap va tu duy logic. Vi vay, viec ren luyen cho GV va dac biet la cac sinh vien trong cac trudng Su pham kl nang thiet ke BTTH la rdt can thilt.
Thdng qua mdn hpc Phitang phdp day hpc Sinh hpc I, chung toi da van dung quy trinh
va da ren luyen cho sinh vien ki nang thilt k l cac BTTH de gdp phdn giup cac em co kha nang td chiic cac bai hpc theo hudng tfch hoa hoat dpng hpc tap ciia HS khi di thuc tap va sau khi ra trudng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyen Thi PhUdng Hoa, 2010. Sit dung phuang phdp tinh hudng trang day hpc mdn gido due hpc tai trudng DHNN - DHQG Hd Ndi. De tai nghien ciiu khoa hpc cap DHQG, Ha Ndi 2010.
^2] Phan Thi Thanh Hpi, KhUu Thanh Tuyet Le, 2012. Sd dung bdi tap tinh hudng de ren luyen ki ndng phdn tich, sa sdnh, tong hap cho hpc sinh trong day hpc phdn Tiin hda. Sinh hpc 12 THPT. Tap chi Giao due, sd 293, tr. 54-56.
13J Nguyin Hi?u Lam, 2003. Day hpc theophutmgphdp tinh hudng (bdi gidng). ChUOng trinh Day hpc Kinh t l Fulbright tai ¥EY?.
[4J Thomas, J., 2003. Kinh nghiem gidng day linh hudng & ldm the ndo de viit mdt tinh hudng tdt (hdi gidng). TrUdng Quan li Nha nudc John F. Kennedy, Dai hpc Harvard (17/11/2003 tai FETP)- Chuong trinh giang day kinh te Fulbright.
[5] Waterman, M. & Stanley, E., 2005. Case-based Learning in your classes. Retrieved 17 January, 2013 from: http://cstl-csm.5em0.edu/waterman/CBL/index.html
ABSTRACT
The ability to build case studies when teaching the subject of Biology Teaching Methodology I
Teaching who use case studies not only help students to learn, they also improve their ability to study and carry out logical thinking. While it is not easy for teachers 10 build case studies. Education students need to learn how to do so before they graduate and begin to teach. In this article, we show the process by which education students can learn how to build case studies when teaching the subject of Biological Teaching Methodology I.
