PHAP LUAT VE BAO DAM QUYEN YEU CAU BOI THUONG THIET HAI DO VI PHAM
P H A P L U A T M O I T R U O N G 6 VIET NAM
J ^ X'iel Niim Cling nhu cae nude tren V/lhe gidi. xiec giai quyet tranh chdp.
xung di)t Irong ITnh xye mdi Iruimg ludn Id xdn de ndi c()in trong diii sdng xa hcii. thu hut su quan Idm. lo ngai cua cdc Nha nudc.
cac phuang lien truyen Ihdng. cdc Id chire btu) vc mdi trucing... diie biet la nhfrng x u iranh chdp ddi bdi thudng ihiel hai do hdnh vi xi phiim phdp lutil mdi truimg gdy ra. () nucre la. quyi:n yeu edu hdi thuirng thiel hai do hanh vi vi phtim phdp lutil mdi Iruimg la nipt trong nhfrng quyen eir ban eua cd nhdn.
Id ehire dueic Hien phdp xd phdp lutil bao hg.
Quyen yen edu bdi ihuimg lhii:t hai do hdnh vi gax d nhiem. sux thoai mdi Irudng bao gdm: i) Thiol hai do suy giam dure nang.
linh hfru ieh ciui mdi Iriremg; xd ii) Thiel htii ve sire khoe. tinh nuing cua eon ngmii. ldi sail xa lgi ieh hgp phdp eua id chiic. cd nhdn do hiiii qua eua xiec sux giam ehue ndng.
linh hiiu ieh eua mdi Inning gdx la.
Thue lien ihire thi quyen yen edu ddi bdi thuimg thiet hai do hdnh vi xi phiim phdp lutil mdi trudng cua nguiii bj thiet luii thiii gian qua eho thdy. van edn nhieu khd khan trong viec thirc thi quxen yen eau ddi bdi thuirng lhii:i luii. gay tdm ly hoang mang. lo sg cua ngudi yen edu bdi ihiiemg ihiet hai.
X'iec nhiin dien cac khd khan trong \ ice ihire hien quyen yeu edu bdi thuimg thiel hiii do hdnh X i xi pluini phdp lutil mdi trucmg gay r;i sf- gop phdn eking kc- xdo xiec de xual cdc nhdm gun phdp gop phdn hoan ihidi phdp liiiil xe biio dam quyen khoi kien yen cdu diri hdi ihuong ihiel luii do hanh xi xi pluim phdp luat mdl truimg gay ra.
Vd Thi My Huong
1. Thuc trang phap luat xc biio dam quyen yeu eau bdi thudng thiel hai do hanh vi vj pham phap luat mdi trudng giix ra
Np! dung eae qux djnh phdp lutil xe bao dam quyen xc-ii edu bdi ihuimg ihiel hai Jo hdnh V i V i pham phdp ludt mdi Irudng ki sir cu the hoa quyen yeu edu bdi ihudng thiet bill do hdnh vi vi pham phdp ludt gdx ra. Do do. ndi dung cac quy Jjnh phdp lutil ndy xira phai ludn Ihu nhfrng quy dinh cluing ddi vol quyen yen can bdi ihuirng ihict htii. vira ihe hien nhfrng ncl dae Ihii Irong ITnh vye mdi trucmg. Dd la:
Thir nhdi. nhirng quy dinh mang linh ngin en ide ehung eho moi i eu edu hdi thuimg ihiel hqi. Ndi Jung cdc quy Jjnh ndx Ju'eic the hien U'ong Hien pluip 1992 (siui Jdi 2001) va Bd kuil l)dn sy (Bl l)S) 200.^ Cu the nhu sau.
Nha nude edng nhtin xa bao hd quyen ddi bdi thudng thiol htii ve xa! ehal va linh thdn khi bj nguiii khdc xdm phtim. Theo dd.
ngirdi bj thiet htii ed quyen duge bdi ihirimg xe X'dt chdt xa phuc hdi danh dy ;
Trdch nhiem bdi Thuimg ihie; liiii bao gdm irach nhiem bdi thuang thiet hai xe xdl chdt. trdch nhiem bdi ihuirng bii dap tdn thdt xe linh than. Trdch nhiem bdi thuirng thiel bii, ve vat chdt Id irdeh nhiem bu dap tdn thdt xdt dial thire le. tinh ducre thdnh lien do ben xi phi^im gay !'a. bao gdnu Idn thai ve tdi san:
chi phi blip Ix de I'gan chiin. lu.in die. khac phuc thiet htii; thu nhtip thuc le bj mdl hoac bi oiam ^ui .
I lis Kh.i.i I ml - I'ai I'oi. Hue
.Xem Hieu " I Hien pha, i')'i2 (sua ddi 2 0 0 ' ) . Oiui '-11' Hd luiil Hiln siir.OD.s
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\H\\Ctk'\ \ PHAP I.C XT so I 2012
Can cir phdt sinh trdch nhiein bdi thucmg thiel bi^ii dugc qux djnh eu the Uii Dieu 6(14 Bl DS 2011.'^. theo dd. ngudi ndo do loi cd \ bode ldi v d < xdm pluim tinh niiing.
sire khoe. danh dy. nhdn phdm. uy lin. tdi san. quxen. le^i ich herp phdp khde ciia ed nhdn. xam pham danh dy. uy tin. tdi san cua phdp nhdn hoac ehu the khde md gay thiet iiiii thi phai bdi ihucmg. Trong trucmg hgp phdp Iual quy djnh ngudi gay thiel htii phai bdi thudng ca irong truimg hgp khdng co ldi lbi dp dung qux djnh dd;
Thiel hi,u phai dugc bdi thuimg lodn bd vd kjp ihdi Id nguyen lae dinrc phdp lutil quy djnh. I uy nhien. Ji- lao lluitin li.ii eho ede ben trong \ iec lim kiem giai phdp giai quxel phu blip xdi ndi dung, linh ehtii eua thict htii.
phdp lutil eho phep cac ben ei^ the- ihoa ihuiin xc mire bdi thuimg. hinh llure bdi thudng bang lien, bang hien x tit luKie thyc hien mdt edng V iec. phinmg thirc bdi ihuimg mdl idn hoiie nhieu ldn. trir truimg herp phdp lutil ed quy djnh khac; nguiii gay Ihiel htii cd the diigc giam nuic bdi ihuimg. nc-u do ldi xd y ma gay thiel hai qud lein so vdi kha ndng kinh le tnn'ic nuii xd Idu ddi cua minh; khi mire bdi ihuimg khdng edn phii hcip xeii thuc le thi nguiri bj ihiel hi^ii hoac nguiri gdx ihiet hai CO quydi xeu can lod dn hode eir quan nha nuoc co ihdm quyen khdc ihay Jdi mire bdi ihuimg" ..
Thir hai. ede quv dinh ve quyen veu edu hdl thirong iluel hqi Irong ITnh vire mdi irirdng. Xual phdt tir nguxen tac cd nhdn.
phiip nhdn x d ciic ehu the khde lam d nhiem mdi truimg gay thiet hai ihi pbai hdi ihuimg theo qux Jjnh eua phdp lutil. ke ca truirng hgp nginii gdy d nhiem mdi iruimg khdng co ldi l.uiil Bao xe mdi truimg 2003 xd cdc quy Jjnh phdp lutil khde ed lien quan den ITnh vuc nidi iruimg ciing ddnh nhiing qux djnh eu the quy djnh xe quyen yeu edu bdi
ibuemg thiet hiii do bdnh xi xi phtim phdp lutil mdi truimg gax ra. Cu the la:
Id chi'rc. hd gia dinb. ed nhdn gay d nhiem. sux ihoiii mdi truimg ed irdeh nhieni khae phue. bdi thuimg thiel hiii va chju etie trdch nhieni khde theo quy djnh cua phdp lutif Tnrdng hiTp cd thiet hai xe linh mang.
sire khoe cua con nguiii. tdi san xa kii ich heip phdp cua td chuc. cd nhdn do btiu qua ciia xiec gdy d nhiem mdi truimg thi edn phai bdi ihuimg thiet htii iheo quy djnh Itii mue 2 Chuang XIX' cua l.util Bao ve mdi truimg hotic bj truy cuu trdch nhiem hinh su'' Id chire. ed nhdn gay d nhieni mdi truimg cd trdch nhiem bdi Ihuimg ihiet htii theo quy djnh cua Tutil xa ede quy djnh khiie eua phdp lutil co lien quan ;
Td dure. c;i nhdn trong qud trinh lien hdnh ede boat ddng iham dd. khai ihde. su dung, ldn thu khodng sdn... gay tdn hai mdi truimg. ddng theii phai phue hdi mdi Inn'ing.
mdi sinh sau kbi lien hdnh ede hoiit ddng khodng sanN.. X'iec khai thdc khodng san phdi lay hieu qua kinh te - xa heii xd bao ve mdi truimg ldm lieu chudn ca ban de quyet djnh dau lu; dp dung cdng nghe khai thac lien lien, phii hgp xoi quy md. dac diem lirng mo. lotii khodng san de thu hdi ldi da khoang san. Td ehire. cd nhdn khai thdc khodng san ed Iraeh nhiem kcl hcrp khai ihde xdi xay dung hti ldng ky thutil. biio xe. phiic hdi mdi iruimg iheo du dn ddu lu khai ihde khodng Siin; neu gdy thiet htii den hti lang ky ibutit.
cdng trinh. iai san kht'ic thi liiy theo mire dp thiel htii phai ed trdch nhiem sira ehua, duy
OieuM's lid luiil Diin su2(i(rs ' n i e u ('24 Hd Iual D.iii sir 2(1(15
' Dieu 4 l.ual Hao ve mdi truirng 20(l.s
' DiC'u 40 dic-m d khoan I i.uiil Hao ve mdi Irircrng 20().s.
" Oic-u 0? khoan 3 lutil Bao ve mdi irudng 2(ll).s l.ual Khoiing s.in sd fill 2010 f.)ll 12 dirirc f^udc hoi Khda XII kv hop ihir X thdng qua ngav 17 ihang 11 nam 2010. l.ual nay co hieu luc llii I,.ml, n, ngav 01 '"2(111 tha> the- cho l.ual Khoang san ngii.v 20 3 I W 6 va l.uiii sua e ;i. hd sung mdi sd dieu qua I ii.it Klucuij san sd K, 2dOs (.IIII I.
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PHAP I.CAT VF BAO DAM . lu. Xiiy dung mdi hoac bdi thuirng theo quy
djnh cua phdp Iual;
l.uiit Ddt dai 2003 quy djnh ni: Ngiroi su dung ddt phai su dung dtit tic-l kiem. eo hieu qua. bao xe mdi trudng xd khdng Idm tdn hai dc-n loi ich ehinh ddng cua ngucii su dung ddi xung quanh; phdng. chdng tmh tn^ing suy thodi v i, 6 nhiem ldi nguyen dtU Id xeu cdii bat budc. xuyen sudl quy djnh ve ehe dd sir dung ddi v ai tirng loi^ii ddt...
X'iri nhfrng quy dinh tren cho thtix. xiec kicn todn ede bien phdp kiem .sodt tinh trang d nhiem. suy thodi mdi iruimg Jirgc thyc hien song hdnh vdi vice quy djnh vd bao dam quxc-ii cua nguiri bj thiet htii do hdnh v i vi pham phdp lutil mdi Iruimg gay ra. the hien quxet ldm cua lodn xa hdi irong xiec bao ve mdi Iruimg. ddng lhiii eho thdy x j tri.
tam quan tigng eua nidi Irudng Uong qud Innh ldn Uii xa phdt Irien eua eon nguiii. phii hgp x(ii mue lieu phdt irien kinh le - xa hdi gan vol bao xe mdi inn'mg. bao dam su hdi hda giiiii mdi Iruimg nhdn tao xdi nidi li'irirng ihren nliie,i.
1 ir ede quy djnh cua phdp ludt hien hanh vi' bdo dam quxen yen cdu bdi thuimg thiet hill do hdnh v j \ i phtim phdp luiii mdi tnrdng g.iy ra. ed the nit ra nhfrng nhtin xet co ban sau:
\ldi Id. cac quy djnh ve bao dam quyen yen can bdi lliuimg ihiel hi,ii Jo hdnh vi xi pham phdp lutil nidi truimg Id su eii the hoa traeh nhiem eua nguiri gay d nhiem mdi Iruimg ddi XOI nhfrng thiel htii da gdy iti duoc quy djnh trong Tiiiit Bao ve mdi Iruirng. ki ea so phdp ly quan trgng de ngmii hi ihiel htii Iriic liep yen can ngmii gdy d nhieni :iidi niioiig. hotic khai kien ra Ida an iM.ic trgng tai xeu can bdi thudng thiet htii.
Ihn Id. Ciic quy vljiih xe bao dam quxen veil cdu bdi ihuimg thiel luii do hdnh vi xi phiim phdp iuiii nidi iruimg trong I mil Bao ve mdi nuong 2!)(''^. Md liitii To tung Dan sy 211114 va C.IC Viin ban budng dan tin hdnh da uux vhiih ,'d ihiel hai. can cu \ac djnh ihiel
hai. phucmg thirc giai quyet yen eau bdi thudng thiet hai. Cae quy djnh ndx ve ccr ban tao thudn lgi cho nguiri bj thiol hiii xeu eau ngucii gay thiet hai phai bdi ihuimg.
Ba Id. X'iec giai quyet yeu eau bdi thuimg thiel htu do hdnh xi vi phtim phdp luat mdi trucrng gdx ra ngodi vice tudn thu quy dinh phdp lutil ve bao ve mdi trucmg cim phai can cir vdo phdp ludt dan su xc bdi tbudng thiel hai ngodi hgp ddng gay ra. Tutil Bao ve mdi truimg 2005 lir Dieu 130 den Dieu 134 quy djnh xe bdi ihuimg ihiel htii do d nhieni. suy thodi mdi iriiimg bao gdm cdc quy djnh ve eae dtmg thiel hiii. xdc djnh thiel htii. giiim djnh thiel hai. giai quxel yen edu bdi ihudng lhi(:l htii vd bao hiem Irdeh nhiem bdi ihirdng ihid htii ve mdi irudng.
Bdn Id. ihye lien thyc llii phdp lutil ve xeu can bdi ihuimg thiel htii do hdnh vi vi phtim phdp lutil mdi Inning da phdi sinh nhieu btil ciip edn liep lue nghien ciru. lim hin'mg giai quxel nhu:
Xdn de xiic djnh chu the ed quyen nop dan yen cdu ddi bd, ihuimg ihiei htii Uong truimg herp thiet hai gay ra o nhic-u dja phuang khdc nhau (nlur Iruirng hgp ddi hdi ihuimg thiel luii eiui ndng ddn cdc Imh Ddng Niii. Bd Rja Xfing Tdu vii 1 p, \\i^ Chi Minh):
hoac o phtim xi moi dja ban nhu mdl thdn.
mdt xa. mdl huyen lbi ai se dai diil-n de nop dim yen cdu ddi bdi thuimg thiel htii; cdch thirc xac djnh nuic do ddng lluitin eua nhdn ddn dja phuang irong iruirng hgp vice ddi bdi thuimg dura cd sir thdng nhdt eua lal ca nhdn ddn a dja phuang Jd;
Tham quyen eua Ida iin nhdn Jan imng
•jiai quxel xeu cdu bdi thuimg lliici hai khi thiet hai a nhieu dja phuang kh;ic nhau.
Thyc lien giai quxet x'li Cdng ly XeJaii. ihi loa an eua linh. ihdnh phd ntio se gi.ii quyet dan yen can o !inh. ihdnh phd dd. Cluing hii eho rang, xiec xtic Jjnh thdm quyen nhu xay sc- gay kh.i khan cho Ida dn trong qud trinh gi:ii quxel. nhai Id xac djnh mirc Jd thiel hai do hanh xi xi phtin- phdp ludt mdi iruang
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,\ 7/ I \TDC\ A PHAP I CCT SO 1/2012 gdx ra. Xdn Je dat ra la. trucmg hgp tren neu de cho tda dn cua mdt trong ba tinh. thdnh phd gidi quyet cd dugc khdng'?;
X'iec chimg minh mirc dc) suy gidm chi'rc nang. tinb hfru icb cua mdi irudng;
thii;t hiii xe sire khoe. tinh niiing eiia con ngui-ri. tdi san xa Icii ieh hcip phdp cua id chirc. ea nhdn do hau qua cua xiec suy giam chuc nang. linh hfru ich eua nidi Iruimg gdy ra edn dueic lien hdnh khan trucing xd cd sy trei giup eua cae ca quan ehuxen mdn. Song Iren thuc te. mirc dd sux giam ehire nang.
linh hiru ich eua mdi Iruimg eiing nhu thiet hiii xe sue khoe. linh nuing eua con nguiii.
ldi san xd lgi ieh hgp phdp eua id chirc. cd nhdn Jo htiii qua cua xiec sux giam ehire nang. linh hfru ich eua nidi truimg gay ra khdng the ehirng minh tnmg mdl sdm ine)t chieu X a rdl de bj ehe gidu. Dieu ndy se ldm anh huang den x iec xae djnh ihiel htii ldm ea so cTiO V icc Jc xual mirc bdi thuimg...
2. Nhung khd khan trong xiec thuc thi quyen xi-u cau bdi thudng thiet hai do hiinh xi xi pham phap luat nidi trudng gdx ra
'/'/.'//' nlidi. lira chon phinmg ihire giai qu\el \eu edu hi'ii ihuimg ihiel hqi.
Dieu 133 I iitil Bao ve mdi truimg 2005 quy djnh: "Ciee gtai quyei hdi ihuimg ihiel hqi ve mdi irin'rng diri'e quy dinh nlur sau: I) Iu thoa ihiidn eua ede hen: 2) Yen edu irong ldi gnu quyei. j) Khoi kien lqi lod dn" Tir dd eho ihay. khi ed thiel hi.ii do ht'inh vi vi phiim phdp ludi mdi iruirng. ben vi phi.im xa ben thiet htii ihroe quven lira chon hinh thire g/i// tpn el hdi ihuimg thiel hai lux thudc xdo 11 nb dial xa mue Jd cua hdnh xi xi phi.im xd ihiel hiii phdi sinh.
1 uy nhien. ihire le giai quycl yeu cdu bdi lliuimg thiet hai do hdnh xi vi pham phdp ludt mdi trirdng cac ben ihiiirng ihdng qua ehinh qu\ en dia phinrng Ji ihiut ihiidn mql mue Itdi thtnmg nnmg irirng hode ehuyen lii'ni thdnh miit khoan lien ed ten goi Id lien
"hd tnr eai lao mdi Irudng \1e)l sd xu
tranh chap ddi bcM thudng ihiel hi^ii do sy ed Iran ddu gay nen ed ydu id ninie ngodi efing mdi ehl dirng a giai doiin thuang luemg. hoa giai hoac bang eon dirimg ngotii giao. Dieu de nhdn thay Id. ede phuang thirc giai quyet dd nidi ehi la giai phtip tinb the. thu dpng, chua thdo ge'v din diem nhung vudng mac ndx sinh. do chua dya irC-n nhiing co so khoa hge. phdp ly x ung chac x a clura ed ea ehC- giai quyet xung dot pbii hgp. ihoa ddng'.
Xeii thuc te niiy. ben bj thiet hiii il lira chgn iiic)l trong nhiing phuang thirc giai quyet tranh chap dugc quy djnh tnmg l.ual Xldi trueing. Khi lira chgn phinmg thirc giai quyet xeu eau bdi thuimg ihiel htii do hdnh xi xi phiini phdp hml mdi Iruimg cae ben sc giip nhiing khd khan sau Jay:
Ddi xai bien phdp tu Ihoa ihuan gifra cdc ben se pbu ihudc rdl km x ao ihien ehi eua cdc ben irtinh chap, bai lc. ben gdy ihiet hai "ed gdng' dua ra mire bdi ihudng ihict htii thdp nhdi hoac cd linh ddnh irt'io khai niem tir "bdi thining ihiet htii" sang ""hd tra ciii thien mdi irue'mg" ... Chinh dii;u ndy sc ldm eho quyen xeu edu bdi ihuimg thiel hai khd dtil duge tren thire le:
Ddi xeii bien phdp Ugng tdi. Hien d nudc la chi co giai quyei bdng trgng ttii thuang mtii Id phuang thue giai quy(;t Uiinh chdp phdt sinh trong hotU ddng thuang nitii neu cdc ben ed thoa thutin trgng ldi giiii quyet trirdc hoac sau khi phdi sinh tranh chdp theo qux djnh cua Tuat Trpng lai thuang mai'" Iren ihue le plunrng ihirc nay se khd thyc hicn. bcri khi ihye hien quyi;n yen edu bdi thuirng thiel hi,u. ede ben Iranh chdp da khdng the ngdi eiing nhau dc- lim
Xem Ihem. Frung uim con nmim va thien nhien.
IS Vfl I h u Hanh. i s Iran .\iih I uiin. Oiiven khai kien doi hdl ihirong lliiei hai do hanh vi vi pham phap luiil mdl iruong giiv ra: Co so phap lv va quy Innh thuc hien. Biio e.iu Chinen ilO ngliien eiru. Ila Ndi. 2110';
'" l.ual nax cd hieu lir ngiiv 01 ili.ing 01 n.1m 2011 ih.iv the cho Phap lenh irpng t.ii thirong mai nam 2003.
PHAP I.UAT VF BAO f)A.\l..
phucmg an giai quyet thi xiec cdc ben thoa thuan lya chgn trpng tai giai quyet la rat khd dat dueic dicu kien quan trpng nhat de trpng tdi thu ly xd giai quxet tranh chap xeu cdu bdi thudng thiet htii;
- Ddi vdi bien phdp khai kicn lai Ida dn nhdn dan. cdc ben tranh chap se gap khd khan trong viec xdc djnh tham quyen cua tda an nhan dan trong giai quycl yen cau bdi thuirng iWiel hiii, bai If-, nhu da dc cap, thiet hai do har.h x i \ i pham phdp ludt mdi trucing gdy ra thuimg eo mire do anh huimg ldn a nhieu dja phucmg khde nhau, do vtix, se khd xac djnh tda dn ndo ed thdm quyen gidi quyc't. Thyc te xde djnh thdm quyen ciia Ida an nhan ddn khi giai quyet yeu cdu bdi ihuimg thiel hai eiia Cdng ly Vedan cua ndng ddn ctic lirh Ddng Nai. Bd Rja Vung Tau. Tp. Hd Chi Minh dugc xde djnh theo dja phuang. nghTa Id ndng dan tinh ndo khai kii:n lai linh dd. Tuy nhien. theo chiing tdi.
dieu ndy se gap khd khan Id Cdng ly Vedan X'iel Nam khd cd the tham gia id lung a nhieu Ida dn trong cimg mdl thcri diem, gdy khd khan, king phi kbi xdc djnh thiet hai.
dieu tra thu thap ehirng eir. xi nhfrng van de iiay ede ida dn dang thu Ix giai quyet Jeu phai thue hien.
Thir hai. xiii dinh thiel hqi vd ehirng minh thiet hqi
Tutil Bao ve mdi trucmg nam 2005 da qux djnh lucmg ddi eu the xe xdn de bdi thuimg thiet hi,ii do d nhiem. sux thodi mdi truimg ldm cer so eho xiec giai quyei bdi thuirng thiel hai xax ra trong thyc le. Dieu 13(1 I uiii Bao xe mdi trucmg nam 2005 quy djnh. thiel htii do d nhiem. suy thodi mdi iruirng bao giim: Suy giam ehire ndng, tinh hint ieh eua mdi iririmg vit thii't hqi ve sire khoe, linh mang cua eon ngin'ri. tdi san vd lin ieh hop phdp eua ti'i ehire, e<'- nhdn do hdu qua eiui VICL SU\ giam ehire ndng, linh huu ich eua min iririmg gdy ra. Ddng thdi, I.iuil cung quy djnh cii the xiec xae djnh thiet hai do d nhiem, suy thodi mdi truimg
gdm cd: Cdc mirc dp suy giam chuc nang, tinh hiiu ich cua mdi trirdng; xdc djnh phtim xi. gidi ban mdi trudng bj sux gidm chirc nang. tinh hfru ieh; xdc djnh etie thdnh phdn mdi trucmg bj suy giam: xiec tinh todn chi phi thii;t bai vc mdi trirdng; ea che xde djnh thiet hai do suy gidm chire nang. tinh hfru ich cua mdi trudng; x iec xdc djnh thiet hai xe sire khoe. linh mang con ngudi. tdi san xd lgi ich hgp phdp cua td chire. cd nhdn do gdx d nhiem. suy thodi mdi trudng.
X'e gidm djnh thiet hai do suy giam chire nang. tinh huu ieh eua mdi truirng. l.util Bao ve mdi trucmg 2005 quy djnh: Ciidm djnh thiet hai do suy giam chire nang. linh hiiu ich cua mdi trudng Juve llure hien iheo veu edu eua td ehire. ed nhdn hi ihiet hqi hode eo quan giai quyei vice hiu ihirdng ihiel hqi ve mdi Iruimg, Can eir gidm djnh Ihiei hai Id hd sa ddi bdi thudng lhii:l htii. ede ihdng tin. so lieu, chirng eu vd cac can cii khac Hen quan den bdl tbudng thiet hai vd ddi tugng gay thiet htii. X'iec lya chgn co quan gidm djnh thiel hai phai ihnre sir ddng iluidn eua hen ddi hdi ihirimg vd hen phai hdi ihirimg:
truimg hgp cdc ben khdng thdng nhat thi X ice chgn id ehire gidm djnh thiet hai do ea quan dueic giao trdch nhieni giai quyet xiec bdi thuimg thiet hai quxel djnh.
Khi thyc hien quyc-n yeu edu bdi ihuimg thiet htii. xiec xdc djnh suy giam ehire ndng, linh hiru ieh eua mdi iririmg la rdt khd thyc hien. song chung kii ed nidi lien he tryc tiep voi nhfrng thiel hi^ii ve sire khoe, linh mang eua eon ngirdi, ldi san \d loi ieh hirp phdp eua td ehire, ed nhdn do hdu qua eua vice sill giam ehire ndng, linh hiru ieh eua mdi tnrirng gd\ ra, bcri le. vi':e xac djnh mirc do thiet hai ndy can phdi ed nhung cdng cu.
pbuimg lien cdn thiet. phai cii ehuxen m<in nghiep vu mdi cd the xdc djnh dugc. Day la rdo can can dinie thdo gd. cd nhu xtiy meii bao dam ducie quyen yeu cdu bdi ihucmg thiei bai do hdnh xi xi pham phdp lu;ii moi iririmo ndv ra.
5.^
.\//.i \COC VA PHAP LUAT SO 1/2012
Thir ha. ve chu the yeu cdu hdi thudng ihiet hui.
Thyc te giai qux et yeu cau bdi thuomg thiet hai do hanh xi xi pham phap luat mdi trudng xdn de khd khan nhat la; ai se Id ngudi dai dien cho lgi ich ciia cdc td chirc v'd cd nhan thyc hien quyen khdi kien ddi bdi thudng thiet hai?" bdi le. pham vi bj dnh hudng do d nhiem mdi trudng thudng rdt rdng. trong nhieu trudng hgp d nhiem cd the lan sang nhieu dia phuang. thiet hai lien quan ldi hang tram, tham chi hdng nghin hd gia dinh. cd nhdn. nen khdng the vd khdng nhdt thiet tat cd cac nan nhan deu phdi thyc hien quyen khdi kien ddi bdi thudng thiet hai. md chi can thdng qua che djnh dai diijn thi coi nhu quyen khai kien cua ngudi bj hai da dugc thyc hien. Khi cd du ca so ket luan trong sd cdc thiet hai md cdng ddng dan cu phdi gdnh chju bao gdm ca thiet hai ciia cdc td chire. hd gia dinh. cd nhan khdng trirc tii:p dung dan khai kien thi hp van la ngirdi dugc bu dap nhirng tdn that x e ngudi vd tdl sdn do hdnh x i ldm d nhiem mdi inrcmt gay nen.
lln'r lu. hun che ve hieu hiel Irong quy Irinh khieu kien "
Tren ihyc le. X'iel Nam chua ed tien le tap hgp ngudi dan bj hai khdi kien doanh nghiep xam hiii mdi trudng. \ i the ngudi dan chua bii;t den quy trinh khieu kien. Da cd nhien trudng hcrp. ndng dan giii dan kien ddi bdi thudng den ca quan cdng an xa dodn kii;m tra trung uong. tham chi gui den cd
Xem Ihem. Trung lam con ngu'di va thien nhien.
VS. Vii Thu Hanh. I S Tran .\nh Tuan. Quyen khdi kicn ddi bdi thucmg thiet hai do hiinh vi vi pham phap Iual nidi trirdng gay ra: Co sa phap Ix va qux trinh Ihuc hien, Bau eao Chuven de nghien eini. Ha Noi, 2009.
'" \'u Vedan; Giai phap nao cho khdi kien moi trudng?.
hup: tttyw.thiennhien.nel news 193 ARTICLE SH2I.' 200V-06-n9.html. ngax- 09 thaim 06 nam 2009.
Cdng ty Vedan trong khi chi cd tda dn mdi cd tham qux4n giai quydt x iec nay. Vi du, d tinh Dong Nai, cac hp dan bj thiel hai cd the giri don tdri Tda an nhan dan huyen Long Thanh, ncri cd try sd Cdng ly X'edan y eu cau tda gidi quyet. Ngoai ra. mac dii la doanh nghiep nudc ngoai. nhung Vedan la do Nhii nudc Viet Nam cap phep thanh lap nen van la phap nhan X'iel Nam. Va xi xtiy. hdnh vi vi pham cua hg van dugc gidi quxet theo quy djnh cua phdp luat Viet Nam ddi xdi cac phdp nhan trong nudc.
De khac phuc nhfrng khd khan trong qua trinh thyc hien quyen yen cau bdi thudng thi(;l hai do hanh x'i xi pham phdp luat moi trudng gay ra. theo chimg tdi can tap trung vdo mdt sd gidi phdp co bdn sau day:
,\h'>i Id. tang cudng cdng tac phd bien.
gido due phdp luat ve bdo vc mdi trudng.
quyen yeu cdu bdi thudng thiet hai do hanh X'i X'i pham phdp luat mdi trudng gay ra nham tirng budc nang cao sy hicu bict ciia ngudi dan x e quyen yC-u cau bdi thudng:
Hai Id. phdt buy x ai trd cua ede td chirc dai dicn ciia quan chiing nhan dan trong viec phdt hien hdnh xi xi pham. eho phep cac to chirc ndx cd quyen dai dien cho cdc cd nhan, td chire bj thiet hai lien hdnh khdi kien yeu cau bdi thudng thiet hiii;
Bu Id. tang cudng cdc bien phap ho trp cho td chirc. ca nhdn. nhat la ndng dan, cpng ddng dan cu trong viec xdc djnh thiet hai.
Cdc ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen can co sy vao cudc seim xd phai lien hanh xdc djnh thii:t hai lam co sd cho quyen xeu cau boi thudng thiet hai. bdi 12. xiec xde djnh thiel hai x'd chirng minh nhu da phdn tich a tren can cd kien thirc chuyen mdn. cac cdng cu hd trg. Cbl khi ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen thyc hien tdt sy ho trg nay mdi cd the bao ddm thyc hien idt ban quyen \ eu cdu boi thucmg thiet bai do hanh xi xi pham phap luat mdi trudng gdy ra.
