CHAN NUOI DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
TAI Lifu TriAMKIIAO
1, Al-Bnsnii M . M . , A l - I I f l r b l M . S . . 2010. ITIecl o f ambien icmpcrutiire. I l c t k age iind breeding slock on egg production and hatchability » r bri^ilcr hatching eggs. i:iiropcnn J. O f B i o l . Sci. 2(3) 55-(i() 2. U r u z u i i l J . J . , r c » k S. D., B r n k c .1. n i i d Peebles E.
D.. 2000, I llccls o f Rclniive Mumidily During Incubation on Hatcliabilily and Uody Weight o f Broiler Chicks from Y o u n g Breeder Flocks. Poultry Science 79:827-830
3 Lourcns A . 2001 The importance o f air vcloeily in incubation World Poultiy !7(3):29-30.
4 L u n d y h , 1969. A review o f the cfrecls o f lemperalurc, humidity, turning and gaseous environment in the incubolor on hatchability o f hen's eggs. Pages 143-176 m: The l e r t i i i t y and Hatchability o f the l i e n ' s Rgg. T C. Carter and B.
M.Frccman, c d . Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Seolland, U K .
5. Permsak S. 1996. Effect o f water spraying and eggs turning angle l o efTiciency o f duck hatchability.
Proceedings o f the 34ih Kaselsarl university annual conference, Bangkok (Thailand)„517: 22-26.
Robertson I . J . . 1961. Studies in the effect o f humidity on the hatehabiliiy o f hen's eggs, I. The determination o f o p t i m u m h u m i d i t y for incubation. J, Agric. Sci. 57:185-194,
Sapp R . L . , Rekaya R., M i s z t a l I . a n d W i n g T . 2004. Male and female fertility and hatchability in chickens: a longitudinal mixed model approach.
Poull, Sci 8 3 : 1253-1259.
T a r o n g o y , J j r „ E d u a v e , F., a n d G e m o t a , E. K.
1990. A g e as a faclor o f hatchability. S W U C A - J.
A g r I , Res. (Philippines) 5:22-26,
T o n a K., Onagbesan C , De Ketelaere B., Decupcre F. a n d B r u g g e m a n \ ' . , 2004. Bffect o f age o f broiler breeders and egg storage on egg q i i i i l i l ) . hatchabilit). chick quality, chick Weight and chiek post hatch growth l o f o r t j ' - l w o days, J, Appl.
Poult. Res.. I 3 : - 1 0 - I 8 .
W i l s o n H . R . 1 9 9 1 . Inlcrrclalionship o f egg size.
chiek size, post hatching growth and hatchability.
World's Poull. S d . J.. 47: 5-20.
DANH GIA HIEU QUA MOT SO MO HINH THU'C AN GIA SUC TAI XA KIEN LAO, HUYEN LUC NGAN, T I N H BAC GIANG
1. MO DAU
x a Kien Lao la mpl x3 mien niii ctia huy?n Lyc Ng^in (tinh Bac Giang) c6 long di?n tich d i t t\r nhien 5608.22 ha trong do chii yeu la d i t nong lam nghi?p, dat trong liia it, phan Ian d i t lam nghidp cd hi^u qud kinh te thap \k chua dupc khai thae nhiSu, di^n tich d i t tr6ng c6 (t. Xa c6 tren 80% dan so tham gia sSn xuat nong nghidp v&
nguon thu chfnh c6a ngufri dan dvra chii yeu vko cac cay lrong hSng nftm.
x a Kien Lao cd ldng dan gia sue kha Idm, hang nam dem I^i ngudn thu nh$p cho ngucri dSn
' Tru&ng D?i hpe Su Phgm, Dgi hpe Tlifli NguySn
• T i c e^i ai lign h§: Ly Phuong BSc. Th6n Ho, Xa Kifin Lao, ItuySn Lgc Nggn, Tinh Bac Giang.
Di?n thogi: 01674.699.722. Email: [email protected]
Hodng Chung , Ly Phuang Bdc
cao hon trong trpt nhung dja phuong dang g$p nhieu kho kh5n ve thirc an ( T A ) xzmh cho dan gia sue, vi tir Iruoc den nay nguon T A chinh cda gia siic chii >eu ta T A I\r nhien, mo hinh chan nuoi d day la mo hinh chSn tha t y nhien.
Nfim 2009 huy?n Lyc Ng?in co d v an "Trong CO cao sdn VA06, chdn nuoi bo nhot tai chuong".
d c&c xa CO ti8m nfing phfit Irien chfin nuoi gia sOc day la huong d i budc d i u co IhS mang I^i hi?u qufi kinh l6 cao, dam bao phfit triSn bfin viJng nganh chfin nuoi a dja phucmg.
X u l t phfit tir nhfltig Iy do tr€n chung toi tien hanh de lai nghien cuu co ten n h u tren nhfim dSnh gifi mo hinh dang khai thfic T A gia sfic cho dia phucmg va hi?u qufi kinh t l ciia n6; trong thii nghidm them 4 lofii c6 6k so sfinh, d6 la c6 voi.
KHKT Chan nuoi So 10 - 2012
CHAN NUOI DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
long para, ngo vfi c6 Iau, dong th6i de xult mo hinh khai thfic TA cho dja phucmg.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Dieu tra trong dan
Xay dyng phieu dieu tra g6m cfic myc: Ten khoa hpe, ten Vi?t Nam, d^ng song, moi truang, dp nhieu, bp phgn sir dyng, hinh thiic khi sur dyng, nfing suat tan/ha.
Tryc tilp phong vln dan dja phuang ve m6i trirong song, sinh trudng, phfit triln timg Iogi c6, sy ngon mi$ng doi vdl gia siic.
2.2. Nghien ciru ngoiti Ihien nhien
L§p luyen dieu tra: Phan chia vCing nghien ciiru ra lam nhilu dilm cap cu vao dja hinh, ihiiy vfin, tham thyc vat. L^p cdc tuyln dieu tra di qua cac sinh cfinh. Thu mlu theo luyln dieu tra va l§p cac 0 lieu chuan trong limg sinh cfinh de thu mfiu.
Di?n lich 6 lifiu chuin Ifi Im^, thSng ke thanh phfin lofii trong 6, sau d6 cfit c6 sal dit dem vl xac djnh sinh khoi.
2.3. Nghien cuu bon loai cd trong
Tifin hanh trong thi nghi?m bon loai cd tren nen dat chan ddi tai xfi Kien Lao huyen Lyc N g ^ tinh Bfic Giang, vdi di^n tich 50 m /lofii.
- Thdi gian trdng: Ngfiy 05 thang 05/2011.
- Chuan bj dat: Cfiy dll sfiu 25 - 35cm, bira vfi cay Igi, vo cd dgi. Rgch hang sau 20cm, khoang each giifa cfic hfing Ifi 70cm.
- Phan bdn: Phan chudng: 2 kg/m^; Phan dam ure: 0,008 kg/m^ Phan Ifin: 0,006 kg/m^ Phfin Kaliclorua: 0,004 kg/m^. PhSn chudng, phan Ifin vaphan kali diing bdn Idl Iheo timg hdc khi trdng.
Phfin dam dimg dfi bdn sau khi lrong 20 ngay vfi bdn sau moi lu'aclt.
- Giong: Cd Lau, cd Voi, cd Idng Para dupc trong bfing gdc, moi gdc cfich nhau 60cm. Gdc cd banh te danh cfi goc xfin ngpn chi dl Iai 20 - 25cm, ch$l bdt re, xfi ra thfinh timg khdm nhd cd 3 - 4 dfinh. Ngd dupc trong bfing hgt.
- Chfim sdc: -i^au khi trong thi ludi nudc ngay, sau dd khofing each giDa cac Ifin tudi tfing dan. Trong miia hfi do mua nhieu nfin khdng can tudi nudc. Sau khi cd len vfi ngd mpc thi tiln hfinh trdng dfim nhiJng cfiy bj chll, lam cd dgi, bdn phfin dam vfi vun gdc. Sau moi lan cfit phfii lam cd dai, bdn phan ddi vdi ngd danh bdgdc cu va trdng lgi, nlu khdng mua thi tudi nudc.
- Thu cat:
+ Thu cfit lua dau: Khi cd cd Ihdi gian sinh trudng la 65 ngay
+ Thu cac lira sau:
Miia khd (tii thang 11 din thang 4) cfit 70 ngfiy/lua
Miia mua (lir thang 5 din thfing 10) cfit 60_
ngay/lira
Diing liem hoSc dao s3c cfit loan bd khdng de lai mfim de thfim cd lai sinh deu. Dp cao cfit gdc la 3cm.
2.4. Cac chi lieu Iheo doi
2.4.1. Theo dol nang sudt (NS) cua bdn lo</i co trong
Cat loan bd dien tich trpng cd, tir dd llnh ra NS kg/m^. NS trung binh dupc tinh tir NS ciia cac Ian cat. Xac djnh ty le phan than la theo phuang phfip Hoang Chung (2004).
2.4.2. Phdn loai vaphan tich mdu co - Mfiu thyc vgt thu dupc dem ve xac dinh ten cfiy theo khda phan logi hien hanh cua cac tac gia:
Nguyin Tiln Ban va cs (2003. 2005), Le Kha Kl vfi cs (1969, 1975), Pham Hoang H$ (1993), vfi mpl sd lai lieu lien quan den phan Iogi Ihyc vgt.
- Xfic djnh dang sdng: Chiing toi md la dgng sdng cua limg lofii theo phucmg phap ciia Hoang Chung (2004)
- Nghien cuu nfing suit: Theo phuong phap ciia Hoang Chung (2006)
- Danh gia chat Iupng cd trdng: Lfiy la bfinh tfi cua cd voi, cd Iau, cd Idng Para, ngd, sau do phan lich cac chi tieu: ham Iupng nudc, vgt chat khd (VCK), ham lupng protein, dudng, xa tdng
KHKT Chan nuoi So 10 - 2012 47
CHAN NUOI DQNG V^T VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
so, lipit. Cfic mSu dupc phfin tich lgi Vi§n Khoa hpe Sy s6ng - Dgi hpe Thfii Nguyen.
2.4.3. Phdn Uch mdu ddt
Lly mSu dll tgi cfic dilm lr6ng cd, lly 3 ling:
0 - lOcm. 10 - 20cm, 20- 30cm. Mau dit dupc phfin tich mpl s6 chi tieu: Xac djnh dO pH,Kci). xfic djnh hfim lupng miin (%), xfic djnh hfim iupng N (%). xfic djnh P2O5 (%) vfi K2O (%), Mlu dupc phfin lich tgi Vi§n Khoa hgc sy s6ng - Dgi hpe Ndng Lfim Thfii Nguyfin.
3. K^T QUA VA BAN LUAN
3.1. Dilu ki^n ty nhien, kinh ll xfi hpi ciia xa Kien Lao
* Vi tri dia ly. dia hinh: Kifin Lao Ifi mOt xfi miln niii ciia huy?n Lyc Nggn. Trung Ifim xa cfich Irung tam huy?n khofing 9 km vl phia tay. Dja hinh miln nui khfi phuc tgp, dll dai bj chia cfit bdi cfic khe suoi, doi mii va nhOng canh ddng. Dp cao trung binh so vdi mfit nudc biln la 100m, not cao nhat la 358,8m.
* Thai tiet khi hgu: Nam trong khu vyc Irung du vfi mien mii ciia tinh Bfic Giang.vi vgy khi hgu cua xa la khi hgu trung gian cua mien niii va miln ddng bfing. Ngofii ra dja ban xfi cung mang khl hau chung cua khi h^iu nhifit ddi gid miia ciia miln Bfic Viet Nam, cd hai mua rQ r?t Ifi miia ddng Ignh va miia he ndng am.
Nhi?t dp: Nh&ng thfing cd nhi?t dp cao nhat la tir thang 6 den thfing 9 (nhi?t dp < 29''C), miia ddng tir thfing 11 din thfing 3 nfim sau, nhi?t dp trung binh la 15,9*'C. Lupng mua trung binh nfim Ifi 1581,4mm. Mua tgp trung nhilu vao thfing 5 den thfing 9 chilm tren 78% tong Iupng mua.
* Bieu ki^n kinh ti xd iipl
Kifin Lao co 1.442 hp gia dinh, 6.622 nhfin khiu, trong dd ntt la 3.293 ngudi, nam la 3.329 ngudi. Gom cfic dan tdc Sfin chi, nung, kinh, hoa trong dd chli ylu Ifi nguoi dan tgc Sfin chi. Dfin so phfin bo d 10 thdn, nhilu nhat d thdn Cim Vfii, C6ng, Ndng.
Di^n tich tr6ng Iiia 373 ha nfing suit dgt SO tg/ha, di?n tich trbng ngd 79 ha sfin Iupng dgt 297
tin, di§n tich trong sfin 47 ha vdi sfin Iupng 133 tg/ha, di?n tich trong cfiy Vai thifiu 545 ha sfin lupng 1962 tan. Lucmg thyc binh qufin dgt 324kg/ngudi/nfim. Ngofii cfic cay irdng chfnh, ngudi dfin cdn tr6ng Ihfim mpl so cfiy trdng khfic nhu: Do tuong. Do xanh, Khoai lay, Lgc... vdi d i ^ lich khdng nhilu. Tong thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi dfin xfi Kien Lao 450O.OOOd6ng/nguW/nam.^
Tdm Igl; Xa Kien Lao cd dieu ki^n ty nhiSn thu^n Ipi cho phfit trien kinh tfi ndng nghifip nhung di^n tich dat dai khdng Idn, loan dan trong xa song chu ylu vfio nghe ndng nghifip vfi chii ylu thu nh^p lir tr&ng liia, sfin va cay vfii thilu nhung chua cd lu duy vfi thdi quen sfin xual hfing h6a nen gifi trj kinh le cdn nhieu ban chfi. Vi vgy tofin xfi can cd sy chuyln doi ca clu sfin xufit dl nang cao thu nh§p.
3.2. Ket qua dieu Ira tgp doan cfiy thuc an gia sue lai xfi Kifin Lao
Tgp doan cay TA cd gifi trj chfin nudi d day bao gdm cfi cay ty nhien va cay lrong. Cay ty nhifin dupc sir dyng mgt cfich thy dpng vfi qufi tfii, chung phan bd Irong cac bfii chfin, ddng cd, tham cd dudi rimg hay ven dudng di. Tgi day cilng dfi trdng mgt so giong cd cd NS cao nhimg vdi difin lich rat nhd vfi trong rfii rfic nen cung khdng cung d p dil TA cho gia sue Qua kit qufi dilu tra, cho Ihfiy lgp doan cay TA cho gia siic d xfi Kifin Lao chu ylu Ifi cay hp liia (Poaceae) cd 18 lofij chilm 60%; hp cue (Asteraceae) cd 2 loai (6,67%); hg khoai lang (Convolvulaceae) cd 2 lofii (6,67); hp thau dau {Euphorbiaceae) cd 1 lofii (3,33%); hp dgu (Fabaceae) chilm 10% cd 3 lofii; hp chuoi (Musaceae) cd I lofii (3,33%); hp cfi phe (Rubiaceae) cd I loai (3,33%); hp thfii Ifii (Commelinaceae) cd I Ioai (3,33%); hg cdi {Cyperaceae) cd 1 Ioai (3,33%).
Nhu vgy cd thl thay rfing, thanh phfin lofii ciia lgp doan cfiy ty nhifin tgi Kien Lao kha da dgng vfi phong phii trong dd cd nhilu lofii ma gia sue rlt thlch fin nhu: Cd Ifi tre, cd m§t, cd ga, cd vimg... ngupc Igi s6 lofii cfiy trdng cd thl khai lhac Ifim TA gia sdc tgi day tuong ddi ngheo nfin. Mpt vai hp gia dinh trong giong cd nhgp n^i cd NS cao la nd voi, cd VA06, nhung vdi di?n tich khdng 48
CHAN NUOI DONG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
dang kfi, chu yeu Irdng xen vdi cfiy vfii thieu vdi myc dich Ifim TA bd sung ciing vdi phy pham cfiy Irong khfic nhu rom, than va la cfiy ngd, lfi lac.
khoai lang.
3.3. Md hinh chfin nuoi gia sue t^i xfi Kien Lno 3.3.1. Mo hinh chSn audi gia siic quy mo gia dinh
Dfi danh gifi quan h? ca clu TA vdi hifiu qufi md hinh kinh doanh cua timg gia dinh, chiing tdi dfi khfio sat d mpt sd gia dinh thugc hai md hinh khfic nhau, dd Ifi gia dinh dng Hfii d Thdn Ho Bdng va gia dinh dng Tran Vfin Trudng d Thdn Hp.
* Hifu qud mo hinh chdn nuoi irdu ihii Gia dinh dng Hai d Thdn Hd Bdng nudi trfiu tir nfim 2005, mdi dfiu c6 7 con (4 dye vfi 3 cai).
Phuong thuc chfin nudi cOa gia dinh la tha trau vao rCmg (rung md, bgch dan, keo) chifiu t6i dua vfi chudng. Trong miia ddng cho fin them rom va inpt so Iogi cay cd khfic (than chuoi. la chit, lau, Ifi ntia, khoai lang.. .). Den 2010, trdng 1 sfio cd voi vfi Ifi TA bo sung them trong miia dong, miia hfi khdng diing dfin. Nh&ng con dfi, con dm dupc fin them TA linh.
Vfi hifiu qufi kinh te: Tinh den 2011, tdng so dan trau ciia gia dinh la 15 con (8 dye, 7 cfii), so con da ban la 10 con trong do cd 7 con dye vdi gifi khoang 16 trifiu/con va 3 con cfii vdi gia khoang 12 trifiu/con, ldng sd liln Ihu dupc Ifi 148 trieu dong. Hien nay gia dinh cdn long dfin Ifi 5 con (1 dye, 4 cfii) gifi Irj khoang 75 trifiu ddng. Nhu vay qua 6 nfim chfin nudi trau theo md hinh chfin tha lu nhifin m5i nfim gia dinh thu tir chfin nudi khofing 20 tri^u dong sau khi dfi trir dfiu tu ban dau.
* //iff« qua mo hlnh chdn nuoi bo thit Gia dinh dng Trin Van Trudng d Thdn Hp, nudi bd Ihjl tir nfim 2006 theo phuong thirc bfin chfin thfi, Iiic dfiu Ifi 24 con toan Ifi bd cai sinh sfin vdi gia khofing 4 trifiu ddng/con, tdng vdn Iuc dfiu khofing 96 tri^u dong. Din cuoi 2007 dfi 8 con, vfi dng dl nudi hit. Dfin 2010 ong bfin hit cfi dfin bd Ihjt long tifin la 224 trifiu dong. Nhu vgy vdi thdi gian nudi Ifi 4 nfim, chua trir chi phi dng Ihu ve khofing 128 trifiu.
Qua tim hieu chung tdi dupc bilt gia dinh dng Trudng chi tan dyng ngudn TA rat don gian, chii yeu tgn dyng cd ly nhifin c6 sin, trdng khoang 0,5 ha cd voi vdi NS khofing 200 tan/ha/nfim, cd trong ciia gia dinh dng chi du cho 1 con/ngay klioang 11 kg cd tucri, cd ty nhien NS thap nfin cung chi dii cung d p khoang 7 - 8kg/con/ngfiy. Mua cam moi ngfiy (2kg/con) d n 48 kg (4000d/kg). Trong 48 Ihang dng Trudng phfii diing 69.120kg cam. tong chi la 276.480.000d, cao han rlt nhilu so vdi so liln ban bd. CJ md hinh nay dng dfi phfii bii Id 148.480.000d chua tinh cdng chfin nudi cua gia dinh. Nguyen nhan Ihit bgi la do khdng cd sy chuan bj day du ve khau TA, khdng dau lu tham canh diing muc nen Ihu nhgp cua ca dan bd cdn bj hgn che nhieu.
Qua dieu tra tinh hinh chfin nudi d xfi Kien Lao chung tdi thay, ngudi dan chfin nudi d day chil yfiu la dya vao nguon cd tu nhifin, cd trdng cd nhung phan ldn van la trdng xen canh NS thap vi the hieu qua chfin nudi chua cao.
3.3.2. Hieu qua md hinh diim "Trdng co cao sdn VA06, chdn nuoi bo nhot tpi chudng"
Nam 2009 ba gia dinh dng Vi Van Tin, dng Tran Dinh Vfin, d lang Cha va dng Chu Van Say d lfing Ri tham gia md hlnh diem "Trdng cd cao san VA06, chan nudi bd nhdt lai chudng", dy fin do Phdng Ndng nghifip - PTNT huyen Luc Ngan trien khai tai xa Phong Van.
Md hinh thyc hifin theo phuong thirc du an va nhfin dfin ciing lam. Dy an dau tu 100% gidng, phan hoa hgc, hudng dan ky thugt. Ngudi dan ddng gdp dat, cdng lao dgng, phan chudng. San phfim thu dupc tir md hinh cfic hp dupc hudng 100%. Ngoai ra, mdi hd dupc hd trp khofing 20 trifiu ddng bfing 50% kinh phi mua 4 con bd cai sinh san, hd trp mgt phfin kinh phi xay dyng chudng trgi chfin nudi Iheo quy chuin. Kit qufi qua 4 thang triln khai (lu 20/5 den 27/9), md hinh budc dfiu da Ihfinh cdng, cd VA06 sinh trudng vfi phat Iriln Idt, NS dgt khoang 450 - 500 lln/ha/nfim, mpl nfim cd the thu hogch 5 - 6 lOra.
Vdi NS nhu v|.y thl trdng I ha cd VA06 se dfip ung du TA xanh cho khofing 50 con bd giai dogn Irudng thanh.
KHKT Chan nuoi So 10 - 2012
CHAN NUOI DONG VAT VA CAC VAN D^. KHAC
3.4. Thyc nghifm trfing cd
3.4.1. Chiiu cao cua thdm cd qua cdc li'ra cdt Thdng thudng doi vdi cfic lofii cd trong thi lira cfit dau lien sfi dupc d t sau khi lr6ng 65 - 70
ngfiy, vl v$y chiing tdi dfi quyll djnh d t lira diu ciia bon lofii cd thi nghifim lfi 65 ngay. Cfic liia cfit sau chimg tdi xfic djnh tren hai lifiu chuin ifi chieu cao cua thfim cd vfi thai gian sinh trudng cua n6.
Kit qufi thyc nghi?m dupc trinh bay trong Bfing 1.
Bfing I: Chiiu Clio cua cd Ihl nghifim {Ngfiy tring: 5/5/2011) NgSy c5t
08/07/2011 22/08/2011 06/10/2011 03/12/2011 5/02/2012
Ngfty clll Chilu cao cua cd (cm)
Lfing Parn 174
165 170 145
124 145 123 100
Ng3
Trung binh
Qua Bfing 1 cho thiy chilu dgt cao trung binh cao nhat Ifi cd voi (150,8cm); sau dd din ngd (149,5cm), cd Idng Para (116,4cm) va thap nhll Ifi cd lau (105,8cm). Nhin chung chilu cao ciia 4 lofii lofii cd nay gifim dan qua cfic lira d t , chieu cao cao nhit dgt dupc d lira d t dau tifin vfi thip nhll la d Ilia d t thir nfim. Rieng doi vdi ngd chieu cao giam din qua cfic lira d l ngofii finh hudng khdng thugn lpi cua Ihdi tilt khi hgu cdn cd nguyen nhfin la do sau moi Ida d t , ngd dupc trong Igi bing hgt vi thfi chua dli thdi gian sinh trudng nen chieu cao
cua chung gifim mgnh, 3 lofii cd cdn Igi cd sfin ngudn dinh dudng d gdc d l dt} lgi cho sy phfit triln d lira lifip sau.
3.4.2. Nang sudt cua co thi nghif m Chiing tdi da theo ddi NS cua cd d limg lura d t bfing cfich d t loan bp d thi nghiem, trfin co sd dd linh ra NS Irung binh ciia mpl lira cfit. Chung tdi da tifin hanh thi n^i^m lir Ihfing 5 nfim 2011 dfin thfing 2 nfim 2012, kit qufi cua timg lira ell dupc the hi?n qua Bfing 2.
Bfing 2: Nfing sull cd Ihf nghifim
Ngiy cSt NSngsuilttuvi(ke/m^)
Co voi 4,20 4,60 4,40 3.80 3,02
L6ng Para 4.10 4,'J.l 4.78 4,00 3,85
Co lau 3.80 4.40 3.90 3,56 2,95
NgS 3.76 3,54 3,43 3.25 2.98 08/07/2011
22/08/2011 06/10/2011 05/12/2011 05/02/2012
Trung binh 3,392
Qua Bfing 2 cho Ihly, NS trung binh cao nhll qua nfim Iiia d t Ifi cd Idng Para (4,332 kg/m') vfi thap nhat la ngd (3,392 kg/m^). NS cua cd dgt cao nhit d Ilia d l thir hai la cd Idng Para 4,93 kg/m^;
cd voi 4,60 kg/m^; cd lau 4,40 kg/m^ va ngd NS dgt cao nhit d lira d t dau tifin 3,76 kg/m^ Sd dT NS ciia cd Para, cd vol, cd Iau dgt cao nhit d lua d t
Ihli hai vi Iuc nfiy cd sinh trudng rat manh va cd (K rat dfiy con it cfic lua d t tilp theo NS ciia ba loai nfiy giam dan. Rifing ddl vdl ngd, NS dgt cao nhSl d lira d t dfiu tifin cdn cac lira sau giam do dupc trong Igl bfing hgt vfi chira du thdi gian sinh trudng.
Thi nghidm cua chiing tdl mdl dupc 9 thfing, nlu khfip kin 1 nfim cdn thu dupc 1 Ilia nita vfi 50
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neu lly NS cua cac lira d t nfiy lam gia tri t""ungbinh vl NS ciia bdn lofii cd nay Ihi Irong mgt nfim tren 1 ha dfit trdng vdi sd liia d t la 6 thi cd thl thu dupc 203,5 tin cay ngd, 223,3 tin cd lau, 240 tin cd voi vfi 260 tfin cd Idng Para.
3.4.3. Chat lugng cda bon lodi cd thl nghifin
De danh gia chat lupng ciia bdn loai cd trdng thi nghi?m d xfi Kien Lao, chimg tdi da lay mau cita cac gidng cd Ihi nghiem tgi cfic thdi diem thu d t vfi phan tich thfinh phan hda hpe cua chiing (mau cd lly ngay 5/10/2011). Ket qua phan tich dupc trlnh bay trong Bang 3.
Bfing 3: Chll luyng cd Ihi nghifin
Tin mau Co voi Lfing Para Co lau Ngo
V C K ( % ) - 21.87 23.69 30.13 24.5!
Protein ( % ) 3.59 3.79 4.93 4.50
% C h i l t Itho Du'frng t ^ n g s
1.23 0.46 0.86 0.43
; 6 { % ) L i p i t I l i 6 ( % ) 0.54 0.44 0.77 0.73
X f f t h 6 ( % ) 6.50 7.63 8.84 6.48
Cac giong cd Ihi nghi?m cd ly Ifi v§l chat khd (VCK) tir 21.87% den 30,13%, cao nhit lfi cd lau (30,13%). Cfic giong ngd, cd Idng Para, cd voi cd ty Ie Iln lupt Ifi 24,51 %; 23,69%; 21,87%.
Ty le protein trong cd ctia cd lau dgt cao nhfit 4,93% lrong khi dd cd voi thfip nhit chi dgt 3,59%. Cfic gidng ngd, long Para lan lupt cd ty Ifi protein la 4,50%, 3,79%.
Ham luang dudng ciia bdn loai cd Ifi kha cao, cao nhfit Ifi cd voi 1,23%, thfip nhll la ngd 0,43%.
Hai lofii cd Iau, long Para cd ham luang dudng Ifin lupt la 0,86%; 0,46%. Ham lugng lipit ciia bdn Ioai cd iln lupt tir cao xudng Ihip la cd lau (0,77%), ngd (0,73%), cd voi (0,54%), Idng Para (0,44%). Hfim lugng xo ciia cd Iau cao nhit trong Bang 4: Sl dun vj thfic fin lrong
bdn loai cd 8,84%, thap nhat la ngd 6,48%; cd Idng Para lfi 7,63%, cd voi 6,50%.
Nhu vgy nlu linh ra NS chat khd thi cd lau dgt 67.28lln/ha/nam cao hem hfin ngd (49,87 tln/ha/nfim), cd vol (52,48 lln/ha/nfim) va cd Idng Para 61,59 tan/ha/nfim.
Dfi danh gia chat lugng cua bdn loai cd Irdng tgi xa Kien Lao chiing toi da so sanh ham Iupng cfic chit dinh dudng cd Irong cd vdi sd lieu cua Vifin Chfin nudi (VCN) (1995) va sd lifiu cua Lfi Thj Thiiy (2010). Sd lieu dupc thl hien trong Bang 4:
Ikg cd tuoi ciia 4 lofii cd trong
T e n CO Co voi VCN Long Para VCN Co lau La Thj Thiiy Ng6
VCN (ngam sifa-than Id)
VCK 1 21.87
20.80 23,69 19,14 30.13 18,98 24,51 21,40
Protein 3.59 1,93 3,79 1,82 4,93 2,16 4,50 2,50
Lipit 0.54 0,67 0,44 0,50 0,77 0,43 0,73 0,70
X<r 6,50 7,86 7,63 0.43 8.84 7.23 6.48 4.40
D u ^ g 1.23
0,46
0,86 0.34
Don vi TA 0.158
0.159
0.204 0.124 0.163
Qua bfing trfin cho thay, hai chi lieu quan va protein cua b6n Ioai cd dupc trdng thi trong danh gia chit lugng cfic gidng cd la VCK nghl?m d xS Kien Lao dfiu dgt cao han sd Il$u
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CHAN N U 6 I DQNG VAT vA CAC VAN Pfc KHAC
thu dygc ciia Vl?n Chfin nudi vfi ciia Lfi ThjThiiy vfi cd thl thiy rfing chll lupng dinh dudng cua cfic lofii cd cd sy biln dOng rlt Idn lrong cfic dieu kifin khl h§u, tho nhu&ng vfi kJ thu^l chfim sdc khfic nhau.
So dan vj TA cd lrong 1kg cd tuoi thl cd lau cd dan vj TA cao hon hfin so vdi ba lofii cd cdn lgi (0,204 DVTA) trong khi dd cd voi vfi ngd dugc ndng dan lrong vdi difin tich ldn vfi pho bien cd so don vj TA Iln lupt Ifi 0.158 DVTA, 0.163 DVTA cdn doi vdi cd long Para so don vj TA hi 0,159,
Nhu vgy cd thl Ihly ring cd lau lfi loai cd ly nhifin cd so don vj TA rat cao nhung chua dupc nghifin cinj vfi khai thfic nhieu phyc vy chfin nudi gia sue. Cd tdng Para dgt dupc NS vfi chit lupng tot vi vgy cin dugc nhfin rpng va dua vfio ca cau cay cd chinh sii dyng cho trfiu, bd tgi dfiy.
3.5. Tinh ngon mipng ciia gia sue dol vdl bon giong cd
Mdi lofii gia siic thich fin nhung logi TA khfic nhau. Tfnh ngon mifing ciia gia siic phy thupc vao chfit lupng TA cua mdi lofii cd; cd non cd tinh ngon mi?ng hem cd gifi. Chung tdl d l bdn loai cd vfio cimg budi sang vdi khdl lupng moi lofil Ifi
10kg va dfi rifing mdi ddng cd nhung each nhau 3m rdi tha 5 con trau va 5 con bd trudng thfinh ra va cilng cho fin vao liic 8 gid sang, cho gia sue ty chpn rdi dfinh gia. Tat ca trau vfi bd deu chpn cd
Idng Para fin trudc, khi lupng cd Idng Para het chiing chuyln sang fin ngd roi sang fin cd voi; khi an hit ba lofii cd tren chiing mdi tim dfin an cfi lau. Doi vdi cd Iau thi tit cfi nhiJng con bd thfi ta diu an ngay nhung cdn dl Igl phan ngpn Ifi; ddi vdi irfiu chung fin mpt cfich ludng ly vfi chiing chi fin phan cdn non ciia Ifi.
Tir kit qufi quan sfit cho thiy sy lua chpn TA ciia hai lofii gia sue vdi bdn loai cd thi nghi?m Ifi tuang doi giong nhau. Cd ldng Para ludn la sy lya chpn diu tifin ciia trau vfi bd vi than nhd, mfim, thorn nfin dp ngon mifing rlt cao, khi lugng cd Para hit chiing mdi chuyln sang fin ngd roi tnin din cd voi. Theo quan sal ciia chung tdi thi tinh ngon mi^ng cua gia siic vdl cd Para vfi ngd khfic nhau khdng dfing kfi. Cd Iau Ifi sy lya ehgn sau ciing ciia gifi sue khi mfi cfi ba loai cd tren dfi het;
cd lau khdng dupc hai lofii gia siic chpn nhifiu Ifi do cd lau cd Ifi cimg, rap, sic do dd trfiu vfi bo khdng thich fin.
3.6. Lugng fin vfio cua gia siic doi vdi ck giong cd
Chung tdl d l bdn lofii cd vfio cimg thdi gian va ciing cho gia sue fin vfio 8 gio sfing vdi khli lugng moi lofii tfi 14kg. Ngay dau tifin chung tdi cho cfi trau bd fin cd Idng Para; ngfiy thii hai fin ngd; ngfiy thir ba fin cd lau; ngfiy thu tu fin cd vol.
Ket qufi dupc trlnh bay d bfing sau:
Bfing 5: Luyng c6 fin vfio cua gia sOc dli vdi bin lofii c6 Gidng cii
Co 16ng Para Ngo Co lau C6V01
TA dira via (kg)
14 14 14 14
TrSu TA Suifc in
(kg) 13.95 13,8 11,5 13,1
•A
99,64 98,57 82,14 93,57
TA dira vio (kg)
14 14 14 14
Bl, TA dir^rc in
(kg) 13,9 13.5 12.6 13.5
V.
99.29 96.43 90 96.43
Kit qufi d bfing trfin cho Ihly: Ty 1^ sir dyng ctia trau bd doi vdl b6n loai cd la khfi cao (82,14 - 99,64%) vfi ty 1$ sCr dyng cda trau. bd khdng khfic rihau nhilu. Trong bin Ioai cd trfin thi ty I? sii dyng cda trfiu, bd vdi cd long Para
va ngd lfi rlt cao (96,43 - 99,64%). Do dfic diem cua cd long Para than nhd, mfim, cd miii thom, v| ngpt, nfin gia sue cd dp ua thich cao hon cfi.
D6i vdi ngd va cd Iau ty 1$ sir dyng cung kha cao 82,14%-98,75%.
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CHAN NU6l DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
Cd lau tuy la lofii cd VCK vfi proiein cao han cfi trong bdn loai cd, nhung do dfic dilm lfi cimg, rap, sfic da gfiy khd khfin cho gia site khi sir dyng.
Qua bang tren cho thiy, cfi bon lofii cd diu cd thl cho gia siic fin tuoi. D$c bi?t doi vdl long Para nen cho gia siic fin ngay sau khl thu d t vi liic dd cd cdn tuoi nen van giO' dupc mlu sfic vfi huang vi thom ngon cua nd. Dfi tang hifiu qufi sir dyng, cung nen cho gia siic fin ngd. cd voi ngay sau khi dl. Rieng vdi cd lau. cd thl bam nhd hofic u chua, khi do cd se mim hon, gia siic thich an lion. Cd Iau cd ty Ie VCK cao, protein cao nfin cd thl lfim b^t cd thi hifiu qufi kinh tl sfi cdn cao han nCta.
3.7. De xuat md hinh giai quyll Ihirc fin xanh Tdng dfin gia siic cua va Kien Lao nfim 2011: 845 con trau. 186 con bd, tinh binh quan thi dgt 0,16 con trfiu hofic bd/ngudi. Tong sd difin tich cd trdng dk chfin nudi trau, bd cCia xfi la 1,8 ha vdi NS, dgt khoang 150-180 tan/ha/nfim, TA
• hang ngfiy cua dan gia siic chii yfiu dupc khai thfic d cfic bai cd ty nhien hay cd dudi cfic tan rimg (0,8 tin cd/ha) va lgn dyng sfin phfim du thiia Irong trdng trpt.
Theo thdng ke, difin tich dfit cho sfin xufit nong nghifip ciia xfi la 741ha. Binh quan difin lich dat ndng nghiep la 1119m^/ngudi, difin tich dat binh quan tren dau ngudi khdng cao, cho nen khi phat triln dfin gia siic xfi cfin lgn dyng hit sd dat bang, dat cd dp dde khdng Idn chua sir dyng dfi trdng cd va trdng cfic cay khae. De thyc hlfin md hlnh chfin nudi gia dinh Ihi mdi hp gia dinh can xfic dmh hai logi hinh dat chfin thfi vfi dfit Udng cd. Nfiu gia dinh dfinh ra mpt difin tich dit khofing 3000m^ dfi trdng cd cho chfin nudi, vdi
cd VA06 hofic loai cd khfic cd NS binh quan dgt 200 tin/ha/nam, vdi lugng TA la 30kg cd/con/ngay dii nudi 7 con bd Irong cfi nam.
Ngofii ra cd the tan dyng cac sfin pham khfic ciia ngfinh trong trpt vfi sfin phim phy ciia sfin xult ndng nghifip dl tfing dinh dudng trong TA hang ngfiy cho vgl nudi, Ifim TA cho vy ddng. Tren di?n lich dfit tring cd nfin trong 3 - 4 lofii cd vl gia siic khdng fin 1 lofii. Cfic lofil chiing tdi da trong thli nghifim deu cd the diing dl trdng.
Miia he tir thfing 4 din thang 10 can chan Ihfi dl tan dyng cac bfii cd tu nhien vdi mgt dp 2 con/ha. Cd Irdng de cho fin bd sung khoang I5kg/con/ngay, cd thira miia hfi dupc diing lfim cd khd hay u chua. U chua Ifi mgt kJ thuat bao qufin TA thd xanh. Tgi day TA trai qua qgfi trinh len men, qua trinh nay cho phep bao qufin tot TA vfi lam cho nd dfi ddng hoa. Miia ddng se cho fin rom, than la ngd, cd trdng tuoi vfi khd (it chua), nfiu cd thfi cho fin them 1 kg bgt/con/ngay.
4. KET LUAN
- Tfip doan cay thuc fin gia siic tgi xa Kien Lao phong phu vfi da dang trong dd cd hda thfio cKiem ty le cao vfi nhifiu lofii cd chat lupng Idt.
Tuy nhien, nang sua! cd tu nhifin cdn thap va ngay cfing bi thofii hda do khai thfic qufi mirc.
- Tap doan cd trdng phuc vy cho chfin nudi ciia xa Kifin Lao nen Ifi VA06, cd Ldng Para, cd Vol, Ngd va cd Lau.
- Cd Lau Ifi loai cd ty nhien rat de Irdng vfi cd nfing sull cao, chfit Iupng lit nhung nhifiu chat xa ciing nen dg ngon mifing kem cd the trdng de Ifim cd li chua hay bdt cd.
Evaluating the effectiveness of some models of cattle food in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province
Hoang Chung, Ly Phuong Bac
Kien Lao, a mountainous commune in Luc Ngan District (Bac Giang Province), has many natural advantages to develop agricultural economy and raise cattle. However, breeding cattle In the commune mainly bases on natural meadows. In fact, the productivity of these meadows does not meet the need of
KHKT Chan nuoi So 10 - 2012
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CHAN NliOl DONG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
cattle; therefore, the economic cITcctivencss is till low. To develop steadily and Improve economic effectiveness of raising cattle In Kien Lao, the natural meadows need exploiting suitably. In addition, the area of grass should be widened. The best kinds of grass for the soil in Kien Lao are VA06, Pennlsetum purpureum, Zea mays L. I3rachiaria muticji. Saccharum arundlnaceum Retz. Saccharum arundinaceuin Retz is a kind of weed that has high productivity and good quantity, but it Is hard and contains a lot of Hber so Saccharum arundlnaceum Retz seems lo lake away cattle's appetite. Il can be used to produce fermentation grass and grass powder.
Key words: Luc Ngan. cattle, cattle food, grass
TAI L i t u THAM KHAO
1 NguySn Ti^n Bdn - Nguyin Khllc Khfli - VQ XuSn Pliuoiig (2003. 2005). Danh hic cdc hdi ilivc v^l I 'n'' Nam. t(lp 1,2..1 Nxb NOng nghi$p. I iii NOi.
2 HoAng Chung (2004), i'>diig co vims: nui phia tide I let Nam. Nxb Ndng nghidp. I \k N^i
3. Ho&ng Chung (2006). Cdc phuang phdp nghiSn ciiv qudn xa thirc vgl, NxbGISodvc.
4 Plijm Hoing HQ (1991. 1992. 1993/ Cdy co Vi^t Nam. 6 l§p, An Illustrated I'iora of Viet Nam - Montreal
Lc Khri Ke (chu biSn) - Vu VAn Chi - VQ Vin Chuyfin - Phan Nuujcn Hong - Do Tat L ^ -Thii Vlin Trirng (1969. iy7&). Cdy co thirang Ihdy a Vifl ' Nam, Nxb khoa hpe k5> Ihu^l. I Id N$i.
La Thj Thu>, (2010), Ddnh gid ndng sudt. chdt luvng vd khci nang khai Ihdc hai lodi co cd nguon goc l\r nhiin igi huyfn Yen San linh Tuyen Quang, Lu$n van thflc si - Tru&ng Oji hpe Su p h ^ - D^i hpe Thii NguyOn,
Vi|n Clifln nudi (1995). Thdnh phdn va gid Iri dinh dudmg ihiic dn gia siic. gia cdm Cipf \am, NXB N6ng nghiOp-
DANH GIA THlTC TRANG NGUON THlTC AN GIA SUC CUA XA TAN HU^ONG, HUYEN PHO YEN, TINH THAI NGUYEN
1. MO DAU
Ph6 Yen la mpt huy?n nong nghi?p trgng diem ciia linh Thai Nguyen, hifn dang rlt can s^r dau lu cho phdt triln nguon thuc Sn (TA) xanh dl cung c5p cho chan nuoi d^i gia sue. Cung da co mpt so dy an dua mpt vai giong co v^o trong yk cung d3 thu dugc nhilu ket quS. Tuy nhien vln c6n CO nhung h^n che do thoi quen hay do y thtic chua thgt diJng ciia dan dja phuong, d6ng thoi cung thieu mo hlnh c6 stjc thuyet phyc cao dl ngudl dan hpe t|p nen thgrc tr^ng khai thdc TA ' Tru&ng Vfln H<Sa I - B$ Cflng An (xa Luang Son - Tliinh phd Thjii NguySn)
^ Trudng D^i hpe Sir ph?m. D(ii hpe Thai Nguyfen
• Tic gia d^ lien hg: Nguyen Thj Nhu Quynh - Giio vifin Bp m6n Khoa hpe Tv nhien - Tnrimg Vfln H6a I - Bp Cong An (Luong Son - Thii Nguyfin). Difin tho(ii: 0974541363, Email:
quangquynhqq@gmail com
Ngiiven Thi ^hu Quynh'*. Hodng Chung van con nhilu diem ylu. Xuat phat tir nhu cau thyc lien do, chung toi tien hanh nghien ciru detii CO len nhu tren. nhSm; (/) D ^ h gia cac yeu lo moi tru&ng cua cdc Iham co ly nhien t^l dja phuong;
(ii) Thyc Ir^ng khai lhac cac ngudn Ihirc Sn (cfi ty nhien va cay lr6ng); vd {Hi) Dl xudt cac mo hinh khai thae TA cho dja phucmg.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN OTU 2.1. f)ti tuvng nghien curu
- Nghien cuu 16 hprp cdc dilu kien ty nhien.
- Nghien ciiu tgp doan cay TA gia sue.
2.2. Dja dilm v^ thM gian nghien cuu Nghien ciJru dugc tiln hanh Igl xa T^
Hucmg, huy?n Ph6 Y^n, tinh Thdi Nguyfin tir Ihang 5/2011 den thdng 4/2012.
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