CHIEU SANG

H VANB^OUAMTAM

CHIEU ^{S A N G}

C O N G TRiNH BENH VIEN

i]TS,KTS TT^AN V A N THANH • ASA tighling Design studios

Thi^t k^ chi^u s^ng t6t cho cOng trinh ki^n triic n6i chung v^ b$nh vi$n n6i ri$ng mang lai nhi^u loi fch khOng chi v^

m9t th5m mT, c6ng nang vS c6n c^ loi fch v4 kinh t^ v^ mOi trubng. Tuy nhifin, d^ ISm tfit phSn vific nSy 1^ chuyfin khdng h^ don giSn.

C O N G TRlNH BSNH V I ^ N V A D A C THU CUA THlfr K^ CHlfU SANG

Thilt k l chilu d n g Irong b$nh vi^n Ifi vfin d l duge nhilu nhfi nghifin cdu quan tfim bdi nhdng Igi (ch mfi n l mang lai T l i uu hda cdng nfing hoat d i n g d a bfinh vi§n qua vific ehilu d n g d i n g vfi diJ g i i p d c nhfin vifin Ifim vifie hi|u qufi vfi ehinh xfic hon, ttfinh nhfin cfim gific tifin nghi vfi nhanh h l i phue sdc khde. Bfin eanh dd, chilu d n g d n giup gia tfing tfnh I h l m m9 ciia khflng gian kiln tnic, giup tilt ki^m nfing lugng tilu t i n khing chi eho chilu sfing nhfin lao mfi d tilt k i l m nfing lugng Ifim mfit hay sudi d n g trinh t d vific tli uu hda phuang fin chilu sfing t y nhiln, che nfing t i l vfi gifim bde xa mfit trdi.

Tuy nhifin, thill k l ehilu sfing cho bfinh vifin Ifi m i l c i n g vific khfi phire tap:

T h d nhlt Nhin v l g l c d l ky thufil, I h l loai d n g trinh b i n h vifin t i n g hgp nhifeu loai hinh khfing gian vfi d n g nfing khfic nhau.

M i l khflng gian vfi d n g ndng lai d d c y l u d u cu t h l vfi chinh xfic nhu: khu khfim bfinh, khu nfli trO, khu v l Iriing, khu phlng m l . , . M l i t h l l o ^ phdng d yfiu d u chilu sfing rfit dfic Ihii khflng cht v l dfl n?i (illumi- nance, lux), mfi d n thfim quy dmh ch$t chfi v l d c tilu d l ky Ihufit khfic v l mde d $ ti$n

nghi n h u nhiel d d mfiu (Colour rendering, K"], d p hoan mfiu (Colour Rendenng Index, Pa), efic chi so ve do chdi va yeu cau ve vfi taing Ihe hten bang dd kin (Ingress prolec- (ton, IP),

M i l loai hinh bfinh vifin {t>finh vifin nhi, benh vifin d n , tai miii hong, l i m . ) lai cfi Ihem nhdng yeu cfiu dfic ihii khac nhau.

MSI khac, moi mfll benh vien lai cd phuong e n van hanh rifing. Do vay rai khd xay dyng jnol mo hinh hay h u o n g dan thiet ke chieu E^ng dien hinh c d i h e fip dung Chung cho tS ca eac t h l loai benh vien,

T h d hai, thiet ke c h i l u sang bfinh vien phfii quan tam den nhieu doi tuang s u dung khae nhau d n g u d i s d dung Irong Irang thai khong khde manh (benh nhan) va ca n h d n g n g u d i s d dung khoe manh (nhan vien, n g u a i nha, n g u d i tham benh), ddi khi phai xir ly trong cung mdt khong gian va ttwi gian Mot vi du la he thong c h i l u sang trong phong benh nhan lieu chuan quoc le phfii co 4 ehe do Che do cho benh nhan khi nghi ngoi ban ngay che do khi bfic sT vao I h ^ kham tienh ban ngay. che dd eho bfinh nhfin khi nghi ngai ban dem va ehe do eho y ta quan sat Ihfim t>enh vao ban dfim.

T h u ba la thach thuc ve viec can bSng gida bao dam linh kT thuat va linh tham my Do linh phuc lap ciia he thong vS cac yeu cau ky thuat, nhieu phuong an thiet ke chieu sang cho benh vien thudng nangve ky thuat, d a n dieu, linh tham my chua cao, T h u l u la van de ve van hanh, duy tu bao d u d n g vA ve smh Do linh chat ciia cong tnnh bfinh vien la hoal dong 24/24, nen cac thiet bl chieu sang can co tufli tho cao, it cSn duy lu bao d u d n g , nhal la Irong cac I<h6r>g gian vo tnjng. P h u o n g an thiet ke chieu sang phai Imh hoal, da nang va tich hop tot vdi cac he thdng ky thuat cflng trinh khac, Cac Ihiel bi s d dung phai lam l u vai lieu it phat thai ddc hai, de lau chiii, kin, khd bam bui v a v i khuan.

Thiel ke chieu sang cho benh vien can s y lich h a p va phoi h a p cao khflng chiviii k i l n Iriic ma cdn vdi cac he t h i n g ky tliuat j c a d i e n c f l n g t r i n h khac n h u dien, Ihdng tin.

dteu k h i l n tfla nha, P h u o n g an chieu sSng i

ttiudng phfii linh boat, c l nhilu chi d l phii hop theo mli d n g nfing vfi thdi gian khfie nhau, thudng lich hop vfio hfi thing qufin ly ciia t d nhfi (Building Management System, BMS).

Thd nam Ifi vin d l v l nfing lugng. Hfiu het cfic khing gian tifinh vifin diu sd dyng 24/24, rat nhieu khing gian khflng thl su dung finh sfing ty nhifin nhu phdng m l , X-quang. Cfic nghiln edu cho thiy tifiu tin nfing lugng cho chilu sfing chilm td 20 - 30% ling nfing lugng tifiu thy. Do vfiy vin d l dua ra mfit phuong fin chilu sfing d hifiu qufi nfing lugng cao Ifi r i l quan trgng.

Vific su dung finh sfing ty nhifin cfl thl giiip till gifim nfing lugng tifiu thy eho chilu sfing, nhung ciing phfii tfnh din nhung finh hudng sinh hoe dli vdi t)finh nhfin vfi birc xa mfit trdi gfiy hu hai cho thill bj y t l .

Thd sfiu Ifi vfin d l v l kinh phi, Ihflng Ihudng binh viln Ifi k>ai hinh cflng Irlnh d kinh phi khfi han h^p, mflt phfin eung Ifi do ehl phf eho viec xfiy dyng vfi mua sfim cfic thiet bj y t l khfi cao; phin kinh phi dfinh eho thiel bi chilu sfing thudng bi d l gifim tli da, dan din ehfit lugng chilu dng khflng cao.

THifr Kf CHlfU SANG - mjC TAI VA

YEU CAU B 6 I MOI

Tmdc thdi ky doi mdi, do bfinh vien la mflt the loai d n g trinh dac thii, hiu h l l dugc Nhfi nudc diu tu h d c d e nudc ban viln trg, cac phuong fin kiln tnjc vfi ky thufit cflng trinh trong thilt k l nguyfin thiy ban dau, tmng dd co d i l u sfing diu chii y bfim d t cfic tifiu d u i n k9 thufit quIc gia (vf du nhu Bfinh vifin Chg Rly, Bfinh vifin Thing Nhlt, Bfinh vifin Nhfin Dfin Gia Dinh...).

Tuy nhifin, mflt vin d l phat sinh thudng thSy trong cfic bfinh viln xfiy dyng thdi ky nfiy vin cdn sd dung din ngfiy nay Ifi d c thilt bi d i l u sfing nguyfin thCiy khing cdn hoat ding vfi da duge thay mdi, Tuy nhifin, vifie thay thfi chua phii hgp, m i l phfin Ifi do ngudi vfin hfinh ty thay thl, thieu ttiam Itfifio y kiln d a d c chuyfin gia, din din chat luong ehilu sfing chua tit. Mflt vl du rit phi biln Ifi phong trao thay thl cfic blng dfin hifin hihj bang bdng LED d l tiet kifim difin nhung ehua ehii ^ din efie ylu d u dfic thil d a chieu sfing binh vifin. Thfim vfio d l , vdi sy Ihay dli nhanh chflng v l khoa hoc vfi i dng nghi, efie Fluong fin chilu sfing vfi i thilt bj cO ciing trd nln lac hau, khing cfln ' phil hgp trong linh hinh hifin lai.

Sau dli mdi, ngdi mflt so bfinh vifin do : nhfi nude xfiy dyng, nhieu bfinh vifin d quy ' mfi khfic nhau do tu nhfin dau tu duoc xfiy

dung trfin nhilu dja phuong, trong dd d cfi nhdng bfinh vi§n do nudc ngofii diu tu vfi Ihilt k l nhu bfinh vifin Vilt - Phfip, bfinh vl^n QuIc t l Thfinh B l Hoa Ulm - Shangrila...

M$t vfin d l thudng gfip Ifi cfic d n g trinh bfinh vifin lu quy mfl vira vfi nhi, su dyng cfic tda nhfi hifin hdu cfii t^o lai Ifim bfinh vifin, dSn din sy ding b^ ha iSng ky thufit chua tit, khflng cd ^ kiln chuyin gia trong thilt k l chilu dng.

Thilt k l chilu sfing trong mflt s l bfinh vi^n cflng dugc xfiy mfli cung ehua phii hgp, mflt phSn do kinh phf han ehl, mflt phfin do thilu kiln thuc chuyfin gia, hofie ehua dugc quan Ifim dOng mdc Chilu dng thudng dugc xem Ifi h^ng myc phy, dugc thilt k l sau ciing, din din phuang fin chilu dng chip vfi, khing ding bfl, khing hifiu qufi.

Khi khfin Idn nhfit cOa ngudi thilt k l kiln tme ndi chung vfi thilt k l chilu sfing nfli rifing cho thl loai eflng Irlnh bfinh vifin d Vifit Nam Ifi thilu cfic tifiu chuin vfi hudng dSn ky thufit cu thl (5f efie nudc. thilt k l ehilu sfing cho d n g trinh bfinh vifin duoc quy dinh tror>g mflt t>fl tieu chuan rifing, vf dy nhu d Anh cfl tifl hudng d3n LG2: Lighting for Hospital & Healthcare Buildings do Hifip hfli kTsu Cong trinh (CIBSE) ban hfinh, d My d RP-29:Lighting tor Hospitals and Health Care facilities do Hifip hfli Thilt ke Chilu sfing My ban hfinh.

Thilt ke chilu dng trong bfinh vifin d Vilt Nam hifin nay vin ehii ylu dya vfio hai bfl tifiu ehuan chung Ifi TCXD - 29:1991:

Chilu sfing lu nhifin trong cing trinh dfin dung vfi TCXD-16:1986: Tifiu chuin thilt k l Chilu sfing nhfin lao trong d n g trinh dfin dung Ngofii ra d n cd cfic tifiu chufin vfi quy chuin xfiy dung d lifin quan khfic vfi sd dung nfing lugng hilu qufi, v l liln nghi vfi an tofin lao dflng, vfi d c tifiu chuin k9 ttiufit ehung d a B l Y tl.Tuy nhifin, hien Vifil Nam chua cfl mflt bfl hudng din chi till nfio v l thilt k l chilu sfing cho cflng trinh bfinh vifin.

Hifin nay, sinh vifin kien tnic vfi ky thufit ehua dugc dfio tao diing muc v l tfim quan trong cua ttiiet k l chilu dng trong d n g trinh. Cfic gifio trinh nay cdn nfing nhilu vfi ly thuylt, chuadl eao ttnh dng dyng, thilu cfip nhfit vfi gan ket vdi thye te, cfich ttip can v l thill k l chilu sfing d n qua nfing v l ky thufit.

Khi ra trudng hfinh nghi, KTS thudng khd ap dyng, chui yeu phd thfic vific thilt kichilu sfing eho d c ky su co - diln.

vfin d l thd ba, eiing vdi sy tiln bo cCia khoa hoc ky Ihuat, tfim quan trong d a Ihiet k l chilu sfing trong eflng trinh bfinh

vifin dng dugc xem trpng. Nhilu nghifin ciru cho thiy ehll luong finh sfing c l finh hudng quan trong din hfi sinh hoc eiia con ngudi.ThIm vfio dd, efie nhfi khoa hpc cung ehl ra rfing finh sfing finh hudng din nfing suit lao d|ng d a d e nhfin vifin y t l , giiip khuyin khich d c giao tilp xfi hfii giira ngudi su dyng. Vific lya ehpn phuong fin chilu sfing khflng chi gidl han trong vfin d l dng nfing mfi d n lien quan din d e vin d l khfic nhu dng cao tifin nghi sd dyng, tilt kifim nfing lugng, vfin d l v l vfin hfinh, duy lu bfio dudng vfi glfii quylt lit bfii lofin kinh l l .

Nhfin ra dugc tfim quan trong d a thilt k l chilu sfing trong tifinh vifin, tmng mfll d cflng trinh b^nh vi$n eao d p nhu dy fin khu y t l ky thufit eao Hoa Lfim - Shangnia fTR HCM), ehii diu tu da thufi ning lu vfin thilt k l ehilu sfing chuyfin nghilp. Trong cflng trinh nfiy, phuang fin thilt k l dugc dua ra tich hgp d chilu sfing niifin t^o vfi chilu sfing lu nhifin giiip khflng nhirng tilt kifim nang luong mfi cfln gia lang tifin nghi cho ngudi sd dung. Phuang fin chilu sfing cung tfnh din tinh linh hoal, lich hop ehl dfl chieu sfing phuc vy nhilu dng nfing khfie nhau trong cimg mil khing gian, d che dfl ban ngfiy vfi ban dim. Cfie thilt bj chilu sfing hau hit diu sddung loai efl v l kin, chong byi, d l vfi sinh, ft d o dudng. Phuong fin chieu sfing d n dugc kilm tofin ve nfing lugng d o dfim phil hgp vdi cfic tifiu chuin hien hanh. Ngofii ra, chieu sfing dnh quan mat ddng vfi bfin ngofii d n g trtnh cung duge quan tfim, gflp phan tfing gifi tri thuong mai eiia eflng trinh vfi ding gflp vfio m^ quan do thi.

Vific thilt ke chilu sfing tit cho cong trinh tifinh vifin Ifi rfit quan Irong. Tuy nhifin, do cflng trinh bfinh vifin Ifi loai hinh kiln tnic dac thii, d n d n g tfic ttiilt k l ehilu sfing c6n khfi phdc tap. Trong khi dd, hifin dVifit Nam vific dfio lao thilt k l chilu sfing nli ehung edn so d i , chua d t thye t l . Cfie tifiu chuan quoc gia chua cy the vfi duoc cap nhfit mdi. Vfin d l thiet k l chilu dng trong bfinh vifin chua dugc xem tnpng, chua ed y kiln cua cfic chuyfin gia Irong d giai doan ttiilt k l vfi vfin hfinh. Do vfiy, vific nfing cao nhfin thirc v l tam quan trpng d a thilt ke chilu dng trong binh vifin cho cfi chii dau lu, ngudi tinilt k l vfi ngudi vfin hfinh Ifi r i l d n thilt. Ngofii vific trang bj toi hon cho sinh vifin d e kiln thirc v l fip dyng thilt k l diilu sfing trong kiln tnic nfli chung vfi bfinh vien nil rilng, vific xfiy dyng vfi b£ui hfinh nhung hudng d§n thilt k l finh sfing bfinh vifin do d e chuyfin gia bifin soan cung Ifi vific can kip phfii thye hifin.