D I ^ N THlfdNG THCfC Q
May phat Oien gid 02 he canh Oong true - giai phap moii
CHO DIEN Gib THANH PHO HO CHJ MINH
Pham Quoc Bio - N g u y ^ T u a n Dung
T
hanh phd Ho Chi Minh nam trong viing nhiet ddi gi6 miia can xich dao. Hai hudng gio chinh va chii yeu la gid miia Tiy Tay Nam v i B^e - Dong Bic. Gid Tity -Tay Nam tif An Dd DUdng thoi vao trong mua mda, khoing tif t h i n g 6 - 10, toe do trung binh 3,6 m/s va gio thdi manh nhat vao t h i n g 8, toe do trung binh 4,5 m/s. Gid B k - Ddng Bac tif bien Ddng thoi vao trong mua kho, khoang tif t h i n g 11-2, toe do trung binh 2,4 m/s. Ngoai ra cd gio tin phong, hddng Nam - Ddng Nam, khoing tif t h i n g 3 - 5 tdc do trung binh 3,7 m/s.Theo thong ke, thdi gian co gid cap 1 trong n i m (< 5,6 m/s) l i 8 thing, gid cap 2 (5,6 - 6,4 m/s) l i 4 thing, Xa dao Thanh An (Can Gid) la xa dao duy nhat eua Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh chya cd dien lUdi qudc gia, la noi cd tiem nang dng dung nang lugng gid Idn nhat d t h i n h phd nay
Mot nghien cifu cua Dy an Nang luong Gid GIZ/MolT do Vien Ning lugng thyc hien tinh toan, phUdng an cd sd cua d y an dien gid vdi mdt s6 thong so co b i n nhd quy mo dy i n 30 MW (trang bl cdc tuabin gid c6 cdng suat 1,5 MW/tuabln), van toe gid 7 m/s, gia b i n quyen phat thai khi C02 xap xl 01 USD/ kWh,... v i siJf dung cdng nghe tif cie nydc My va Chau Au, dap dng du cac tieu chuan lEC ve dien gio (ndm trong nhdm cdc nhd sdn xuat tuabin gid hdng ddu the gidl, cd thi phdn bdn hdng Idn trong 3 ndm trd lai ddy...), thi suat dau tU cua d y an dien gio la 2,250 USD/kW Con neu sir dung cong nghe den tifTrung Quoc, thisuatdautUse la 1.700 USD/kW.
Vdi suat dau t y ndi tren, gia dien binh quan quy dan la k h o i n g 10,68
USD/kWh vdi thiet bi Chiu Au v i My. Cdn vdi thiet bi Trung Quoc, g i i ban dien cung la 8,6 USD/kWh. Gia ban nay cung dUdc tinh tdi thdi gian hoan von len tdi xap xi 20 n i m , thdi gian khau hao thiet bi la 12 nam.
NhUvay, so vdi mdc gia dien binh quan hien nay la 1.242 dong/kWh va gia ban dien gid da duge Nha nUde ho tra la 1.630 ddng/kwh - tydng duong 7,8 USD/kWh, thi vdi suat dau t y va thdi gian hoan von nhy tren, cac nha dau t y van chya the yen tam de tien hanh phat trien manh dang nang lugng sach nay. Dong thdi, vdi gia thanh dien gio ciia cac cong nghe
tren thi viec lya chgn cong nghe nao vdi gia thanh dien gid hien nay l i 7,8 USD/kWh van cdn la mdt cau hdi Idn eho cac nha dau tu.
Trong t h i n g 09/2011, d o i n chuyen gia do Giao sU, Vien si Anatoli Bakanov - Cdng ty CP He thong sang tao - Cong hoa Lien Bang Nga chuyen nghien cifu, san xuat che tao may phat dien gid siJf dung cdng nghe mdi da sang tham va lam viec tai TP.HCM.Tong Cdng ty Dien lyc TP.HCM da phoi hgp ciing Sd Khoa hge v i Cdng nghe TRHCM to chdc hgi thao ve he thong p h i t dien gid 02 he canh dong true, hieu
Dien Jk Do^i songl 29
E] DitN THlfdNG THifC
suat cao, suat dau t y thap va thdi gian hoan von nhanh, d i m bSo mang lai hieu q u i dau t y cho cac nha dau t d vao nguon nang lygng xanh - sach nay, gicii quyet dygc bai toan nan g i i i ve gia thanh dien gid trong giai doan hien nay, Hien nay, Tong Cong ty Di&n life TP.HCM dang phoi hgp cung Sd Khoa hge v i Cong nghe TP.HCM trien khai d y a n l i p dat thi diem 01 tram phat dien gid tai huyen Can Gid
v4 cdng nghi-kf thudt Dif an sCr dung may phat dien gio cong nghe mdi (02 hi cdnh ddng true quay ngugc chi^u nhau) do G i i o sU. Vien si Anatoli Bakanov - Cdng ty CP H^ thong s i n g tao - Cong hoa Li^n Bang Nga thiet ke.
che tao da dUde Vien Han lam Lien Bang Nga cap g i l y ehijtng nhan ket quS thyc nghiem.
InS-WlOOO la mdt cong trinh t6 hdp, m i thanh phSn cua to hdp nay baog6m:Turbinegidvcii hai he thong cinh quay dong tam (02hecdnh ddng true quay ngUfX chi4u nhau); Hop so da cap; May phat dien c6 dong dien xoay chieu c6 t i n sd c6 ^ n h [SOhodc 60 Hz); Thap quay; Cac he thong ho trg va cac coch^ hoat dong cung nhycac hethongfienhgp.
Trong thdi gian hoat dpng, trang thai tinh cuaturbinedi/oc d i m bao nhd he thdng phanh h i m , khi CO gio vofl van toe tren 2 m/s turbine b ^ dau quay quanh true may phat v i to hgp b i t dau hoat dpng.
Cie khoi quay ciia m i y hoat dong ngyge theo hudng ciia gict vdri bat ky van toe nao cua gio thi so lugng vong quay eiJa true van dygc giifnguyen.Trydng hgp, neu van toe cua gio g i i m thi cie vdng quay cua turbine g i i m nhifng toe dp cua m i y phat van dygc giCTnguyen. Cie thuat toan difgc hinh t h i n h n h i m d i m b i o cac vdng quay ciia tmc chuyen dong lien tuc tCr cac khoi quay trong hop so da cap. Van toe gio tang thi so lugng vong quay eua khoi quay tang len, nhUhg ngagc lai so vong quay cua may phat dien van dugc
301 B'f" ^ B^' ^on^
giCr nguyen. Do do, khong can phcii suf dung cac bg bien doi hay dieu chinh tan so eua dong dien dau ra.
He thong van hanh dugc vdi toe do gio thap tif 3 m/s den 25 m/s, dac biet phu hdp vdi dieu kien gio yeu tai huyen CSn Gid. Hieu suat chuyen doi tif nang lagng gid qua dien nang cao, hieu suat hCfu ich dong CO tr^n 70%, hon hai I5n so vdi loai truyen thong.
Do t d hop m i y p h i t inS-Wl CKX) khong ed cie di^m c i t toe dd, khong CO bo bien toe va bo bien doi tan so eua dong dien, nen nguon dien dau ra cua m i y phat rSt on dinh ve tan so va bien do. Do do, viec dau noi hda vao lydi dien quoc gia tA de dang v i khdng c i n sijf dung th^m cie bd phan phu t r g hoa dong bg, g i i m thieu dygc gia thanh cua cdng trinh.
v4klnht4:
Vdi hieu suit chuyen doi tif nang lygng gio qua dien nang ao, hieu suat hCflj ich ddng cd tr^n 70%, cdng them chi phi d i u t u x i y dyng thap hon khoing 1,5 lan so v«ii loai m i y phat dien gio truyen thong hien dang eo tren thj trUdng thi hieu quci kinh te do t d hop m i y phat dien gio lnS-W1000 mang lai l i rSx an tygng, hieu q u i dau t y caa
Vert CO che ho t r g cac d y an dien gio tai Viet Nam la 1.630 dong/kWh, tyong dyong 7,8 USD/kWh. chi phi dau t u khoSng 40 ty dong - tifong dyong 02 tri^u USD/01 t6 hop m i y phat dien gio InS-WlOOO, thdi gian k h i u hao thi^t bj l i 10 n i m thi thdi gian hoan von d y kien trong vdng 05 nim.Trong do chifa tinh den viec ban quyen phat t h i i khi CO, {gia trin thi tnfdng hiin khodng is USD/tdn - xdpxiOl USD/kWh) cung se mang lai Igi nhuan khong nhd cho cac nha dau t y phat dien gid b i n g cong nghe mdi niy.
V«'XdMJ-M6f(niUng:
Phat trien nang li/gng gio la hydng di phu hgp trong hanh dong gop phan g i i m t h i l u t i c d6ng ciia moi trydng khi suf dung nang lugng
hoa thach va dygc cu the hoa qua cie Nghj quy^t, Quy^t ^ n h eic cap;
Giii quy^t cie van de an sinh - xa hgi, xoa ddi g i i m ngheo va gSn vdi b i o v^ mdi trddng gdp phan d i m b i o an ninh nang lUgng va phat trien v i n minh do thj, thUc hien Nghi quy^t 18-NQ^W cua Bg Chinh trj ve djnh hydng Chien lyge phat tnen n i n g li/gng quoc gia Vi^t Nam den n i m 2020, t i m nhin 2050; D i m bio cung cap nguon dien eho cie khu vUc viing sau, viing xa, xa dio, co sd ha tang ky thuat yeu v i kinh te phat trien kho khan, chifa co he thong giao thong dydng bg noJ lien trung t i m huyen v i x i , viec cung cap dien rSt kho khan do khong dau noi dugc vao lydi dien quoc gia, gop phan Idn vao viec b i o v^ khu vifc sinh thai, thyc hien theo dung chii trUdng cua D i n g va Nha nydc trong viec suf dung nguon nang lygng xanh, giim hieu ufng nha kinh tham gia vao hanh dong ijfng pho chong bien doi khi hau toan cau.
Ngoai ra, to hop may p h i t dien gio lnS-W1000 dugc thiet ke dac biet theo quy trinh cong nghe hieu qua (02 hi cdnh ddng true quay ngUctc chiiu nhau), da dagc sijr dung trong ch€ tao may bay tryc thang, nen chat lygng hoat dong tren khdng linh hoat cho phep tan dung toi da nang logng g i d Dong thdi, khong phat d i i tan ha am d tat ca cac che do hoat dong, do d d an toan cho eon ngydi va dong vat. Cung nhy khong gay ra xao tron ve khi dong hoc nen khdng tac ddng den moi trUdng xung quanh.
TCr nhiJfng Igi ich khong ehi ve m i l kinh t ^ - xa hgi, m i cdn Igi I'eh ve m i t mdi tn/dng do duf an dem lai, thi he thong phat dien gio 02 he canh ddng true chSc chan se la mdt cong nghfe mdi khong the thieu trong viec lua chon giai phap cong nghe cOa cac nha dau t y vao phat dien gio - nguon nang lygng xanh.£)dng thdi, CO the xem d i y cung la giai phap v^
cdng nghe mdi cho di&n gio Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh va cua ch nifdc trong giai doan hien nay va s<iptdi.
