Phan tfch hien trang kien true nha pho thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
Analysis of current state of street house architecture in Ho Chi Mnh city
Ngay nhan bai: 16/02/2017 NgaysLfe bai: 15/3/2017 Ngay chap nhan dang: 5/4/2017
TOM T A T
Nha ph6 (NP) la m6t loai hinh nha d do thi l^u ddi va hien nay van dang chiera da the trong cac do thi Viet Nam. Bai bdo nay t^p trung vao vi^c phan tich hien tr^ng kien trilc va chat lifong m6i tri(c(ng ben trong (lEQ) cac ngoi NP tai thdnh pho H6 Chi Minh (TP.HCM). Quan 11, la quan noi thanh tap trung kha dong dan cii song trong lo?i hinh NP diloc chon lam tnt6ng h ^ nghien ciiu dien hinh. Nh6m nghien cilu da lay y kien cac chuySn gia lam vifc trong linh vUc quy hoach, kien triic hay quan ly hanh chinh, xa hpi tren dia ban kh&o sat. Tif do, mot cupe khao sat xa hoi hoc dui?c tiln hanh vcii sii tham gia ciia hon 400 ngU6i dan sinh song trong NP tai ddy. Tiep theo, 50 ngoi nha da diiijc Ida chon de do dac chi tiet kien tnic va cac thong sd vi khi h^u. Ket qua khao sat va mo phong bang phan mem CFD va VELUX la co sd de difa ra nhflng danh gia chung v^ lEQ trong NP tai dia ban khio sat. DQ lifu thu diipc cho thSy moi trUdng song hi^n tai ben trong NP dang geip nhieu van de ve tien nghi nhiet, thong gio td nhien (TGTN) va chieu sang td nhien (CSTN). Nguyen nhSn chinh dan den tinh trang nay la do thoi quen song c i a ngudi dan cUng nhU cac giai phap quy hoach va dac biet la giai phap kien triic NP chUa thUc sU thich Ung vdi 6iiu kien khi hSu dia phuong.
Tfi khoa: Nha phd, chat lUOng moi trUdng ben trong, tien nghi nhiet, thong gi6 tU nhien, chieu sang tu nhien.
ABSTRACT
Street house is an urban dwelling type that has long been present and until now this type of housing still dominates in Vietnamese cities. This paper focuses upon proposing architectural solutions enhancing indoor environmental quality (lEQ) in street houses in Ho Chi Mmh City.
District 11, a highly populated inner-city district of the city, was selected as the case study. A sociological survey was conducted there by 12 experts and more than 400 citizens with the goal of choosing 50 typical street houses for measuring detailed parameters of architecture and microclimate. Based on survey and simulation results, general assessments of lEQ in street houses at survey sites could be figured out. Basically, these data showed that numerous lEQ are feeing with problems of thennal comfort, natural ventilation and natural lighting. The main reason for this situation is due to human living habits as well as planning solutions and especially architectural solutions in street-house have not adapted to local climatic conditions.
Keywords' Street house, indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, natural ventilation, natural lighting.
TS. KTS. U Thi Hong Na
Giang vien, Khoa Ky Thu4t Xay DUng, TrUOng DH Bach Khoa - Dai hpc Qudc Gia TP.HCM.
TS. Do Dai Thang
Pho trudng ban KHTC. D?i hpc Qu6c Gia TP.HCM.
Le Thj Hong Na, Dd Dai Thang
1. Tong quan Theo d u bSo cua Td chile HOp tac va Phat trien Kmh te (OECD), Viet Nam dUng thU 3 trong danfi s^ch 10 qu6c gia chju ^nh hixdng nang ne nh^t cua bien doi khi hau.
Oieu nay ly giSi cho hien tUcrng nhiet do ngay cSng tang dSn trong moi trudng song do thi Vr?t Nam ma dien hinh ih lEQ trong NP. Qua trinh do thi hoi da bung phSt ve nhu cau d trong do thi. TP HCM la do thi CO dan so cao nhat nU6c, phan Idn la dan nhSpcUtCfc^c tinh khac. Theo k^t qua cua 'T6ng dieu tra dan so vi nha d Viet Nam nam 2009" thi hien nay tren dia ban TPHCM loai hinh NP la loai hinh nha 6 chiem da so vdi ty le 80%
t r o r g cac loai hinh nha 6. NhU vay, NP hay lEQ trong NP 1^ d6i tUOng can dUOc quan tam vi no lien quan den viec tao mdi trirdng vi khf hau cua tilmg ngdi nha va hon nCra la cua tong the cila khu vUc.
NP la mdt loai nha d n&ng 1^ d Viet Nam xuSt hien vao thi kj' 17 l i u diem ciia NP la co su t h u i n loi trong viec to chulc kinh doanh rieng 1^, kha nang xay dUng nhanh chong. linh hoat, phii hop vdi kha nang va d i l u ki&n sdng tCfng hd gia dinh, mang tinh rieng tU cao vi dap ling sU Ua thich sd huU ca nhan ci!ia ngUdi Viet [1]. Tuy nhien, moi trudng vi khf hSu trong NP tai cac do thj a^c biet la TP.HCM chUa dUOc quan tam diing miJc. Su phSt tnen va xay dUng tU phat, gi^i phap thiet ki cue bo, thieu khoa hgc cung vdi sU tac dong cua o nhiem mdi trudng do thi da d i n den sU suy gi^m nghiem trong chat lUOng mdi trudng sdng vi tien nghi vi khi hau ben trong nhS H i f n nay, sii xudng c^p lEQ trong NP 3nh hudng tnJc
tiep den dieu kien tien nghi cung nhif sdc khde cCia ngUdi dan dang d mUc dang bao ddng.
lEQ bao gdm c i c van de ve nhiet anh sang va khdng khf cua mdt cdng trinh cd anh hudng true tiep den dm giac thoeil mai, siJc kho6 cung nhu hieu qua l^m viec cua ngudi smh sdng b§n trong. Tuy nhien, mdt sd tac dong tieu cue den sdc khoe tinh than hay the chat (nhu benh tim mach hay cic benh \\ir\ quan den hd hap hay beo phi) khdng de phat hien trong thdi gian ngin ma cd thdi gian d benh lau [2,3]. Con ngUdi thudng danh den 80-90% thdi gian cho cac hoat ddng b§n trong cdng trinh. Do do, lEQ thifc sU rat can duoc quan tam va nghien cilu nhieu hon. Oe cd cosd cho viec de xuat cac he thdng giai phap kien tnic nham nSng cao lEQ trong NP tat TP.HCM, c i n phSi tien hanh nghi§n cilu thuc te va danh gia hien trang k i l n tnic cung nhu hi§n trang lEQ trong NP.
Trong pham vl cua nghien cilu nay, hien trang kien tnic va lEQ trong NP tai TP.HCM dugc phan tfch va danh gia dua tren cac ket qu3 khao sat tif trudng hgp nghien cilu dien hinh la Quan 11. Diy la mdt trong 13 qu3n ngi thanh cu, cd mile do ph^t trien va dd thj hoa cao, va cd mat do dan sd cao nh^t toan thanh phd theo Cue thdng ke Tp.HCM (2010). Tai dia ban nay, NP hiSn dang dUoc xem la loai hinh nha d ehilm Uu thi vi cd day du eac net dac tn/ng cOa NP dien hinh ciia TP.HCM [5].
Nhdm nghien ciiu da ISy y kien eua cae chuyen gia trong linh vUc quSn ly quy hoach, kien tnic, hanh chinh, xa hdi lien quan den NP tren dia ban khSo sat. Theo danh gia cua cac chuyen gia, hau het cae phudng trong Quan 11 deu dugc quy hogch on dmh vdi nhung ngdi NP kien co, duoc xay dung mdi va hien dai. Rieng phudng 3 ed nhieu hem nhd vdi kien true NP cdn kha ion xdn va n h i l u v l n de ton dgng nhat. Mdt cude khSo sat xa hoi hoc da dugc t i l n hanh vdi sU tham gia ciia hOn 400 nguc^ dan sinh sdng trong NP, chd yeu tap trung tai khu vUc phudng 3.
Tir dd, 50 NP d i l n hinh da duoc lUa chon d l do dac ehi tiet kien true vi dc thdng sd vi khi hau (tien nghi nhiet, thdng gid va anh sang).
Ket quS khao sSt dUOe tdng hop va phan tich thdng ke nhSm chi rd nhdng dac diem hien trang kiln tnic va nguyen nhan cCia nhCing van d l can giai q u y l t . Ket qua do dac dc thong sd vi khi hau va dC lieu tir md phdng la co sd 3i dUa ra nhung danh g i l ehung ve lEQ trong NP tai dja ban khao sdt. Ngi dung va phifong p h i p thUc h i l n duoe the hien trong Hinh 1.
-(i^
Phong vSr\ 12 chuyen gia Phdng vSn 400
ngireri dSn
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Hinh 1.So36 noi dung va phuong phap nghiencihi 2. Tdng hop y k i l n chuyen gia
Ve CO cau to chii'e, Quan 11 gdm 16 phudng. Trong dd, trir phudng 3, eac phudng cdn lai deu cd sy dn dmh ve quy hoach Oae biet, phudng 15 la dn dmh nhat va ed d i n 80% !a nha biet thu. Nhiing dCf lieu thu duoc sau qua trinh phdng van sau cac chuyen gia cho thay tinh hinh q u i n ly kiln triie NP tai dm ban Quan 11, dac biet la phudng 3 vdi n h i l u hem nhd va nhung van de dang quan t i m (Hinh 2).
Hmh 2 Hem nho va lliieu anii sang (4)
Tinh hinhehung vemoi trudng sdng trong toan khu vUc dugc dinfi gia kha khS quan. Nhieu chuyen gia cho rang tinh hinh an ninh ddm,., khu vuc NP la k h i tdt (58,4%). Thuc trang q u i n ly phdng chay chda c ^ t (PCCC) trong khu vifc ciing duoc danh g i i la kha tdt (48,1%). Nhdng han e h i ton t^i trong viec td ehiie PCCC eua khu vUe chii y l u dugc cho III do yeu td trang t h i l t bj (58.4%) va do ha tang ky t h u i t (33,3%). Nhifng han che tdn tai trong viec quan ly giC gin ve sinh khu phd duoc cho la do vin di nhan luc (50%), do trang t h i l t bi (41.8%) va do ha t i n g kJ thuat (33.3%)
Mat khae, tinh hinh quan ly viec cap phep xay mdi, cai tgo, siia chJa NP tren dia b i n nay cdn n h i l u tdn dgng. Theo c i c chuyen gia, chinh q u y I n Quan 11 hien dang t d chile phuong thiic quSn ly cu the tai cac dia ban, Hien tUOng x i y mdi, cSi tao, sila chu'a NP trong khu vUc khflng ph6p van tdn tai va chiem mot ty' le k h i Idn (58.4%). Viec xay men, c^i tao, SLfa chu'a NP trong khu vite sai phep chiem ty le Idn (66.7%). Tuy nhien, mUc do x l y dung, cai tao sai so vdi gily phep chl chiem 41,8%
Khi duoc hdi v l viec "cd dong y vdi chinh sieh quan ly nha cCia nha nu9c hi&n nay hay khong" thi 75% chuy§n gia tr^ ldi d mUc "trung binh".
Tuong tu, nhUng tien leh cho ngUdi dan trong vile thyc hien eie van bSn phap ly cung chi dUoc nhieu chuyin gia danh g i i d mdc trung binh (50%).
Cic chuyen gia k h l n g dinh NP la loai hinh nha d c h i l m uu t h i trong khu vUc. Sd luong nha kien cd dUoc cho la c h i l m t j le nhieu (66.7%) vi rat n h i l u (33.3%). Sd lugng nha b i n kien cd dugc cho la chiem t^ le trung binh (25%) va nhieu (25%). So luong nha lup xup dUOc cho la chiem fit le rat (t (41.8%) va it (33.3%). Tinh hinh cai tao va x i y dung m6i NP deu duoc danh gia la d mdc trung binh (33.3%).
3. Phan tich hien trang k i l n trdc
Tren dia ban khao sat, co nhieu n h i chUa t u i n thu theo nhiing quy dinh cOa thanh phd ve k i l n tnic NP Van cdn nhiing ngdi nha duac xay dung trai phep vdi dien tich qua nho, Oac biet la cd tinii trang cOi nfli, lan chiem khdng gian h^m (Hinh 3).
Hinh 3. Nha cdi ndi trai phep, lan chilm khong gian hka [4]
Ve hudng n h i v l mat difng, Cac hd gia dinh cd t d 1-5 ngudi cung chung sdng chiem tf' le cao nhat (59,56%) NP tai d i y cd hUdng n h i da dang va sd lUgng nha t r i i deu d tat e l cac hudng. Cd 81,86% NPchico 1 mat t i l n (tiep c i n dudng h i m ) , 3 mat edn lai tiep giap vdi nhCfng ngoi nha lan ein. Hinh thO'c k i l n triie mat t i l n n h i p h i n n h i l u dugc x i y dung don gian, h i u nhU theo kieu tU phat, t u xay va chua thuc sU hai hda va ehua phii hgp vdi dieu kien khi hau dja phuong.
V l quy md, da sd NP chi cd t d 1-2 tang (Hinh 4). Cu the, cd 193 nha 2 t i n g (43,30%), 32 n h i cd 1,5 t i n g (7,84%) va 84 nha chi cd 1 t i n g
118
(20,59%). Chieu cao mgt tang trung binh t i l 2m-4m (82,11%). Dien tfch khu a l t kha nhd (49,91% nha co khu dat 46-85m2 v l 37,75% n h i 26- 45m2). Hon 50% sd n h i cd chieu rgng dUdng phfa trUde la 1-5m. Gan 50% sd n h i ed dien tich d i t tU46 m2 - 85 m2.60,29% sd nha co m i t do xay dung td91%-100%.Od la l y d o k h i l n ty I f n h i cd c i c khoang khdng gian md nhU s i n trudc, san sau va gieng trdi la rat thap.
fJmli4 njulk'UiP 1,11 khu uuc khao sat CO tLtl-2 tang Ml
Ve to chuc i(li6ng gian, nguoi d i n h i u het co thu nhap trung binh hoac thap, hg it bd tri phdng ngu rieng ma sir dung c i c khdng gian da nang d l ngd, VI t h i , sd tUgng phdng ngu r i l n g la khdng nhieu. Cd 68,14% so nha chi ed phdng ve sinh (WC) chung Trong dd, sd nha cd 2 WC chung c h i l m t j ii 25,25% v l sd nha chi cd 1 WC chung chiem t^ le 59,56%. Khdng gian phdng dau tien ngay vi tri mat t i l n n h i (d tang tret) thudng dUoc sCf dung lam phdng khaeh (72,50%, 296 nhi). Mgt sd it nha dCing khdng gian n l y lam eho de xe (25 nhi), de kinh doanh (99 nha) hoaic cho thue (7 nha). Chl cd hon 40% so nha k h i o s i t e6 khdng gian cay xanh nhUng vdi dien tfch r i t nhd, chl khoing 0,1 m2-5m^.
V l k i t c l u , da sd NP duoe lOp m i i tdn, nhUng chl mgt sd nha cd ddng tran nhua chdng ndng ben dudi. Sd iugng nha cd ket eau kien cd dang san va cdt BTCT c h i l m t^ le 67,90%, nha cd s i n diic g i l hay s i n g i c go c h i l m 14,50% va 9,8% nha cd tUdng gach, 2% nha cd cdt gach chiu lUc. Hau h i t ngUdi dugc khao sat deu tra Idi I I khdng mudn hay khdng cd y djnh c i i tao lai ngdi nha hien huU (76,2%) cho dii ngdi n h i chUa thilc sU dUOc t d chiic hop ly. Nguyen n h i n I I do k h i nang kinh t l cd han va t i m ly ngai thay ddi.
Hinh 5 Trong tay xanh tren ban eong va tren hem piio i4]
V l khdng gian xanh, cd den 54,41% nha dUoe k h i o sat khdng cd khdng gian cay xanh. Hon 40% nha ed dien tfch trdng cay xanh rat nhd, chl khoang 0,1m2-5m' Do sU gidi han v l dien tich sd dung n l n mdt sd trudng hop trong cay xanh d san trUdc va ban cdng, cdn lai da sd cay xanh dugc trdng theo phuong dilng, ngoai via he hoac tren khdng gian hem phd (Hinh 5).
4. K i t q u i k h i o s i t va danh gia hien trang lEQ
Bang n h i l u phUOng p h i p phan tfch va edng eu d i n h gia k h i c nhau {Bing 1), hien trang tong quat ve lEQ trong NP bao gdm tien nghi nhiet, TGTN va CSTN (Bing 2) cho thay hau het khdng gian sdng trong NP chua d i p Ung nhu cau sil dung ve lEQ bao gdm nhiet, gid va anh sing.
Bdng 1. Cosd ddnh qid hien tranalEQ Chit luonq
Tien nghi nhift TGTN
CSTN
T i l u eh(, Chi sd PMV-PPD,
ChisdOT Bdi sd ACH, Ndng do C02,
Tdc dd gid D g r g i t U n h i § n , Dd roi trunq binh
Cdnq cu danh qia.
ISO 7730-2005, md hinh tien nghi nhiet,
bieu do sinh khi hau TCVN 5687; 2010, ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2004
TCXD 29:1991 ig 2. Hiin trgng lEQ trong NP tai TP.HCM Chat\danq
Tif n nghi nhiet TGTN
CSTN
• . O l n h g i i - MUc t i f n nghi nhiet thap, -16%ngUdidanccim thayhai Idnq
- bdi so ACH dat, - ndng dd C02 an toan, - tdc dd qid cd q i i tri dUdi 0,2 m/s - do roi tU n h i l n thap, dudi 200lx, - dd rgl trung binh daty§u c l u Ket q u i thu dUgc tU cac phUOng p h i p nghien edu khich quan v chi^ quan cd sU thdng nhat cao vi k i t q u i mdc tiin nghi nhiet t h i p trong cac nha phd da khao sat Nhu dugc the hien trong Hinh 6, vdi mdi trudng nhiet h i l n tai trong nha, chi 16% ngudiduoc lay y kien cam thay hai long, trong khi 84% cdn lai cam thay hoi ndng (20%), ndng (26%) hoic r i t ndng (38%) Cie k i t q u i p h i n tfch edn ehi ra nhiSt dd mdi trudng trong cac NP cao hon mUc cd t h i chip n h i n tai thdi diem k h i o sat la 30,38°C, tU do keo theo su kem hieu q u i ciia cae hoat ddng tUong t i c nhSm thich nghi mdi trUdng nhiet, vf du nhU sCf dung quat ed the g i y th^m oi bUc hay viee d i l u t i l t miie do v i n ddng khdng mang lai c i m giic t h o l i m i i hon.
Mgt trong nhCfng nguyen nhan dan den e l m giac nong ben trong nha la luong n h i l t bUc xa mat trdi bi hap thu bdi ldp vd cdng trinh. Phin Idn vat lieu bao ehe nha hien hOu la gach dat s i t nung phu vda d e i 2 be mat v i loai kfnh cdng nghe cu, cd h f so truyen nhiet cao Nhiing mat tien nha hUdng Tay dugc xay bang gach nung t r u y i n thdng, nhiet do cao trong n h i ed t h i keo dat den nifa d i m do dac tinh tre nhiSt eiia v i t lifu n i y Ngoii ra, mUc dd thdng t h o i n g k^m va kha nang TGTN h^m che cung gay ra c i m giac khdng tho3i mai ve nhi&t.
• liennEhi -RStnoi>B ' Hing - H i r l n D n g Hinh 6. Cim nhan nhiet cua ngifddSn trong NP [5]
Bdi sd trao ddi khdng khi do dUOc tai c i c NP dat yeu cau giiip ndng dd CO2 trong n h i dugc duy tri d mUe thSp, phii h c ^ vdi TCVN 5687-2010 (tieu chuan thdng gid, dieu hda khdng khO, v l gidp lEQ dugc dam b i o Tuy nhien, ve thdng gid tunhiea. tdc dd gid trung binh do dugc trong n h i khdng dat ngudng tdc dd c i m nhan dUoc v l ed h i f u q u i I i m m i t , thap hon 0,2m/s (Hinh 7), va chi b i n g 7,6% tdc dd gid b i n ngoai. SU lUu thdng ciia gid tU n g o l i vao nha va giUa cae phdng bi han che nhu v i y bdi viec khdng thudng xuyIn md cac cCfa va elch bd tri khdng gian trong n h i chua hop ly.
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Ngu&ngtocaMimiiUlriaiftlcM cihiejquilai
iiiiljli
Hinh 7 Tocdogiotrung binh trong cac nha [5]
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Hinh 9. So roi trung binh tai cac nha [5]
Cac g i l i phap chliu sdng tU nhien ehUa duge quan t i m d eae NP duge k h i o sit, Oieu dd dugc the h i l n qua su tuong quan thap giUa c i c g i i trj he sd dd roi t u nhien do duoe v i hudng ciia cdng trinh. Mac dii 88% cac NP cd h f sd do roi t u nhien trong nha d i p Ung duoc y§u c l u ciia TCXD 29: 1991 (tieu chuan CSTN trong cdng trinh d i n dung), xem Hinh 8. Tuy n h i l n c h i t lugng phue vu nhu eau sinh hoat ciia i n h sang trong c i c ngdi n h i lai han c h l , hon 90% c i c NP dUgc k h i o s i t cd dd rgi trung binh dUdi 2001x (Hinh 9).
Theo ket qua khio s i t , cung nhUTGTN, k h i n i n g CSTN trong c i c n h i n i y edn t h i p vi thieu sU ket ndi va Id! di cho anh sang ben n g o i i v i o trong n h i Be chat lugng CSTN tai cic NP dUOe eli thien, c i c eifa ehrnh, eila sd hay cifa lay gid can dugc md rdng v l thudng xuyIn hon v i vat lifu lay sang can dugc sif dung ph6 b i l n hon.
Ngoai ra, khu vUc k h i o s i t l i khu dan cU kha yen tinh nen c i c ngdi nha cung ft bi I n h hUdng bdt tieng dn tUxung quanh. V I mUc do dn khi md cila, cd 35,8% ngUdi d i n d i n h g i i dat mdc ft v l 26% ngUdi d i n d i n h g i i dat mdc rat it, 17.4% ngudi d i n danh g i i dat mUc trung binh.
Ve luong bui trong nha khi md cila, cd 23,3% ngUdi d i n danh gia dat mdc rat ft, 38,7% ngudi d i n d i n h g i i dat mdc it, 18,4% ngUdi dan d i n h g i i dat mUc trung binhva 12,5% ngudidan d i n h gia dat mdc nhieu.
Ve van d l ehdi n i n g trong n h i , Cd 35,8% ngudi dan cho rang dat mde rat ft, 33,1 ngUdl dan cho r i n g dat mdc it, 16,9% ngUdl d i n eho r i n g dat mUc trung binh va ehf 10,3% ngudi d i n cho r i n g dat mUc n h i l u . Ddi vdi hien tugng mUa tat vao n h i , ed 39,2% ngUdi d i n d i n h gia dgt mUe rat ft, 34,6% ngUdl dan d i n h g i i dat mUc ft va ch! cd 16,4%
ngUdi d i n danh gia dat mdc trung binh, 6,6% ngUdi d i n danh g i i dat mUc nhieu. H l u het cae ngdi nha k h i o s i t khdng bi anh hudng bdi hien tugng t h i m dot. Cd 50,2% ngUdi dan d i n h g i i dat mu'c r i t ft, 31,4%
ngudi d i n d i n h gia dat mUc ft va 12% ngUdi dan d i n h gia dat mdc trung binh. H i l n tUOng n g i p lut cung d i dugc chinh quyIn dia phuong giai q u y l t tdt, do dd cd 57.6% ngudi dan d i n h gia dat mUc r i t it, 24.8%
ngudi d i n d i n h gia dat mUc ft, 9,1% ngudi dan d i n h gia dat mifc trung binh.
5. Ket luan
NP la loai hinh nha d lau ddi v i pho bien n h l t tai TP.HCM hien nay.
NhCfng dU liSu khio sat cho thay, trong qua trinh x l y dung va siJ dung NP, dan cU dd thi gap p h i i r i t nhieu van d l bat cap cd I n h hUdng tri/c tiep tdi c h i t lUcmg cude sdng. NhUng NP h i f n huu dang cd nhdng giji p h i p k i l n trOe chua hop I;? va lEQ gap n h i l u van d l can dugc g i l i quylt K i t qua nghien edu cho thay, chl khoing 16% ngUdi tham gia khio sat e l m thay hai Idng ve sU tien nghi nhiet. Trong khi dd, tdc dd gid trong n h i chl dat 7,6% so vdi ngoai trdi. Hon nCfa, hi sd dd rgi t u nhien thap hOn 200lx va chl d i p Ung cie hoat ddng c i n ft i n h s i n g [5]. Mdt trong nhifng v l n de bile xiic nhat ciia NP h i f n nay tai dia ban Ouin 11 chfnh la su ngdt ngat, ndng bde va I m t h i p vi k h i nang ehe n i n g , cich nhiet viTGTN kem Td ket q u i nghien cUu cua b i i b i o nay, c i c g i i i phlpkfeh triic phii hop nham c i i t h i f n lEQ trong NP tai TP.HCM se dUgc de xult trong cie nghien eUu t i l p theo.
TAt ueu THAM KHAO
1 Le Thi Hong Na, Park Im Ho & Cho M-J (2013), Lessom from ifielnamese urban sInS houses for contemporary high-rise housing. Journal of Open House Internationa 1, Voi 38, No,2. pf 3 1 - 4 6
2 De Giuii, V„ Da Pos, 0. & De Carli, M , (2012), indoor environmental quality and pupil perception in Italian primary schools. M\i Environ, Voi 56, p p J i 5 ~ 3 4 5
3 Houtman, 1,, Douwes, M , de Jong, T , Meeuwsen, J M , Jongen, M,, Brekelmani, F,, Nieboer-Op de Weegh, M , et al., (2003), New Forms of Physical and Psycbosocial HeolA ISdsBt iVork
4 Jaakkola, M S., Quansah, R., Hugg, T T , H^ikkinen, S A , Jaakkoia, J J , {2QM],Assodam of indoor dampness and molds with rhinitis risk- 0 systematic review and meta-analysis, J Allergy Clin. Immunol, Vol 132, No 5, p p l 0 9 9 - i n o , e 1 B .
5. L I Thj Hong Na (2016), Cdc chuyen de vi ddnh gid ve hien trang kien trdc lien nghinkllt, thdng gid vd chieu sdng til nhiin trong nha pho tai Tp HCIA, fle lai nghien cilu Ithoa hoc cSp S92015 - 2 0 1 7 , TPHCM
