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inh nghiem cua nhOng nen kinh te mdi ndi nhu Trung Quoc, An Op cho thay kieu bao la "vu khi bi mat" giup hp thanh edng trong hdi nhap kinh te qude te va phat then kinh te qude gia. Nhung d Viet Nam, ngudn lye Viet kieu chua dupe khai thac hieu qua du Viet kieu ed rat nhieu tiem lye, ed tam hudng ve xay dyng que hudng...Theo Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai, hien nay cd khoang 2,7 trieu ngudi Viet Nam dang lam an, sinh song tai gan 90 qude gia va vung lanh tho (khoang 80% dang sdng d cac nude phat trien), vdi hdn 300.000 ngudi ed trinh dp dai hpe va tren dai hoc (trong dd cd nhieu tien
• sy va tri thdc ten tudi dupe the gidi danh gia cao). Dpi ngu cac nha khoa hpe tre gdc Viet dang trudng thanh va tap trung d nhieu ITnh vyc khoa hpe chuyen nganh va kinh te mui
• nhpn cua nudc sd tai (rieng tai thung . lung Silicon cd khoang 12.000 ngudi : Viet Nam dang lam viec). Lidc tinh,
tdng thu nhap hang nam cua ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai khoang 40 ty USD (trong khi GDP eua Viet Nam nam 2007 khoang 72 ty USD). Phan Idn Viet kieu la nhung ngudi ed tinh than yeu nudc, ty tdn dan toe, ludn hudng ve que huong dat nude, tham nhuan dao ly "la rung ve edi" cua ngudi Viet Nam...
Viet kieu ngay cang cd nhung ddng gdp tich eye dd'i vdi sy phat
• then cua da't nudc trong nhieu ITnh
CHtfA BtfllC KHAI THAC HIEU QUA
Th.S TRINH THI THU HA
vyc. Theo udc tinh, vd'n dau tu trye tiep cua Viet kieu d Viet Nam hdn 800 trieu USDC): Td'ng edng trong giai doan 2001 - 2005 lupng kieu hdi dat gan 16 ty USD, nam 2005: 4,4 ty, nam 2006: 4,8 ty va nam 2007 la tren 5 ty USD(2): ba nam trd lai day tdng kieu hdi tren cao hdn tong vdn dau tu trye tiep nude ngoai (FDI) thye hien d Viet Nam. OSc biet, da cd tren 200 kieu bao tri thdc ve nude lam viec trong cac trung tam nghien cdu khoa hpe. giao dye - dao tao hoac ddng gdp tn thdc cho sy phat trien cua dat nude bang nhQng hinh thdc khac nhau. Mdt sd Viet kieu tich eye ddng vai trd la cau ndi, gidi thieu va quang ba hinh anh Viet Nam eho cac khach du hch va nha dau tu nude ngoai, thue day md'i quan he giua Viet Nam vdi nudc sd tai, gdp phan md rdng thi trudng XK eua Viet Nam. Doanh
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nhan Viet kieu dau tu ve nude da'giup tang cudng chuyen giao khoa hpe ky thuat, edng nghe, kinh nghiem quan ly tien tien, nang cao trinh dp lao ddng Viet Nam. Ben canh dd, nhieu edng ddng Viet kieu da thudng xuyen ddng gdp vat chat, tinh than, chia se vdi nhung khd khan cua ba con trong nude qua cae hoat ddng td thien...
Tuy nhien, nhdng tiem lye eua ngudi Viet Nam dmh cu d nudc ngoai van chua dupe khai thac hieu qua cho sy nghiep phat trien dat nudc, bieu hien rd net d lupng vdn dau tu thap, cac du an dau tu chu yeu la vda va nhd, cd thdi gian thu hdi vdn nhanh, dcie biet chua cd nhieu du an trong ITnh vyc khoa hpe cdng nghe, giao due dao tao, nghien cdu va dng dung trien khai, cung nhu thUdng mai qude te. Ben canh mdt sd it Viet kieu cd the ve nude tham gia trye tiep cac hoat ddng trong nudc, cdn mdt luc lupng ddng dao tri thdc Viet kieu dang lam viec tai nudc ngoai chua cd dieu kien ve nude, nhung chung ta chua cd bien phap thu hut sy "ddng gdp tu xa" eua ddi tupng nay. Viet Nam cung chua cd dupe mang ludi rdng khap va sy lien ket ch§t che vdi Viet kieu tren the gidi de phat huy nhu mdt Idi the "marketing" trong cac hoat ddng kinh doanh trong dieu kien hdi nhap. Ngudn kieu hdi chuyen ve kha Idn, nhung ehua su dung nhieu trong hoat ddng dau tu, kinh doanh. Trong sd cac nguyen nhan, cd sy han che va bat cap nhat dmh cua viec tuyen truyen phd bien cae chu trUdng chinh sach cua Dang, phap luat eua Nha nudc den ngudi Viet Nam dmh cu d nudc ngoai, nen cdn nhieu doanh nhan van chua cap nhat dupe cac chinh sach, phap luat eua Nha nudc trong ITnh vyc dau tu, khien hp cdn dmh kien ho3e e ngai, khdng true tiep, ma thdng qua ngudi than quen tien hanh cac hoat ddng dau tu, giao djch dan sy.
Trong cae cudc hdi thao gain day do Uy ban ngudi Viet Nam d
nudc ngoai td chdc, ddi ngu " ^
THimNGMAI S6 12/2008 13
^
' ^ doanh nhan, tri thdc Viet kieu cho rang, nhieu chu trudng, chinh sach cua Nha nudc ed tao dieu kien cho ba con gan ket, ddng gdp xay dyng que hudng, dat nudc, nhung chua cu the, mot sd chinh sach cdn thieu nhat quan, cue bd ho§e ehua ddng bd. Chang han, Bd Ngoai giao thi nghieng ve m§t chinh trj, Bd Cdng ThUdng thi nghieng ve cac hoat ddng dau tu, kinh doanh. Viec thye hien cac chu trUdng, chinh sach cdn cham, hoSe do thieu thdng tu hudng dan, nen mdi dja phUdng cd sy van dyng khac nhau, chang han ve vain de mua nha cua Viet kieu. Mac du gan day Nha nudc da md rdng ddi tupng Viet kieu dUde mua nha d, song den nay TP. Hd Chi Minh mdi giai quyet dUde hdn 130 trudng hdp, cdn d Ha Ndi van chua ed ai dupe mua. He thdng thdng tin td trong nudc thieu va chua cy the. Hau het kieu bao can nhOng "ddn d§t hang"
cu the, nhu Viet Nam dmh phat trie'n gi, cdn thieu gi, ed the giup gi? Thu tuc hanh chinh trong nudc cdn phien ha, nhieu khe, vdi nhieu nac bac, mdt bd phan can bd sach nhieu da lam nan Idng cac nha dau tu Viet kieu.
Ben canh dd cd sd ha tang, chat lUdng ngudn nhan lye cung la mdt rao can ddi vdi khdng chi trong ITnh vyc thu hut FDI, ma cdn ddi vdi ca ngudn lye Viet kieu. Ngoai ra, chung ta cung khdng the thu hut ngudn lye Viet kieu tdt khi thieu mdt ed sd dO lieu ve Viet kieu, gdm danh sach cac tri thdc, doanh nhan d mdi nude theo nganh, ITnh vyc hoat ddng.
Tiem lye Viet kieu la rat Idn, day la ngudn lye quan trpng ddi vdi sy phat trie'n kinh te Viet Nam trong giai doan hdi nhap kinh te qude te. De' khai thac cd hieu qua ngudn lye nay ddi hdi Viet Nam can khac phuc nhOng han che vudng mac neu tren. Chung ta can giai phap ddng bd td vi md den vT md, sy quyet tam thye hien hdn nOa cua cae nganh cac cap de' tao ra budc chuyen manh me, tiep them ddng lye eho Viet kieu ddng gdp xay dyng que hUdng •
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(2): Vu Quan he Kinh te, Khoa hoc vci Cong nghe, Uy ban ngUdi Viet Nam <i nUdc ngoai. Bo Ngoai giao.
1. Bao ve quyen Idi ngudi tieu dung (NTD) gan day dUdc de c§p kha nhieu va dUdc coi la mot trong nhOng van de quan trong va ndng bong tren con dUdng hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va phat then ben vOng cua nude ta.
Phai thang than thda nhan rang, trudc "ddi mdi", do nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan, hau nhU quyen Idi cua NTD va phap luat bao ve quyen Idi cua NTD chua dUdc chu y mot each thich dang.
Budc vao thdi ky dd'i mdi, nudc ta da chuyen manh td nen kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung sang co che thj trudng, dmh hudng XHCN. Cung td day, quan he mua ban, giao djch giOa mot ben la nha san xuat - kinh doanh hang hoa va djch vy vdi mot ben la ngudi bd tien ra mua hang hoa va djch vy de phuc vy cho sinh hoat, tieu dung cua ca nhan, gia dinh va td chdc (dUdc gpi chung la NTD) da dUdc xac lap vdi vai trd ngay cang dUdc nang cao ciia
THirC TRANG...
(Tiep theo trang 6) - Thanh phd thieu chu ddng xay dyng chien lupe, quy hoach, chinh sach, ed che dac thu thich hpp nham khuyen khich va phdi hdp quan ly thuan Idi de phat trie'n djch vy TC- NH; Tien trinh thye hien dd'i mdi, sap xep lai DNNN va tien dp cap giay chdng nhan quyen sd dyng dat va quyen sd hOu nha d eon cham. Tinh phap che va hieu lye cac che tai nham dam bao quyen Idi va an toan trong hoat ddng TC-NH cdn thap, dien hinh la trong viec xd ly tai san the chap de thu hdi nd cua cac thanh phan kinh te, nhat la ddi vdi DNNN.
Viec dang ky the chap bao lanh va cung cap thdng tin ve giao dich bao
1 4 1 THI/DNG MAI S6 12/2008
dam cho cac NHTM chua dUdc trie'n khai mdt each ddng bd. Ngoai ra, ha tang cdng nghe thdng tin, vien thdng qude gia va tren dja ban Ha Ndi chua hien dai va phat trie'n ddng bd da dan den kha nang ket ndi, tich hpp gida cac he thdng cdng nghe, nhat la he thdng thanh toan giua cac ngan hang gap nhieu khd khan.
- Trinh dp va quy md cac hoat ddng kinh te tren dja ban Ha Ndi cdn kha thap, dudi mdc tiem nang. Kha nang hap thy va sd dyng hieu qua ngudn tin dyng tren dja ban ehua cao. Dieu kien phat trie'n va kha nang cung dng ngudn nhan lye cd trinh dd va chat lUdng cao cdn nhieu han che.
Van de thanh toan tien mat cdn phd bien trong cac giao djch kinh doanh va sinh hoat cu dan. Nang lye cua dan cu va DN, dac biet la kha nang
dap dng cac dieu kien tiep can tin dyng cua ngan hang cdn han che (nang luc tai chinh yeu, thieu dieu kien bao dam giao djch ngan hang;
hieu qua dau tu, sd dyng vdn khong cao; kha nang tra np thap; nil ro cao,...); Kha nang canh tranh cua cac DN yeu. Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi d Ha Ndi tuy cao so vdi binh quan cua ca nude, song van la thap de tao ra mdc cau Idn ve djch vu ngan hang hien dai.
Thye te dang dat ra yeu cau va kha nang phai chu ddng phat huy va phdi hdp thdng nhat, hieu qua hdn tat ca cac nhan td, dieu kien khach quan va chu quan de day nhanh tdc do va nang cao hieu qua phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ndi chung, phat trie'n thi tnJdng tai chinh Ha Ndi ndi rieng •
