K I N H T E V i M O
Khdi nghiep tqi Viet Nam:
nhqn thCfc va nhQng Icet qua bade ddu
B U I N H A T Q U A N G
i H l iic day manh hoat ddng khdi nghiep vd khuyen khich tinh thdn khdi nghiep tgi Viet
&f Nam duac thiic hien trong bdt ednh nhd nitdc cd quan diem ngdy cdng cdi md hOn dot vdi khu Vlic tit nhdn, coi kinh ti'ti£ nhdn Id mot ddng lite quan trgng. Bdi viei trinh bdy mdt so' kei qud ban ddu cua xu hitdng mdi ndy.
Tfl k h o a : khdi nghiep, kinh te'tit nhdn, vitdn idPn doanh nghiep, he sinh thdi khdi nghiep, ddi mdi sdng tgo.
1. Boi c a n h e h u n g
Sau hdn 30 n a m doi mdi, Vidt Nam da dat dUde nhflng t h a n h tiiu p h a t t r i l n to ldn, cd •f nghia lich s i . Dgi nudc da r a khdi k h u n g hoang kinh td' - xa hdi va tinh t r a n g kem phat trien, trd t h a n h nUdc dang p h a t trien ed thu nhap trung bhih, dang d i y m a n h cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda va hdi n h a p qud'c te.
Tuy nhidn, kinh t l vi md ed b a n on dinh nhUng chua viing chae, td'c dp t a n g tnidng kinh t l suy giam, phue hoi cham. Chai lUdng, hidu qua, nang suat lao ddng xa hdi va nang lUc canh t r a n h cua n e n kinh te' edn tha'p. Viet Nara dang dflng trudc ddi hdi ngay cang cap t h i l t phai d i l u chinh chinh saeh d l tao ra ddng luc t a n g trUdng mdi va dap flng yeu elu canh t r a n h trong qua trinh hdi n h a p qud'c te. Nhidm vu dat r a ngay lflc nay la phai tilp tue dd'i mdi md hinh t a n g trfldng, ed cau lai n i n kinh t l , tfl chd diia vao vd'n, lao ddng gia re, tay nghe t h a p va tM nguyen thidn nhien sang md hinh t a n g tnidng mdi diia vao tieu bd khoa hpc, cdng nghd, lay doi mdi sang tao lam ddng liie, d l vUdt qua "bIy
I
gia cdng l i p rap" va hda giai nguy ed vudng vao nhiing na'c t h a n g t h a p eua chuoi gia tri toan clu, tiep tue tien budc t r e n con dudng di tdi phon v i n h D l thUc hien eae nhiem vu ca'p bach n h u vay, Viet Nam tnidc h e t c i n dUa vao ndi lUc, diia vao doi ngu doanh nhan, doanh nghiep trong nude. Day la nhiing ehu thd ngay cang ddng vai trd quan trpng giflpcae linh vflc kinh td' cd t h i t h a m gia nhieu hdn vao m a n g san xua't va p h a n phdi cua eae t a p doan da qud'c gia, tfl dd e h u y i n dich dan cd ca'u kinh te' sang cac n g a n h ed ham lUdng cdng nghd va gia tri gia tSng cao hdn.
Tfl ch§ k i l m e h i , t h a m ehi cd y k i l h cflc doan m u c h xda bd k h u vflc tU nhan, Vidt Nam da n h a n tha'y r i n g , day la lflc Ifldng khdng t h i t h i l u trong n e n k i n h te thi trfldng.
v a n kidn Dai hdi dai b i l u t o a n quo'c l l n thfl XII cua D a n g Cdng s a n Vidt Nam (2016) t i l p tuc k h a n g tiinh m a n h me: n i n kinh te thi trfldng dinh h u d n g xa hOi ehu nghia nUdc t a ed n h i l u h i n h thfle sd hflu, nhieu thanh p h i n k i n h td', t r o n g dd k i n h ti n h a nfldc gifl vai trd ehu dao, k i n h td' tfl n h a n la rapt ddng lUc quan trpng. Nhflng n a m qua, hang tram nghin doanh nghidp tfl n h a n da lam ndn sU p h a t trien nang ddng cua nen kinh tl', khdng ehi gdp p h a n t a o vide lam, n a n g cao t h u nhap cua ngUdi lao ddng m a cdn m a n h dan dot pha va di d i u trong n h i l u linh vUe san xuSi - kinh doanh mdi, n i m b i t , van dung nhflng t h a n h tflu p h a t t r i l n mdi vao phuc vu phat t r i l n . Trong qua t r i n h hdi n h a p , nhieu doanh nghiep tU n h a n da vUdn r a ben ngoM va k h i n g dinh thfldng hidu cua minh t r e n thi trudng t h i gidi. LUc Ifldng doanh n h a n Vidt N a m cd t i e n g ndi n g a y c a n g q u a n t r p n g ddi BQi Nhat Quang, PGS.TS.. Vien HSn lam Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam.
1 2 Nghiin cdU Kinh ldsd3(466) - Thing 3/2017
vdi qua t r i n h xSy dflng, thflc hidn cac chinh saeh p h a t t r i l n d a t nude. Tao mpi d i l u kidn t h u a n ldi cho k h u vflc t u n h a n p h a t t r i l n cung chinh la tao dieu kien de giai phdng cac nguon lUe p h a t t r i l n trong xa hdi, d l n i n kinh te thi trudng p h a t h u y iron ven cac tiem nang to ldn cua nd. Vide d i y m a n h hoat dong khdi nghidp va k h u y l h khieh tinh t h i n khdi nghiep tai Viet Nam dUde thiic hidn trong boi canh n h a nudc cd quan diem ngay cang edi md hdn doi vdi k h u vflc doanh nghidp t u nhan.
2. N h i n n h a n v e k h d i n g h i e p v a m o t so c h u trflfhig, c h i n h s a c h l i e n q u a n Cd n h i l u each hieu khae n h a u ve khdi nghiep va doanh nghiep khdi nghidp. Nghien cflu cua Paul Graham (2005)' cho r a n g doanh nghiep khdi nghidp la doanh nghidp dUde lap r a vdi ky vpng t a n g t n i d n g n h a n h . Tdc do tang trudng g i n vdi y tudng sang tao mdi la yeu to" quan trpng n h a i xae dinh dd la mot doanh nghidp khdi nghiep. Cac yl"u to khae n h u doanh nghidp mdi t h a n h lap, thupc Enh vUc cdng nghd, dUdc quy d i u t u rui ro tai trd, ... ehi cd y nghia p h u trd. Ciing cd q u a n diem tUdng tli n h u vay, Aswath (2009)' p h a n tich va n h a h manh gia tri cua mot doanh nghidp khdi nghiep chinh la tiem nang t a n g trUdng trong tUdng lai cua doanh nghiep. Vide xae dinh dau la mot doanh nghiep khdi nghiep chu yeu dua vao giai doan dang p h a t t r i l n thi hdn la vao CECU true h a y nganh nghe hoat ddng. Steve Blank (2010)^ dUa r a khai nidm coi doanh nghidp khdi nghidp la mot to ehfle dfldc tao r a de tim kiem md hinh k i n h doanh
"ed kha n a n g lap Iai va md rdng". Nghien cflu nay eiing da p h a n tich the nao la md hinh kinh doanh; each xay diing mot md hinh kinh doanh; md hinh kinh doanh cd the flng dung gi vao hoat dpng cua mdt s t a r t - u p ; md hinh kinh doanh va ke^ hoach kinh doanh khae n h a u the' nao... Tfl dd dua r a nhiing bai hoe de t h a m khao.
Cd t h e ndi quan nidm ve khdi nghidp va doanh nghidp khdi nghidp khdng phai luc nao cung n h a i quan. Tuy theo hoi canh cu
the, vail de khdi nghidp dUdc cac n h a nghien cflu n h a n m a n h g a n vdi mot k h a u , mot dac t i n h cd b a n cua eae h a n h ddng t h a n h lap, t r i l n k h a i tiiflc h i e n cac mo h i n h kinh doanh Uen quan. Trong trfldng hdp cua Vidt Nam, khdi nghidp dang t r d t h a n h chu de n h a n dflde sfl q u a n t a m sau rpng cua cac cd q u a n quan Iy n h a niidc, eae ca'p chinh q u y l n va gidi doanh nghiep. Tinh t h i n khdi nghidp, doanh nghiep khdi nghidp, quoc gia khdi nghiep,.... la nhiing chu di dang dUde n h i c tdi mdt each t h u d n g xuydn. Tuy nhien, phai cho d l h n a m 2016 t h i Viet N a m mdi ed v a n b a n chinh thflc d a u tidn d u a r a h i n h dung ro rang hdn ve khdi nghiep va eae cdng vide c i n lam de ho trd khdi nghiep. Dd la Quyet dinh eua T h u tUdng Chinh p h u phd duyet De an
"Ho trd hd sinh t h a i khdi nghidp d l i mdi sang tao qud'e gia dd'n n a m 2025"*. D l an n a y da dUa r a nhiing thdng tin tUdng d£5 rd r a n g hdn va lam rd k h a i niem eua Viet Nam ve doanh nghidp khdi nghidp la "loai hinh doanh nghiep cd k h a n a n g t a n g tnidng n h a n h diia t r e n k h a i t h a c tai san t r i tud, cdng nghd, md h i n h kinh doanh mdi".
N h u vay, each h i l u pho bien eua Vidt Nam ve doanh nghiep khdi nghidp dUde xac (Jinh vdi 3 y l u to' ehinh la: (1) t a n g tnidng nhanh; (2) tai san t r i tue, edng nghd - tflc la k h a n a n g doi radi sang tao va (3) md hinh kinh doanh mdi. V l ed ban, each nhin n h a n n h u vay p h u hdp vdi cac q u a n diem pho bien cua t h i gidi v l boat dpng khdi nghidp.
1. Paul Graham (2005), How to start a stan-up?, TTie essay is derived from a talk at the Harvard Qjmputer Society, http://paulgraham.com/start.html
2. Aswath Damodaran (2009), Valuing Young, Start- up and Growth Companies: Estimation Issues and Valuation Challenges, Stem School of Business. New York University, May 2009.
3. Steve Blank (2013), TTie 6 Types of Startups. The Wall Street Journal, http://blogs.wsj.com/accelerator s/2013/06/24/steve-blank-the-6-types-of-startups-2/, Jun 24* 2013.
4. Quyet dinh sd 844/QD-TTg ngay 18-5-201d cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd viec phe duyet Dd in "Htf tro he smh thai khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang rao qutfc eia dtfn nani 2025".
Nghien cdu Kinh lesd 3(466)-Thing 3/2017
1 3
Khdi nghiep tai Viet Nam ,
Trong cae ehu trUdng, chinh sach ldn cua Dang va Chinh phu, n h a n thflc v l vai trd eua khu vflc t u n h a n va ydu c l u phai thuc day sii phat t r i l n cua khu vUc t u n h a n g i n vdi t i n h t h a n khdi nghiep dang tflng bUdc dUde lam rd. Bao cao chinh tri cua Ban Cha'p h a n h trung Udng Dang khda XI tai Dai hdi dai bieu toan qud'c l l n thfl XII cua D a n g Cdng san Viet Nam (2016) nhSh raanh yeu eau phai
"khuyen khich d i y m a n h qua t r i n h khdi nghidp kinh doanh" va "hoan thidn ehinh sach hd trd doanh nghidp khdi nghidp". Day la chu trfldng h i t sflc dung d i n , kip thdi va dang tflng bflde dUde eu t h e hda b a n g nhflng giai phap chinh sach t r i l n k h a i trdn thiic t l phfl hdp vdi ydu c l u phai n a n g cao sflc eanh tranh eua nen kinh td' trong qua trinh hdi nhap qud'c t l , hoan thien the chd, ddi mdi md hinh tang tnidng va cd cau lai nen kinh t e dUa trdn n i n t a n g doi mdi sang tao.
Ngay 16-5-2016, Chinh p h u da ban h a n h Nghi quylt so" 35/NQ-CP ve ho trd va p h a t t r i l n doanh nghidp deh n a m 2020.Nghi quyet da dat r a muc tidu eu t h e la den n a m 2020 se hinh t h a n h va p h a t t r i l n cae doanh nghidp Vidt Nam vdi nang liic eanh t r a n h cao va dam bao phat t r i l n b i n vflng. Ca nUdc ed it nha't 1 tridu doanh nghidp boat ddng, trong dd cd cae doanh nghidp c6 quy md ldn, nguon lUe manh. Khu vUc t u n h a n Viet Nam ddng gdp khoang 48 - 49% GDP, khoang 49% td'ng vdh d i u tu toan xa hdi. N a n g s u a t cac n h a n to'tong hdp (TFP) ddng gdp khoang 30 - 35%
GDP. Nang suai lao ddng xa hoi t a n g khoang 5%/nam. Hang nam, cd khoang 30 - 35%
doanh nghidp Viet Nam ed boat dong doi mdi sang tao. Ridng v l ndi dung thuc d i y boat ddng khdi nghiep, Chinh phu da dUa r a radt sd'cd chd', chinh saeh dac thfl de hd trd doanh nghidp nhd va vfla, doanh nghiep khdi nghiep, doanh nghiep doi radi sang tao va cd tiem nang tang trudng cao.
3. N h i h i g c h u y e n b i e n btfdc d a u Y thflc v l tIra quan trpng cua boat ddng khdi nghidp dang trd ndn rd r a n g hdn, khien eho khdi nghiep n h a n h chdng trd t h a n h "tfl
khda" dfldc n h a e tdi lidn t u c va rdng khap trdn eae kdnh t h d n g tin dai chflng. Tuy nhien, nhflng h a m ^ sau xa lidn quan tdi khdi nghiep, d|ic bidt la vSh d l khdi nghidp doi radi sang tao v i n c i n dfldc tiep tuc nghidn cflu, p h a n tieh thflc sfl tha'u dao va day du hdn nfla di cd t h i p h a n a n h dfldc thUc tidn p h a t t r i l n sdi ddng cua ddi sdng kinh td', xa hdi hien nay. Xua't p h a t tfl n h a n thflc ngay cang rd hdn ve khdi nghiep, cac bien p h a p hd trd cho hoat dpng khdi nghidp da tflng budc p h a t huy tac d u n g trdn thiic te gin vdi muc tidu t i n g t h i vk ckc muc tieu cu the khi xay di^ng hd sinh t h a i khdi nghiep, dac biet la mue tieu p h a i tao lap mdi trudng t h u a n ldi de t h u c d i y , ho trd qua t r i n h hinh t h a n h va p h a t rien loai h i n h doanh nghiep c6 k h a n a n g t a n g trfldng n h a n h dfla trdn khai t h a c t a i san t r i tud, edng nghe, md hinh kinh doanh mdi.
Tfl gdc dp q u a n 1;^, dieu h a n h , chuyin bien ro n h a t la vide Chinh p h u dfla r a ydu eau phai k h a n trfldng hoan thidn he thohg phap ly ho trd khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao va eae k i t qua bflde d i u la dang khieh le. Cong thdng tin khdi nghidp doi radi sang tao qud'c gia da dUdc xay diing va dUa vao van hanh.
Cac hoat ddng de thiic hien muc tidu di ra da n h a n h ehdng dUde t r i l n khai, dae bidt la eae no luc n h i m dat tdi eon sd" da dinh la ho trd 800 dli an, 200 doanh nghiep khdi nghiep, trong dd 50 doanh nghiep gpi dUdc vd'n thanh edng tfl cac n h a d i u tU mao h i l m , thfle hien raua b a n va sap n h a p , vdi t i n g gia tri Udc t i n h khoang 1000 t y d l n g ^
Cac bidn p h a p dieu h a n h eua Viet Nam da dUa r a dinh hudng tUdng ddi ro rang ve vide thflc day t i n h t h i n khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao, bude d i u dem lai nhieu c h u y i n b i l n tieh cue. Sd' lieu khao s a t cho th^y thiic trang dang khich Id la Vidt N a m thuoe nhdm cac qud'c giahang d i u cua t h e gidi ma gidi ehinh t r i , t r u y e n t h d n g dai chiing cung nhU ngUdi 5. Quytft dinh 844/QD-TTg ciia Thii tudng Chuih phu ngay 18-5-2016.
Nghiin cdu Kinh lesd 3(466) - Thing 3/Z}17
dan CO quan d i l m r a t tfch ciic d ^ vdi hoat m i n h hoa ro n e t ve thilc t r a n g t i n h t h a n khSi dong doanh nghigp. H i n h 1 va bang 1 diia r a nghiep cua Vi$t N a m .
H I N H 1: M a c d o t h a n t h i e n c u a c a c q u o c g i a d o i voS h o a t d o n g d o a n h n g h i e p 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Anh, 78'/. Tmng Quoi^
Gfai chu-JOiao s^t SO nghin ngu&i tai44quffegia;%s<} ngubi tra I£)i co danli gi£ b'ch cue ddi vdi lioat ddng doanli ngliiep.
A^gutJn.'Defining tlie Entrepreneurial Spirit, Aimway Global Entrepreneurship Report 2015.
BANG 1: Mijfc d o s a n s a n g k h d i n g h i e p c u a V i e t N a m Quan diem ve cic nhan dinh duoc duoc ra
- Bit d£u hoat ddng kinh doanh ntag li mdt cd hdi nghd nghidp ddng mong udc - Gia dinh va ban be khdng bao gid ng3n can tdi bit diu hoat ddng kinh doanh li&ng
• Tdi CO dil ky nang va ngudn luc cin tht6t Ai bit diu hoat ddng Idnh doanh rifing
So ngu&i tra l&i dong y 89%
67%
75%
Ngudn: Defining the &ilrepreneurial Spirit, Armway Global Entrepreneurship Report 2015.
Sd" Hdu khao sat cho t h a y nhiJng chuyen bien tich cflc cua hoat ddng khdi nghiep tai Vidt Nam trong tUdng q u a n vdi t h e gidi. Viet Nam thudc nhdm dflng d i u khi cd tdi 73% so*
ngudi dUdc dieu t r a td r a t h a n thien va cd quan dilm tich cUe ve ho^t ddng doanh nghidp (so s a n h vdi mflc t r u n g binh toan eau la 50%). Bang 1 cho thSCy raflc do s^n sang ve khdi nghidp d Vidt Nara ciing r ^ t cao khi cd
BANG 2: M o t v a i c h i s o n e n t a n g c h o k h d i n g h i e p d o i mcfi s a n g t a o t a i V i e t N a m tdi 89% sd" ngudi dUdc khao sat cho r a n g b ^ t d i u hoat ddng kinh doanh ridng la mdt cd hdi n g h i nghidp dang mong Udc. Nhiing c h u y i n bien tUdng ddi tich eiic trong n h a n thflc va h a n h ddng ve khdi nghidp doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam dong thdi ciing g i n vdi nen t a n g ehung la ckc yeu to' hd trd cho khdi nghidp d l i radi sang tao dang dfldc cung co vflng chae, dac bidt la cac y l u to n e n t a n g v l cdng nghd.
Dansff
Stf ngucri sii dung internet Gil tri thuong mai di£n tu/ngu5i din
Ty Ifi ngucri mua hing qua mang/stf ngufri str diing internet 06c tinh ihbi gian tning binh ngutt Viftt Nam danh d^ xem TV va danh cho tray cflp internet
2013 90trifiu 36% d&n stf
120 USD 57%
Then gian tucmg duong nhau
2015 1 93 triSu I 4 5 % dan s6
150 USD 60%
Then gian danh cho internet vuot thcfi gian xem TV Ngudn: E-commcrce and Infonnation Technology Agency, 2015 Report.
Nghien cdu Kinh tasd3(466) - Thing 3/2017
15
Khdi nghiep tai Viet Nam
Cae so lieu thong ke ed ban nhlit cho tha'y sd fldm tao va thflc diy kinh doanh cua Vidt Vidt Nam dang hdi tu tUdng ddi diy du cac
ydu to thuan ldi di khdi nghiep, trong do dac bidt nha'n manh tdi khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao. Bao eao eua Bd Khoa hge va cdng nghd eho rang trong giai doan 2012 - 2016, cac cd
Nam da cd sii tang trfldng dang k l ca vl sd"
Ifldng va chaft Ifldng. Tinh deh nfim 2016, da phat trien mdi dUdc khoang 1800 doanh nghidp khdi nghidp va gin vdi dd la nhilu loai hinh td' ehfle thflc day kinh doanh.
HINH 2: Cac linh vufc khdi nghiep chu yeu tai Viet Nam hien nay
CSc ITnh virc khac
ThiAftig mai, dich vu 20%
Ngudn: Khao sat ciia BSSC dtfi vdi 500 start-ups, thang 8-2016
Tiem nang phat trien eua cac doanh nghidp khdi nghidp eiia Viet Nam dang ra't bfla hen va thu hut dfldc su quan tara cua nhieu nha diu tU ca trong va ngoai nude.
Mdt trong nhflng minh chflng cho dieu nay la sfl kien 500 Startups cua My cdng bd' quyd't dinh lap rieng mot quy nhd tri gia 10 trieu USD de hS trd vdh eho 100 dd'n 150 doanh nghiep khdi nghidp tai Vidt Nam. Gia tri moi lan ho trd khoang 100 nghin deh 250 nghin USD. Trong giai doan ddn nam 2020, sd'vd'n ho trd se dUdc tang ldn tdi 100 tridu USD^
Khao sat thiie te cua cac to ehfle nghien cflu, tfl va'n trong nfldc eung cho thay cac tin hieu tich eiic gan vdi xu hfldng lfla ehon linh viie, nganh nghe eua cac doanh nghidp khdi nghiep. Hinh 2 vdi minh hoa ket qua khao sat cua Tl ehfle BSSC thuoc Thanh Doan Tp.Ho Chi Minh cho thliy khoang 50% so' doanh nghiep khdi nghiep la thuoe linh viie cdng nghe, flng dung cdng nghe, 20% thudc linh vflc thUdng mai, dich vu va cd tdi 16%
khdi nghidp trong linh viic ndng nghiep.
Thiie td' hoat ddng khdi nghiep nhfl vay la phfl hdp vdi xu hfldng ehung ciia thd' gidi va dong thdi cung gin ehat vdi dae thu phat
trien cua Viet Nam, giup eae doanh nghidp khdi nghidp khai thae dUdc the raanh vdh ed trong eae linh vUc cd lidn quan, chdng han nhu linh viic ndng nghiep.
4. Ket luan
Khdi nghiep la chu de nhan dUdc sfl quan tara rdng khip eua ea cae nha lap chinh saeh va cac cac doanh nghidp, doanh nhan cua Viet Nam trong nhiing nam gin dSy.Mac dfl day la Iinh viic radi va vain dl khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao vin dat ra cho cac ca nhSn khdi nghidp nhfliig thach thflc ldn, nhUng kd't qua dat dUdc bude diu la dang khich Id. Danh gia ehung ve hoat ddng khdi nghiep tai Vidt Nam cho thity vin cdn kha nhieu va'n de dat ra tfl ca hai gdc do: (1) giai phap chinh saeh phfl hdp va (2) sii hudng flng, mflc dd sin sang eua cac ca nhan dl bat diu khdi nghiep:
- Cac ed chd', ehinh sach hd trd hoat ddng khdi nghiep dli radi sang tao da tflng budc dUdc dUa ra nhUng thflc te cho thay cae chfnh
6. Bio Ngucri lao ddng, (http://nld.com.vn/thoi-su- quoc-Ie/500-startup-cong-bo-quy-dau-tu-viet-nam-lO- lrieu-usd-20160308183252476.htm).
16 Nghan cdu Klnh lesd3(466) - Thing 3/2017
skch n a y y I n ehUa du, chua dong bd va chUa dam bao nha't quan khi ap dung.
- Cac ehinh sach hd trd ndi ehung chua du manh, v i n thie'u eae quy dinh eu the, raang nkng tinh khuyen khich ehung ehung.
- Nguon llie d a n h cho ho trd khdi nghiep edn h a n hep. Cac chinh saeh cua N h a nUdc hidn mdi t a p t r u n g vao h i n h t h a n h mot so"
vUdn Udm doanh nghidp, bao l a n h tin dung vdi quy md vfla phai, cung ca'p mot s^ tU v§h v l quan tri doanh nghidp... Day la n h u n g ho trd r a t c i n t h i l t nhiing ehUa thflc sii du manh dd tao r a nhiing ddt p h a mdi.
- Cdn n h i l u b a t cap trong phdi hdp gifla trung Udng va dia phUdng de thue d i y khdi nghidp d l i mdi sang tao g i n vdi cac dac thfl vflng mien.
- Tfl gdc do cae doanh nghiep va cae ca nhan t h a m gia khdi nghidp cho thSiy v i n cdn thieu v l n g nhiing y tudng mdi, thflc sti s^ng tao dd cd thd tao dfldc do tin cay cao, t h u h u t dfldc sii quan t a m hd trd cua cac cd quan quan ly n h a nudc eung nhU quan t^m d i u t u eua cac td chflc, ca n h a n , cac quy d i u tfl.
- NguIn lflc cua eae ea n h a n , to chflc khdi nghidp - bao g l m ca n h a n liic, tai liie, vat lUc - cdn kha h a n hep.
Cflng vdi qua t r i n h p h a t t r i l n eua da't nfldc, cac ehu trUdng, chinh sach v l thuc day
t i n h t h i n khdi nghidp, tao t h u a n ldi cho hoat ddng doanh nghidp, eoi trong doanh nghiep, doanh n h a n , xae dinh dung vai trd, vi t h e cua k h u vflc k i n h te' tU n h a n da tfllig bfldc dfldc b a n h a n h va thiic hidn. Day la xu hUdng tdt, gdp p h i n tiing budc hoan thidn khudn kho p h a p ly va cac t h e che' lien quan phuc vu cho hoat ddng khdi nghidp d l i mdi, sang tao. Mac du v i n cdn dd ra't n h i e u khd k h a n , vfldng rale nhflng sfl gia t a n g m a n h me eua eae doanh nghidp khdi nghidp, nhflng e h u y i n bid'n ro n e t ca ve n h a n thfle va thUe te p h a t trien cua hoat ddng khdi nghiep eho t h a y eae nd luc cua Vidt Nam dang thiic sii di dflng hudng./.
TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
1. Aswath Damodaran (2009), Valuing Young, Start-up and Growth Companies: Estimation Issues and Valuation Challenges, Stem School of Business, New York University, May.
2. E-commerce and Information Technology Agency, 2015 Report.
3. Paul Graham (2005), How to start a start-up?.
The essay is derived from a talk at the Harvard Computer Society, http://paulgraham.com/start.html.
4. Steve Blank (2003). The 6 Types of Startups, The Wall Street Journal,
http://blogs.wsj.coni/accelerators/2013/06/24/steve- blaiik-die-6-types-of-startups-2/, Jun. 24*.
Nghien cdu Kmh te so 3(466) - Thing 3/2017
