KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
MOT s d GlAl P H A P GIAIVI T H I E U T A C DdiVli
CIJA DU LICH DEIV CAC HE 5IMH T H A I RimiG ^
D!A BAIXI T H A I X I H PHO H A IMOI
Tiin Tlii Trangi, Vuong Van Q u M ' - ^ " ' ^ ^ " ^ ' TOMTAT . , Bai Viet phan tich tinb hinh phat trier ciia du lich 6 cac khu rimg thuoc thanh phd Ha Noi. tac dOng cua no den cac thanh phan ciia he sinh thai rimg va nhimg giai phap de giam thieu tac dong cua du hch den cac e sinh thai ning 6 dia ban thanh pho Ha Noi. Co 6 hoat dong du lich anh huong ro ret den rimg, g^m- luu Iru, an udng, lk hoi, vui choi giai tri, mua sSm, tham quan thirong ngoan. Co 6 thanh phan cua rimg hi an"
huong manh boi hoat dong du lich, gom: ngudn nuoc, cac loai thli, cac loai chira, cac loai ca suoi, cay rau va cay duoc lieu. Nhung giai phap chu yeu de giam thieu anh huong cua du lich den rimg, gdm: (1) tang cirong quan Iy cac dich vu an udng va mua sim frong khu du Iich; (2) tang cutmg giao due cho du khach tham gia vao hoat dong tham quan thuong ngoan; (3) ban hanh va ap dung nhimg tieu chuan moi fruang ddi voi ho?t dOng du Iich o cac he sinh thai rung; (4) ban hanh va ap dung nhung nguygn tic chi dao hoat dong du hch a cac he smh thai ning; (5) ban hanh quy che quan Iy du lich a cac he sinh thai rimg.
T& khda; Du lich d cac he smh thai rimg. du Uch sinh thai, quan ly du lich, nguyen tic chl dao hoat ddng du lich, giai phap quan lydu hch.
I.DATVANDE
Ha Npi ed 27.756 ha rimg va dat lam nghiep phan bd chii yeu d 3 huyen Ba Vi, My Diie va Sdc Son, trong dd cd 7.583 ha rimg tir nhien va 12.495 ha rimg trdng edn Iai la nhimg loai dat khae nbu mil da, dat trdng, vudn qua, cay nong nghiep. Vdi tinh da dang cao ciia eanh quan thien nhien, su phong phii dac biet eua cae gidng Ioai ddng, thue vat, miie trong ianh gan nhu tuyet ddi ciia moi trudng sinh thai, Iai ehiia dung nhidu cdng trinh van hda va di tieh Iich str, nhidu canh quan thien nhien ky tbii va tinh trang an ninh tdt, cae khu rimg tren dia ban tiianh phd Ha Noi da trd thanh diem den hap dan bac nhat trong nhimg ngay nghi cudi tudn va nhiing ky nghi Id tet cua ngudi dan Thu dd va du khacb thap phuong.
Du Iieh b cac he sinh thai rimg ngudi dan va du khach duoc sdng hoa minh vdi thien nhien, gan giii vdi thien nhien, vira giai tri, nghi duong, vira tu minh tim hieu, kham pha nhimg dieu ky tiiu cua thien nhien. Hg ed the tim d dd nhirng earn hiing, nhiing kien thuc, y niem dao dire, diic tinh nhan ban, tinh yen thien nhien, tinh yeu ddng Ioai, yeu cuoc sdng, yeu que huong dat nude v.v...Trong nhirng nam qua du Iich d eac khu rimg fren dia ban thanh phd Ha Noi khong ngimg phat trien. Mdi nam rimg d dia ban
' Cue Bien doi Khi hau. Bo Tai nguyen vii M6i tmong ' Hoi Khoa hoc Ky thual Lam nghiep Viet Nam
thanh pbd Ha Ngi va cae cdng trinh van hda, cae di tich Iich su, cac diem den tam linh trong dia ban da ddn nhan hang tneu du khach, gdp phan dang ke vao phat tiien kfrih te xa hdi va eai thien din sdng eiia ngudi dan dia phuong. Tuy nhien, rimg a dia ban thanh phd Ha Ndi cung dang bi tac dong manh me bdi du Iich. Vdi nhu eau ve khdng gian cho eac eong trinh du lich, cae tiiydn lir hanh, tham ngam giai fri, vdi nhu cau ve cac san pham thu cdng my nghe, qua luu niem, thue pham saeh va mdi la tii rimg, vdi mgi su dn a, huyen nao, dam dap, quay nhidu ciia du khaeh v.v... ndu du Iich khong dugc quan Iy tdt dang ti-d thanh ap luc gdp phan Iam suy thoai cac he smh thai rimg.
De phat huy nhimg gia fri eua rimg cho phat tnen du hch d Thu do va giam thap nhat nhiing tae dgng cua du Iieh den tinh nguyen ven, den nhirng gia tn vdn cd ciia cac khu rimg, can nghien ciiu nhan dien nhiing gia tri va frem nang to Idn eua rimg eho phat trien du Uch, nhan di^n nhirng tac dong hien tai cung nhu frem nang ciia du hch den rimg, tir dd xay dung nhiing giai phap quan ly boat dong du lich, dam bao than thien voi rimg, cd frach nhiem voi rimg va ngudi dan dia phuong. Bai bao trinh bay anh hudng cua hoat dpng du lich den cae khu rimg b dia ban thanh phd Ha Noi va mdt sd giai phap de giam thieu tae dong cua du hch ddn cae he sinli thai rimg d thanh phd Ha Ngi.
102 NONG NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THAN^ ^020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
2 . PHUDNG PHAP NGHBV CUU
2.1. Phuong phap ti^p cdn ti-ong nghito cthi Thuc trang phat tridn du lich d- cae he sinh thai rimg dugc danh gia bang cac chi tieu phan anh miic do hoat ddng, eung nhu anh huong eiia du Hch den cac khu rimg. Cae chi tieu danh gia tiiuc trang du lich la viee van diing chinh saeh du lich, van dung cae nguyen tac chi dao hoat ddng du lich, sd lugng du khach va doanh thu du lich, cac co sd vat chat ky thuat, Iuc lugng lao ddng du hch v.v... Tuy nhien, quan frgng nhat la Iugng khaeh du lich va anh hudng cua du iieh den cac he sinh thai rimg. Day la nhung chi tieu hen quan ddn nhidu chi tieu khac cua du Iich dhe sinh thai rimg.
Anh hudng cua du hch den cac thanh phan cua hd sinh thai rimg do 3 nguyen nhan chinh, gdm:
(1) dua phe thai vao rimg, (2) khai thac qua miie cac san pham tii rimg va (3) gay nen nhimg nii ro cho he sinh thai rimg. Nhiing boat dong quan trong ciia du lich cd anh hudng ddn rimg la nhiing hoat dong ed tidm nang tao ra mdt, hai hoac ca ba nguydn nhan tren. Cdn nhiing thanh phan moi trudng chiu tac ddng manh cua du Iich la nhimg thanh phan cd the ehiu tae ddng true tidp ctia 3 nguydn nhan dd.
2.2. Phirong phap nghidn cihi, ky thulit su dyng 2.2.1. Phmmg phap ke thira tirlieu
Da kd thira nhung sd lieu frong cae bao eao, eac de an quy hoach du Iieh, phuong an phat trien rimg bdn viing cua ban quan Iy Vudn Qudc gia (VQG) Ba Vl (6], Ban Quan ly rimg phdng hd va dac dung Ha Noi [4], trong cac phuong an quy hoach phat trien du heh cua thu dd (8], cac bao cao tinh hinh phat tridn kinh te xa hdi cua UBND cac huydn va thanh phd [4, 8]. Tham khao cac van ban phap luat lidn quan ddn phat trien du Iieh d cac he sinh thai rimg nhu Uiat Lam nghiep, Luat Da dang Sinh hgc, Luat Bao ve mdi trudng, Luat Du Iich [5] v.v...
2.2.2. Phuong phap danb gia nbanb ndng thon Tien hanh phdng van 30 ddi tuong la cac can bd chinh quydn, eac don vi quan Iy rimg, eac doanh nghiep du Iich va du khach a 3 khu vuc rimg trgng diem va cd hoat dong du lich quan trgng eiia Thu do la: Ba Vl, Sdc Son va My Diic. Ndi dung phdng van chii yeu ve thue frang phat trien du lich, anh hudng ciia du lich den he sinh thai ning va giai phap giam
thieu anh hudng eua du lich ddn cae he smh thai rimg.
2.2.3. Pbuong phap khao sat thue dia Da tien hanh quan sat va dieu fra nhu cdu cua 100 du khach vdi cac san pham du lich tir rimg, frong dd ed sd ngudi tham gia sir dung san pham du lich khae nhau, sd luong su dung eiia mdi du khach vdi cac san pham du lich, cae hanh vi gay tac dong beu cue cua du khach den cac he sinh thai rimg v.v...
Khao sat true tiep nguyen tae chi dao boat ddng du lich ghi tren eac bien quang cao, eac bien chi dan, cac td roi hudng dan boat dpng du lich b eac khu rimg.
2.2.4. Phuong pbap xulysd lieu
Su dung phuong phap phan tieh thdng ke de tdng hgp anh hudng cua du Hch den cac thanh phan cua he sinh thai rimg, sii dung phuong phap da tieu ehuan de xac dinh nhiing tbanh phan cua rimg bi tac dgng bdi boat ddng du Hch, xae dinh nbung hoat dong quan frgng cd anh budng manh me tdi cac thanh phan cua rimg.
Sit dung phuong phap ma tran moi trudng de danh gia anh hudng cua du lieh den cae tbanh phan ciia he sinh thai rimg, su dung phuong phap chuyen gia de eho diem vao eac bang ma tran mdi trudng trong qua trinh xay dung bang ma tran mdi trudng.
Nhung giai phap giam thieu tac dgng cua du Hch den eac he sinh thai rung dugc xae dinh thong qua ket qua phan tich bang ma fran mdi trudng va nhirng y kien ddng gdp eua chuyen gia qua mgt hdi thao ky thuat vd danh gia tac ddng cila du Hch den bao ve moi trudng d eac he smh thai rimg.
3. XET QUA NGHHI CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. TTiuc trang phat tridn du lich a cac khu rimg trdn dia ban thanh phd Ha Ndi
Theo sd Heu cua UBND huyen Ba Vi va VQG Ba Vl cho tiiay, luong khach den Ba Vi khong ngimg tang len frong nhimg nam gin day, sd Heu duoc the hien g bang 1.
Sd Heu cho thay Iugng du khach lien tuc tang Ien trong nhidu nam, mue ti-ung binh la xap xi 4%/nam.
O khu du lieh do VQG Ba Vi quan ly Iugng du khaeh tang len kha nhanh, cd thdi ky nam sau tang gan gap doi nam trudc.
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHL
Bane l.Lramedu khach d&VOGBaVi , Nam
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Luang du khach den VQGBaVi (nguoi)
2.300.000 2.380.000 2.500.000 2.600.000 2.700.000 2.800.000
Muc tang tmong hang nam (%)
3,5 5,0 4,0 3,8 3,7
Lupng du khach den Idiu du lich do VQG Ba Vl quan ly (nguoi)
131.284 149.195 216.050 371.821 379.838 398.811
Miic tang tnrong hang nam (%)
13,6 44,8 72,1 2,2 5,0
450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000
200,CO0 1»,000 lOOflOO SOflOO 0
Lugng du khach (nguoi)
-
• "
-
2010 2011 2012
--•
2013 2014 301S 2016 2017
Nam
20ia I'm
(Nguon: UBND huyen Ba Vi va VQGBa Vi) cua VQG Ba Vi ed the dat 3,4 tiieu du khach mdt nam.
Nhu cau du Iich ddn vcri khu di tich van hda Iich sti Huong Son cung khong ngiing tang Ien qua cac nam. Theo thong tin eua UBND huyen My Diic sd du khaeh frong nhimg nam gan day dupe tiidng kd b bang 3.
Hinh 1. Si^ gia tang cua du khach do Ban quan ly du lich b VQG Ba Vi quan 1^
Lugng khach du lich den khu du Heh do VQG Ba Vi quan ly nam 2016 va 2017 tang gap gan hai Ian nhiing nam 2014 va 2015, muc tang frTing binh tdi 20%/nam. Theo xu hudng gia tang Iugng du khach tiling binh frong hai nam gan day khoang 4% mgt nam cd the du doan Iugng du khaeh den khu du Iich cua VQG Ba Vi trong nhiing nam tdi nhu b bang 2.
Bang 2. Udc dokn. lugng du khach ddn vudn khu du lich do VQG Ba Vi quan ly
Nam
2020 2021 2022 2023
Luong du khach den VQGBaVi (nguoi) 3.028.000 3.149.000 3.275.000 3.406.000
Luong du khach den khu du Uch do VQGBaVi quan ly
(nguoi) 431.300 448.600 466.500 485.200 Bang 2 cho thay khoang 4 nam sau, la vao nam 2023 luong khach den khu du lich do Ban du lich VQG Ba Vi quan ly co the tang len xap xi 500.000 nguoi/nam va luong khach du lich den mpi khu vuc
Banj Nam 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
3. Luong du khacl Luong du khach
(nguoi) 1.240.000 1.250.000 1.400.000 1.430.000 1.500.000 Trung binh
den Hmmg ban Miic tang trucmg
hang nam (%) 0,8 12,0
2,1 4,9 5,0 (Nguon: UBND huyen Huong Son) Sd Iugng du khach den Huong Son tang Ien qua cac nam va vdi miic tang tuong ddi dn dinh, trung binh khoang 5%. Theo miic tang trung binh nhu hien nay cd the ude doan vao nam 2023 Iugng du khach den Huong Son cd the dat miic 1,900.000 ngudi/nam.
Tuy nhien theo ket qua khao sat Iugng khach du Iich tdi Huong Son chu yeu vdi muc dich Id hoi, hanh huong, tham quan thang eanh Huong Son. Trong do 30% lugng khach ddn chi voi mue dich tin nguong.
Rimg va canh quan song niii Huong Son that my Ie. Nd da Iam tang tinh hap dan cua cac eong trinh van hda Heh su. Ket qua phdng van cho thay nhieu du khach mudn den Huong Son de ngam phong canh mii rimg hiing vT. Tuy nhien, phin ldn du khach thich ngdi thuydn de ngdm eanh, ma rM it ngudi thuc sir len niii tham quan, thudng ngoan, nghi duong d nhirng khu rimg. Nguyen nhan chu yen do thieu ca
104 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE sd ha ting nhu dudng xa, tuydn tiiam quan, co sd lim
tni va eac dieh vu du Iich khae. Vi vay, cd thd tin rang vdi chinh sach dau tu du Iieh va ky tiiuat quan ly tdt se tao didu kidn dd phat tridn manh me nhieu loai hinh du Hch a Huong Son, Iam cho rimg Huong Son hap dan hon vdi du khach Thu do.
O Soe Son eae khu rung phdng hd nhidu nam nay da thanh didm ddn eua du khach Thii do. Cac eo sd du lich cua hg gia dinh va doanh nghiep phat trien khap noi frong va ven rimg. Theo udc tinh mdi nam ed hang tram nghin luot du khach da ddn day. Tuy nhign, do phan Idn la kinh doanh du lieh tu phat ndn khdng ed eo quan nao thdng ke Iugng du khaeh den khu vuc Sdc Son. Theo sd Ueu udc doan cua Ban Quan ly rimg phdng hg dac dung Ha Ndi, nam 2018 Iugng khach den qua Tnmg tam Quan ly du khaeh Den Gidng khoang 250.000 ngudi, Iugng khach den qua Cong ty Du Hch Ban Rom khoang 90.000 ngudi, lugng khach den qua 29 ca sd kmh doanh nha nghi cd dang ky khoang 180.000 ngudi, lugng khaeh den du ngoan frong cac khu rimg cua chu nhan khoan bao v6 khoang 200.000 ngudi. Nhu vay, theo sd Heu thdng ke ehua day du, thi tdng Iugng khach du lich den rimg Sdc Son nam 2018 khoang 720.000 ngudi.
Vdi xu hudng tang Ien ciia Iugng khach du Heh khoang 5% mdt nam thi Iugng khach du lich b Sdc Son ed thd dat 920.000 ngudi vag nam 2023.
Nhu cau du Iich ciia ngudi dan Thu dd den eac hd smh thai rimg khdng ngimg tang len. Lugng khach du Hch den cac khu rimg a dia ban thanh phd Ha Ngi nam 2018 la 5.020.000 ngudi va tiieo xu hudng tang len khoang 5% mdi nam nhu hien nay thi frgng vdng 5 nam tm, vao nam 2023, Iugng du khaeh se dat xap xi 6.500.000 nguoi.
Lugng du khach ddn cae khu rimg ngay cang tang da trd thanh ngudn lire phue vu cho cong tac bao ve va phat trien rimg, nhung ndu quan ly hoat ddng du Hch khdng tdt cung cd tiie la ap Iuc cho quan ly rimg. Vi vay, nghien ciiu va thuc hien nhtmg giai phap giam thieu tac ddng cua du Hch den cae khu rimg da ngay cang trd nen cip bach hon.
3.2. Tac dgng ctia du lich ddn cac hd sinh thai rimg a Ek Ngi
3.2.1. Cac boat dpng du lich o cac hi sinb thai rimg
Kdt qua nghidn thdng ke dugc 10 boat ddng du Iich chu yeu b cac he sinh thai ning, gdm: an udng,
mua sam, van chuyen, vui ehoi giai tri, the thao, tham quan thudng ngoan, giao due moi trudng, nghien ciiu khoa hoe, chiia benh. Id hoi va hgi nghi.
Can eii vao 3 nguyen nhan ma con ngudi cd the tac dong tidu cue den moi trudng, da xay dung ba tidu chi de danh gia miic dd tac ddng hay kha nang tiem tang tae dong eua cac hoat ddng du Hch den moi trudng gdm: (1) nguy co khai thac tai nguyen nguydn qua miic; (2) nguy ca dua phe tiiai vao mdi trudng; (3) nguy co gay riii ro mdi trudng,
- Hoat ddng an udng: Dich vu an udng la hoat ddng quan trong cua du lich b cac khu rimg. Hoat dgng an udng luon di Hdn vdi su dung thuc pham, frong dd cd thuc pham tir rimg. Day la mpt nhdm lam san ngoai gd, chiing duoc khai thac tir ning dd Iam thiic an cho du khach. Thuc pham tir rimg tirong ddi da dang, gdm cae Ioai nam, mang, rau, qua, cu, vd, than, rk, la, ehim, thii, con trimg, ech nhai, bd sat v.v.,. Chung la nhiing bd phan hoae toan than nhung thue vat, dpng vat va nam frong hd smh thai rimg.
Ket qua thdng kg cho thay cd 23 loai trong cac hd smh thai rimg duoc sii dung iam tbuc pham cho khach du lich. Trong do cd 18 loai thuc vat va 5 loai la dgng vat.
Mot sd loai rau ed the khai thac duoc b tat ca cae kieu rimg tu nhien va rimg trdng nhu rau ding eay, rau ddn, rau ma, rau tdm bdp, rau sam, rau den com V.V.... nhung cd mot sd loai chi phat fridn tdt frong rimg tu nhign nhu rau sing, cac Ioai qua, cu v.v... Cac loai ddng vat duoc khai thac ehii yeu eho du Heh gdm de mii, ca sudi, cua sudi, sde va diii. Cae Ioai nay ehu ydu gap duge b rimg tu nhien.
Ket qua dieu tra cho thay mgi du khach khi den vdi rimg deu thieh an rau rimg, muc tigu thu ciia ho trung binh 0,2 kg mot ngudi. Trong trudng hop khong cd rau rung tiii du khach phai sir dung rau khac thay the. Nguoc Iai, sd du khach mudn an ddng vat rimg trong nhihig nha hang ciia khu du Iieh it hon, cii 4 ngudi moi eo mot ngudi cd nhu cau, moi nguoi ed the an 0,15 kg. Nhu vay, binh quan mdt du khach chi co the an 0,035 kg dpng vat rimg.
Mac dil vdl Iugng san pham bi thue vat va ddng vat rimg CO the su dtmg hdi mpt du khach khong nhidu, nhung vdi sd lugng du khach Idn thi ap luc cua du Heh len eac san pham tir rimg ciing se rit dang ke. Day cung la mgt trong nhiing nguyen nhan Iam suy giam eae san phim tir rimg.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2020 105
KHOA HOC CONG N G k . Cae nha hang eung la nhiing co sd cd nhidu
nude thai va rac thai. Tuy nhien, khao sat b Ba Vi va Sde Son cho thay rac thai nha hang tiiudng khong bi dua xa vao rimg ma dugc ddt, hoac thu gom rdi cbuyen den eac bai thai. Rieng nude thai thudng true tiep dd vao cac ddng sudi khdng qua xir ly. Day la mot trong nhtmg nguyen nhan gay 6 nhidm eua ddng nude gan khu du lieh. O nhidm nude a kliu du Heh Huong Son ehu ydu vao miia Id hpi, cdn 6 nhidm nude d cac khu du Heh Ba Vi va Sdc Son chu yeu xay ra vao miia he, khi sd luong du khach len eao nhat trong nam.
Ket qua phdng van cho thay eac dich vu an udng vdi thue pham khong dupe kidm soat ed tiie dua nguon benh vao gay hai cho cac dong thirc vat rimg.
Tuy nhien, d eac khu rimg thupe dia ban thanb pbd Ha Npi vin chua cd chiing cti ve cae Ioai dgng thuc vat rimg hi lay dich qua dudng tiep pham tii ngoai vao cac khu du lich.
- Hoat dpng mua sim: Mua sim la boat dong phd bien cua du khach. Ho mua hing hda b kbu du lieh Iam ky niem, lam qua tang, dd sit dung, de ung hg c6ng ddng dia phuong, iing hd kinh phi bao ve khu ning, de phdng sinh v.v... Phan Idn du khach ddu mua sam mot thii' gi do eua khu du Iich. Tuy nhien, hp thich mua cac san phim tir rimg va dac biet la san pham duoc san xuat bdi ngudi dan dia phuong.
Nhung san pham hing hda duoc du khacb quan tam phd bien la eac loai dugc thao, eac hang thii eong my nghe, chim va thii canh, rau rimg va dong vat rimg, banh keo, dd Id v.v... Ket qua didu fra cho thay cii 3 nguiri cd 1 ngudi mua huong va vang ma, 2 nguiri cd mgt ngudi mua banh keo hoac hoa qua, 5 ngudi cd 1 ngudi mua do choi hoae dd luu niem, khoang 20 nguiyi cd mgt ngudi mua cac san pham lam tbude, 25 ngudi ed mot ngudi mua tbu vat de phdng smb tai kbu du Heh, hoac dem ve nha Iam thuc pham. Trong nhung san pham hang hda dugc du Idiach mua sim cd nhiing san pham tir rimg nhu rau va dgng vat rimg, dugc thao, hang thii eong my nghe v.v...
Phe thai cua hoat dgng mua sim chii ydu Hen quan ddn cae bao bi ddng gdi cac san pham duoc loai thai ra khi sir dung tai chd nhu cae bao gdi banh keo, vang huong, do le v.v... Tuy nbien, nhiing phe thai ciia hoat dpng mua sim la khong lon.
Theo khao sat thi hoat ddng mua sam o ckc khu du lieh frong rimg ed tiie tao ra ap luc nhat dinb den eac gidng loai dugc su dung de san xuat hang no*' frong dd ed eac Ioai chim thu duoc tiia phdng sin , dugc Hgu, rau qua, cay canh, smh vat canh ndi chung v.v... Tuy nhign, ap luc cua mua sim den den he sinh thai trong dugc danb gia la chua ldn.
- Hoat dpng van cbuyen: Hoat dong van chuyen anh hudng den nguy co khai thae dat va cay coi Iam dudng van chuyen frong eac khu rung. Tuy nhien, den nay hoat dpng van ehuyen chii yeu didn ra frgn nhtmg tuydn dudng tinic ehinh dugc quan ly bdi eac VQG va ban quan Iy rimg. Vi vay, ngudi ta eho rang anh hudng tieu cue ciia ehung den eac he sinh thai rimg chua eao.
Phe tiiai do hoat ddng van chuyen chu ydu la xang, diu, tidng dn. O cac khu du lieh frong rimg boat dgng van chuyen ehi thuc hien d nhirng true dudng ehinh do ban quan ly rimg quy dinh va tic dong khong manh me ddn he sinh thai rimg.
Van ehuydn gay rui ro mdi trudng ehii yeu la gay chay rimg. Xang dau chiia frong eac phuang tidn giao thong hoac frong cac dung cu chiia a kho bai ed the gay hoa hoan va Ian vao Iam chay rimg. Tuy nhien, nguy co gay chay rimg bdi nhien Heu cua cac phuong tien van chuyen khdng cao.
- Hoat dpng vui choi giai tii; Hoat dong vui chgi giai tri vdi nguy co khai thac tai nguyen bieu hien ehii ydu la khai thac dien tich Iam khu vui choi giai tri. O cae noi cd hoat dong vui choi giai tri thudng anh hudng manh tdi cac cay cd va ddng vat ning.
Tuy nhien dien tich lam khu vui ehoi thudng khdng Idn do dd nd khdng anh hudng ro ret vg khai thac tai nguyen rimg.
Hoat dong vui choi giai tri tbudng dua phd thai vao rimg la bao bi thuc pham, nude dong chai, tieng dn v.v... Tuy nhien, nguy co dua chat thai vao rimg eua nhtmg hoat ddng vui choi giat fri dugc danh gia khong cao.
Vui choi giai tri thudng ed nguy ca gay riii ro moi trudng lign quan den viec sii' dung lira frai, sudi im, nau an, frong rimg. Phan Idn cic vu chiy rimg a khu du Hch ddu Hgn quan den hoat dong vui choi giai tri. d nbung khu sinh thai boat ddng vui clioi giai tri la nguyen nhan chinb Iam chet cac eay co, mat het tham mim va mat dat tro frui, gay xdi mon manh va tham chi iam re dat, tac dpng ca den he rg cu?, nhiing
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG i /2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE cay gd. Nguy co gay rut ro mdi tnrdng ddi vdi he sinh
thai rimg bdi cac boat ddng vui choi giai tii gay nen dugc danh gia la tuong ddi cao.
- Hoat ddng the tiiao: Hoat dgng the tiiao lien quan ddn san bai. Tuy nhien, phan ldn cac san hai the thao tiiudng trong dien tich xay dung ciia cae khu du Iich. Hien nay d cae vimg rtmg vin it phat tnen dich vu tiie thao frong cae khu du lich. Hidn tai vin chua cd ghi nhan dupe nhiing phe thai dang ke tii dieh vu the thao trong rimg.
- Hoat dpng tham quan thu&ng ngoan: Ket qua khao sat eho thay hoat dgng tham quan thudng ngoan khdng gay nguy eo khai thac qua miie tai nguyen rimg.
Tham quan thudng ngoan vol nguy co dira phe thai vao rung ehu yeu la rac thai dugc tao ra tii bao bi thuc pham, nude udng, tidng dn v.v...Tuy nhien, phan ldn ngudi dugc phdng van eho thay nguy co phd thai cua boat dpng tiiam quan thudng ngoan eung khong cao.
Rui ro cua boat dong tham quan thudng ngoan vdi he sinh thai ning chd ydu d nguy eo dua Iiia vao rimg. Kha nang gay nguy ca ehay rimg tir hoat dpng tham quan thudng ngoan chii yeu trong tnrdng hgp nhdm it ngudi. Hg khong nhan tinic diy du rui ro boi viee sudi am, hut thudc, quay nhidu ddng vat, dim dap, be eay, hai la gay nen. Tham quan thudng ngoan ciing anh hudng true tiep tdi cac ddi tupng tham
quan nhit la nhirng loii dae huu, quy hiem, nhimg cay cd Ihu, cay ed hoa la dep v.v...
- Hoat dpng li bdl Hoat ddng lg hdi voi khai thac tai nguyen nguygn khong ro rang. Tuy nhien hoat ddng Id hpi thudng vdi sd Iupng du khach Ion, tap trung trong thdi gian ngin, nen nguy co- dua nhidu phe thai vao rimg d miic cao. Hoat dong Id hpi eiing dugc danh gia gay nhieu riii rg vdi cac khu rimg, frong dd cd tieng dn, ngudn benh, chay rung, chat eay be canh va dim dap mat dat v.v...
- Cac boat dpng khac (giao due mdi tru&ng, nghien cdu khoa hgc, ch&a hinb va hpi nghi): Cac hoat dgng nay dupe danh gia la tie dpng khong Idn tdi he sinh thai rimg. Hoat ddng nay cd tiie la khai thac miu vat tii rimg, sir dung rimg lam dia ban kien tap, sir dung moi tnrdng rung lam dieu kien nghi duong, chua benh, hoi nghi v.v... Ket qua phdng van va khao sat true tiep cho tbay nhiing boat dpng nay cung it dua phe thai vao ning, it gay nii ro moi trudng cho cac khu rimg.
Tir ket qua didu tra da tien hanh cho diem vd miic tac dong eiia timg boat ddng du lich den he sinh thai ning theo cac tigu chi. Hoat dpng nao cd miic anh hudng cao nhat dupe cho didm 10, cac hoat ddng khac cd diem thip hon va duge xae dinh bang each so sanh tugng ddi miic anh hudng cua nd voi miic anh hudng ciia boat dong cd anh hudng cao nhit.
Kdt qua chg didm ve miie anh hudng eua timg hoat dong du Hch den he sinh thai rimg theo timg tieu chi dupe the hien d bang 4.
Bang 4. Tac dpng ciia cac hoat dgng du lich ddn hd sinh thai riing Cac hoat ddng du lich chu yeu
Luu tni An uong Mua sam Van chuyen Vui choi The thao
Tham quan rimg thuong ngoan Giao due moi trmmg Nghien cuu khoa hoc Chira b^nh L^hoi Hoi nghi
Nguy CO khai thac qua miic tai nguygn rung
3 10 8 1 2 1 2 0 2 4 2 0
Nguy CO dua ph^ thai vao
rung 5 10 2 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 7 2
Nguy CO gay riii cho cac khu
rtmg 1 5 2 2 10 3 4 0 2 0 8 2
Tong 9 25 12 5 15 6 9 0 4 4 17 4
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 1 /2020 107
KHOA HOC CONG N C H l
So lieu cho thay co thi dua ra 6 hoat dong du lich CO anh huong nhi^u nh^t den moi trucmg 6 cac he sinh thai rimg gom; luu tni, an udng, li hoi, vui choi giai tri, mua sam, tham quan thuimg ngoan.
Day cung la nhimg hoat dong du lich can phan tich danh gia anh huong dgn moi truong a cac he smh thai rimg.
3.2.2 Cac thanh phan cda he sinh thai rung bi die ddng bdi hoat ddng du lich
Tac dong cua du lich ddi voi cac he smh thai rimg la viec lam thay ddi thanh phan cua cac he sinh
thai rimg voi 3 nguyen nhan chu yeu: bi khai a qua miic, bi tac ddng bdi phe thai, chiu rui ro ™<"
tniong. Be xac dinh nhimg thanh phan cua runs chiu tac dpng manh nhat boi du Uch, nhom chuyen gia da cho diem ttmg thanh phan theo kha nang chiu tac dong theo 3 nguyen nhan tren. Nguyen tac cho diem la thanh phan nao chiu tac dong manh nhat se cho diem 10, dilm cua cac thanh phin khac dugc xac dinh bang each so sanh tuong ddi vdi thanh phan chiu anh hudng manh nhit, sd lieu duoc the hien d bang 5.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bangs. Miic bi tdc Cac hoat ddng du Uch chii
yeu Sat Ngudn nude Dien tich rirng Cac cay gd Cae eay rau Cac cay dugc Ueu Cac cay nguyen Ueu thu cdng my nghe Cac loai thu Cac loai chim Cac loai ca
ddng cua cdc thanh ph Do khai thae tai nguyen qua miic
1 1 2 2 10 7 4 9 4 8
ia riing bdi hoat ddng du Uch Do tac ddng
eua phe thai 3 10 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3
Do riii ro mdi tnrdng
3 2 2 3 3 1 2 10 4 6
Tdng 7 13
5 7 14 9 7 21 10 17 Sd lidu cho thay frong 10 thanh phin cua ning
ed the hi anh hudng bdi du lieh thi ed 6 thanh phin bi tac dpng manh bdi boat dgng du Iich, dd la ngudn nude, cic Ioai thu, eac loai chim, cae loai ca sudi, cay rau, eay dugc Hdu.
3.2.3. Bang ma tran tie ddng cua du lich den cac hi smh thai rimg
Tren cg sd 6 boat dpng quan frgng eua du Iich cd tac dgng manh den he sinh thai rimg va 6 thanh
phan cua he smh thai rimg bi tae dpng mgnh boi du lich, da xay dung duoc bang ma tran mdi tnrdng cd 6 cdt va 6 hang. Trong dd mdi cdt la mdt hoat ddng quan frgng eua du Hch va mdi hang la mdt thanh phin cua rimg hi tac ddng manh bdi du Heh.
De xic dinh trgng sd ciia cac hoat dpng du Iich frong bang ma tran da tien banh lap bang phan tich tiem nang tac ddng cua chiing bing phuong phap da tieu chuin, kdt qua dupe thd hign d bang 6.
Bang 6. K^t qua cho di^m v^ tam quan trong ciia cac hoat ddng du Uch a he sinh t h i Cac boat ddng du lich
chu yeu Luu tni An udng Mua sdm Vui choi Tham quan Lehdi
Miic khai thac tai nguydn
3 10 8 2 2 4
Miicxa thai
5 10 2 3 4 5
Muc nii ro
2 5 3 L 1 "
6 3
Tdng 10 25 13 11 16 12
rimg Trgng
so 0,40
Ui*L_
0,52 0,44 0.64
L"48
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THAN
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
Bi xac frpng sd cho timg thanh phan rimg trong bang ma trto, da lap bang phan tich vai trd cua
Bang 7 . 1 ^ quan trong ciia cac th^nh phan cua h^ sinh thai rimg
chung trong he sinh thai rimg, ket qua dugc ghi trong bang 7.
Cac thanh phdn mdi truong chu yeu Ngudn nude Cac loai thu Cac loai chim Cac loai ea Cay rau Cay duoc Udu
Kha nang phue hdi thap
5 10 6 3 3 8
Vai trd trong he sinh thai rimg
3 10 4 2 4 4
Vai trd hap ddn du lich
7 7 5 8 10 8
Tdng 15 27 15 13 17 20
Trong sd 0,56 1,00 0,56 0,48 0,63 0,74 Can cii vag ket qua xic dinh nhung boat ddng
du Iich quan trgng, nhirng thanh phin mdi trudng quan frpng va trgng sd ciia timg hoat dgng cung nhu timg thanh phan da xay dung dugc bang ma fr^ su dung cho danh gia tac ddng moi trudng cua du Iich ddn he sinh thai rimg. Tidp theo, da phan tich va cho diem vd miic tae dpng ciia timg hoat dpng cua du
Bang 8. Ma trSn tac dQng ciia ckc hoat dpng du lich ddn hd sinh thdi rimg
lieh den timg thanh phin eua he sinh thai rimg. Sau dd nhan mirc tic dgng vdi eac trong sd de dupe miic tac ddng da hieu ehinh, rdi cpng theo hang ngang va cot dpc, ket qua the hien trong bang ma fran tac dong ciia eac boat ddng du Iich den he sinh thai rimgC
^ — ^ ^ Hoat ddni Thanh phan cua he
sinh thai rimg Nude Cac loai thu Cac loai chim Cac loai ca Cay rau Cay dugc heu
I du Uch Trgng
sd 0,56 1,00 0,56 0,48 0,63 0,74 Tdng
Luu tni 0,4 2,24 0,40 0,22 0,19 0,25 0,30 3,60
An udng
1,0 4,48 10,00 0,56 3,36 5,04 0,74 24,18
Mua sdm 0,52 0,29 5,20 1,46 1,25 1,97 1,92 12,08
Vui ehoi 0,44 0,25 0,88 0,25 2,11 0,28 0,33 4,09
Tham quan 0,64 0,36 6,40 0,72 0,92 1,21 1,42 11,03
Le hdi 0,48 1,08 1,92 1,34 0,46 1,51 3,55 9,86
Tdng
8,69 24,80 4,55 8,29 10,26 8,26 64,85 Phan tieh sd lieu trong bang 8 cho thiy:
+ Hoat dgng du lich ed tae dong ro ret den hd sinh thii rimg. Tdng diem tinh theo timg boat ddng du lich ciing nhu theo timg thanh phin moi trudng ddu cao.
+ Hoat dgng du hch cd tac dgng manh nhat ddn rimg la boat ddng an udng, tdng diem tie dong ctia nd gip 2 Ian tdng didm tae ddng eua eae hoat ddng khic. Sau dd den boat dpng mua sim cic san pham tii rimg, tiiam quan thudng ngoan va hoat dpng Id hdi, diem tac dgng bang nira tac dgng cua boat ddng an udng nhung idn hon gap hai nhtrng hoat dpng con Iai.
+ Thanh phin rimg bi tac ddng manh nhat tir du Hch la cac Ioai thu rung, miic bi tac ddng eua chung gap hon hai Ian nhung thanh phan cdn Iai. Sau dd den cae ioai rau rimg, cay dupe Hdu, eae Ioai ca va ngudn nude.
3.3. Nhiing giai phip giam thi^u tic ddng cua du lich ddn cic hd sinh tiiii rimg
3.3.1. Tang cuong quin ly cae dich vu an udng va mua sim tiong khu du hch
Sd Heu phan ticb d fr-en cho thay dieh vu an udng cd nguy co tic ddng manh nhat den he smh thai rimg, didm tac ddng cua nd cao hon diem tac ddng eua cae boat ddng cdn lai it nhat 2 Iin. Hoat NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2-THANG 1/2020 109
KHOA HOC CONG N G H l dpng an udng anh budng den he sinh thii rimg chu
yeu do sic dung cac thanb phin rimg Iam tiiue pham nhu thli rimg, cac Ioai rau rimg va cac loai ca. Ngoai ra, hoat dong an udng eung tao ra nude thai lam anh hudng den hg sinh thai rimg.
Vl vay, cin tang eudng quan ly cac dich vu an udng dam bao khong su dung nhiing loai dgng vat quy hidm lim tiiirc pham eung cip a nha hang, khdng sii dung qua miie pbuc hdi ciia cac san pham tii rimg, trong dd cd rau rimg, tbii rimg va eae Ioai ca. Vige quan Iy nhiing dieh vu an udng cung phai dam bao cae nha hang ap dung nhung bien phap xir Iy nude thai va thu gom rac thai den noi quy dinb.
Hoat dpng mua sam cting anh hudng ro den nhieu thanh phin cua rimg, nbung the hien ro nhit la anh hudng den dong vat rimg thong qua viec mua cae ddng vat lam canh, phdng sinb va lam thuc pham. Mm qua tang v.v... Can quan ly cac boat dpng eung ling va mua ban dgng vat qua miie phue hdi ciia he sinh thai rimg.
3.3.2. Tang cuong giao due cbo du khach tham gia vao boat dpng tham quan thuong ngoan:
Hoat ddng tham quan thudng ngoan cd anh budng ro rdt den he sinh thai ning. Diem tic dong cua boat dpng tham quan thudng ngoan rimg cao gip 2 - 3 lan diem eua nhting hoat dpng ed inh hudng it nbat. Tham gia vio boat dgng tham quan tbudng ngoan du khach ed the Iam quiy nhidu ddng vat, Iam nat eay cd, Iam re dat xung quanh gde, tham chi be la, trde vd eac cay dae htiu quy hidm v.v... Vi vay, vdi du khich tham gia boat dgng tham quan thudng ngoan cin dug-c gidi thigu tai trung tam ddn khach ve gia fri cua cac loai dac hiiu quy hiem, vd ky nang tham quan thudng ngoan tac ddng thap tdi eae ddi tupng tham quan va he sinh thai rimg ndi ehung.
3.3.3. Ban hanb va ap dung nbiing tiiu chuan moi trudng ddi vdi boat dpng du licb d cac be smb thai ning.
Du lieh b cac hg sinh thai rimg cd anh hudng ro ret den eae thanh phin cua rimg. Nbiing tbanh phin bi tac ddng manh gdm cac ioai thii, cac Ioai ea va nhimg loai eay rau, cay dupe Heu va ngudn nude quanh khu du Heh. Hoat dpng du lieh ein duoc giam sat frong miic do, hay tieu ehuan khong lam suy thoai eae thanh phan ciia hg sinh thai rimg. Trong dd cd nhirng freu chuan ve sd luong va chat luong
nude thai, san lupng tdi da dupe phep Uiai tha loai ddng vi thuc vat rimg, sd ngudi tdi u tham quan thudng ngoan cimg liic fren mot didn tich rimg, sd ngudi tdi da duoc tiiSm quan thudng ngoan mgt ngay noi ed thuc vat dac hiru, q hiem, tieu chuan ve dudng di dam bio an toan xung quanh eac ddi tirgng duge tiiam quan thudng ngoan v.v...
3.3.4. Ban banh va ap dung nbiing nguydn tac chi dao boat dpng du licb & cac be sinb tiiai rung:
Mpt frong nhting nguygn nhan gia tang anh huong tigu cue cua boat ddng du Heh den cac he smb thai rimg la tiiieu nguyen tic chi dao boat dong du Heh b cae he sinh thai rimg. Ket qua khao sat^d cae kbu du Heh frong rimg cua Ha Npi cho tiiay phan lon cae eo so- chua xay dung va ban hanh dugc bg thdng cae nguyen tic chi dao de quan Iy boat ddng du licb. Day la eong cu rit biiu hieu dd giam thidu tac dgng cua du Hch den cae khu rimg. Cac nguyen tic chi dao giiip nang cao nhan thiic, kien tinic va frach nhiem ciia eac bgn Hgn quan tii nhting cap chinh quydn, nhiing ngudi quan ly du lich, ehu rimg, ngudi kinh doanh du Iich va du khach frong boat dong du Hch, lam cho du lieh a cac khu rimg ning trd tbanh du lich sinh thai, du lieh than thidn vdi rimg va cd trach nhiem vdi cgng ddng dia phuong.
3.3.5. Ban hanh quy che quan lydu licb dcachi sinh thai rung phong bd va dac dung Ha Ndi.
Quy che quan Iy du Iich d cac bd smh thai rimg la cdng cu quan frpng nhim giam thieu tic ddng tieu cue eua du lich va nang cao hieu qua cua nd cho bao tdn rimg vi phat tiien kinh te xa hoi cua dia phuong.
can eii vao quy che quan Iy cic boat ddng du lich sinh tiiai tai cae vudn qude gia, khu bao tdn thien nbien ciia Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT va ket qua ngbien ciiu ve tac dpng moi trudng ciia du Heh ddn hg sinh thai rimg d dia ban thanh phd Ha Ngi da de xuit quy che quan ly cac boat dong du lieh tgi cic hd sinh thai rimg a dia ban thanh phd Ha Ngi. Quy chd nay bd sung mpt sd diem so vdi quy che ehung cua Bo Ndng nghiep va PTNT nhu sau:
+ Vg pham vi didu ehinh cua quy che; Ngoii cic vudn qudc gia, quy che cdn duge ap dung voi ning phdng hg va dae dung khac. Day la ddi frjong cd dien tich Idn va vai ti-d quan frgng frong phat fridn du Iich eua Thii do.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THAI ^20
KHOA HOC CONG N G H l
+ Ve giai tiuch tii ngu: Trong quy chd quan Iy du lich b cae hd smh fliii rung cr dia ban thanh phd Ha Ndi bd sung them 14 tiiuat ngft can giai tiiich dd ngudi doc hidu dugc cic dieu khoan bd sung eua quy che quan ly du hch tai cae khu rimg d- dia ban thanh phd Ha Ndi.
+ Vd ehia se Igi ich tu du Iich; bd sung chl tieu ddng gdp cua du lich cho boat ddng bao ve rimg.
+ Ve nhirng boat ddng bi cam: Bd sung them mdt didu khoan cam khdng lam mat eau tnic ben viing ciia cae khu rimg vdi nhting tieu chuan cu thd.
Ddng thdi cung bd sung khoan muc cam cae hoat ddng gay rui ro lam ehay rimg, chet cay rimg.
+ Ve quy hoach du lich d cae he sinh thii riing:
Bd sung dieu 6A vd quy hoaeh du lich d' cac he sinh tiiai rimg nhu mot boat dpng bit budc dd phat tridn du lich d eac he sinh thai rimg.
+ Ve frach nhiem cua cac ben lign quan: Bo sung them trach nhiem cua cac ban quan ly rimg la xay dimg bd nguydn tic chi dao boat dgng du lieh va dam bao eac ddi tupng tham gia hoat dpng du lieh ddu dupe tiep can vdi nhiing nguygn tic chi dao hpat ddng du lich cd Hdn quan. Bd sung them trach nbiem cua du khach la phai tim hieu nhiing nguyen tic chi dao boat ddng du lich ddi vdi du khich khi tbam gia du lich trong rimg.
+ Ve trach nhiem giam sat boat dpng du lich: bd sung didu 14 vd trach nhiem cua cac ban quan Iy ning frong viec giam sat cac hoat dong du Hch.
4 . KET LUAN
Hoat dgng du Hch d cac khu rimg b dia ban thanh phd Ha Ndi dang phat trien manh me, lugng du khach ddn vdi ning hien tai khoang 5,2 tridu ngudi mpt nam va khdng ngimg tang Ign vdi miie trung binh 5 - 6% mpt nam. Du lich d' eac khu rimg fren dia ban thanh phd Ha Noi da gdp phin dip iing nhu ciu cua ngudi dan Thu dd vi dang trd thinh ngudn luc eho phat tiien kinh te xa hdi, nhung nd cting dang tic dong manh me toi tai nguyen rimg.
Cd 12 hoat ddng du licb chu ydu d cac he sinh thii rimg, frong dd ed 6 hoat dgng anh hudng nhieu nhit ddn cac hd smh thai rung, gom: luu trti, an udng, 11 hgi, vui ehoi giat hi, mua sim, tham quan thudng ngoan. Cd 6 thanh phin mdi trudng bi tie dong manh bdi boat dgng du lich, dd li ngudn nude, cae loii tini, cae loai chim, cac loai c i sudi, cic cay rau, cay dugc lieu.
Hgat ddng du lieh ed tie ddng manh nhit den rimg la boat dong an udng, tdng diem tie dpng cua nd gap 2 Iin tdng diem tae dgng eua cic boat ddng khac. Sau dd den boat ddng mua sim cac san pham tii rimg, tham quan thudng nggan vi boat dpng Id hpi.
Thanh phan rimg hi tac dpng manb nbat Oi du Hch la cac loai thu rimg, miie bi tac dpng cua chung gap hon hai Iin nhting thinh pban cdn Iai. Sau dd den cae loii rau ning, eay duge Heu, cac loai ca va ngudn nude.
Nhiing giai phip giam thieu tac ddng cua du lich den cae thanh phin cua hd sinh thai rimg gdm:
(1) tang eudng quan ly cac dich vu an udng vi mua sim trong khu du lich, (2) tang eudng giao due cho du khach tham gia vao boat dgng tbam quan thudng ngoan, (3) ban hanh va ap dung nbiing tigu chuin mdi trudng ddi vdi hoat ddng du lich d- cae he sinh thai rimg, (4) ban hanh va ap dung nhung nguyen tic chi dao hoat ddng du lich b cac he sinh thai ning, (5) ban hinh quy che quin ly du Iich a eac he sinh thai rimg.
LOI CAM ON
Bai viit cd kd thm mdt phan sd lieu cda de tai
"Nghien ciiu anh budng cua hoat ddng du licb den cac hi sinb thai ning tren dia ban thanb phd HA Ndi"
do Uy ban Nhan dan tbanh pbd Ha Npi bd tra tbuc bien.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Bg Ndng nghiep va PTNT, 2007. Quydt dinh 104/2007/QD-BNN, Quy che quan Iy eae boat ddng du Iich smb thai tai cac cic khu rimg, khu bao tdn tiijdn nhien. Ha Npi. 2007.
2. Bp Tai nguyen va Mpi tiardng, 2009. Tieu chuan Qudc gia TCVN 7796: 2009, tieu ehuan bai cim trai du lich. H i Ndi 2009.
3. Chinh pbu, 2010. Nghi dmh sd 117/2010/ND-CP, td chu'c va quan Iy he tiidng rimg dae dung. Ha Ngi. 2010.
4. Huydn Sdc Son, 2016. Ke hoach tiiuc hien de an diy manh phat tiien du Iich, dich vu du lich huygn Sdc Son giai doan 2016-2020.
5. Qudc hpi, 2017. Luat Du Iich. Ha Noi.
6. VQG Ba Vi, 2016. Dd an phat frien ben virng du heh smh thai VQG Ba Vi giai doan 2016-2020.
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KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ^ , , , , , « ^ ^ = phd den nam 2020, dinh budng den nam 2030. Ha ^- ^^ND thanh pho Ha Npi, 2013 Quy^J '"
N5j sd 690/QD-lIBND "Quy hoach bao ton va pna^ "^
ben vimg kbu rimg dae dung Huong Son dgn n 2020".
SOME SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HANOI FOREST ECOSYSTEMS Tran Thi Trang, Vuong Van Quynh, Vuong TW Ha Summary
The article focus on tbe development situation of tounsm in forest areas of ihe city, its impacts on tne components of forest ecosystems, and solutions to mimmize them. There are 6 tourism activiUes tria clearly affect the forest, including accommodation, eating, festivals, entertainment, shopping, sightseeing and sightseeing. There are 6 components of the forest heavily affected by tounsm, including: water resources, mammals, birds, stream fish, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Key measures to minimize the impact of tounsm on forests include: (1) strengthenmg management of food and shopping services m the tourism areas, (2) enhancing education for visitors participaUng m sightseeing acUvities, (3) promulgating and applying environmental standards for tounsm activiUes in forest ecosystems, (4) promulgating and applying pnncipies directing tourism activities m forest ecosystems, (5) issue tourism management regulations in forest ecosystems.
Keywords: Tourism in forest ecosystems, ecotourism, tounsm management, principles directing tounsm activities, tourism management solutions.
Ngudi p h ^ bi$n: PGS.TS. Trin Quang Bao Ngaynhanbai: 8/11/2019
Ngay thdng qua phan bien: 10/12/2019 Ngay duy$t dang: 17/12/2019
112 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - TH ^JO
