HINH THtrc TO CHtTC LANH T H 6 DU LICH TINH THAI NGUYEN THEO
H U 6 N G B £ N VUNGPHI HUNG CUONG*
NGUYEN LAN ANH Dat van de
Trong vide nghidn ciu du lich, td chic lanh thd theo hudng phdt triln bin vttng la mdt trong nhttng vdn dl dupc quan tdm hang ddu, bdi vi khdng thi td chic quan ly cd hidu qua boat ddng nay nlu khdng xem xet khfa canh khdng gian (lanh thd) cua nd. Thai Nguyen la tinh trung du miln nii thudc tilu vung du Ijch miln nii Ddng Bdc cia ving du ljch Bdc Bd.
Ndm each khdng xa trung tdm trung chuyin khach ldn nhd't miln Bdc - Thu dd Ha Ndi, vdi tai nguydn du Ijch da dang Thai Nguyen cd thi trd thanh mdt trong nhflng dilm din Iy tudng cua du khdch.
1. Quan niem ve to chic lanh tho du lich va he thdng ldnh thd du Uch
1.1. Quan niim veto chdc ldnh tho du lich Td chic lanh thd mang tinh chat ljch su, nd cd thi dupc thay ddi, bd sung cho phi hpp vdi trinh dd phdt triln cua nln kinh t l trong ting thdi ky d mdi vung khac nhau. Nhidm vu cua nd la tim kilm mdt ty Id va quan he hpp Iy nhdm tao ra gia trj mdi dua tren cac mdi lien kit va sy sdp xlp cd trdt ty va hai hda gitta cac don vi lanh thd khac nhau ttong cung mdt tinh, mdt vung va ca nudc. Trong dilu kidn kinh t l thj trudng va he thdng kinh t l md, td chic lanh thd s i dung hpp Iy cac ngudn lyc va Ipi thi so sdnh (tai nguyen du Ijch, ngudn nhdn l y c . ) dl ddy nhanh tdng trudng kinh t l giai quylt td't cdc vd'n dl xa hdi dam bao phat triln bin vflng.
Td chic lanh thd du ljch dupc hieu la mdt he thdng lidn kit khdng gian ciia cac ddi tupng du Ijch va cac co sd phuc vu cd lidn quan, dua tren viec su dung td'i uu cac ngudn tai nguydn du Ijch (ty nhien, nhdn van), kit cd'u ha tdng va cdc nhdn td khac nhdm dat
hidu qua cao nhdt. Trong sd nhiing hinh thic td chic lanh thd du ljch dang chu y hon ca la he thdng lanh thd du ljch vd vung du ljch.
1.2. Hi thdng ldnh thd du lich
He thdng lanh thd du ljch nhu la mdt thanh tao toan ven cac boat ddng vl lanh thd, cd sy lya chpn cac chic ndng xa hdi nhd't djnh. Mdt trong nhttng chic ndng quan trpng dupc lua chpn hdi phuc va tdi san xudt sic khde, kha ndng lao ddng, the lyc va tinh thdn cua con ngudi. Vi vdy, hd thdng lanh thd du ljch dupc coi la dja hd thdng xa hdi va nd dupc tao thanh bdi nhilu ydu td cd quan he tuong tac vdi nhau nhu: nhdm ngudi du Ijch, cac tdng the ty nhidn, van hda - Ijch si, cac cdng trinh ky thudt, dpi ngfl can bd nhdn vidn va bd phdn td chic djch vu va quan Iy. Net ddc trung quan trpng cua he thdng lanh thd du ljch la tfnh hoan chinh vl chic ndng lanh thd.
VI phuong didn cd'u true, hd thdng lanh thd du ljch la mdt he thdng gdm nhilu thanh phdn cd mdi Udn he chat che vdi nhau. Cd thi coi la mdt dilu kidn va cac nhdn td du Ijch trong sy thdng nhdt lanh thd cua chung, la mdt hd thdng md phic tap gdm cd'u true bdn trong va cd'u true bdn ngoai. Cd'u trie bdn trong gdm cac nhdn td boat dpng vdi sy tac ddng qua Iai ldn nhau, cd'u ttuc bdn ngoai gdm cdc mdi lidn he vdi dieu kidn phat sinh vdi he thdng khac (ty nhidn, kinh te, xa hpi). Ddy la mdt dang dac bidt cua dja hd mang tinh chdt hdn hpp, nghTa la cd du cac thanh phdn: ty nhidn, xa hdi va chiu sy chi phdi cua nhilu quy ludt co ban.
* Phi Hiing Cudng. TS. Trudng Cao dang Cpng dong Bdc Kan.
Nguyen Lan Anh. ThS. Trudng Cao dang Du lich Ha Noi.
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Phi Hung Cudng, Nguyen Lan Anh - Hinh thdc t6 chdc lanh thi du lich ...
Xet trdn phucmg didn he thdng thi he thdng lanh thd dupc cdu thanh bdi nhilu phan he khdc nhau: khdch du ljch, tdng thi ty nhien, van hda - ljch s i . cdng trinh ky thudt, can bd phuc vu va bd phdn dilu khiln.
1.3. Vung du lich
Theo Pirojinik (1985) thi "vung du lich la hd thdng lanh thd kinh t l xa hdi, mdt tdp hpp cac hd thdng lanh thd du ljch thudc mpi cdp cd lidn he vdi nhau va cac xf nghiep co sd ha tdng dam bao cho boat ddng cua he thdng lanh thd du ljch vdi vide cd chuydn mdn hda va cac dilu kidn KTXH dl phat triln du ljch"
Xet trdn phuong didn hd thdng thi vung du ljch nhu la mdt tdp hpp hd thdng lanh thd dupc tao ndn bdi hai ylu td cd quan he mdt thilt vdi nhau. He thdng lanh thd du ljch va khdng gian kinh t l - xa hdi xung quanh nham dam bao cho ca hd thdng boat ddng hidu qua.
Nhu vdy, vung du Ijch dupc tao ndn bdi he thdng lanh thd du ljch. Hai khai nidm nay cd sy gdn gui ddng thdi lai cd su khdc bidt co ban. Sy khdc bidt d chd hd thdng lanh thd du ljch la hat nhdn cua vung du ljch, hat nhan nay tao dilu kidn cho sy xud't hidn va phat triln cua vung trong mdi trudng xung quanh.
Cac ylu td cua mdi trudng nudi dudng hat nhdn, giip nd boat ddng va cung vdi ban thdn hat nhdn tao thanh vung du ljch. Nhu vay, he thdng lanh thd du ljch khdng bao gdm toan bd lanh thd vung. Vung du ljch cd khdng gian rdng Idn hon trong dd bao gdm ca cdc khu vuc san xud't hang hda, vdt lieu ndng Iupng, cd ddi ngfl can bd thdng tin, kho tang, cdng trinh cdng cdng...
2. Cac hinh thic td chic lanh thd du ljch tinh Thai Nguyen
Vdi didn tfch ty nhidn 3541 km^ gdm 9 don vi hdnh chfnh (1 thanh phd, 1 Thj xa va 7 Huydn), Tinh Iy la thanh phd Thdi Nguydn, tinh Thai Nguydn cd cdc hinh thic td chic lanh thd du ljch sau:
2.1. Diem du lich
La cd'p thd'p nhd't trong hd thdng phdn vi ttdn pham vi toan qud'c va ddng thdi cung la cd'p CO sd trong pham vi mdt tinh. Ddi vdi Thdi Nguydn cd thi chia thanh cac nhdm
chfnh: nhdm dilm du ljch cd y nghTa qud'c gia va nhdm dilm cd y nghTa vung va nhdm dilm cd y nghTa dia phuong.
Thai Nguydn da va dang khai thac nhiing dilm du ljch sau: Hd Nui Cdc, ATK Dinh Hda, Bao tang Van hda cac dan tdc Vidt Nam, chua Hang, chua Phi Liln, di tich Khudn Manh, Hang Phupng Hoang - Sudi Md Ga, di tich lich s i xa Tidn Phong, Di tfch ljch s i (DTLS) cang Ba Vdn, din Lyc Giap, DTLS khdi nghTa Thai Nguydn, khu Gang Thep Thai Nguydn...
Dya vao each danh gia va tdng hpp. Thai Nguydn cd nhttng dilm du lich phdn chia theo cac cdp sau:
Dilm du Ijch cd y nghTa qud'c gia: 2 dilm du lich (ATK Djnh Hda, Bao tang van hda cac ddn tdc Vidt Nam)
- Dilm du ljch cd y nghTa vung: 15 dilm du ljch
- Dilm du lich cd y nghTa dja phuang: 28 dilm du ljch
2.2. Ctim du lich
Tai nguyen du ljch Thdi Nguyen phan bd rdng khdp. Tuy nhidn, tren pham vi lanh thd cua tinh cung hinh thanh cdc khu vyc tdp trung nhilu loai tai nguyen, tren co sd dd cd thi hinh thanh mdt sd cum du ljch.
Cum du ljch la noi tdp trung nhilu Ioai tai nguydn vdi tdp hpp cac dilm du Uch trdn mdt lanh thd, trong dd hat nhdn cua nd la mdt vai dilm du ljch cd sic thu hut khdch cao.
Vide hinh thanh va phat triln cum du ljch la rdt cdn thilt, dilu nay se tdn dung dupc he thdng CO sd ha tdng, co sd vat chdt ky thuat du ljch sdn cd, gdp phdn tao ra cac san phdm du lich dac sdc. Dya vao khdng gian va tai nguyen du lich, he thdng co sd vdt chdt ky thudt du ljch. Thai Nguydn chia ra lam cdc cum du Ijch sau:
* Cum du Ijch trung tdm Thanh phd Thai Nguydn: Vdi cac dilm tham quan chinh la Bao tang Van hod cdc ddn tdc Viet Nam, Vudn hoa Sdng Cdu, Dai tudng niem ghi
Nghiin cdu Phit trien bin vitng. si 2 (35) - Thing 6/2012
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Phi Hung Cudng, NguySn Lan Anh - Hinh thUc tochUc lanh thidu lich cdng cac Udt sy, Din thd Ddi Cdn, Chua Phi
Liln va Bao tang lyc lupng vu trang Quan khu L Chp Thai.
* Cum du ljch Hd Nui Cdc va phu can:
Gdm khu du lich Trung tdm Hd Nui Cdc thudc Cdng ty Co phdn Khach san Du ljch Cdng doan Hd nii Cdc, ben canh dd cdn cd lang nghl truyin thdng che Tdn Cuang, di tich xa La Bang - Dai Tu - noi thanh ldp co sd Dang cdng san ddu tidn cua Thai Nguyen, di tfch lich su nui Van - nii Vo, dilm du ljch sinh thai Cia Tu, Hd Vai Milu, thac La Bang thudc chdn day nui Tam Dao. Sau Nam du lich Qude gia 2007, Khu du lich Hd Nui Cdc dupc Chfnh phi quy hoach la Khu du ljch qud'c gia gdn vdi du lich Tam Dao.
* Cum du Ijch ATK (Djnh Hoa) gdm: Nha trung bay va Nha tudng nidm Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh, cac di tfch lich s i khac nhu: Phi Dinh, Dilm Mac, Bao Linh, Djnh Bien (Noi d va lam vide cua Dai tudng V6 Nguyen Giap), nha tu Chp Chu va cac thdng canh Chua Hang, Thac Khudn Tat...
* Cum du ljch Ddng Hy - V6 Nhai: Gdm cac thdng canh huydn Ddng Hy nhu ring Khudn Mdnh, Hang Phupng Hoang Sudi Md Ga, Khu khao cd hpc Than Sa, thac Ndm Rit...
2.3. Trung tdm du lich
Ddy la sy kit hpp lanh thd cac diem du ljch cung loai hay khdc loai, vdi mdt dd dilm du ljch tuong ddi day, cd co sd ha tdng va co sd vdt chd't ky thudt phuc vu cho boat ddng du lich phong phi cd sic thu hit khach du Ijch rd't ldn. Trung tdm du lich cd kha nang tao vung rd't cao la "eye" de thu hut cac lanh thd ldn cdn vao pham vi tac ddng cua minh.
Tinh Thai Nguydn cd trung tdm du ljch thanh phd Thai Nguydn (ddng thdi cung la trung tdm kinh t l chfnh trj xa hdi cua tinh). Thanh phd Thdi Nguydn khdng chi cd ngudn tai nguyen du Ijch hdp ddn vdi Bao tang vdn hda cac dan tpc Viet Nam (bao tang qude gia duy nhd't khdng thudc Ha Npi), din thd Ddi Cdn, chua Phu Lidn, DH Thai Nguydn, cdng vidn sdng Cdu, khu Gang thep Thai Nguydn...ma cdn cd he thdng ca sd vdt
chdt ky thudt du lich cung nhu ha tdng ca sd tuong ddi hoan thidn cd kha nang thu hit khach du lich ldn: cac khach san, nha hang cd chat lupng cua tinh dlu tdp trung d ddy (Da Huong, Ddng A, Dong Sdng Xanh, Asean, Hai Au...vdi cac nha hang ndi tilng nhu Hoa Biln, Biln Xanh...).
2.4. Tuyin du lich
Ndi Uln cac dilm vdi nhau tao thanh mdt tuyln du ljch theo lanh thd phi hpp va thudn lpi cho du khdch. Co sd cho vide xdc djnh tuyln du ljch la cdc dilm du ljch va mang ludi giao thdng van tai. Nhu vay, tuyln du Ijch gdn liln vdi cac tuyln dudng d td, dudng sdt, dudng thuy, dudng khdng. Cd thi chia thanh tuyln ndi vung va lien vung; ndi tinh va Udn tinh.
* Tuyln ndi tinh
Tinh Thdi Nguyen da xdy dyng va hinh thanh cac tuydn du lich ndi tinh t i trung tdm thanh phd Thai Nguydn ddn cac khu, dilm du lich va da dua vao phuc vu khach du ljch:
Tuyen du lieh Trung tdm Thdnh piid Thdi Nguyin vdi cdc dilm du ljch tidu bilu dpc theo dudng Cach mang thang tam, Hoang Van Thu, Luang Ngpc Quyln (Bao tang van hda cac dan tdc Vidt Nam, Bao tang lyc lupng vfl trang Qudn khu I, Din Ddi Cdn, dai tudng nidm ghi cdng cac lidt sy, chua Phu Lidn, khu lidn hpp nha may Gang thep Thai Nguydn, Chp Thai);
Tuyen du Uch Thdnh phd Thdi Nguyin Khu du lieh sinh thdi Ho Ndi Cdc vd vdng phu edn. Chilu dai tuyln: 20 km. Vdi cac diem du ljch tidu bieu:
-I- (3ac diem du lich d thanh phd Thai Nguydn;
-I- Khu du ljch sinh thai Hd Nui Cdc va phu can (di tich La Bdng, nui Van nui V6, hd Vai Milu);
Tuyen du lich Thanh phd Thai Nguyen Ldng nghe Bdnh Chung Bd Ddu Din Duom (Phu Luang) - ATK Dinh Hod. Chilu dai tuydn: 50 km;
Tuyi'n du lieh Thdnh phd Thdi Nguyen Chua Hang (Ddng Hy) Hang Phugng
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Nghien cdu Phit triin bin vihig, si 2 (35) - Thing 6/2012Phi Hung Cudng, NguySn Lan Anh - Hinh thUc tSchUc lanh thodu ljch ...
Hodng, Sudi Md Gd (Vd Nhai). Chilu dai tuyln: 30 km;
* Tuydn lidn tinh
T i cac tuydn ndi tinh, tinh Thdi Nguydn da xdy dyng, md rdng cac tour, tuyln dilm du ljch vdi cdc tinh Viet Bac va cac tinh trung du miln nui Bac Bd:
Tuyen du lieh Thdi Nguyin Hd Ba Be (Bde Kgn) Thdc Bdn Gidc (Cao Bdng).
Chilu dai tuyln: ban 300km;
Tuyi'n du lieh Thdi Nguyin - Khu di tieh lich sii Tdn Trdo Hd Na Hang (Tuyin Quang). Chilu dai tuyln: 80 km;
Tuydn du lieh Thdi Nguyin - Khu di tieh lieh sir Tdn Trdo Hd Na Hang (Tuyin Quang) - Cao nguyin Ddng Vdn (Hd Giang).
Chilu dai tuyln: 250km;
Tuyi'n du lich Thai Nguyin Lgiig San. Chilu dai tuyln: 150 km;
-I- Dilm du ljch Thai Nguydn: Hd Nui Cdc, ATK Djnh Hda, Bao tang vdn hda cac ddn tdc Vidt Nam, chua Hang, hang Phupng Hoang - sudi Md Ga...
+ Dilm du ljch Lang Son: Ddng Tam Thanh, Nhj Thanh, hdn Vpng Phu, Chg Ddng Kinh, ai Chi lang...
Tuyi'n du lieh Thdi Nguyin Tam Ddo (VTnh Phuc) - Din Hung (Phu Thg). Chilu dai tuyln: 100 km;
Tuyi'n du lich Hd Ndi - Lgng San - Tuyin Quang - Cao Bdng - Thai Nguyin - Hd Ndi;
Tuyi'n du lich Hd Ndi - ATK Dinh Hda - Cdy da Tdn Trdo - Hd Niii Cdc - Hd Ndi.
Ket luan
Hoat ddng du Uch Thdi Nguyen chi thdt su phdt triln manh ttong nhimg nam gdn ddy.
Vide hinh thanh cac hinh thic td chic laiih thd du ljch: dilm du ljch ndi tie'ng, cum du ljch va tuyln du ljch cua tinh la cdn thilt. Day la CO hdi dl tinh Thai Nguydn quy hoach va dua ra nhCtag bien phap hieu qua nhdm thuc ddy nganh du ljch cia tinh Thai Nguyen phat triln mdt each bin vflng./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bdo cao thuc hien quy liogch tong the phdt trien du lich Thdi Nguyen 2005 - 2010, Sd Van hda
Thi thao - Du lich Thai Nguyen, 2010.
2. Cdng ty van hda tti tue Viet, "Thdi Nguyen - di tich danh thdng vd trien vgng tuang lai", Nxb Van hda thdng tin, 2006.
3. Chu Vift Luan, 'Thai Nguyen The vd luc mdi trong tlie'ky XXI", Nxb Chfnh tri qude gia, 2005.
4. "Quy hoach phdt trien tong the Du lich Thai Nguyen giai dogn 2006- 2010. dinh hudng den ndm 2015 vd tdm nhin chien lupc den ndm 2020 " Sd Van hda - Thi thao - Du lich Thai Nguyen.
6. Nguyin Minh Tue (chi bien), Dja ly Du lich Viet Nam, Nxb Giao Due, 2010.
7. Tuyln tap bai vift Hdi thao "Du lich Thdi Nguyen - Tiem ndng vd plidt trien, Tdng cue Du ljch Viet Nam, 2006.
Nghiin aiu Phit triin bin vihig. si 2 (35) - Thing 6/2012
