KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU BlTCIfC DAU VE
T H A N HPHAN LOAI BO XIT HAI VA LOfI TREN M Q T SO CAY TRONG TAI VUNG DEM
Vir^N QUOC GIA TAM DAO (ME LINH, VINH PHUC)*
Vu Quang Con, Tru-oTig Xuan Lam
;•:> -• Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt
Cac loai bp xit thupc bp Heteroptera da dugc biet den la nhom cac loai con trung c6 y nghia kinh te rat quan trpng. Rat nhieu loai thupc cac hp nhu: Hp bp xit nam canh Pentatomidae, hp bp xit diii to Coreidae, hp bp xit mii Miridae, hp bp xit an sau Reduviidae, hp bp xit gia an sau Nabidae... da dugc biet den va dugc nhieu tac gia nghien ciin. Mpt so loai da dugc xep vao danh sach cac loai sau hai nguy hiem nhung ciing CO nhieu loai la con trung an, thit co vai tro quan trpng tren nhieu canh dong (Distant, 1904, 1910; Miller, 1956; China va Miller, 1959; Li Yongxi va ctv., 1988;
Masaaki Tomokumi va ctv., 1993; Livingstone & Murugan; Thien dich con tning do pha, 1978; Masaaki Tomokumi, 1993).
C Viet Nam viec nghien ciin cac loai bp xit da dugc de cap trong nhieu nam qua nhung mai a miic dp len danh sach loai va chu yeu a cac tinh mien Bac (Ket qua dieu tra con trimg 1967 - 1968; Vien Bao ve thuc vat, 1977; Ket qua dieu tra co ban dpng vat mi8n Bic Viet Nam, 1981; Pham Van Lim, 1997; Vien Bao ve thuc vat, 1999). Mot so tac gia di sau nghien ciiu ve loai bp xit dai Leptocorisa acuta Thunb, tren mpt so cay trong (Dang Diic Khuong, 1980, 1995, 1999), loai bp xit hoa an thit Eocanthecona furcellata (Pham Van Lam, 1992; Vu Quang Con, Pham Hihi Nhugng, Nguyen Thi Hai,
1994), bp xit nau vien trang an thit A. spinidens (Truong Xuan Lam, 2000).
Nham gop phan nghien ciiu co he thong ve thanh phan cac loai bp xit tren cac cay trong, dong thai nhan biet va xac dinh dugc cac Ioai gay hai chii yeu, cac loai bp xit an thit pho bien, gop phan trong viec phong chong cac loai bp xit hai, Igi dung va bao ve cac loai bp xit an thit dam bao sir can bang sinh thai, bao ve moi truong. Chiing toi da tien hanh buac dau nghien ciiu nhom bp xit hai va Igi tren mpt so cay trong tai vung dem Vuon Quoc gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - VTnh Phiic). Ket qua nghien ciin dugc sir ho trg ciia chuang trinh nghien cuu co ban nam 2002. * .
DIA DIEM, THOa GIAN VA PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Dia diem nghien ciiu la viing dem ciia Vuon Quoc gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - VTnh Phiic).
Thai gian nghien cuu tu thing 1/2000 den thang 12/2001.
Da dugc dang trong Bao cao khoa hgc, Hgi nghj Con trimg hgc toan qu6c (ISn thir 4) 4 - 2002, tr. 115 -121.
Phuong phap dugc sii dung nghien ciiu la nhiing phuong phap thong dung trong viec dihu tra con trung nhu/ Phuong phap dilu tra ca ban dich hai nong nghiep va thien dich ciia chiing, giao trinh phuong phap thi nghiem ngoai dong rupng, phuong phap dieu tra phat hien va du tinh du bao, quy trinh va ky thuat suu tim, xii ly va bao quan con tning va cac phucmg phap thuong quy khac.
DS xac dinh thanh phin loai ciia nhom bp xit an thit chiing toi sii dung vgt con tning 0 = 35cm, thu toan bp cac loai bp xit an thit bit gap tren cac cay trong a cac diem da chpn va o cac khu vuc lan can. Miu bp xit an thit thu dugc mpt phin dugc luu giir trong cac dem bong hoac trong c6n 70°C, mpt phin dugc theo doi s6ng trong phong thi nghiem; TiSn hanh ghi nhan tieu chuin cho tung mau thu dugc theo quy dinh chung cua
phan loai hpc. . _ ...-j Tien hanh quan sat va theo doi ngoai tu nhien dh xac dinh vat moi cua chiing va
nhiing tap tinh sinh hpc, sinh thai ciia cac loai bp xit an thit pho bien nham dua ra cac phuang phap thich hgp khi nuoi chiing trong phong thi nghiem. Cac miu vat thu dugc len tieu ban va dinh ten theo cac tai lieu ciia cac tac gia: Distant (1904, 1910); China &
Miller (1959); Tomohide Yasunaga (1993); Livingstone & Murugan (1995) va mpt s6 tai lieu khac.
Tinh toan va xu ly so lieu theo phuang phap thong ke sinh hpc vdi P < 0,05 (NguySn Dinh Khoa, 1975; Vo Hung, 1983) bing phin m8n tinh toan trong Windows.
KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN
Vi tri so lirong cua mot so h? bo xit pho bien tai diem nghien cmi !
1/3
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Coriedae Pentatomidae Reduviidae Miridae Cac lie khSc
Hinh 1. Vi tri sd luong cua mot sd ho bo xit tgi viing dem Vudn Qudc gia Tam Bao
Trong qua trinh diiu tra tir thang 1 den thang 12 tren mpt so cay trong nhu: Cay vai, nhan, buoi, cay hp dau, cay liia, cay che... tai viing dem Vuon Qu6c gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - VTnh Phiic) chiing toi nhan thay: Trong tap hgp so lugng ca the ciia cac loai bp xit thu dugc thi tap hgp so lugng ca the cua hp bp xit mep Coreidae chiem ty le cao nhat (chiem 31,15%), tilp theo la s6 lugng ca the cua hp cac loai bp xit 5 canh Pentatomidae-^
(chiim 24,85%), hp bp xit an sau Reduviidae (chiem 20%), hp bp xit mil Miridae (chiem 12,25%)), cac hp bp xit con lai bao gom hp gia an sau Nabidae, hp bp xit dai Lygaidae va mpt s6 hp khac (chiem 11,75%i) (hinh 1). • .
Dilu nay cho thiy, tai diem nghien ciiu, so lugng ca the ciia cac loai bp xit (Heteroptera) tren mpt s6 cay trong chii yeu tap trung vao 4 hp pho bien (Coreidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae va Miridae) va day la cac hp bp xit co vai tro quan trpng tren caccaytrong. ; .. ,, •' : ;' •
Thanh phan cacloai bo xft thu du-ffc tai diem nghien ciru
Thanh phan cdc loai bp xit cd hai thu duoc tai diem ngliien ciru , , , ,;
Bang 1. Thanh phan cac loai bo xit hai thu du'O'c tai vimg deni Vu-on Quoc gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - Vinh Phiic)
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12 13 14
Ten khoa hgc
\. Hg Coreidae
Acathocoris scabrator Fabr.
Cletus punctiger Doll C. trigonus Thunb Leptoconsa acuta Thunb L. varicomis Farbrius Riptortus lineraris (Farb.) R. par/us Hsiao t/lictis gallina Dal!
Mictis tenebrosa Farb. • Daladerditanti B\oie II. Hg Miridae Lygus lucorum Meyer III. Hg Pentatomidae Cinxinia limbata Fabr.
Eusarcohs guttiger Thunb E. ventralis West.
No"! thu m l u Mgt s 6
cay t r 6 n g
*
* -
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Cay b g i v a cay r i f n g
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
TSn suat b5tgap(%)
25 58 13 85 13 50 ,.
, 13 50 13 25
38
25
• 25 13
Mu-c dg pho bien
+ ++
+ +++
+ ++
+ .++
+
'• +
+ .
+ + +
15 ' 16 17 18 19 ..
. 2 0 , ;
:2i 2 2 , '23 :
24 25
26
Menida histro Farb.
Nezara viridula Um.
' Chriyocoris grandis Thunb Plautia fimbriata Fabr.
Tessaratoma papillosa Drury Tolumnia latipes Dall.
IV. Hg Plataspldae
iCoptosorna subaeneusVJestr ,-C; cribrariUm Farb., ^
C. cey/on/cum Dohrn V. Hg Pyrrhocoridae Dindymus cingulatus Fabrius Dindymus sp.
VL Hg Scutelleridae
Eurygaster testudinaria (Geoff.)
*•
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* ^
*
*
*
*
13 75 13 13 70 .13
, 25 i 13
13
25 13
25
+ +++
+ + +++
• +
+ + +
+ +
+ Ghi chu: +: GSp it (1% < f < 50%); ++: G^ptuong doi (50% < f < 75%); +-H-: Gap nhieu (75% < f < 100%).
Tai viing ^em Vuon Quoc gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - VTnh Phiic) chiing toi da thu dugc 26 loai bp xit hai thupc 6 hp, trong do hp bp xit mep Coreidae co 10 loai (chiim 38%)), hp bp xit mil Miridae co 1 loai (chiem 4%), hp bp xit 5 canh Pentatomidae co 9 loai (chiem 35%), hp bp xit tron Plataspidae co 3 loai (chiem 12%), hp bp xit mai riia Scutelleridae co 1 loai (chiem 4%)), hp bp xit do Pyrrhocoridae co 2 loai (chiim 8%).
Trong 26 loai bp xit hai ke tren co 18 loai thu dugc tren mgt so cay trong, dac biet 3 loai CO tan suat bat gap cao do la loai bp xit dai Leptocorisa acuta (f = 85%)) co s6 lugng chii yeu tren cac rupng liia, loai bp xit xanh Nezara viridula (f = 75%)) co s6 lugng ca the chiem chii yeu tren cay hp dau va ngo, loai bp xit vai Tessaratoma papillosa (f. = 70%) co so lirgng chu yeu tren cay nhan, vai a cac vuon cay an qua. Day la 3 loai bp xit hai nguy hiem va lien tuc tren mpt cay trong nhu liia, dau, ngo va cay vai, nhan (xem bang 1). * . •
Thanh phan cdc lodi bp xit cd lai thu duac tgi diem nghien ciru
Trong thai gian nghien ciiu chiing toi da thu thap dugc 25 loai bp xit co Igi. Chiing la cac loai bp xit an thit thupc 6 hg, trong do hp bg xit 5 canh Pentatomidae c6 7 loai (chiem 28%)), hp bp xit mu Miridae co 1 loai (chiim 4%o), hg bg xit an sau Reduviidae CO 13 loai (chiem 52%)), hg bp xit gia an sau Nabidae co 2 loai (chiim 8%), hp bp xit do Pyrrhocoridae c6 1 loai (chiem 4%), hp bp xit dai Lygaidae co 1 loai (chiim 4%o) (xem bang 2).
Bang 2. Thanh phan cac Ioai bo xit an thit thu ducrc tai tai viing dem ViroTi Quoc gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - Vinh Phiic)
STT
1 2
: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 1-6 17 18 19 20 21 22
23
24
25
Ten khoa hgc
1. Hg Nabidae
Nabis capsiformis Germ.
Nabis sp.
11. Hg Pentatomidae
Cantheconidea furcellata Walk Erthesina fullo Thunb
Dalpada oculata Fabrius Cantheconidea concinna Walk Andrallus spinidens Fabr.
Cazira veirvcosa Wertn Cantheconidea sp.
III. Hg Reduviidae Sycanus falleni Stal.
Sycanus croceovittatus Dohrn Sycanus sp.
Ectrychotes crudelis Fabr.
Miophales greeni Distant Coranus obscurus Kirby Coranus fuscipennis Reut.
Ectomocoris atrox Stal.
Polytoxus ruficeps Hsiao Acanthaspis geniculata Hsiao
Tribelocephalus wakeri China Valentia apetala Vuill Euagoras plagiatus Burm.
IV. Hg Miridae
Cyriorrhinus livilipennis Reut.
V. Hg Lygaeidae Geocoris tricolor Fabrius
VI. Hg Pyrrhocoridae Antilochus conquebertii Fabr.
Nci thu mau Mgt so
cay trong
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Cay byi cay ripng
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
•
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*.
*
1^
*
*
*
TSn s u i t b i t gap
(%)
50 2 5 ;
63., 25 25 13 13 13' 13 '
63 38 25 25 65 25 60 25 13 13 25 7 5 . 13
50
38
25
Mu'c dg pho b i i n
++
+
• + + .
: • , +
+ + + + +
+ + + .+
+ + +
+ + +
+
• • + • „ ••
+ + + + +
+
+ +
+
+
Vat m6l
R0P, tr. ray Rep, tr. ray
SX.SOX, SK, SDN . ,SX,,SDX,SK
SX, SDX SX, SOX, SK, SOL SX, SDX, SK, SDN
SX.SOX, SK SX, SDX; SK, SCL
BXX, SX, SDX, SK BXX, SX SDX.SK SX, SOX, SK SX, SOX, SK, ray
R?p, tr. r4y Rep, ray Rep, r i y Rep, ray Rep, ray SX, SOX SX, SDX SX, SDX, SK
SX, SOX
Tr. ray
Tr. sau, tr. ray
BXDH
Ghi chii: +: Gap it (1% < f < 50%); ++: G5p tuong d6i (50% < f < 75%)); +++: Gap nhieu (75% < f < 100%).
SDX: Sau do xanh; SX: Sau xanh; SK: Sau khoang; BXDH: Bg xit do hai; BXX: Bo xi't xanh;
SDN: Sau do nau; Tr.: Tning.
Qua bang 2 cho thay, trong tong so 25 loai bp xit an thit thu dugc chi co 12 loai thu dugc tren mpt so cay trong tai diem nghien ciru, trong do dac biet co 3 loai co so lugng cao va xuat hien thuongxuyen tren mpt, so cay trong nhu: Loai bg xit hoa an thit Cantheconidea furcellata (f = 63%)'xuat hien chii yeu: tren cay liia va tren cay dau tuong (thiic an ciia loai hay chii yeu la cap loai sau non), loai bg xit den an thit Coranus fuscipennis {i^ "= 60%) la loai-bat moi chii yeu tren cay hg dau, cay rau mau va cay ngo
(thiic an ciia loai> nay la cac loai sau non va ray) va loai Ploiariola oculata (f = 65%) xuat-hien chii yeu tren cac cay an qua nhu nhan, vai (thiic an ciia loai nay chii yeu la rep va trung-ray). So vdi nhiing ket qua dieu tra ciia nhieu tac gia truoc day thi trong 25 loai dugc ghi nhan: a vung dem nay, Ian dau tien chiing toi da ghi nhan thern dugc loai Miophales greeni ihuot phan hg Emesinae thupc hg Redilviidae - la loai moi cho khu he bp xitan thit o mien Bac Viet Nam.
: K E T L U A N - ' ^ ^ I '' '^-''' •::
- Tai vung dem Vuon Qu6c gia Tam Dao (Me Linh - VTnh Phiic) tren mgt so cay trong thi so lugng ca the ciia cac loai bp xit (Heteroptera) chu yeu tap trung vao 4 ho Coreidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae va Miridae. " :
- Da thu dugc 26 loai bp xit hai, trong do thupc hg Coreidae co 10 loai, hp Miridae CO 1 loai, hp Pentatomidae co 9 loai, hp Plataspidae co 3 loai, Hp Scutelleridae co 1 loai, hp Pyrrhocorida6 co 2 loai. Trong 26 loai thu dugc co 18 loai thd tren mpt so cay trong dac biet 3 loai co tan suat bat gap cao, do \a Leptocorisa acuta, Nezara viridula (f = 75%), loai Tessaratoma papillosa (f = 70%)), day la 3 loai bp xit hai nguy hiem va lien tuc tren mpt cay trong nhu liia, dau, ngo va cay vai, nhan.
- Da thu thap dugc 25 loai bg xit co Igi bao gom hp Pentatomidae 7 loai, hg Miridae 1 loai, hp Reduviidae 13 loai, hp Nabidae 2 loai, hp Pyrrhocoridae 1 loai, hp Lygaidae 1 loai va chi c6 12 loai thu dugc tren mgt so cay trong trong do dac biet 3 loai eo s6 lugng cao va xuat hien thuong xuyen nhu: Cantheconidea furcellata, Coranus fuscipennis va Miophales greeni (f = 65%).
- So voi nhiing ket qua dieu tra ciia nhieu tac gia truoc day thi trong 25 loai dupe ghi nhan a vung dem nay, lan dau tien chiing toi da ghinhan them dugc loai Miophales greeni thugc phan hp Emesinae thupc hp Reduviidae - la loai moi cho khu he bp xit an . thit a mien Bac Viet Nam.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vu Quang Con, Pham HiJu Nhugng, Nguyen Thj Hai, 1994: Mgt so ket qua buoc d§u v8 d5c diem sinh hgc ciia bg xit hoa In thit Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff.) tai Nha H 6 - Ninh Thuan. Tap chi Bao ve thuc vat, s3 4, tr. 16 - 19.
2. Pham Van Lam, 1993: Ket qua buoc dau xac dinh ten khoa hgc cua cac thien dich tren d6ng bong.
Tap chi BVTV, s6 5(131)71993, tr. 2 - 5.
3. Pham Van Lim, 1997: Danh luc cac loai sau hai liia va thien dich cua chiing a Viet Nam. Nha xuit ban Nong nghiep, tr. 99 - 100.
4. Trucmg Xuan Lam, 1998: Thanh phan con trung an thit va nhen bat m6i, mgt s6 dac digm sinh hgc sinh thai ciia mgt s6 loai quan trgng tren cay dau tucmg vu he thu tai Ha Tay. Luan van thac sT khoa hgc, tr. 19-23.
5. Vien Bao ve thuc vat, 1976: Ket qua di§u tra con triing 1967 -1968, Nha xuat ban Nong thon, 1 - 579.
6. Uy ban Khoa hgc Nha nuoc, 1981: Ket qua di§u tra co ban dgng vat miSn Bac Viet Nam,tr. 99 - 112.
7. Li Yongxi, Zhou.Zhihong, Wang.Zhuyin and Pu Tiansheng, 1988: Quang Tay kinh t6 Con trimg D6 sich. Quang Tay Khoa hgc xuat ban xa, p: 1 - 153.
8. Miller, N.C.E., 1954: A new genera and species of Reduviidae from Indonesia and description of a new subfamily, voor Tijd. Ent. 97:75 - 114.
9. Miller, N.C.E., 1956: The Biology of Heteroptera. London Leonard hill limited. P: 1-141.
10. Murugan, C. and Livingstone,D., 1995: Keys to the South Indian species of tibiaroliate assassin bugs (Heteroptera : Reduviidae). Journal of Entomological Research 19(3). P: 265 - 275.
11. Distant W.L, 1904: The fauna of British India including Ceylon and burma Rhynchota - Vol. II (Heteroptera).'Published under the authority of the Secretjiry of State for India in Council. P: 196 - 402.
SUMMARY
Preliminary study about stinkbugs (Heteroptera) on some plants in interzone of Tam Dao national park (Me Linh - Vinh Phuc province)
, Vii QuangCon, Truong Xudn Lam
In the interzone of Tam Dao National Park, there are 51 bugs species recorded on some plants. They belong to four main families: Coreidae, Miridae, Pentatomidae and Reduviidae. Of which, 25 species are predaceous.
Three predaceous species, Cantheconidea furcellata (Pentatomidae), Coranus fuscipennis and Stenolamus greeni {ReduVudae), are fairly common (their frequency of occurrence are the highest). Especially, Miophales greeni Distant is recorded for the first time to the fauna of northern Vietnam.
