JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI: 10.18173/2354-1067.2017-0096 Social Science, 2017, Vol. 62, Iss, 11, pp. I lS-125
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BIEU TRUNG CUA CAC TlT NGU CHI P H U O N G TIEN VA CONG CU SAN XUAT TRONG CA DAO TINH YEU NGU6l VIET
Vu Thi Tuyet
Khoa Ngif vdn, Tntdng Dai hoe Sit pham Hd Not 2
Tom tat. Ca dao dnh yeu ciia ngUdi Viet la mdl loai hinh van hoc dan gian dac sac Tfl ngfl trong loai binh van hoc nay rii da dang va phong phti Phudng lien \;i cong cu san xual la mot trong nhflng ddi IUdng cd ban cua ca dao linh yeu Trong ca dao cae ddi lUdng nay phan ldn deu trd ihanh cac bieu irUng, bieu tUOng vdi mot be s6 y nghla da dang Nhflng cung hac, Irang thai, cam xuc, phUOng thdc, trill If ciia linh yeu,... lit nhflng y nghTa bieu irUng ma cac id ngfl chi phUdng lien va cdng cu san xuil trong ca dao linh yeu mang lai.
Tif khda: Bieu trUng, ca dao, linb yeu, phuOng lien va cong cu san xual.
1. Me( d4u
Viec nghien cflu ve ngfl nghTa cua van con dUdc liep tuc nhU mgt xu hudng liU yeu cua khoa hgc nghien cflu ngdn ngfl Nghien cflu nghTa bieu trflng irong van chUdng nghe ihual lii mgt trong nhflng hudng nghien cflu rit dUdc quan tam irong nhflng nam gan day va da dai dUdc nhflng kel qua dang khi'ch le. Da c6 rat nhieu cdng trinh viet vc bieu trUng d cac mflc do dam nhiit khac nhau nhu cac cdng trinh cua Nguyin Thi Van Anh, Nguyen Thj Ngan Hoa, Tran Van Nam, Nguyen Thj N h a n , . . . [ 1, 10, 13, 14, 19],... Mdi cdng trinh tren lai cd siJ khai thac nghTa bieu trUng d cac phUdng dien khac nhau: bieu trUng trong ca dao Nam B6, bieu trUng cua val Ihe nhiin lao Irong ca dao Viet Nam,.. Cd the nhan thay rang chua cd mdt cdng trinh cu the niio nghien cflu bieu Irttng trong ca dao linh yeu ngUdi Viet ndi chung va bilu trUng cua cac tfl chi phUdng lien, cdng cu san xual ndi rieng. Vi vay, day chfnh la manh dat cdn "de ngd" de tac gui bai viel nghien cflu. Tren cd sd ke thfla vii tilp thu kit qua nghien cflu cua cac cdng trinh di trfldc, bai viel sau day se van dung ll thuyet v l nghia bieu trUng vao nghien cflu mdt pham tru ngon ngfl cua ca dao tinh ylu. Dd la cac tfl ngfl thudc chf phUdng tien vii cdng cu san xuat Cac ifl ngfl chi niiy xuat hien vdi lan so cao tren ca hai phfldng dien ldi va Ifldt. Tim hieu nglua bieu trflng cua cac tfl ngfl nay se mang lai nhflng tri thflc phong phu vil ciang gdp phin liim siing td mgt viii net dac irUng trong tfl duy van hda ngUdi Viet xUa. Dieu nay cung gdp phin liim ro mgt phan niio dd diic diem ngfl nghTa cua cac tfl ngfl trong ca dao tinh yeu va ciang lii sU tiep ndi cho m6t xu hUdng nghien cflu ciia ngdn ngfl.
Ngay nhan bai; l.Vl/2017 Ngay siia h5i; 2H/1/20I7 Ngiiy nhan dang 20/7/3017 Lien he Vfl Tin Tuyel. e-mail vutuyetl9R9sp2t*gTnail com
tsteu I'rttng cua tac tif ngii chi phifOng tien vu cc'mg eu .sdn xudt tnmg ca dao tinh yen ngifdi Viet
2. Noi dung nghien ciiu 2.1. Khai quat ve nghia bieu triTng
Trong cudn Tit dien thudt ngit vdn hoe cd neu "Bieu IUdng con dUdc goi lii lUdng irUng, nd cd nghia rong va nghTa hep. trong nghTa rgng, bieu IUdng lii diic trUng phan iinh cu6c sdng hing hinh tUdng cua van hoc nghe thuat". Theo nghTa hep, bieu tUdng la m6l phUdng thflc chuyen nghTa cua Idi ndi hoac mgt loai hinh tUdng nghe thuat cd kha nang truyen cam Idn , . " va bieu IUdng con lii "mgt phUdng thflc chuyen nghla cua ldi noi, bieu tUdng co quan he gin gui vdi an du vit hoan du" [8;tr.24]. Tac gia Nguyin Dflc Tdn trong cudn sach Ddc trioig vdn hda - ddn tgc cda ngdn ngit vd tuduy da dinh nghTa bieu trUng nhU sau "Bieu tnJng la liy mot su vat. hien lUdng nao dd de bieu hien cd tfnh chill ifldng irUng. Udc le mdt cai gi dd khac mang tfnh irflu tUdng. Dd la hien tUdng kha phd bien va quen thugc ddi vdi cac dan toe vii phan anh quan niem "ngay thd", dan gian cua mdi tdc ngUdi doi khi dUdc cd dinh hda trong ngdn ngfl Khi mot sU vilt, hien tUdng cd gia tri bieu trflng thi nd (va kem theo la ten goi cua nd) .se gdi len trong y thflc ngfldi ban ngfl sU lien tUdng kha ben vflng" [I7:tr.378].
Theo quan niem cua I,. HjemSlev, tfn hieu ngon ngfl trd thanh cai bieu dat cua tfn hieu tham mT mang gia trj bieu trUng D i l u nay cd nghTa la, nghTa bieu trUng bao gid cung dUde xay dUng Iren nghTa goc, nghTa ban the ctia tfn hieu ngdn ngfl, Khi trd thanh tfn hieu tham mT thi hai mat cai bieu dat vii cai difdc bieu dat cua lin hieu ngdn ngfl se trd ird ihiinh ciii bieu dat cua tfn hieu tham mT. Vi vay gifla nghTa gdc vit nghTa bieu trUng til ylu phai cd mdi quan he chiit che Ndi each khac, nghTa bieu trUng cd quan he chat che vdi dac diem sU vat dUdc djnh danh bing ngdn ngfl.
Bieu trUng cd hai mat "cai bieu dat" va "cai dUdc bieu dat". Hai mat nay dUdc kit hdp theo .sU lien tudng vil theo mgi quan he Udc le nao dd. Bieu trUng bao gid cung cd: tfnh chat bieu hien mgt cai gi dd bang sU vat cd hinh anh; dai dien cho mgi ciii gi dd, nham gdi len mgt cai gi theo lien IUdng;
tfnh Udc le; ma (kf hieu); bieu hien nhflng "gia iri" mang tfnh nhan van. Vl miit chflc nang, bieu trUng cdn mang tfnh thay the (vat mo gidi) SU ihay the Irong ca dao thudng dien ra mgt each Udc II va an du Qua dd, the hien mot gia tri, mgt tfl tudng tham mT hay nhflng tam tU tinh cam le nhj cua cgn ngfldi. Bieu trflng mpt mat cd sU lien he chat che vdi nghTa biin the, nguyen miu vdi cac sU vat hien tUdng trong the gidi khach quan nhung mat kha nd mang tfnh lUdng trUng (tfnh bieu trUng) bieu dat ve mgt gia tri, mang tfnh trflu IUdng. phi hien thUc, khd ciim nhan. Hai mat nay cd sU mau ihuiin nhung luon thong nhat vdi nhau vi gifla chiing cd m6t sdi day lien he chat che. Bieu trUng CO the dua chung la viio mdt ITnh vUc cd cam giac "phi If" nhung ddng thdi lai la phUdng tien de'khai quat ve mdt gia tri, mdl y nghTa niio dd ciia hien ihuc, Bieu trflng khong chf bieu Ihj mat bao thu ma cdn bieu th] mat nang d6ng cua cu6c song
"Bieu trUng cd quan he vdi ddi IUdng ciia nd chi qua mot nghia cd tfnh chil Udc le ma ngUdi ta gan cho nd trong mgt hoiin ciinh nao d d . . , NghTa dd lii do con ngfldi trong cdng ddng dai ra mil thdi" [l7;tr,S6] Bieu trUng, mdt mat cd tfnh hinh IUdng cu the, ciii bieu hicn la mot doi lUdng niio do dUdc quy chilu Ifl hien thuc. Mat khac, lii y nghTa xa hdi nao dd dUdc ca cdng ddng c h i p nhan Dac tfnh nay cdn cho thiy, mdi cong ddng cd mgi ldi lU duy, suy nghT, quan mem xii hdi rieng, . Tfl dd. hinh ihiinh y nghTa xii hpi nao dd vii dUdc cdng ddng do chap nhan. Y nghTa bieu trUng cd mdi quan he chat che vdi dac diem biin the. Tfl nhflng dac die'm ban the dUdc phan anh viio binh dien ngdn tfl "cac tfl ngfl trd thanh ciic ifn hieu tha'm mT cd vai Iro bicu dai ddi song linh [han cua chli the van hda, phan iinh nhflng noi dung tinh than ma con ngUdi dii phdng chieu, dU doan, ki tfch tfl sU triii nghiem tU nhien va xa hoi cua chfnh minh." [10;tr.6!6-623].
Vu Thi Tuyel
Mdi bieu trUng ddi khi khdng chi cd m6t nghTa. Trong qua trinh sfl dung, trong bdi canh nghe thuat, dan gian khdng ngflng md rgng ddi IUdng nhan thii'c qua Ciic bieu trUng, Nhflng y nghTa mdi ay cd ihe rit bit ngd, rat "mdt" nhflng qua trinh hiinh chflc, ngfldi tiep nhan van cd the If giai dfldc bdi gifla cac nhan vat giao tiep cd mgt tien gia djnh bach khoa chung. Vii dti bieu trUng gl di nfla thi nd van chfla cai "loi" ngfl nghTa cd biin. Cac bieu trflng ludn mang gia trj tham ml ro ret
Bieu trflng lii sU kit tu cua nhflng gia tri, linh hoa, kmh nghiem ngan ddi trong cudc sdng.
Cac bieu IrUng, bieu tUdng gdp phin tad nen bo mat cua m6t n l n van hda vdi nhflng dUdng net ccf ban, sac net nhat. Dd Iii mot ihl gidi cd sflc h i p din dac bill, quy tfl nhieu tfnh chat dUdng nhif doi lap nhau: vfla hien hien. vfla tiem an; vfla bgc 16, vfla che giau: vfla ro riing, vfla mong lung,..
Su tac ddng, mdt quan he gifla the gidi bieu tUdng va the gidi con ngUdi, nhflng y nghia ham an ma bieu tUdng khdi gdi ra nhU mot quy Udc iham mT ciia cdng d o n g . . . lii nhflng viin de If ihti ma ngudi ta van mgng mudn cd the If giai dUdc nhd vao n6 lUc ciia tU duy logic. Nghia bieu irUng ciia cac tfl ngfl cht vat the nhiin tao ndi chung va cua ciic Ifl ngfl chi phUOng iten vit cong cu san xual ndi neng trong ca dao tinh yeu rit da dang, phong phu D6 lit nhflng ki hieu ngon ngfl dUOc lap di. lap lai nhieu lan, co kha nang bieu hien cac y nghTa siiu xa Bieu trifng Irong ca dao lit nhflng binh anh da dUdc chgn Igc, thfl ihach qua nam thiing, the hien nhflng dac IrUng truyen thong ciia folklore
Nhflng hieu biet ve ciic dac die'm khac nhau v l cac phUdng tien vit cdng cu siin xual lit cd sd trgng ylu de nhSn thflc cac y nghTa bieu irUng. Do lii nhflng hieu bill ve thdi gian, kh6ng gian ton tai, dac diem, hinh dang, chat lieu, ifnh chat, c6ng dung....
2 . 2 . B i e u t r u f n g c u a c a c tit n g i r c h i p h i f d n g t i e n v a c o n g c u s a n x u a t 2.2.1. Sur x u a t hieu c u a cac tir ngir chi p h i r d n g tien va cong cij san x u a t
PhUdng lien va c6ng cu san xuat la "do dung de lao dong san xuat" [16;283] Day nhom vat dung cd tan sd xual hien khong he nhd vdi 35 loai khiic nhau: thuyen. di), ghe, budm, cuoc, eay, cdn cdu. cung ten. xe. thuong,... Cac vat dung nay phuc vu cho nhieu nganh nghi khiic nhau. Su xual hien ciia chung dUdc the hien qua bang sau:
Bdng 7. Ti le, tuan sudt xudt hien cua cdc tif ngif chi phifdng tien vd cdng cu sdn xuat STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14
Tir ngir chi phirdng tien va cong cu san xuat Thuyen Ghe Dii Mai cheo Tau Buflm Can cau Con sao Ludi Cai cay/ cai bifa Cai cuoc l.iem Na/ cung/ len Rue/bao/cif a/biia
So liii ca dao co tir ngir chi phirdng tien va ciing cu san \ u a t
185 23 72 16 13 18 15 13 14 12 7 5 II 8
TIIO 41,57 5 17 16 18 3.(i0 2.'-)2 4.04 3,37 2,92 3 15 2,70 l,.57 1 12 2,47 1 80
Tan suat 269 25 90 18 14 20 16 14 15 14
a
5 13 8Tile 46 78
%
4,35 15,65 3 13 2 43 3,48 2,78 2 43 261 2 43 1 39 0,87 2 26 1 39
Bieu trung eiia cdc lif ngif chi phifdng tien vd cimg cu sim xual Irong eadao tinh yen ngifdi Viel
15 16 17 18 19
Gilu La Xe Phao, Ihuong, riu Ndm, bay, xa lan, xe ngda, kiiiu, be, do, dang, cin Tong s6
4 7 5 4 13 445 1
0 90 1 57 1,12 0,90 2 92 00
4 9 10 4 19 575
0,70 1„57 1,74 0,70 3 30 100
r i
Hinh 1. Bieu do so sdnh tdn s6 xudt hien cila cdc tit ngi? chi phifdng tien vd cdng cu sdn xudt
2.2.2. Bieu t r u H g cua cac tir ngir chi phirong ticn va cdng cu san x u a t
Trong cac phUdng tien va cdng cu sin xuil. tilu bieu nhii lit ba loai phUdng lien boat ddng tren sdng nUdc. thuyen (cd mat irong IS5 ldi ca, 269 kfdt). dfl (72 ldi ca, 90 lUdU. ghe (23 ldi ca, 25 lUdt). Cac loai phUdng tien nay xual hien nhieu hdn so vdi ciic loai khiic la do mflc do anh hUdng cua chung vdi ddi song con ngUdi. Nguyen nhiin mot phan lii do dai nUdc ta s6ng dai, bien rong, kenh mUdng chang chit nen can den cac phUdng lien nay de di chuyen cung nhU phuc vu chd qua trinh lao dpng san xuit. Sdng nudc cung lii ndi budn ban, gap gd vii trao ddi, buon ban hang hda Cudc ddi ngudi Viel xUa gan Hen vdi sdng nUdc vii ciic phUdng lien di chuyen iren moi trfldng dd, Dd lii ndi ghi dau bao nhieu ki niem, hdi flc. Hinh anh con thuyen, con do hay ghe da in sau vjio tam kham, liem ihflc mdi con ngtfdi Stf IUdng tiic manh me den mflc hinh iinh cua chiec thuyin va nhflng ngfldi cheo thuyin cdn xuil hien tren mat trdng ddng, hien val tieu bieu cua nen van hda Dong Sdn Dd la m6t giai doan cUc thinh cua thdi dai ddng Ihau ciia dit nudc ta. Thiim chi nhflng dau iin iy con den ngiiy hom nay Chiing xual hicn trong cac di tfch ljch sfl, ciic cong trinh kien Iriic. Nen cd the khiing dinh irong sd Ciic phUdng lien di chuyen trln mdi trUdng s6ng nfldc, con thuyen dii trd thanh mo tfp trang trf phd biln irong dan gian vii trd ihiinh doi tUdng cua van hoc Cac dac tfnh ve hoat dgng, cdng dung, tfnh chai da iham gia viio quii irinh bieu trUng hda cho Ciic y nghTa tham mT v l tinh yeu trong ca dao tinh yeu cua ngUdi Viel Nhflng y nghTa bieu irUng ciia cac loai phudng tien nay khii phong phii va da dang song deu cd lien quan ft nhieu den cac nghTa goc.
Khi chua hanh chflc. ba loai phifdng tien niiv dUdc ifl dien dinh nghTa nhfl sau.
- Thuyin: PhUdng lien giao thong tren mai nudc, ibudng nhd vii tho sd, hoai ddng bang st'tc
ngudi, sflc gid [I6,lr.l255]
- Do Thuyen nhd chd khiich tren song nUdc theo nhflng tuyen nhit dinh [ 16;tr,435].
- Ghe: thuyen gd cd mui [ 16;496]-
Day diu lii cac phUdng tiln viin chuyen tren mat nUdc. Chung ia ciic phUdng lien quan trong trong ddi sdng con ngUdi, co mat trong nhilu mat ciia ddi sdng Chung da trd thimh mgt phan ciia cudc sdng vii hit sflc quen thudc vdi con ngUdi. Vi viiy, cac vat dung nay cd he y nghia Iham mT phong phu. Tuy nhien trong ciic val dung dd thuyen xuit hien nhilu nhat, sau d6 lii dd va cudi cung lii ghe. Thuyen vii dd lii hai loai phUdng lien cd mat d k h i p moi ndi. Trong khi dd, ghe lai chii ylu cd mat d phUdng Nam. Bdi ie d ndi, he ihdng kenh rach ching chjl nen ghe la phUdng tien kha Ihuan ldi cho sfl di chuyen Cung cd the thiy de di chuyen tren sdng nUdc thi co the cd rat nhieu loai phUdng lien khiic nhau: thuyin, do. ghe, xudng, thung,. song ba loai phUdng nen neu tren iai chiem Uu the hdn ca ve sU xuit hien cung nhU Uu the ddi vdi cugc sdng. Day cung lii cac loai phUdng lien mang dam diu an van hda cua ngitdi Viet Nam. Sach Linh Nam chieh qudt chep rang ngUdi Viel cd "lan gidi, bdi tai, thiio Ihiiy chiln, gidi dung thuyen". Ciic sach Trung Hoa thdi Hiin Ihudng diln dat ngan ggn lii "Nam di chu, Bac di ma". Do lit sU khiic bill Irong viec di chuyen cua ngudi phudng B i c (Trung Qudc) va ngUdi phUdng Nam (Viei Naml.
Cac loai phUdng tien nay xual hien chu ylu tren khong gian song nUdc, difdc mieu ta 6 nhilu thdi die'm khac nhau Thuyin - dd - ghe cung difdc dong hien cung nhilu viit the nhan laO khac. Cung vdi dd, cac tfl ngfl chi con ngUdi, liim IU tinh citm con ngUdi ciing xuiil hien Chfnh si(
kit hdp ngang, dgc nay da gdp phin ddn m d l tao nen cac y nghTa bieu trUng phong phii Cac loai phuong tien mang nhflng dac trUng neng. Cd nhflng khi chung dUdc mieu tii vdi nghia thuc nhung phin idn chung dUdc dung vdi muc dfch nghe ihuiil Chung thudng dUOc xual hien vdi tU each lii ciich hinh anh an du de bieu trUng cho mgt y nghTa nito dd Xual phiil tfl diic ifnh di chuyen, khdng cd djnh, mang nghTa bieu trUng cho thudc ti'nh dUdng, thuyen dUdc dung de bieu trUng cho ngUdi dim dng trong quan he vdi ben - ngUdi phu nfl. Thuyen Oi cfl nhd hen chdng/ Ben thi mot da khdng khdng dgi thuyen [ 11 ;lr.2093] NgUdi phu nfl ddi chd thuy chung cung gidng nhif ndi nhd mong gifla thuyen va ben. Y nghTa bieu trUng nay xuat phiil tfl su lien lUdng tUdng dong ve sU chuyen di ciia gidi tfnh nam vii thuyin. Thuyen - dd - ghe lii ciic phUdng lien di chuyen tren mat nudc. Vdi ciic dac diem mang tinh dUdng tinh cua sU val van ddng xdng pha, vflng vitng vUdl qua khd khan, thfl thiich, phong ba bao lap vdi nhflng tay cheo da trd thiinh tru cdt cua gia dinh, bao ve gia dinh, bao ve tinh yeu. Chiing bat ciip vdi ben de trd thiinh mot cap song ddi tieu bieu Cling cd khi thuyen lai bieu IrUng cho ngudi phu nfl: Anh ve cho nhd mai sang/ Coi eh bd chiec thuyen vdng lenh deiih [11:163) NhU vay, c d t h e khiing dinh tiing "NgUdi cung nhU phUdng lien".
Thuyen cung lii phUdng tien dfldc dung vdi nghla bieu trUng cho .sU yeu thUdng ihuy chung, kien dinh ciia nhan vat trfl linh: Thuyen at md cUiu hen la/ Mtti phen rdch ndt, .sii'dng sa Ignh limg/Lanh lung anh ddp do cho/Em nghe ldi ai do, gidy vd do anh [ I I ,tr 208.'i|.
Thuyen dfldc coi nhu mdt "mau d l " thudc loai lieu bteu nhit trong ca dao vit dan ca Trong ca dao tinh yeu, thuyen lii phUdng lien xuit hien nhieu nhil vdi nhieu biln the khiic nhau: thuyen thung. thuyin nan, thuyen tinh. thuyen van, thuyen r d n g , . , . Ciic bd phan cua ihuyin cung dUdc dac lii nhU: mui thuyen, mui thuyen. man thuyin, biinh lai thuyen, Mdl lin hieu dac bill irong nhdm niiy la ket hdp "thuyin linh", xuit hien trong 15 ldi ca vdi 16 Ifldt, Gta do neo chiec thuyen imli/Bgn be mdi ldi Id manh gdp ghe [I l;lr. 10291; Phdn em gid linliUchiic Ihuyiu imlt/Mtlflt hai hin iiifflcltnh dinli/ Biil ddu Ircmg due tnfdng minh gift Ihdn [1 l:lr. 1726],. H'mh anh thuyen tinh dUdc diang de ciic nhan vat trfl linh the hien tinh cam cua minh. Thuyen tinh chi'nh la con thuyen
Bieu tnmg eua cdc tif ngit chi/ihifdng tien vd c dng cu .sdn \udl trong cu dao tinh yeu ngudi Viel
cua linh yeu, cua hanh phuc. Dd la con thuyen chd tinh yeu vUdt qua khd khiin, giong bao ciia cudc ddi
Vdi dac tfnh di chuyen trln song nUdc, nhUng vdi cac loai thuyen khiic nhau thi .sU di chuyen de dang hay khd khan cua chung la khdng ddng nhit. Cd Ioai de di nhUng cd loai thi kha biip blnh khd di. DUa tren dac tinh nay. ca dao tinh yeu dii dung cac ioai thuyen de noi thay cho n6i long minh: Em che thuyen thiing chdng di/ Em dt thuyen vdn cfl khi gdp ghenh!/ Ba thim hdy not lenh denli/ Cfl kht dengd de nghieng ihiel ihfli! [I !;tr.931]. Cung vdi tfnh chat khdng vflng chic tren s6ng nude ma hinh anh con thuyen cdn dUdc dung de bieu trUng cho sd phan ngUdi dan ong chua vd hay ngUdi phu nfl khong chdng. Em cd chdng rdi nhu ngifa chi ven/ Anh day ehifa vd nhu chiie thuyen nghieng giita vfli [1 l,tr,929], Gitdng khdng cfl thiiy gtfdng mil/Thuyen khimg cd Idt lifng la gii'fa dimg/ Mcmg .sao nghia ihiiy tinh chung/ Cho llniveu gap hin, gifring Ircmg ugctn dflt [ l l , i r 102.'i]; Chong chunk nhif ndn khdng quai/ Nhu thuyin khimg Idt nhu ai khimg i-hdiig..
Hmh anh con thuyen cung chfla dtJng y mem ve cu6c sdng "vflng chic lii dUdng tfnh, bap blnh, chong chanh lii am tfnh" Thuyen ludn cin cd liii. neu khong se iroi di mgt ciich vo dinh, khong bill se dl dau ve dau D i l u nay cting gidng nhU phu nfl vii dim ong smh ra lii de danh cho nhau, Dd cung la quy luat cua lao hda NgUdi phu nfl chUa chdng hay ngUdi dim dng chua vd, cugc song vd dinh, mil phUdng hUdng. Day cung la trill If nhan sinh mil dan gian gfli g i m Irong ca dao linh yeu. Cac triet li ve cugc song cung dUdc ki thac qua cac phUdng lien: Em di anh hdo em ndy/Sdng sdu chfl lgi, do day chfl di [1 l,tr.968]. Cac phUdng tien cung la ndi hen hd diy lang man, iii nhan chflng cho cac cudc tinh. Gdc cheo ngdi lita man thuyen/ Trcmg in mdl ntfdc, cdng nhin cdng say [li,lr.995].
Ciic phUdng lien cung bi^u trUng cho sU xa each ve khoiing each dia It. NhUng vdi nhflng Irai tim dang yeu khoiing each ciang chi lii phUdng thflc de ho chflng minh tinh ciim ciia minh Gdn thi chdng hen duyen cho/ Xa xoi t dt It mdy ldn do eung dt \\ \ ;tr. 1016] Ciic phfldng tien cung gan lien va bieu trUng cho sU ddi thay trong linh yeu: Trdm ndm ddu loi hen hii/ Cdy da ben cii con dd khdc xua {\\;iv.2'\5%l
Cac y nghTa thii'm mT ciia ciic phUdng tien niiy deu cd quan he nhiii dmh vdi "mau gdc" irong van hda Ihl gidi v l thuyen vii dd "con thuyen lii bicu tUdng ctia cugc hiinh irinh, cuoc vUdl qua do ngUdi s6ng hoac ngUdi chel IhUc hien" |4,ii.9I0].
Cac phUdng tien vii cong cu san xuai dUdc de cap den trong ca dao linh yeu ngudi Viel thugc v l nhieu nghe khiic nhau nhUng chu yeu hen quan den hai nghe lii nghe liim rupng vii nghe song nudc. Trong ca diio linh yeu, ciic cong cu vii phUdng tien ay nghTa ihifc dii bi md nhat mit Ihay vao dd la ciic y nghTa thudc v l ddi sdng lain If, tinh ciim. Hay ndi ciich khiic, chung dit chuyen tfl trUdng nghTa chi vat the .sang trUdng nghTa chi con ngUdi. Ddi khi, chiing cdn ddng nhiil vdi chi'nh con ngudi. Cd sd cua .sU bjeu trUng hda niim trong moi hen lUdng gifla boat dgng lao dong siin xuat vdi hanh vi, tam If va tinh cam ciia con ngudi, Doi tUdng va ciich thflc cua hoat dong lao dgng san xuat dUdc hieu la ddi tUrtng, ciich thflc cua nhflng tiic d6ng iam If. tinh ciim,... SU hda thiln sau sac cua con ngUdi vao ciic cdng cu va phUdng lien san xual lam cho cac tfl ngfl chi cac val the niiy trd nen sinh dong hdn bao gid bet Ngoiu thuyin, do, ghe cdn cd rii nhieu ciic phUdng lien khac Mdi phudng tien lat bieu trUng cho nhflng y nghta nhat dmh NhUng do khudn khd cua bin viel nen chung ldi chi lap trung liim ro nghia ctia thuyen, dd, ghe vdi lU ciich lii nhflng ddi Utdng cd lan s6 xuat hicn cao nhiil.
Vu Thj Tuyel
3. Ket luan
Kha nang bieu trUng hda ciia cac tfl ngfl chi ciic phUdng lien va cong cu san xuit trong ca dao linh yeu ngUdi Viet lit mot dac irUng ndi bal Dd ciing lit xu hudng cd ban cua sfl mieu la ciic tfl ngfl trong ca dao, Dai da sd cac ifl ngfl chi phUdng tien vii cdng cu san xuit diu cd su chuyen IrUdng de khic hga nhflng y nghTa Ihiim mi phong phu. Ngdn ngfl ca dao tinh yeu ludn chfla difng cac cung bac cam xuc, cac trill If nhiin sinh v l tinh yeu vii cugc song. Chi'nh sU bieu trUng nay da gdp phan khac hga ro net dau i n viin hda va tfl duy cua ngUdi Viet xUa ve tinh yeu cung nhu each thflc the hien vin de niiy trong cudc sdng cung nhU each flng xfl trong tinh yeu, Bai viel chi lap irung Iam ro mgt sd tfl ngfl chi phUdng lien va cong cu siin xuat cd tan sd xuit hien cao trong ca dao tinh yeu. Do lii cac val the cd mdi quan he thilt than, gan bd vdi ddi sdng con ngudi. Khi phan tich cac tfl ngfl nay, chiing l6i liim rd sU xual hien, sU chuyen trUdng va luon dat chung trong tifdng quan vdi cac tfl ngfl thudc cac trUdng nghTa khac Vdi sU phiin tfch da chilu nhu vay hi vong se lam sang id phan nao dac trUng ngfl nghTa cd mgt nhdm tfl trong ca dao tinh yeu ngUdi Viel.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[I] Nguyen Thj Van Anh, 2015. Tin hieu ngim ngit tham ml Irong ea dao Nam Tnmg Bd-\.u^niT\
Tien sT Ngfl viin, Dai hgc Khoa bgc xa hgi va Nhan van thanh phd Ho Chf Minh.
[2] Diep Quang Ban. 2010 Tif dten llnidt ngif ngfln ngif hen- (.so thdo) Nxb Giito due. Ha Npi.
[3] W a l l a c e ! . Chafe, 1998. Y nghTa vd edu inie cita ngim ngif (Nguyen \.a\ d\ch) NxbGiiiodiic, Hii Ndi.
[4] Chevalier, J. Gheerbrant, A. 1997. Tit dien hieu fitting vein hda ihi gidi Nxb Dii Ning [5] Dd Hflu Chau, 1997 Co .sd ngit nglua hoe tit viuig. Nxb G\ao due, UaNoi
[6] DdHflu Chau, 2007 Dat citdng ngdn ngif Iwc (Ngif clung hge), tap 2 Nxb Giiio due, Hii Npi.
[7] Dd Hflu Chau. 2007. Tit vidtg ngif nglua liing Viel Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia. Hit Noi [8] Le Ba Han, Tran Dinh Sfl. Nguyin Khic Phi. 1999. Tit dien thudl ngif vdn hcic Nxb Dai hoc
Qudc gia. Ha Ngi
[9] Hoang Van Hiinh, 1991 Tif ngit liing Viel tren eon difflng hieu biel vd khdm phd Nxb Khca hoc xa hdi, Ha Ndi.
(10] Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa, 2002. "Sieu litdng nhin tit cdp do vdn hda. ngdn ngif" Ngfl hgc tre.
Hpi ngdn ngfl hpc Viet Nam.
[ I I ] Nguyin Xuan Kinh, Phan Dang Nhat [chii bien), 2001. Kho Idng eadaongitin Viel. Nxb Van hda - thong tin, Hii Not.
[ 12] Nguyen Xuan Kfnh, 2007. Tht phdp ea dao. Nxb Dai hoc Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[13] Trin Van Nam, 2003 Bieu tritng trong t-a dao Nam Bfl Luan iin tiln sT ngfl viin, Thanh pho Hd Chi Mmh.
[14] TrUdng Thj Nhiin, 199! Gid In hieu intng nghe lliiidl ciia min .so vdt the nhdn tgo Irong vo dao c d truyen Vicl Nam Tap chf viin hda diln gian. sd 3, tr 46 - 52.
115] Le Tri Q u i , 2001. Vdn hoc ddn gum VietNam Nxb Dai hoc Qudc gia Hit Ndi.
[161 Hoiing Phe, 2014 Tif dieu liing V/ef, Nxb Dii N i n g . Dii N i n g
[i7] Nguyen Dflc Tdn, 2010. Ddc tndig Vdn hda - Ddu tflc cua ngdn ngit vd tit duy. Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hoi. Ha Ndi.
[ 18] Nguyin NhU Y, 2003 TiV dte'n giat Ihieh lliudt ngit ngim ngif hgc. Nxb Giao due. Ha Ngi 119] Nguyin Thuy Van, 2013. Mfli .sn bieu Indig Irong ca dao Viet Nam (nhflnt chdl Ueu Id liii'
gich cdc bien lifdng Ihien nhien). Luan an Tiln sT Ngdn ngfl hoc. Hpc vten Khoa hoc xa hot
|20] Pham Thu Yen 1998 Nhidig the gifli nghe llmdl ca dao. Nxh Giao d\ic.'[\aNo\,.
124
men trung tuu cdc tt^ ngit chi phifimg tien vd ccmg t ij .sdn xual ircmg ca duo tinh yeu ngUdi Viel
ABSTRACT
Logo of words which indicate the tools and means of production in folk songs about love of Vietnamese
Vit Thi Tuyil Falcuty of Philology, Hanoi University of Education 2
Summary: Folk songs about love of Vietnamese is a special sort of folk literature Words in this type of literature are diverse and rich The tools and means of production are one of the basic objecis of the folk songs about love In folk songs, most of these objects become logos, symbols with a variety of meaning coefficient The states, the mood, Ihe mode, Ihe philosophy of love, etc. . are the symbolic meanings that the words which indicate the tools and means of production thai the folk songs about love bring.
Keywords: Logo, folk, songs, iove, the tools and means of production
