V^ cong tac quan \y 6 nhi^m moi tnrong trong linh virc giao thong vdn tai duong thi^ noi dia
•mS-DQ Minh n a i
Cue duong thuy nfil dia Viet NamThS. HoSng Ngoc CuCng Cyc duong thuy nOl dia Viet Nam
T
hdi gian gdn ddy, vdn tdi thuy phdt triln nhanh cd vl CO sd hg tdng vd Iyc luong vgn tdi, ho tro ddc Iyc cho cdc phuong thuc vdn tdi ttfn bd- Tuy nhifn, cQng vdi sy phdt Iriln dd, nhQng tde dOng tilu cyc ddi vdi ddi sdng cung nhu phdl triln kinh t l - xa hdi cQng ngdy cdng tdng Iln. Vi vdy, edng ldc qudn ly d nhilm mdi Irudng ttong linh vyc giao thdng vdn tdi dudng thuy ndi dja cdn phdi duyc ndng cao d l cd ihl ldm gidm nhQng ldc hai xdu vl mdi tiudng.1. Ttiirc trang ve cong tac quan iy 6 niiiem moi tiuong troiig llnli virc giao tiiong van tai dinhig tiiuy noi dja
Ve hi thdng phdp ludt lien quan ddn 6 nhiSm mdi trudng
Vift Nam dd co ban xay dyng dupc hf thdng cdc vdn bdn quy phgm phap ludl qudn 1^ vd bdo vf mdi tiudng ndi chung dde bill la ludt Bdo vf mdi tnrdng (ra ddi ndm 1993, dupe sQa ddi, bd sung ndm 2005) dd duyc ban hdnh Id mdt ttong nhiing co sd phdp ly cao nhdt ttong vifc qudn l^ Iiln quan din ttdeh nhifm qudn 1^ mdi trudng thudc ede co quan nhd nude, bd/ngdnh lifn quan. Cdc hf Uidng vdn bdn nay, tgo duyc hdnh lang phdp ly cho cde Id chQc, cd nhdn thyc hifn. Mdt khde, ttong qud Irinh triln khai thuc hifn, hf Uidng vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludl thudng xuyfin dupc edp nhdt sQa ddi, bd sung nhdm ddp iing nhirng yfu cdu cQa Ihyc tiln.
Mdc dQ dd CO bdn hodn thifn duyc hf thdng phdp ludt vl cdng tde qudn ly vd bdo vf mdi trudng ndi chung vd qudn l^, bdo vf mdi tiudng giao thdng vdn tdi dudng UiQy nOi dja ndi rifng ndi rifng. Tuy nhifin, h i tiidng vdn bdn quy pham phdp ludt vdn cdn nhilu hgn chl, cdc quy djnh vl hdnh vi vi phgm cdn chung ehung vd Uiilu sdi, cdc muc phgt chua phu hpp, cd nhilu mOc phgt cdn Uidp so vdi hdnh vi ed tinh nguy hgi cao, cdc quy djnh gidm sdt cdn thilu chgi chf tgo ra nhilu kf hd cho cdc co sd gdy d nhilm Iudn Idch do dd vdn chua ddp ung dupe cdc ylu cdu thuc tl:
+ Thilu cdc dilu khodn vl qudn IJ, khai thdc vd su dyng nude ttong giao Uidng vdn ldi, sdn xudl ndng nghifp vd ttiuj' sdn, ttong qudn 1^ khai thdc nude
ngdm, ttong he thdng thodt nudc, trong qudn ly nudc thdi bfnh vifn, edng nghifp, va trong qudn 1^ ldng hyp luu vyc sdng.
+ Hf thdng cdc van bdn dudi ludl hudng dan chi till vifc thye tiii cdn dang thilu hodc trong qua Irinh xdy dyng- Hdu hit ede vdn ban vl kilm sodt vd edc c h l ldi ttong qudn ly vd ngdn ngua d nhilm nudc dd duyc ban hanh ttong nhung ndm gdn ddy, t i ^ nhiln d l dp dung cdc van ban ndy tiong thye l l ddi hdi nd lye rat ldn cua cdc co quan chQc ndng.
+ Vl sy c6 mdi tiudng dd dupc dl cdp den ttong ludt bdo vf mPi tiudng, nhung chua duyc hudng ddn thye hifn d ed edp tiung uong vd dja phuong, ehua cd hudng ddn cho liiig nganh kl cd ngdnh giao thdng. Hf thdng CO chl ehinh sdch nfu ttfn mdi tgo ra co sd phdp ly vl bdo vl mdi tiudng ttong giao thdng thuy ndi dja.
+ Hiln lgi mdi cd cd 03 vdn bdn d l cdp true tilp d i n bdo vl mdi Irudng ttong ngdnh nlu trln, chinh vi vdy quy dtnh, Ihdng lu, hudng ddn phdp quy bao vf mdi Irudng ttong ehuyfin ngdnh vl giao thdng thuy ndi dja cdn rdt thilu. Dieu ndy ddn din qudn ly mdi ttudng ttong giao thdng thuy ndi dia chua thyc su di vao thye l l vd ed dupe phdl huy ed hifu qud.
Vi su hieu biet phdp ludt ctia ngudi tham gia Mdt ttong nhung khd khdn eo bdn cua cdng tdc bdo vl mdi ttudng giao thdng vdn tdi dudng Ihuy !d sy hilu bilt phdp lugt vl mdi Irudng cua ngucri tham gia giao thdng dudng ihQy edn thdp. Bin egnh dd, nhilu id chiic, cd nhdn lifin quan din hogt ddng ttong linh vyc giao thdng vdn tdi thQy ndi dja vdn chua quan tdm dung mQc din cdng tdc bdo vf mdi tnrdng. Vifc thyc hifn cdc bifn phdp bao vf mdi tiudng vdn edn mang tinh ddi phd d l gidi quylt vdn d l thu tue hon Id chQ ddng phdng ngQa. Nhiiu co sd kinh doanh, djch vy giao thdng vgn ldi thuy ehua ttang bj ddy dQ cdc thill bj nhu Id hf thdng thu gom vd xQ \^ chdt thdi rdn, chdt thdi sinh hogt, gif lau dinh ddu md, ddu cdn, chdt thdi nguy hgi...; Vifc xd ly cdc chdt ttidi tii hogt ddng GTVT dudng IhQy ndi dia ddi hdi ngudn ddu lu khd ldn, cdc don vj sdn xudt, kinh doanh chua thuc su chu ttpng ddu hi, bd tti kinh phi ttiyc hifn cdng ldc BVMT nln
-I Tt B H A U A - T H A I I
41
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH ,_-_=
vifc xu ly chdt thdl lgi mdt so don vj edn chua trif t d l . dgi d l phyc vu cd hifu qua hoat ddng eQa cdc Iyc Theo ttidng kfi ndm 2014 vl hogt ddng bao vl mdi ' " ^ ^ "^V-
ttudng cua cdc doanh nghiep tifin pham vi cd nudc Uii Ba Id, ehu ttpng cdng tac quy hoaeh phdl ttiln cdc 80% sd doarUi ngliifp dang hogt ddng da tiln hdiUi ldp khu, cum edng bin UiQy ndi dja lai cdc dd Uij, vd cdc Ddng ky dgi tilu chiidn mdi ttudng/ Bdn cam kit bdo vf dia phuong cd tuyln dudng tfiuy ndi dja dam bdo tinh mdi ttudng/ Bk an bdo vf mdi ttudng. Tuy nhifn, sau khoa hpc cao, todn difn cdc xu Uil phdl ttiln, h> dd c6 khi ldp bdo cdo DTM, hdu hit cdc hogt ddng dd chua
thyc hifn bifn p h ^ ndo nhdm gidm thilu tde ddng.
Vi ngudn nhdn luc
Theo ddnh gid, din nay sd luyng vd ehdt Iupng ddi ngQ can b0 ldm cdng tde qudn ly nhd nude vl ldi nguyfn vd mdi ttudng, nhdi Id d cdp dja phuong van cdn rdt hgn chf. Ddc bif I, sd lupng cdn bd ed ehuyin mdn ldm edng tde bdo vf mdi tiudng tgi cde don vi ttfn cdn rdt it, ddi vdi cde Sd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudng chi chilm chua dfn 10% lye luyng cdn bd qudn ly.
Cho din nay, ddi ngQ edn bp, cdng chuc khdi cdc CO quan thudc Bp Tdi nguyin vd Mdi tiudng vl eo bdn duyc ddo tgo dQng chuyin mdn nghiip vy, song vdi cdc UrUi vyc mdi nhu biln vd hdi dao, qudn Iy tdi nguyin nudc, biln ddi khi hdu phdn kin duyc chuyin IQ cdc linh vyc khdc sang, cdn bd dupe ddo tgo vl chuyin mdn chi chilm ti If 30%. Bfin egnh dd, cdn ed sy mdt cdn ddi vl tiinh dp dao tgo ttong tijng chuyin ngdnh nhu cdn bp duye ddo tgo vl ttiQy vdn chilm ti If cao hon edn bp vl khi tijpng... Hdu hit cdn bd qudn IJ", cdn bp chuyfn mdn chua duyc ddo tgo kiln thiic qudn ly kinh tl, ddn din thilu luc luong d l ttiye hifn
chinh sdch phQ hpp; trdnh Unh trgng quy hogch tr^
Ian, Ihilu dong bd, nhu d nhilu dja phuong thdi gian vQa qua, gdy khd khdn cho cdng tae qudn li ndi chung, qudn li mdi trudng ndi rifng. Ddi vdi cdc khu, cym cdng bin thQy ndi dja, cdn ed quy djnh bdt budc cdc cdng ly ddu lu hg tdng phdi xdy dyng hf thdng thu gom, xu li nude thdi lap trung hodn chinh mdi duoc phep hogi ddng, ddng thai thirdng xuyfn cd bdo cdo djnh ky vl hogt ddng xQ li nudc thdi, rdc thai lgi dd.
Bdn Id, chu ttpng vd td chQc thyc hifn nghifm tiic vifc thdm djnh, danh gid ldc ddng mdi ttudng ddi vdi cac dy dn ddu lu, ttfn co sd dd, co quan chuyin mOn tham muu chinh xdc cho cdp cd Uidm quyin xem xlt quyft djnh vifc cdp hay khdng cdp gidy phip ddu hr.
Vifc quylt djnh cdc dy dn ddu tu cdn duyc cdn nhdc ky ludng giQa Ipi ich dem lgi trude mdt vdi nhiing dnh hudng cQa nd din mdi trudng v l ldu ddi. Thyc hifn cdng khai, minh bgch cdc quy hogch, cdc dy an ddu tuvd tgo dilu kiln d l mpi Id chiic vd cdng ddn cd Ih^
tham gia phdn biln xd hdi vl tdc ddng mdi tiudng cfla nhQng quy hogch vd dy dn dd.
Ndm Id, ddy mgnh cdng ldc luyfin truyin, gido dye kinh t l hda ngdnh tdi nguyfin vd moi tiudng. Ty If edn vl mdi tiudng tiong loan xd hdi nhdm tgo su ehuyin biln vd ndng eao nhgn IhQc, J IhQc chdp hdnh phtip ludt bdo vf mdi tiudng, ttdeh nhilm xd hdi cua ngudi ddn, docinh nghifp ttong vifc gin giQ vd bdo vf mil trudng; xdy dyng y thQc sinh thai, lam eho mpi ngudi nhdn IhQc mdt cdch tir gidc vl vj tii, vai ttd, mdi quan h | mgt thill giua ly rUuIn - con ngudi - xd hdi.
bd qudn I^* d cdc Hnh vyc edn mdt can ddi, hifn nay dang tgp tmng nhilu d lirUi vyc qudn Iy ddl dai, ttong khi dd cdn bp vf mdi ttudng, dia chdt khodng san, tdi nguyfin nudc, qudn ly bifn, hai ddo, biln ddi khi hgu, khi tuyng thQy vdn cdn rdt thilu.
2. Giai phap
Mpt Id, tilp tiJC hodn thifn hf thdng phdp ludt vl bdo vf mdi tnrdng, ttong dd nhQng e h l tdi xu phgt
(cudng c h l hdnh ehinh va xQ li hinh su) phdi ttiue sy jni liaii iham bh4«
dQ manh df du sue rdn de cdc ddi tirong vi phgm. Bin ' " ' " - " "'^*" ^"^^
egnh dd, cdn xdy dyng ddng bp h | Uidng qudn li mdi 1 • ^d Khoa hpc edng nghf vd Mdi Irudng, Trung tiudng trong cdc nhd mdy, cac khu cdng nghifp Uieo '^"^ ^^^ '^ nidi trudng vd phdl tiiln vung , DHKTQD, cdc tifu chudn qudc tl, ddng Uidi td chQe gidm sdt 19^9. Bdo cdo ldng hyp d l ldi "Co sd khoa hpc vd Uii;c chgi chf nhdm hudng ldi mpt mdi tiudng tdt dep vd ^^^ ^^V dyng cdc quy djnh vl ddt cpc - hoan tch, ky thdn thifn hon vdi con ngudi. qui vd bdo hilm mdi trudng. Hd Ndi.
Hai Id, ldng cudng cdng tdc ndm tinh hinh, Uianh 2. Bp Khoa hpc cdng nghf vd Mdi tiudng, Cyc mil tta, Idim tta, gidm sdt vl mdi tiudng (ttiudng xuyfn, hudng , 2000. Cdc quy djnh phdp ludt vl mdi tiudng.
djnh ky, dpi xudt); phdi hpp chgt che giQa cde ea quan ^^ ^di: Nhd xudl bdn chinh tii qudc gia.
chuyin mdn, rUidt Id gii^ Iyc luyng ttianh tra mdi 3. BO Khoa hpc edng nghi vd Mdi tiudng, Cyc mfli tiudng vd, Iyc luong cdnh sat mdi ttudng cdc cdp, ttudng, 2000. 200 cdu hdi ddp v l mdi ttudng. Hd Ndi;
nhdm phdt hlfn, ngdn chgn vd xu li kjp Uidi, ttill d l a RA ifi,„^ K A U . . . .
nhQng hdnh vi gdy d nhifm mPi tiudng cQa cde Id m ^ f 2 n ^ ^ ^ K ^ " ^ P^^^ "^ T ' ^ ' ^ " ' '"^' - . . . » T^«^g.2001.GidiUiifiuvledngeykinhtlvdkhdndng chiic, cd nhdn. Ddng ttidi, ndng cao ndng lue ehuyfin
mdn, nghifp vy cho dOi ngQ cdn bp ehuyfin ttdeh cdng ldc mdi tnrdng; dang bj cdc phuong tifn ky Uiudt hifn
4 ^ KINH T £ C H A U A - T H A I S I N H D U O N Q [THAHa •? / 2
dp dyng ttong qudn ly mdi ttudng d Vift Nam. Hd Nfli.
^ 5. Chinh phQ, 1994. Nghj djnh 175/ND-CP hudng dan till hdnh Lugt Bdo vf mdi tiudng. Hd Ndi.
