Thong tin khoa hpc cong ngh? mo
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ThS. Le \ an Hai. TtiS. Ngu\en Manh Cirinig Hen Khoa hgc Cdng iialii -Mo - Mnacomin
Bien tap: TS. Luu Van Thtrc Tom tat:
Theo \ghi dinhsd 3S 2015 \D-CP cua Bg Tdi Xguvin va Min Tnrang. tdt cd cdc nguon phat thdi khi thai, nuac thdi liru lugng lan (co cdng sudt xd thai trin 1.000 m3/ngdy dim) deu phdi dirge lien hdnh lap dgt he thdng quan trde tu dgng, liin tuc. vd truyen sd Ueu true tiep chn Sa Tdi nguyen va Moi tnrdng dia phuang.
Thirc hi^n chi dgo ciia Tap dodn Cong nghiip Than - Khodng sun V'lel Sum. Hen Khoa fwc Cdng ngh? Mo • Vmacomin de xuat gidi phdp xdy dtmg hi thong quan trac chdt lirgng nuac thai v&i quy mo vii tinh ndng dap ung todn di^n theo yiu cdu vd cac quy dinh ban hdn--
1. S y can thiet
Theo Tong cyc Mbi trydng (Bp Tdi nguyen vd Mbi trudng), tinh den nay, ca nudc mdi chi c^
212 khu cbng nghipp (KCN) dang hogt dpng da hodn thdnh vipc xdy dyng hp th6ng XLP ly nude thdi tdp trung. dgt ty Ip 75% vdi 102 hp thong da dupe ldp ddt thiet bi quan trde nude thai ty dpng theo quy djnh; 19 KCN dang xay dyng hp thong xu ly nude thdi tgp tnjng; 615 cum cbng nghipp dang hogt dpng nhung chi cb khoang han 5%
diu tu xdy dyng hp thong xd ly nudc thdi tap trung.
Theo Ngh! djnh 38/2015/ND-CP, ngdy 24/4/2015 cua Bp Tdi Nguyen & Mbi Tnfdng, tat ca cdc nguon phdt thdi khi thai, nudc thai luu lupng Idn (cb cbng suat xa thai tren 1,000 mV ngdy dem) deu phai dupe tien hanh ldp ddt he thong quan trde ty dpng, lien tgc. truyen so lipu tn/c ti^p cho Sd Tdi nguyen va Mbi trudng 6\a phuang.
Theo db, quy djnh: "Khu cbng nghe cao (KCNC). Khu cbng nghipp (KCN) va Cum cbng nghipp (CCN) phai cx) nhd mdy xu ly nudc thai tdp trung. Nhd may xd ly nudc thdi tdp trung cb the chia thanh nhieu dan nguyen (mbnSun) nhung phdi bao dam xd ly todn bp luyng nude thdi phdt sinh dgt quy chuan ky thudt mbi trudng hi#n hdnh. Chu d i u tu cdc nha may xd ly nudc thdi tdp tnjng phdi thiet ke ldp ddt he thong quan trde ty dpng. lien lgc dot vdi luu luang nudc thdi. cdc thdng $6: COD (Nhu c l u oxy hod hpc). TSS (Tong chat rin la lung). pH vd mpt s6 thbng s6 ddc trung khdc trong nudc thdi (nhu db mau. color du. nita t6ng TN, phospho
tong TPvakim logi ndng) cua KCNC. KCN.
CCN theo yeu eau cua Quyet djnh phd duypt bdo cdo ddnh gid tac dbng mbi tnj'dng, trude khi thdi ra nguon tiep nhgn. Cdc trgm quan trde chdt luang nude phai dam bdo yeu e^u ky thuat ket noi de tnjyen dtp lipu ty dpng, lien tgc v l ca quan quan ly nha nudc ve mbi trudng khi ca quan ndy yeu c^u".
Do vdy, h i u het cde nganh cbng nghipp, trong db, cb ngdnh cbng nghipp khai thdc than vd khoang sdn bat bupc phai gidm sdt nghiem ngdt han chat luang nudc thdi dau ra.
TLF thyc te nhu c l u c i n thiet neu tren, Vipn KHoa hpc Cbng nghe Mb thyc hi$n khdo sat 41 trgm xu ly nudc thai trong Tap dodn TKV va lap phuang dn ky thudt xdy dyng hp thong quan trde nude thai lien tgc, ty dbng, dam bao yeu cau vd ddp ung duac cdc chuc ndng bdt bupc theo quy djnh.
2. Oe xuat giai phap
2.1. Yeu ciu cua he thong quan trie nuac thai tl/ ddng
Hp thong quan trie nudc thdi ty dbng, lidn tgc can duac thiet ke dya tren yeu cau ky thudt quan trde chat lupng nudc thai sau xu ly, ddp ung vdi cdc yeu edu cua Thbng tu so 08/2009/TT- BTNMT ngdy 15/7/2009; Thbng tu so 48/2011/
TT-BTNMT ngdy 28/12/2011 cua BO TN&MT QCVN 13-MT 2015/BTNMT QCVN 40/2011/
BTNMT Thbng tu s6 31/2016/Tr-BTNMT (ngdy 14/10/2016 ve: "Quan trie phdt thdi ty dpng")
Nhu vdy, he thong quan trde nude thdi ty dpng phdi ddm bdo cdc tinh ndng, yeu c:au sau'
I S O 9 O 0 t
l / 2 0 1 7 * C O OIKN - l l . D O M . IK)
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Thong tin khoa hpc cong ngh? mo
- Do tip dpng, lien tuc, dong thai nhieu chf tieu (pH, nhiet dp, COD, TSS, lu'u lifong, crom tong, s^t, mangan...)
- LU'U trif dS lieu tg' dpng, dp chinh x^c cao.
- De dang van hanh, dieu khien, tmy xuat dij lipu.
He thong ket noi dang mo-dun d i d a n g tich hpp, md rpng.
- Bao dpng khi co thong so vypt ngyong.
- Lay m i u va bao quan m i u ti,f dpng khi co thong so vuqt ngy&ng.
- C6 Hp dat thiet b| camera dypc ket noi intemet de giam sat cira xa cua he thong xi>
ly nypc thai va lyu giii hinh anh trong vong 03 thang g i n nhat.
- Cho phep ket noi va dieu khiln tip xa vol SM' ho trp cua phin m i m va hp truyen nhgn dy lipu:
+ Ket noi vol may tinh tai cho cua phong dieu khien de lyu try dO lipu:
+ Truyen dy lipu ve trung tam bing giai phiip truyen thong khong day GSM/GPRS va chia se dCp lieu qua mpng LAN v^ internet. Niem phong vpt ly doi vdi CO c l u chinh cua hp datalogger ho§c phan quyen truy cpp (tai khoSn, m§t khiu).
2.2. Xiy difng mi hinh hi thing Dya tren y§u c l u thiet ke, Vipn Khoa hpc CPng nghp Mo x^y dyng hp thong quan trie nypc th^i ty dpng (ap dyng cho 1 trpm xi> ly nypc thSi) bao g6m cac thanh phin chinh sau:
1. Trgm quan trie chit lypng nyPc thai ty dpng (trong dp d$t tiJ quan trie tich hpp truyen thong GSM/GPRS ve trung tSm thu nhpn va xCp ly dy lipu)
2. CPc cim hiin do cac chi ti6u, thpng so theo ypu c l u .
3. Thilt bl liy mau ty dpng.
4. Camera giam sSt hinh Snh eCra xa S.Trpm dieu hanh trung tam giam sat cac trpm tip xa thong qua mang t_AN, Internet.
2.3. Cic thiet bj ciu thinh he thong 2.3.1. TO quan trie trung tim
Tu trung tSm dype dat ngay tai hien tryong, thyc hipn eie chCpc nPng chinh sau:
- Mau nype thai dype bom lien tge qua hai bom ehim (dype Ipp trinh PLC de dieu khien chpy luan phien) dypc dpt tpi d i u ra eiJa hp thing XLF ly nyoe thai va bom nyPc th^i vSo b l
chCra nypc d l do dac lien tgc.
Tat e l ePe thilt bi dype dpt ben trong tu giam sat d l quan ly tpp tnjng vP b i o quan trinh m i t eip, eung eac t i e dpng ti> b§n ngopi.
- T i t ea eac thiet bi do se xult tin hi0u analog 4-20mA tyong Crng de k i t noi vPi mp-dun hiln thi va lyu try dy lipu g i n trPn mpt tu giPm sat.
Vdi he thong quan trie nyoe thii t y dpng, eP the giam sat hau h i t cac thPng so danh gip chit lypng nyPc, gom cP: pH, nhipt dp, COD, TSS va ePc thong so dpc tnjng theo loai hinh theo yeu eau cua eo quan quan ly nha nypc eP thim quyen phe duyet bPo cao danh gia tae dpng mpi trypng, de an bao vp mPi tnppng chi tilt.
2.3.2. Cam biin do pH vi nhiit do - Cam biln do pH cP vo bao vi bing thpp
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Hinh 1. Mo hinh ciu true hg thong quan trie nudc
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KHCNM SO 1/2017* CO iHKN-TV DQNG HOA
Thbng tin khoa hpc cong nghe m b
Hinh 3. Cim bien do pH
TSS SwiMW VISoHd* 700 IQ
Hinh 4. Cim bidn do TSS
khbng gl cho thdi gtan su dgng Idu ddi trong mbi tn/dng.
- Su dgng cdc cong ngh$ tien tien nhu: xu ly tin hipu ky thudt so, tich hpp bp tiln khuech dgi tin hipu dipn cyc, cb khd ndng kiem soat chuc ndng c^m biln, cb bp nhd luu gia tri hipu chuan (cho phep hi$u chuan trong phbng thi nghiem).
tich hpp cdm biln do nhipt dp vd ty dpng bu nhi^t,...
-Ddi do: 2+12 pH -OO phdn giai: 0,01 pH
Cdm bien do pH dupc nhung trong thiing chua nudc chdy tran, dupc giu d vi tri thich hyp trong thiing chua bing gid treo. Cam bien lien tgc do chit lupng nLPdc trong thung va truyen dif lipu bdng edp tin hipu ve thiet bj luu tru du li^u tgi trgm.
2.3.3. Cim bien do ting rin la limg (TSS) - Nguyen ly do; tdn xg dnh sdng
- Ddi do 0,000+1000 g/l vdi khd ndng ty dpng dilu chinh ddi do phii hyp vdi mbi trudng do.
- Cua s6 do: Kinh sapphire chbng xudc, ddm
8&^
Hinh 6 Thiit bi do crom tong bdo dp chinh xdc cua phdp do.
Cam bien duyc nhung trong thung chua nudc chay trdn. duac giu d vj tri thich hap trong thiing chua bdng gid treo. Cdm bien iien tgc do chit luang nude trong thung va truyen dtf lipu bdng cdp tin hipu ve thiet bj luu tri> d u lipu tgi trgm.
2 3.4 Cam bien do COD/BOD
- Nguyen ly do: quang hpc, hap thg quang pho tu ngogi - khd kien (UV-Vis) budc sbng 200 - 720 nm.
- Chi tieu do: do d6ng thai cdc chf tieu COD, BOD. TOC.
Dai do: CODtotal: 0 + 800 mg/L BOD: 0 + 500 mg/L TQC: 0 + 500 mg/L
- Than cdm bien bdng titan, PEEK ben ngay cd trong mbi tru'dng nhiem mdn, cb chit Sn mbn, nudc thai b nhilm.
- Cua s6 do: Kinh sapphire chbng xudc, dam bdo dp c^hinh xdc phep do.
KHCNM-so 1 : o r • c o D l f ^ - T ^ DONG HO
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Thong tin khoa hgc c:6ng nghe mo
Hinh 7. Thiet bj do ham Hinh 8. Thiet bi do lugng mangan ham lutyng sit Cdm bien dupc nhiing trong thung chua nudc chdy trdn, dupe giu d vj tri thich hpp trong thiing chua. Cdm bien lien tgc do chit lupng nudc trong thiing vd truyen dtf lipu bdng cdp tin hipu ve thilt bj luu trtf dd lipu tgi trgm.
2.3.5. Thiit bj do crom tong
- Nguyen ly do crom tong: Do mdu, Oxy hbg vdi peroxidisolfate/diphenylc^rbazide.
- Kieu do: Theo chu ky. Khodng thdi gian gitfa edc i l n do cb the cdi ddt dupc.
- Ddi do: 0-0.1 tdi 20 ppm t6ng Cr.
- Tieh hpp phim b i m vd mdn hinh hien thj d6 hpa.
- Tich hpp s i n bam hiit mdu trong thiet bj do.
Miu dupc hilt tu thiing chua nudc trong nhd trgm.
- Ket qud do duye truyen bdng edp tin hi^u ve thilt bj luu trtf du lieu tgi trgm
2.3.6. Thiit bj do him lutyng mangan (Mn) - Nguyen ly do: Tao phuc mau bing phuang phdp Fomramldoxine vd so mdu d budc song 480nm.
- Dai do: 0-0.5/1.0/2.0/5.0/10/20/50 ppm Mn - Yeu clu thay the thuoc thu: 3/4 tuan. phg thuOc nhipt dO vgn hdnh.
- Tich hpp sin bam hut m i u trong thiet bi do.
Mau dupc hut tu thiing chua nudc trong nhd trgm.
- Ket qud do duyc truyen bdng cdp tin hipu v l thiet bj luu trtf du lipu tgi trgm.
2.3.7. Thiit bj do ham lutyng sit (Fe)
Hinh 9. Do luu lutyng kinh hd - Nguyen ly do: phd m i u bing axit, phdn dng tgo phLfc vdi TPTZ; so mau
- Dai do Fe: 0-2 hodc tdi 5/10 ppm.
- Thay t h i hba chat: 3/4 tuan phg thuOe nhi^t dO vdn hdnh.
- Phan cdng: PC 104 tidu ehuin cbng nghidp, tich hap mdn hinh hien thj.
2.3.8. Thiit bj do luu lutyng nu&c thii kinh hd
Do luu lupng nude thdi kenh hd sd dgng mang Parshall tieu chuin ciing cam biln do muc nudc vd thilt bj hiln thj luu luyng
2.3.9. Camera giim sit hinh anh Su dgng gidi phdp gidm sdt hinh dnh thbng qua camera IP cb tieh hyp tinh ndng 3G gdn trye tiep tren camera.
Ve mdt ky thu$t cbng ngh0, camera ndy vua dbng vai trb Id camera quan sat binh thudng, vua dbng vai trb Id bp xu ly trung tdm nhu m$t dau ghi luu hinh anh (su dgng the nhd SD) vd xu ly mgng 3G cho vide truyen tin hi^u hinh dnh qua Internet.
2.3.10. Thiit bi luu tru' du li$u, hien thj vi diiu khien trung tim (datalogger-)
Quin ly. hiin thj cic thdng s6 do. khi ning md rqng he thong:
- Cb t h i ket noi vd qudn ly tdi 20 d i u do. Khi can, cb the ket noi thdm cdc d i u do mdi md khbng dnh hudng tdi khd ndng qudn ly cua h$
thong.
- Cho phdp hiln thj trdn mdn hinh 1; 4; 8 thbng s6 eiing luc.
KIK NM so 1 2(ir • ( o nn:N .T^•DO^<; H O \
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghp m o
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Hinh 10 Camera IP tich hap 3G - Cho phdp xem dtf lieu do theo ngdy, tuan, thdng dudi dang do thj hodc dudi dgng danh sdch lipt ke.
- Cb the cai ddt hien thi hodc khbng hien thj thbng so do md khbng can phai thdo dau do.
- Tich hap truyen thbng dgng goi GSM/GPRS Chirc ning luu trir dir lieu do:
- Luu dtf li^u theo thdi gian thye vdi t i n suit cb the cdi ddt tu 1 phut den 60 phut. Thdi gian cua hO th6ng cb the cdi ddt dupc.
Chuc nang bao m$t he thong:
- Cho phep thiet ldp mgt khiu de bdo mgt hp th6ng va kiem sodt truy cdP a cdc cap dp ngudi diing khde nhau Moi c^p dO ngudi diing cb the thiet ldp mat khau rieng:
Mdc 1: Cho phep xem: Vdi muc truy cap ndy chi cb the xem dupc cdc thbng so hien thj tren man hinh. xem cdc gid tii luu trong bO nhd. sao luu dtf lipu.
Mue 2: Bdo dudng. Vdi mue truy egp nay ngudi su dgng cb xem cac gid tn do, sao luu du lipu, hipu chuin cdc dau do
Muc 3: Quan ly hp thong: Ngudi su dgng cb todn quyen de sd dgng cdc chuc ndng cua h$
thing: xem gid trj do. sao luu dd li$u, thiet lap lai clu hinh, hipu chuin, phdn quyen ngudi dung, thay d6i cdi d$t h0 thong.
Chdc ning canh bio khi cd thdng so vuqrt ngudng:
• Cb the cdi ddt canh bdo vupl ngudng cho
cac thbng so do tu cdm bien.
2.4. Truyin nhan dOlieu
Du lieu quan trde tai tram dupe truyen ve nai nhan dCr tipu theo tan suit ngudi diing edi ddt thbng qua mgng truyen dan vidn thbng khbng day (GSM/GPRS).
May chu dupe cai ddt phan m i m trung tdm se tiep nhgn, luu trtf dtr lieu td cde trgm quan trde. Thbng qua phan mem, dtf lipu 6u^c khai thdc de phdn tich. tong hap, bdo cdo.
Phan mem nhgn du lieu va hien thj dd lipu Id mpt Cmg dgng Webserver. Do db, ngoai hien thj tai nha dilu hdnh, tat ca cdc thbng s6 quan trde tu se dupc truyen len Webserver de cb the tnjy cap, theo doi tu xa thbng qua vipc tnjy egp Tai Khodn vd Mat Khau. Vdi ket n6i internet ngudi diing cb the truy cap thbng qua mdy tinh de bdn, laptop, mdy tinh bdng hay dipn thogi.
Giao dien ngudi dting tryc quan bdng tieng Vipt, dh sd dgng vdi edc thanh chdc ndng. Mb ta ehung ve hipn trang hp th6ng quan trde, truy van du lipu qua khu theo cdc chi tieu do vd thdi gian.... Du lipu dupe trinh bdy dudi dgng bdng bieu hogc do thi true quan de ngudi diing de dang theo doi vd quan ly.
3. Hieu qua mang lai tir viec ldp dgt hp thong quan trde nifdc thai t y dpng
Viec trang bi. ldp ddt hp thong quan trde nudc thai t y dpng cho cdc nhd mdy, khu cbng nghipp se mang Igi nhdng hipu qua sau'
- Giam sat lien tgc nong dp cdc chi tieu. thbng so mbi tnfdng nude thai trudc khi xa thai ra ben ngodi. Cdc gid tri gidi hgn cho phep cua cdc chi tieu, thbng so giam sdt duac tuan theo cdc Quy chuin: QCVN 4a/2ai1/BTNMT "Quy chuin ky thugt qu6c gia ve nudc thai cbng nghipp" (thay the TCVN 5945:2005)
- O l u tu cdc tram quan trde nude thai ty dpng cho cdc khu cbng nghidp vd cde doanh nghipp cb nguon thai Idn trong giai dogn ndy Id mpt gidi phdp hdu hi0u trong vi0e gidm sdt chit luang tai edc nguon thai, dam bao vipc quan trde hen tue, cb t h i ddnh gid dupc mdc db anh hudng cua nudc thai chua xu ly dgt tieu chuin d i n mbi trudng smh thdi, hgn c h l duyc ngu6n nhdn fyc trong qud trinh thanh kiem tra
- Tang cudng tinh chu dpng trong gidm sdt doi vdi doanh nghiep, ndng cao hidu qud cho
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KHCNM NO I : 0 I 7 * CODHN - T ^ l><.''^<' H O \Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghp mo
cong tdc quan ly mot trudng. Kip thdi eb cae bipn phap giai quyet/ung cuu khi cb cdc sy c6 xay ra.
- Tren ea sd vgn hdnh giai phdp mgng quan trde ty dbng dd xdy dyng. cdc doanh nghipp cb nguon thdi Idn, trang bi trgm quan trie ty dpng chat lupng nudc thdi vd hoan todn de dang ket noi vao he thong quan trie cua Sd Tai nguyen
& Mbi Tnjdng.
- Tram quan trie ty dpng cua tinh cb the ket noi vd chia se thbng tin vdi Trung tam quan trde cua Trung uang
4. Ket luan
Tren day. Vipn Khoa hpc Cbng nghp Mb - Vinacomin da de xuat phLfang dn, giai phdp xdy dyng "H$ thing quan trie nudc thai ti/ dong"
cho cae trgm xu ly nudc thdi. Mb hinh t6ng quat cua hp thong dya tren viec diing trgm quan trde nhdm thu thap cdc tin hieu tu edc cdm bien do
cdc thbng s6. cht tieu trong mbi tardng nudc thai. Tat cd cdc thbng s6 quan trie se ket nbi vdi bp truyen thbng khbng ddy GSM/GPRS d l tnjyen du li^u lien tgc ve tmng tam thu nh§n vd xd ly du Ii0u tgi Sd Tdi Nguydn & Mbi trudng.
Dong thdi, cde tin hieu cdnh bdcs vuyt ngudng cb the truyen dudi dgng tin nhdn SMS tdi s6 thue bao can thbng bdo./.
7a/ //pu tham khao:
1. Cbng vdn so 3660/TKV-MT (ngdy 04/8/2016) - Lip dit he thong quan trie ti/dgng nudc thai vi khi thai.
2. Nghi <?inh so 38/2015/NO-CP (ngdy 24/4/2015) cua Chinh phu - Quan ly chit thai va phe li$u.
3. QCVN 40/2011/BTNMT Quy chuin ky thu$t quic gia vi nudc thai cdng nghi$p.
4. Thbng tu so 31/2016/TT-BTNMT (ngdy 14/10/2016) v l "Quan trie phit thai ti/d^ng"
Establishment of the automatic and continuous waste water quality monitoring system for the units belonging to Vinacomin
\1Sc. l.v \ a n Hai, MSc. Nguyen Manh Cuong Institute of Mining Scient e and Technology - Vinacomin Summary:
.According to the Decree N" 3S 20I5/SD-CP issued by Mintsliy <>/ Natural Resources and Environment, the automatic and continuous monitoring sy.stem has to be installed for all emission sources of waste gas and water (with the disc haige capacity of more than 1,000 m-^/duy and night) and its data has lo he directly seni in the local natural resources and environment office. Vntler Vmacomin s conduct. Institute of Mining Science and Technology lIMSAT) has proposed the soluiinn-. for establishing the automatic and continuous wasle wafer quality monitoring si Mem for meeting the requirements of the issued regulations
KHC NM s o 1,2017 '(U DlfN - T^ DpNG HOA
