I LY LUAN PHE BINH
MSu nhd dBlnh Thanh
V§ hien tiFang cac nha 6* " X A N H "
cua cong ty Vo Trong NghTa Architects
TS.KTS Nguyin Tri Thinh TS.KTS Khult Tin HuTig
Mflt trong nh&ng hign tuyng nil bit trong b&c tranh kiln tnic nhi d giai dogn 2010-2015 l i mflt logt nhi d gia dinh gin vdi thuong hifiu
"Kiln true Xanh" cua KTS VO Trgng NghTa - trong dfi mflt s l eflng trinh da giinh duye cie giii thudng kiln true / blnh chgn kiln tr&c trong nude v i quic t l , duye quang b i rflng khap trfin cic phuang tifin thflng tin dai ehung Ggi dd l i nh&ng "hifin tuyng', vl trudc dd Vfi Trong NghTa d i gin t i n minh vdl nh&ng cflng trinh djch vu cflng cflng su dyng v i t lifiu tre / t i m vflng (mang thuang hifiu Gifl & Nudc - Wind & Water, hay
WnW), nay lgi tiln cflng vao ITnh vuc nha d v i khflng d&ng "vQ khi" tre / t i m vflng n&a Goi dd la 'hlin tuong" cQng vi nh&ng nha d nay dang khoi len nhilu lulng y ktfin trii nguoc nhau trong gidi ehuySn mfln eung nhu trong du luin XH - e i khen ngai v i phfi phin - v l nh&ng giai phip khfing blnh thudng / khfing gilng ai, dfli hoi mflt su nhin nh$n that su khich quan.
Cd thfi dilm qua nh&ng ngdi nha nhu vay - duye gidi thieu tren website chlnh thuc eiia Cfing ty Vfi Trgng NghTa Architects (xip thgg trinh ty thdi gian)'
Stacking Green (TP.HCM, thang 02/2011):
Cfing trinh duae xiy dung tren Ifl dat 80 m2 (4m x 20m) Dien tich sin 215 nf. Su dung cho gia dinh 2 t h i hfi, gom 2 vy ching {<40tuli) + me.
- Giai phip: Mat tiln v i mat hiu gom nh&ng ming BTCT tring cay nhd chgy ngang n i l 2 tudng bien, cd l i p he thing tudi ty dflng dung nudc mua (cfl b l oh&a). Mil nhittSng cd Myc dieh' Ching nang ndng, ching Inra fl nhifim khflng khlt& dudng phi.
52 Topchi
- Thdng gid t u nhlSn qua cac khe xanh tren m|t d&ng v i 2 gilng trdi (giua va sau nhi).
Theo mO ta eua nha thilt k l thi hiSu qua thflng gifl t i t nen khflng c i n d&ng d\du hda khflng khi, chl phi dign nang ehi -25 USD/thang (?).
GiaLai House (thing 10/2011) - Dge d i l m / tinh chit N h i llSn k l , Ifl d i t 280m^, difin tich s i n 510 m^.
- Phia trudc l i khu vye dfi xe rflng suit mat tiln 7m, ngan each giua ttln sanh va phflng khich vdi dudng phi. C i u tnic thdng thudng eiia 'nha Ing" (nhung kich thudc tdi 7m x 40m) duoe p h i cich vdi vich kinh ngan giua khoang s i n trong v i phdng SMC (thflng ting, kifim phong an) chgy cheo gdc t& trii sang phai, khiln cho 2 khflng gian niy d i u cd h1nh tam giic. Tudng dge 2 ben duye I p eae thanh da granite xe dat 4m dS phan xg anh sang tu tren eao chilu xudng hfing nha qua cac lam chin ning trfin mii.
Stone House (Ha Long, thing 02/2012) - B§c difim / tinh chit; Nhi d dflc lip (biet thu), dign tieh s i n 360 m= (?)
- Mat bing ed hinh xuyin khep kin, bao quanh mOt sSn trong hlnh Ovale. Mai tring eo doc din td t i n g 1 ISn ting 2. Tudng chju lyc xay bing cac vien da x i m / den gia eflng nhin, diy 10 em. Giao thflng trong n h i bang hinh lang bin bao quanh san trcng.
Low-Cost House (Ddng Nai, thing 6/2012) - D i e * l m / ttnh chit. Nha d cho ngudi thu nhip thip (cfing nhan), difin tich 18 m^ v i 22,5 m2. G i i thinh 3.200 USD/nhi
- T l i gian hda ch&e nang va trang t h i l t bi (khdng cfi WC, khflng ngin chia khfing gian, giudng efl t h i x l p lgi eho ggn hogc thinh b i n viit), sii dung v§t lifiu re t i l n d l g i i m gia n h i , chl phi v i n hanh t h i p do dung nang luyng t u nhifin.
Cdng trinh "House fo
Green Renovation (Ha Noi, thing 02/2013) -Dge dilm/tinh chit: Cai tao nha deu, dign tich sin 388 m^
- To ch&e cay leo trfin mit d&ng (bam theo hfi khung thay eho hoa sit v i hing rao bag vS - tieh khdi mat nha) va vudn trfin m i l (tting rau &
cay xanh) d l chfing ning v i ching ndng. Green Fall - eiy xanh chay tran t& trin mil xuflng,
Binh Thanh House (Tp.HCM, t h i n g 6/2013) - Dae dilm / tinh chit, Nhi liln k l , difin tieh sin 516 m^. Vj tri gin sflng S i i Gfln v i Thao d m vifin Su dung eho gia dinh "2 trong 1"
Ong b i (>60tull, theo loi sing truyin thing, ua ning gifl thifin nhien) va va chflng ngudi eon trai + chiu (theo loi song hifin dgi, ua dung eie thilt bj nhu dilu hfla khfing khi).
- Khdng gian sflng kilu hifin dai tuang ung vdt 3 ting ed Idp hoa BTCT d mat tiln (dl ehin nang v i tilt kifim nang luyng?), dan xen vdi khdng gian sflng kilu tmyln thfing l i 2 ting lip vich kinh cfl t h i md rflng (dl ddn ning gid ty nhien?).
S-House 2 (Long An, thing 4/2014) - Dgc dilm / tinh c h i t N h i d cho hfl gia dinh thu nh§p thip (d ndng thfln dong bang sdng Cuu Long), diin tich 33 m^ (4 gian).
Phuang ehim. Nhe nhing nhung bin v&ng, liu d i i nhung thieh hop, g i i thinh chi 4.000 USD/nhi.
- M l u S-House 1 dCing khung thep.
Mau S-House 2 diing khung BTCT t i l n c h l , vich bing v i t hfiu dja phuang ( l i dua nudc l i m vich, trin), m i i lap t i m Fibrocement (nhi d vung nhilu sdng nude nen ein gon & nhe d l d l dang v i n chuyin bing ghe, thuyen)
- Hifin nay dang nghiin cdu m l u nha S-House 3 (-28 m=) vdi khung tiln chl bing thep nhe, vich v i m i l d&ng t i m dan bing xi mang (hogc v$t lifiu khae); eae c i u kifin gon nhe (<60 kg), cfl t h i x l p trong mfit container ttiu chuin d l van ehuyin, lap dung bfl khung trong vflng 3 gid, Khfing cfl thflng ttn v l gia thanh
House for Trees (TP.HCM, thing 4/2014) - Die dilm / tinh chit: Nhi gom 5 khfli phfing hlnh hflp bing BTCT taeh rdi nhau, trfin khu dit difin tich 475 m' Gii thinh xiy dung 155,000 USD (?) Chgn giai phip b l eye phan t i n vl trong gia dinh cd ngudi b| t i m thin phan liSt{?),
- Trfin mil d l dit diy d l trflng eay Idn - vdi myc dieh gi& nudc, ching ngip lyt khi cfi mua (nlu i p dyng trin difin rflng), tra lgi ciy xanh cho dfl thj (nhim giii quylt vin nan dfl thi qui thilu ciy xanh, khflng khi bj fl nhilm vl khfli bui).
Vi nh&ng eflng ttinh niy duye tfln vinh, duye quing b i nhu mflt hgng muc "Kiln tnic xanh", nfin ttudc hit d n duye nhin nhin mflt cirfi khach
5 4 Tapctii
quan theo cae tifiu chi Kiln tnic xanh (eua Hfii KTS Vifit Nam) / tieu chl Cflng trinh xanh (ciia Hfli dfing Cfing ttinh xanh Viet Nam - VGBC) v i rflng hon n&a la cic tieu chi eiia Kiln trCic ben vung (tinh Bin v&ng ve Smh ttiii, vfi Van hfla - Xa hfii v i v i Kinh t l - Ky thuat) Cd thfi thiy cac cfing trinh diu su dung nhung nguyen tic ea ban va phfi biln cua kiln tnic xanh (trfing cay / CO tten mil, chin ning cho mat nha v i thfing gifi qua sin ttong / giing trdi), nhung efl tie dyng din mue nio thi ehua duoe kilm ch&ng cy thi Mgt khia canh khic cin duoc danh gia l i kha ning ung dyng cic giai phip nay d l dat duac hieu qua Idn hon, trSn pham vi rfing han.
cho eflng dflng va toin xa hfli - nhit l i vdl cac tSlf' Idp ngudi dan cd thu nhSp thap.
Vific dinh gia bing cich cho diem theo bS eflng cy LOTUS-R (diing eho Nhi d) can du'atrSn nh&ng thdng tin thtit k l cg t h i v i cfl le nen ddnh cho eae ehuySn gia cd kinh nghiim ciia VGBC, Thilt nghT ban thin eic t i c gia cung nfin gut hi so dfi duye eip Ch&ng chi Cdng trinh xanh bdi nipt trong s l cae he thfing danh gii cfi uy tin qulc^^- nhu LEED (My), BREEAM (Anh), Green Star(Ocl CASBEE (Nhat) hay Green Mark (Singapore) - thi s&e thuylt phuc se cao han rit nhilu (khfing t # vl ly do gi m i mfit ngudi rat thanh thgc viSc PR nhu Vo Trgng NghTa lgi bd qua dtlu niy?)-
Xet theo eie tieu chi Kien true xanh cua Hfli KTS Vigt Nam thi thiy:
Tieu chi v l Dja dilm bin vung: Cic nhi d gia dtnh d i u phu hop vdi quy hogeh duoc duyfit tai eie khu din eu (neng cie miu nhi gii re cho ngudi thu nhap thip thi chua cd dia dilm cy thi). Tuy nhien, v l m i l quan he vdi canh quan thi khfing miy hfia nhgp ma lufin cfl su tuang phan / khie biet so vdi xung quanh - tren thyc t l eic cdng trinh nay lufin dap vao mit ngudi qua lgi vi su khic thudng cua hlnh thdc b i n ngoai CQng chua thiy rfl muc dfl ung phfi vdl thifin tai hay vific tham gia bao ve, phue hfii v i ning c i p mfii trudng tai dia dilm xay dyng - v i n d l niy phg thuflc r i t nhilu v i o y l u t l quy hogch v i kha nang ung dung giai phap trong pham vi rfing, m i dilu dfl Igi mau thuin vdl tinh c i bifit v l hlnh thdc ( v i xet theo tteu chi ve tinh Xa hdi - Nh§n van thi khd efl t h i duye chip nhin).
Tieu chl v l Su* dung tai nguyen va nang luwng: C i c nha d gia dinh su dyng nhilu vat llfiu t y nhiSn ( d i , gfi), trong khi eic m i u n h i g i i re lgi su dyng nhilu v i t lieu nhan tao (thep, bS tdng, t i m lap,.) V i nguyfin tic, cac v i t lieu
gfi, d i „ than thiin vdi ngudi su dung nhung vific khai thic chCing cfi t h i gay tac dfing mfli trudng d d[a phuang khae; cic vat ligu kinh, thep,.. ed thfi duoc tai su dyng nhung tieu tdn nhilu rang luyng d l san xuit va tai c h l Hieu qui ttit kiSm ning luang trong qui trinh su dyng ngfli nhi cOng chua duye kilm dinh cy t h i . Khdng cfl thdng ttn v l viec su dung eie cdng nghe / thilt bi / v i t lieu xanh (VD: pin mat trdi, tilt kiim nude, kinh nang luong thip,,) cung nhu viec quan ly hifiu qua mfli trudng trong qui trinh xiy dyng va van hanh (ddi hoi ngay td khiu thifit k l da phai su dung phin m i m mfl phong d l tinh toan va kilm nghiem - VD' Ecoteet / Vasan dfi kilm tra hifiu qua nang luyng), Cae m i u nha gia re cho cfing nhan khOng tinh d i n kha nang ghep nfii / xay dyng 2-3 t i n g nen sfi chifim dung nhilu d i t Khflng rfi vl sao Vfl Trong NghTa khfing tilp tgc khai thic vat llfiu tre r i t sinh thai va d l tai tao cho nha d - ehi thiy tre xuit hien trong mlu nha gii re cho efing nhin (nhung vdi each th&e khflng khic gl c i l cfli) v i d House for Trees thi ehi cdn d i u v l t cua cop pha tre trfin mat tudng bS tflng
Tieu chi vfi Chit luong mdi truong trong nhi: Td chuc khflng gian kiln tnic v i ngi thit tflt, dan gian, rd ring, sing siia v i thoang dang, dat hieu qui v l thi giic Giii phip mat tiln eung phli hop vdi cic nguySn ly ehung v l Idp vd bao ehe cua kien tr&c sinh khi hiu, tuy nhiSn cin xem xet them su tuang thich vdl eie dilu kifin vi khi hiu trong nhi - vl du cfl t h i anh hudng din kha nang thfing gifl neu ddng cua lgi d l ngan tilng I n (d Stacking Green), ngan bui (d House for Trees), hoic tudng d i se gay hiSn tuyng nim / dpng suong do do I m khdng khi cao (d Stone House) Cung d n xem x i t ca sy phu hyp vdi muc dich sir dung cic khflng gian - vl du d Blnh Thanh House hinh thdc dan xen 3 ting efl lam bfi tflng ehin ning v i 2 ting vach kinh Idn khfing dung vdi su phin lip khflng gian cho eic lli sdng hifin dai v i truyin thing giua cac t h i he trong nhi? Rteng vdi eSc mlu nha d gii re thi vat lieu v i ciu tao bag chg (lam vach, lap mii) cd phin con dan gian, mdng manh, khdng gian lgi thilu ehilu siu {ldng nha ehi khoang 2,5-3,0 m) nen vi khi hgu trong nha chie chin bi anh hudng nhilu bdi dilu kien mfii trudng bit lyi bfin ngoai {ndng / lanh / i m / byi / In,.).
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Cong tnnh Nam An Relreal Babylon
Tieu chi vfi Kiln trlic tien t i l n v i cd ban s i c : Mlu nhi gii re eho cfing nhin cfi t h i dip
&ng duye nhu c i u s& dyng {an d, sinh hoat) a m&c toi giin c&a cie c i nhin / gia dinh nho, tuy nhien ehua d l xuit duye glil phip quy hogch trong trudng hap xiy dyng hang logt (cdn thilu cie hgng myc WC, phg try, hg ting,.) Kiln tr&c cic ngfli nhi khic cd sy t i n tien, nhung rit khfl ndi cii g! l i bin sic - cd chang la mflt cam giie "lg m i quen" do thay dli cich th&e si> dung nhOng v i t lifiu quen thuflc. Mdi thay efl nhung khflng gian {Space) dgp mit, sing sua v i chau chult nhung efl phin khO khan, lgnh liing - m i ehua thiy duye khflng khi am ciing cua noi ehOn (Place), khflng cam nhgn duye hai thd eua cufic sing hing ngiy {Everyday Life), Vific bao t i n v i phit huy eic gta tq vin hfla (ylu t l t i m Imh / tin ngudng, t i p quin thd cflng t l tien, t h i &ng xu, nh&ng kiing ki v l phong thuy.), t i m ly v i nhu c i u ciia ngudi cao tuli / ngudi bfinh tgt trong gia dinh chua duye quan tim.
Die bifit l i vin d l hifiu qua kinh t l - x i hfli cin phil duye nhin nh§n mflt cich rit nghiim tflc nh&ng ngfli nhi d cd gii hing ty dong, rflng hing tram m^ nhung hifiu suit su dyng khflng cao, chi phfl hyp vdi nh&ng gia dinh khi gia cfl mdc thu nhip sung t&c, cfln nh&ng miu nha nho
°re liln" ma cfl gii tdi 70-80 tneu dong thi ngudi efing nhan / nflng dan ngheo lam sao efl t h i lo ligu duoc Phai ehang dd l i gia d l chio hang vdi cac nhi diu tu / doanh nghigp? Va m&c gia cdng b l 3.200-4.000 USD dudng nhu l i eung nhim tdi thj trudng xay dyng nudc ngoii ch&
khflng hudng tdi dong bio trong nude?
Tieu chi v l Ttnh xa hdi - nhin van b i n vQng: Nhu da ndi d trfin, nh&ng hlnh th&e khae thudng din m&c tuong phan vdi xung quanh thi chie chin khflng t h i ggi la bilu hifin su hfla nhgp vdi mfli trudng nhan van Con ngudi binh thudng ai cflng muin khing djnh sy dflc l§p tu chu, song chic chin khflng phai la su khu bifit / biet lip Cfl t h i nfli trong nh&ng trudng hop nay khia cgnh ca nhan / nhu cau neng tu cua ChQ nha d i duye oic KTS eudng dieu hda d i n m&c k|eh tinh v i miu thuin - gi&a eii nhin ra t&
bfin trong v i eii nhin thiy d ben ngoii. Khd ndi duoc d day cd cii gl ddng gflp cho khflng gian ehung / dap ung nhu ciu van hda va tmh thin cua cflng ding? Mgt hifin tuyng khflng blnh thudng cfl t h i tgc sy to mfl quan tam nhit djnh, sgng nlu khflng cfl ehung mye v i kfic dii ma khflng duye giai toa thi lai gay nfin su &e chl, bdc bli. Dilu dd ly giii tgt sao cie cfing trtnh niy cfl t h i duac blnh chon v i khen ngai nlu chi
nhin t& xa / qua anh / qua mgng, cfin vdi nh&ng ngudi tlip xiic hing ngiy thi lgi cfi cam nhan hoin toan khae Cd t h i ndi khflng qui ring danh tilng thi nha thiet k l duye h u d n g , ^ dilu tilng thi d l nh&ng ngudi d Igl ginh ohjij,
D i n day da efl t h i nit ra duae vii nh|n ^ bude diu v l nhung hifin tuang "nhi d xanh" cija Cdng ty V6 Trpng NghTa Architects - va phin nio ly giai duac tgi sao ehung Igi cfl thfi trd thit^
nhOng "hifin tuang" nil dinh dam nhu vfiy?
- Trudc hit, xet ti> gdc dfl Sinh thii / B6n vung thi cic giai phap thiit k l khflng cfl xull phit dilm rd ring, khflng xae djnh bii toan cu t h i cin duac giai quyit ve mfli trudng khi hgu/
nhan van, do do eOng khflng cd s l lieu d l kilm chdng / dinh g i i tinh hifiu qua Cfi thi thiy \i kiln true ngfii nhi d c i p dfl vi mfi dang duoc dflng (nhu la mflt cflng ey vgn nang) dl giai quylt nh&ng v i n d l vT m l cua x i hfli vi mSi trudng, bing nh&ng giai phap cfl tinh nguyen t i e ehung n h i t - m i khdng neu ra mflttnltlj/
tieu chl thilt k l , hay (t nhat eQng la mflt tuyen ngon cho eich ttep can cd tinh hfi thflng.
- Chlnh vl v i y ma ngudi thilt k l khfing di s i u v i o ban ehit / gflc r l cua Kiln tnic xanh m i chi d l cap mflt sfl trudng hyp / hifin ticgng nfing le - tde la chi dyng eham din viing ngoai vi / v&ng giao thoa gi&a mflt bfin l i cic ITnh vifc Kiln true (tinh thIch dyng, ttnh thim my, tinh sing tgo, tinh tu tudng) vdi bin kia l i cic vin d l Xanh / Smh t h i i (mfii trudng, vi khf hfiu. kmh tfi / ky thugt) - d&ng hon l i dflng ylu t l cua bSn nay d l glai quylt v i n d l cua bfin kia Tuy nhiSn dd Igi la cieh di rit khin ngoan, vl vflng giip ranh lufin l i hinh lang tuang dli "an toin' do khflng phii chju sy kilm soat tryc tilp bdi cac chi ttiu / tifiu chuin / quy phgm cua bfin nao, cflng it phai quan tam din sy chi phli bdi cac y l u to t i e dflng ph&e tap t& bfin ngoai - t&c la it bj dieu kifin rang buflc
- Cai khfln ngoan cfln t h i hifin d chS ngifiJi thilt k l da kheo bilt t i n dyng su lich lgc ^^
thilu kilm soat cua mli trudng kiln trflc - 36 thi hign nay nhu i i mflt bli eanh Ifln xfln d l lam nln / d l khulch dgi nh&ng giai phap don gSn
a>nf;liinh STONE HOUSE (nhung khflng phai l i ea ban) eho nhung v i n
d l ph&c tgp m i thyc t l dang gap phai Trong bit canh ehung cua thdi ky q u i dfl - khi mgi yeu tfl d i u dang vgn dflng / chuyin hda m i chua cd ^nh hudng / k i t qua rd ring - thi each d&ng phan d l d l phu d|nh c i i dang cfl, r i i lai phu dinh eai bl phu d|nh, se dfi duac xem la d&ng din, l i sing tgo v i doi mdi m i bd qua su mau thuin vdi thyc tifin.
Cull c&ng, l i ldi d i p cho eiu hoi v l kha nang van dung cic giai phip niy ngO hiu dat duac hieu qua ldn hon / ting t h i hon cho su phit triln I n dmh v l mfli trudng, vfi kinh t l v i xa hfli. Ro ring l i d eae edng trinh kiln trflc ndi trfin ed nh&ng y l u t l sing tao nhit d|nh trong tao hinh v i ngon ng& bilu hifin - song ed phin cyc doan v i duy ly (cd le do anh hudng bdi each nghT eieh lim c&a ngudi Nhit - tfl' khi VO Trpng NghTa tu nghiip d bfin dfi cho d i n nh&ng cfing su bay gid) nen khfl ndi la phfl hap vdi s l dflng ngudi VlSt v l tam ly, v l nhu eiu cung nhu v l quan nifim t h i m my. Va nlu nhu ch&ng duae xem l i nh&ng hlnh mlu x&ng ding d l hpc tap r l l duye nhan rflng ra khip nai - thi chae la difln mgo kiln tr&e dfl thj se mit di ve pheng phfl / smh dgng m i trd nen thfl thiln v i dan difiu Trfin phuang difin xa hfii, nh&ng "hien
tuang" nhu v i y - cung vdi su gfip s&e thii qua eua truyin thflng - dang lim cho nhan thue eua eflng dflng v l Kiln true bin vung bi sai ifieh, l i m cho i n tuyng v l Kiln true xanh phin nio trd nen xa Ig d i l vdi ngudi din
Xet riing t& gde dfl nhin van, thi cd mflt cam nh§n ding tile v l su phin hfla / khu biet hfla cfl phin cyc doan trong each tifip can thilt k l . Y l u t l gia dinh dang bi chia taeh thinh t&ng c i t h i - khiln eon ngudi trd nfin nhat nhfia, lac lOng nhu nhung nhin vat "bit die dl cfi mat"
trong ngfli nhi, khien gia dinh trd thanh °ly tan"
ngay trong t l i m cua chlnh minh. Gia dinh d Binh Thgnh House efl 3 t h i hfi - thi mOi t h i hfi d mfit ting tieh bifit Gia dinh d House for Trees thi bj xe le, mfli ngudi bj diy vao mfit gflc nfing. Cdn gia dinh d Stacking Green thi khiln ta ehgnh ldng khi hfin tudng din nh&ng cau tho eua Chfi Lan Vien
'Mdnh vudn treo edy mii ngay mdi xanh Ba me gia tdc moi ngdy mdi bac Hai ta dtren ldu 'cdng tac"
Cd bao gid cung trd lai ngdy xua"^.."
Tuy nhifin, x i t tren goe dfl cfla tiln trinh phit triln thi kifin tr&c eOng ein nh&ng thu nghiem nhu t h i - D I t&ng bude ttip can kiln true xanh va kiln tr&e bin v&ng IO
