KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
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T H U Y SAIXI HilEIXI B A C V l f T IXIAIVI
Nguy§n Hfiu Nghiap D 5 Mmh Phuong^
T6MTAT
Nghi&n cuu tac dong cua bidn ddi khi hau ddn nganh nuoi trdng thuy san doi hoi cdng tac l^p ban do hi6n trang nudi trong thuy san va xay dung m6 hinh danh gia tac dong cua bidn ddi khi hau den nuoi trong thuy san tai midn Bac Vifit Nam. Hfi thdng ban do hien trang nudi trdng thuy san nam 2013 cua 13 tinh, thanh thudc mien Bac Vift Nam da duoc thanh l^p bang phuong phap vidn tham xu ly anh ve tmh SPOT-5, kdt hpp didu tra thuc dia va dng dung h& thdng thdng tin dia ly (GIS) trong phan tich khong gian. Cac kdt qua phan tich cho thiy co 4 loai hinh nuoi trdng thuy san phd bien tai midn Bic Vi6t Nam bao gdm (1) nuoi long tr6n bien; (2) nudi nudc lg; (3) nuoi nudc ngpt; va (4) nuoi bai trieu. Trong do, 4 tinh cd dien tich NTTS ldn nhat la Quang Nmh (23,1 nghin ha), Thanh Hoa (19,5 nghin ha), Ngh^ An va Hai Phong (15,5 nghin ha). Day 1^
hf thdng ban dd sd mdi nh^t cho toan midn Bdc Vi6t Nam vd hifn trang nudi trdng thuy san. Khong nhung ^ ddng bo vd thdi gian thanh lap, thdng nhat bang phan loai va miic do chi tiet, bo ban dd cdn &aoc ghfp manh va quy chuin theo hfi quy chidu qudc gia. D& lifiu ban dd cho phep nhanh chdng thdng ke dien tich va theo doi phan bd mat nudc nudi trdng thuy san midn Bdc, hd tro hifiu qua cdng tac quan ly va Isip kd hoach. Ben canh do, dinh dang sd cdn cho phep cdc ban dd co the dfi dang dupc cap nhat, bd sung, ddng thdi, xuat ban dudi nhidu hinh thiic (in an, dang tai trfin web) mot each linh hoat.
Tit khoa: Nudi trong thuy san, viin tham, GIS, ban dd.
1.DATVAN0E
Nudi tidng thiiy san (NTTS) trong rtiiung nam vira qua da cd nhieu phat trien v i ddng vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi kinh te Viet Nam. Ddn nam 2011 sin lupng NTTS cua Vifit Nam dat 3 trieu tin. Muc tifiu phat hidn NTTS den nam 2020 Vifit Nam sfi dat sin lupng 4,5 tnfiu tin, xuit khau 5,5 ty USD va tao cfing an vific iam cho 3 trieu lao ddng (Pham Anh Tuan, 2012).
Mac du nganh NTTS cd nhidu ddng gdp cho ndn kinh te qudc dan, tuy nhien NTTS cting gap nhung van dd b i t cap nhu phat tridn tu phit, thidu quy hoach, din ddn nhiing khd khan trong thi trudng va cac difin bien xiu vd mfii tnidng, dich bfinh da anh hudng true tiep den nang suit, san luong, chat lupng va thu nhap. Trong cdng tac quan ly, nganh NTTS ciing cdn thieu nhiing cdng cu, phuong phip hiiu hifiu dd quan ly. Mdt trong nhirng cdng cu cdn tiiidu do la quan ly he thdng nufii tidng thuy san bang co sd dii lieu (CSDL) khdng gian. Mac du hifin tai Sd Ndng nghiep va Phit trien ndng thdn (NNPTNT) cic tinh deu xay dyng bin do hien trang, ban dd quy hoach NTTS va quan ly tren cac phin mem GIS nhu Trung tam Quan trac Canh bao Moi tnidng va Phong ngua Dich benh Nuoi trfing Thuy san miSn Bic. Vi6n Nghien ciiu Nuoi trong Thuy san I
^ Trung tam Viln tham va GIS, Vien Quy hoach va Thiet ki Ndng nghiep
Mapinfo, MicroStation, ArcGIS nhung do cdng ngh?
va phuang phip xay dyng ban do chua ddng bd nen phan ldn ban dd dtroc xay dung chua chinh xac, it thdng tin va tinh chia se khdng cao. Didu nay d^
den nhieu b i t cap, khd khan trong vific quan ly, quy hoach phat trien, v i chi dao sin xuit.
Hmh 1. Khu vyc nghifin ciiu (13 tinh/thinh) Vin dd dat ra la cin cd nhiing phuong phip x4y dyng ban do ddng bd de xay dung mpt hfi thdi^
CSDL khdng gian cic khu vyc nudi trong thuy SSB phuc vu hieu qua cho cdng tac quan 1^. CSDL ai^
khdng nhung phuc vu cho cdng tac giam sit tinh hinh phat tiidn NTTS ma cdn hd trp cho cdng tac quy hoach va didu tiet thi trudng. Ung dung cdiffi nghfi vifin tiiam vdi tu lieu anh vfi tinh SPOT-5, nhoffi 116 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2014
CCHOA HOC CONG NGHfi tic gii da xay dung thanh cdng bd ban dd hifin trang
NTTS cho 13 tinh, tiiinh midn Bic nam 2013. Vdi thdi gian 6 thing tiiyc hifin, cac bin do mang tinh thdi sy rat cao, kip thdi phuc vu cdng tic thdng kfi va quan ly s i n xuit.
1.1. Khu vuc nghifin ciiu
Dy an chu trpng ddn 13 tinh thanh thupc ntidn Ble Viet Nam bao gdm Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Vinh Phuc, Ha Nfii, Bic Ninh, Hii Duong, Hung Yfin, Nam Dinh, Nmh Binh, Thanh Hoi, Nghe An, Hai Phdng, H i Nam. Day la cac tirtii cd nghe NTTS phat trien, ddng thdi ddng gdp nhieu vao sin lugng tiiuy hai san tieu thu trfin toin mien Bac.
1.2. Cdng nghd vi^n thim v i GIS iing dung cho nginh NTTS
Vifin thim va GIS ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng trong vific thuc hien cac cdng vific vd dia ly va khdng gian trong quin ly v i phat trien nhidu linh vuc, trong dd cd NTTS. Cac cam bidn tu ve tinh, miy bay, mat dit, dudi dat thu rihan hau hdt sd Ufiu vd hien trang sic dung dit, nudc va cac ydu td lien quan nhu nhiet do, tdc dd ddng chay, dp cao cua sdng, mat dp clorophyl (chat diep luc). GIS dupc sir dung dd luu tru, phan tich dfi hfiu khdng gian va dii hfiu thudc tinh tli nhirng ngudn khac nhau. Nd cdn dupc su dung dd tao ra cac ban dd, bing bidu, CSDL phuc vu cho cic tien trinh ra quydt dinh Games McDaid Kapetsky, 2007). Vifin thim va GIS cd nhidu tidm nang trong vific quan ly ben vung nghd nudi tdm tiidng quan vific phan tich nhidu du Ufiu khic nhau de dua ra cic tifiu chi ben viing. Day l i nhirng van de cdt ldi trong viec quan ly va phit tridn bdn vung dac bifit vdi nhting nudc dang phat tiidn noi ma hiu hdt dfi hi tdn thuong do mdi trudng xudng cap (Rajitha et al., 2007). Sy kdt hgp giiia cdng nghfi giam sat mat dit va ve tinh vifin thim khdng chi l i cich lua chpn duy nhit dd quan trac, dinh gia khoa hpc va dy doan nhirng thay ddi vd he sinh thai va mdi trudng cua vimg. Day cung chmh la kfinh phit tiidn cd he thdng cho vific sd hda be mat trii dit va thu nhap dii Ufiu khoa hpc da ngudn (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010).
Xay dyng b i n dd v i quan trie he thdng nudi trdng, khai thic thuy sin ven bien li mdt van dd quan trpng ciia Chinh phii bdi vi nd se dua ra nhiing thdng tin co ban nhat phuc vu trong tien trinh ra quydt dinh phu hpp cho nghe c i bao gdm luat, quy Jinh, bao ve mdi trudng va thu thud. Didu nay cd thd lat dupc vdi dd chinh xac cao va tin suit lap thudng
xuyfin ne'u su dung vfi tinh vifin thim, cdng cu cho phdp chiing ta quan sat mdt khu vuc rpng ldn, thirdng la khd tidp can, chi phi cao neu theo each khao sat hTiydn thdng. Trong mdt sd tiirdng hgp, thdng tin thu dugc qua vfi hnh vifin tham la duy nhit vi khdng cd cich nao cd thd thu thap dupc thdng tin ngoai cich dd (TravagUa, 2004).
Vifin tiiam va GIS khdng chi iing dung dd xay dyng bin dd hifin trang NTTS ma nhiing phan tich ve thiiy ly (nhifit dp nudc be mat va chit rin lo lung) tir ve tinh SeaWiFS va MODIS va nhung du Ufiu dp sau chi ra ring khoang 74% (1139 km^ cua vimg bidn Nam Hokkaido phu hpp cho nudi rong bidn.
Mdt nghifin aiu khac cung tic gii cung sit dung vifin tham vi GIS trong viec xac dinh khu vuc phu hpp cho nudi Difip d cimg Idiu vuc nudi trfin da chi ra 56%
difin tich tidm nSng vdi do sau it hon 60 m cd didm phil hop cao nhit (Radiarta et al., 2008). Ngoai anh vifin tham sir dung cam bidn quang hgc thi anh radar khiu do tdng hop (RAR) tir ve tinh RadarSat-1 cung da dupc sir dung dd xac dinh vi tri cua cic didm dat ludi c i bien cd dinh (day bien) hoac long ca tren bidn d Vinh Thai Lan va cac loai ludi va long khac nhau cd thd xac dinh dupc tu ddng qua cac diu hifiu khic bifit (Szuster et al., 2008). Cam bien anh sifiu quang phd
^yperspectral) di ddng mat dit ciing da dupc iing dung dd xic dinh mat do clorophyl-a (Chl-a) trong ao nudi thuy san. Anh sifiu quang phd cd the dung dd udc lupng ham lupng N vi P (Abd-Elrahman et al, 2011).
Vdi nhiing nghifin cihi hoac cdng vific cln xay dung bin do cd ty le viia hoSc thap chung ta cd thd sir dung he thdng i n h mifin phi cua vfi tinh Landsat 7, 8. Vdi nhiing ban dd yfiu cau ty le cao thi vific sir dyng nhung anh vfi tinh cd dp phan giii cao nhu SPOT-5 hoac IKONOS la can tiiidt. Dd xac dinh he sinh thai cu thd d Vinh El Bibane, nam d phia nam Tunisia gin vdi bifin gidi Libi, inh vfi tinh SPOT-5 va Ikonos da duoc sir dung de xay dyng nhiing ban dd cd dp chinh xac cao (Vela etai., 2008).
Tai Viet Nam r i t nhidu iing dung cua vifin tham va GIS cho lap ban do hien trang, quy hoach NTT'S, ciing nhu cac iing dyng dd phan tich khdng gian nhiing vln de lifin quan. Ngoai ra cung da cd rlt nhidu nhiing dng dung dd nghifin ciiu vd cic hfi smh thai phyc vu cdng tic quan ly tii nguyfin. Nghifin cuu tai 2 diem tai Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh v i Tidn Hai, Thai Binh dd danh g i i thanh cdng cua Ramsar su dung 4 ydu td: 1) tdng didn tich rimg ngap man, 2)
^ONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2014 117
KHOA HOC CONG NGHfi
p h a n m i n h rimg n g a p m a n , 3) m a t d p c a y r i m g n g a p m a n v a 4) difin tich N T T S , d a c h i r a R a m s a r C o n v e n t i o n d a k h d n g l i m c h a m s u p h a t tridn c u a N T T S ti-ong v u n g n h u n g d i e n tich rimg n g a p m a n d u y h i k h d n g t h a y d o i la d o c d s y b d s u n g t r d n g m d i (Seti) a n d F r a g k i a s , 2007).
2. PHUONG PHAP
2.1. Phuang phap vidn tham
Nghifin cuu su dung 31 anh vfi tinh SPOT-5 nam 2012, dp phan giii khdng gian 10 m va 2,5 m de phuc vu cdng t i c thanh lap ban do hifin trang nudi trdng thuy sin 13 tinh, thanh trong vung nghien ciru cua dy an. Cac anh ve tinh duoc nan chinh hinh hgc bac 3 sir dyng md hinh sd do cao (DEM) thanh lap tir ban do dia hinh ty ifi 1:25.000 lly ngudn tit Bp TN &
MT vdi sai sd trung phuong RMS n l n chinh hinh hoc tdi da 0,45 pixel cho mdi canh anh. Tuy nhifin, dd xac dinh muc dich sic dung cua tiing loai mat nudc, dac bifit la loai hinh NTTS trfin dd, cac cudc didu tra thuc dia dupc tidn hanh nham xay dyng bd du Ueu giai doan inh v i kidm chiing kdt qua.
2.2. Cdng nghd GIS tix>ng xay dyng CSDL khdng gian v i lap ban dd
Nghifin ciiu da sir dung GIS - mdt cdng cu tdng hop dupc su dung trong cdng tac bifin tap CSDL khdng gian de xay dung b i n do hifin trang NTTS tai cac didm nghifin ciiu. Cac kdt qua phan tich anh ve tmh dupc chuyen ddi sang he thdng GIS de thyc hifin cdng tac xic dinh muc dich sii dung trong NTTS cua timg ddi tupng mat nudc. Du Ufiu khdng gian vd hifin trang NTTS dupc xay dung vdi rihieu tnidng thdng tin khac nhau, cho phep tidn hanh cac phep phan tich, chdng ghep thdng tin. Ben canh chuc nang thanh lap va bien tap ban do, hfi thdng GIS cdn dupc sic dung nhu mdt cdng cy phuc vu vific quan ly thong tin khdng gian cua du an ICA.
2.3. P h u a n g p h i p d i d u t r a i i n g d y n g c d n g nghfi d i n h vi t o i n c i u G P S
x a c d m h m y c d i c h s u d y n g t r o n g N T T S c u a t i m g loai m a t n u d c k h a c n h a u la m p t t r o n g n h r n i g c d n g viec r i t p h i i c t a p v a ddi h d i d a u t u l d n vd n g u d n l u c v a tat c h i n h . O n g d u n g c d n g n g h e d i n h v i t o a n c i u (GPS) v a hfi t h d n g d i n d u d n g t n r c t u y d n , s u d u n g b a n d o dia h m h t r e n n e n a n h vfi tinh, n h d m c d n g t i c d a n h a n h c h d n g x a y d u n g d u p c c i c b d k h d a giai d o a n a n h c h i tidt v a t r y c q u a n . D a y l i b p t u Ufiu q u a n tiong vd k h u v y c N T T S d u g c d i e u ti-a, b a o g d m c a c t h d n g t i n n h u t p a d o d i e m d i e u t r a , m d t i b a n g v a n b a n vd loai h i n h N T T S v a n h i e u a n h c h u p t h u c
td. T a i m d i d i e m l i y m i u , m a y i n h c d g i n tiiidt bi d i n h vi G P S d u p c s u d u n g d d g h i lai h i n h a n h cie k h u v u c N T T S . S a u d d c a c a n h c d g i n t p a dO n ^ d u p c x u 1^ v a d u a v a o h e t h d n g k h d a giai doan & i t r u e t u y d n c u a d u a n . N g u d i d i m g c d t h d ti-uy c|pvilo C S D L t r u e t u y d n a n h d i e u t r a t h y c dia c u a d u an ICA dd t i m h i d u c a c k h d a giai d o a n a n h n i y . H e thdng k h d a g i i i d o a n c h o p h e p n h d m nghifin ciiu du an d a n h d i u c h i n h x i c t i m g loai h i n h N T T S trfin cic dS t u p n g m a t n u d c k h a c n h a u t a c h r a tii vific phan loiii a n h vfi tinh d b u d c t r e n .
2.4. P h u o n g p h ^ c h p n d i & n vk c h p n m l u didu tra Nghifin ciiu s u d u n g k d t q u a giai d o i n m a t nuoc t d i n h vfi tinh d d k h o a n h v u n g k h u v u c NTTS tr&i c a n , k d t h p p k i e n t h u c v i k i n h nghifim b a n dia cua chuyfin g i a v a s d hfiu t h d n g kfi N T T S ciia cac tinh, t h a n h m i e n B a c t r o n g v i e c x a c d i n h s o b d khu vuc nufii l d n g va b a i t n d u , tir d o l u a c h p n v i t r i cac dilm d i e u t r a . D d i v d i p h u o n g p h a p vifin t h a m , sd luong m l u d i e u t r a i t n h i t p h a i n h i d u g i p d d i s d lupng mau d u p c Sli d u n g d d g i i i d o a n . T d i t h i e u 50% lupng mlu d i d u t r a n l y sfi d u p c d u n g t r o n g vific I d e m dinh k^t q u a giai d o a n n h a m t a n g tinh k h a c h quan oia p h u o n g p h a p .
K d t q u a d i e u t r a t h u c d i a t a i 13 tinh, thanh n g h i e n c u u c h o tiiiy c d 4 loai h i n h N T T S phd bien n h u s a u : (1) n u d i l o n g trfin b i e n ; (2) n u d i n u d c lo; (3) n u d i n u d c n g g t ; v a (4) n u d i b a i t r i e u . H e t h d n g chii giai c u a b g b i n d o hifin t r a n g N T T S c i i n g d u g c thanh lap d y a trfin k d t q u a d i d u t r a n i y .
3.KFrQUAniGHfiUCUU
3.1 X u I t a n h v d tinh S P O T - 5 p h u c v u x l y d p g b a n d d N T T S
P h u o n g p h a p p h a n loai i n h vfi t i n h c d kidm dinh {supervised classihcati'on) d u g c a p d u n g n h i m chil t i c h y e u t d m a t n u d c v a k h u v u c b a i tridu tifin to^
v u n g nghifin ciiu. C a c i n h v e t i n h SPOT-5 sau khi d u o c n a n c h i n h h i n h h p c t r y c g i a o (bac 3) vdi sai s&
t r u n g p h i r o n g 0,35 p i x e l d u p c p h a n loai d e tich ta k h u v y c N T T S n u d c n g p t v i n u d c l a . K h u v u c NTT?
b a i t n d u d u p c p h a n loai tiieo p h u o n g p h a p ban 0;
d d n g , k e t h p p p h a n loai c d k i e m d i n h v i h i e u chinh d i r d n g bifin b a n g p h u o n g p h i p s d h d a k d t h p p kirfi n g h i e m d i e u t r a t h y c d i a . D d i v d i m d h i n h nudi.4 l d n g t r e n b i e n , nghifin ciiu k h d n g t h e hifin vi tii cic l d n g n u d i t h e o t g a d d t i m g d i d m m i tiidng q u a l d # s i t t r u e tidp b a n g t i u d e k h o a n h vi k h u v y c co nM d o l d n g n u d i ldn v a d n d i n h t r o n g n h i d u n a m qua.
U S NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/201^^
wMOA HOC C d N G N G H t
3.2. Ban d i h l ^ trang NTTS nam 2013 cho timg tinh, thanh bang phuong phap phan loai C4c ban <16 NTTS nam 2013 ciia 13 tinh, thanh anh viSn tham kit hop di^u tra thuc dia va so hoa nien Bic Viet Nam da dugc thanh lap g ty le 1:25.000 hieu chinh.
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2 4.'.*- ^«3 1 „ . f'— -r^-dr
IHinh 2. BO bSn d6 NTTS dc tinh mifo BSc Vidt Nam d ty 161:25.000
JONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2014 119
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
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Hinh 3. Ban dd hifin ti-ang NTTS TP Hii Phdng nam 2013 Bd ban dd hifin trang NTTS 13 tinh, thirtii mien
Bic thd hifin cic khoanh vi mat nudc thudc 4 loai hinh NTTS phd bidn trong khu vuc. Gin Hdn vdi timg khoanh vi l i bin ghi thugc tinh cua khoanh vi trong he thdng ca sd dii Ufiu ban dd, trfin do luu trii cac thudc tinh co bin nhu loai hinh NTTS, dien tich, chu vi, don vi hinh chinh cip xa, huyfin va tinh. Cic thdng tin nay rat hiru ich cho cdng t i c thdng kfi, lap
bao cao cung nhu trao ddi dii Ufiu giiia hfi thdng bk do GIS v i cic phan mem thdng kfi, bang tinh khic.
Cac ban do dugc thanh lap ddng bd vd phuong phip phan loai, ty le, miic do chi tiet v i he thdng lii6i chidu toa dfi dia ly. Trfin c a sd 13 ban do thinh phk, ban do hifin trang NTTS tdng hpp cd thd duoc bifin tap va tdng quat h o i mot each nhanh chdng.
3.3. Xic dinh didn tich NTTS nam 2013 Bang 1: Di^n tich nuoi trong thiiy san nam 2013 c^c tinh, thanh mi^n Bic Tinh/thanh
Bac Ninh Hai Phong Quang Ninh Nghe An Hai Duong Ha Nam Ha Noi Hung Yen Nam Dinh Ninh Binh Thai Binh Thanh Hoa Vinh Phiic
Nuoc ngot 5086 5221 2603 12273 7818 4784 11216
1998 1787 1775 4153 7691 3878
Nuoc lo 9084 18511 2589
6008 3462 4872 8542
Nuoi long 340 1315
235 422 235 1371
Bai trilu 764 670 693
5285 1788 905 1982
Don vi: hecta (ha}
Tdng 5086 15409 23099 15555 7818 4784 11216 1998 13315
7447 10165 19586 3878 120 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/20W
yOiOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE Sd Ufiu thdng kfi difin tich cac logi hinh NTTS
nam dupc tdng hpp bang cdng cu GIS, trong dd chia ra 4 loai hinh NTTS ca ban la thuy san bai hieu, thuy san nudc lp, thuy san nudi ldng va thuy sin nudc ngpt (Bang 1).
Sd lieu phan tich thd hifin 4 tinh/thanh cd tong dien tich NTTS ldn nhit la Quing Nmh, Thanh Hda, Hai Phdng va Nghfi An. Hau he't cac tinh ven bidn deu duy tri 4 loai hinh NTTS phd bidn, nfing Nghe An khdng cd thiiy s i n nuoi long trfin bidn do dieu kifin til nhifin it phu hpp. Difin tich NTTS nudc nggt ldn nhat tap trung a 3 tinh, thanh l i Nghfi An, TP Ha Nfii va Thanh Hda, trong khi dd, NTTS nudc lp ma chu yeu la tdm the chan tring tap trung nhieu tai Quang Ninh, Hai Phdng va Thanh Hda.
Ddi vdi loai hinh NTTS nudc ngpt va nudc lp, dien tich thdng kfi dya tren khoanh vi cua hai loai hinh nay tren bin do ket qua. Vdi hinh thiic nudi bai hieu, phin thdng ke dupc tinh tir khu vuc dudng bd tdi sat khu vuc mep nudc khi thiiy trieu nit. Rieng loai hinh nudi ldng tren bien, difin tich dugc thdng ke theo khoanh vi khu vuc nudi long.
4 . THAO LUAN
Ung dung cdng nghe vifin tham, GIS va dieu tra thyc dia, cic ban dd hifin trang NTTS nam 2013 ciia 13 tinh, thanh midn Bac Viet Nam da duoc thanh lap d ty le 1:25.000. Ket qui phan tich cho thiy cd 4 loai hinh nudi trdng thuy sin phd bidn tai mien Bac Vifit Nam bao gdm (1) nudi long tren bidn; (2) nudi nudc Ip^ (3) nudi nudc ngpt; va (4) nudi bai trieu. Trong dd, 4 tinh, tiianh cd dien tich NTTS ldn nhat la Quang Ninh (23,1 nghin ha), Thanh Hda (19,5 nghin ha), Nghfi An va Hai Phdng (15,5 nghin ha).
Nhirng ke't qui cua viec ling dung cdng nghfi GIS, vifin thim v i GPS trong thanh lap ban do hifin tiang NTTS 13 tinh, tiianh midn Bac Vifit Nam da cho thiy tinh uu viet cua phuong phap vd thdi gian, 3d chinh x i c va kha nang tiep can ngudn tu Ufiu cung ihu khu vuc cin lap ban dd. Cdng nghfi vifin tham :ho phdp str dung anh ve tinh dd phan giai cao dd ihanh chdng thanh lap ban dd bang phuang phip ihan loai tu ddng. Nhd dd giam dang kd thdi gian hue hien so vdi phuang phap do ve truydn thdng.
\/lat khic, phuong phap nay cd uu diem vupt tidi ve cha nang lap bin dd tai nhiing khu vyc khdng the idp can dupc bang phuong phap thdng thudng (bai ay, ngoii khoi).
Su ket hpp cua 3 cdng nghfi tien tie'n la vifin ham, GIS v i GPS cho phep nhdm cdng tic nhanh
chdng didu tra xay dyng bd khda giai doan, thanh lap ban dd v i kiem dinh kdt qui cung nhu xay dyng bg ca sd dli hfiu khdng gian phuc vu cdng tic quin ly va didu hinh sin xuat. Vdi dinh dang dir Ueu sd, vific cap nhat ban dd trong nhiing nam sau ciing nhu cdng tic phan tich du Ueu cd tiid duoc tidn hanh thudng xuyen vi thuan tien. Kha nang trao ddi thdng hn, dii hfiu, hmh anh va kdt qua phan tich ciing dugc hd trp tdi da.
Bp bin dd hifin trang NTTS cic tinh, tiiinh midn Bac la mdt tu hfiu mang tinh thdi su cao nhd ring dung cdng nghfi tifin tidn trong thinh lap. Nhiing thdng tm vd hifin trang va difin tich NTTS se la ngudn du lifiu tin cay phuc vu cdng tac quan ly va quy hoach NTTS. Tnrdc anh hudng cua qua trinh bidn doi khi hau, nhirng thdng tin GIS nay cdn ddng gdp vao cac md hinh phan tich va du bao tac dpng, hd trp hoach dinh lau dai vific phat trien va khai thac ngudn lai thuy sin cua qudc gia.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
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KHOA HOC C d N G NGHfi
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2008. Detecting and Managing Coastal Fisheries and CAOT^ tdixm duQC cam on Da an Tic ddng cm Aquacultiire Gear Using SatelUte Radar hnagery. bidn ddi khi hiu vi cic 0ai phip tiiich ung an toh Coastal Management 36, 318-329. ^inh hoc cho nudi tidng tbiiy sin tai miin Mc Vi^i 9. Travaglia, C , 2004. Mappmg coastal Nam (ICA) di tao diiu kidn thuan lai cho nhdm c6ag aquaculture and fishenes structures by satelUte tic hoin thinh nghiin ctm niy.
APPUCAnON OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE TO AQUACULTURE AREA MAPPING IN NORTHERN VIETNAM
Nguyen Huu Nghia, Do Minh Phuong .'nummary
The study on impacts of climate change to national aquaculture requires mapping aquaculture systems and building an impact model for aquaculture in Northern VielBam. Existing aquaculture maps in 2013 of 13 provinces, cities in the Northern Vietnam have been compiled using an integration of GIS, GPS survey and remote sensing image processing with SPOT-5 imagery techniques. According to analysis results, four popular forms of aquaculture practices in the Northern Vietnam are mapped, including (1) marine cage; (2) brackish water; (3) fresh water, and (4) tidal mollusc. In which, Quang Ninh (23.1 thou. Ha), Thanh Hoa (19.5 thou, ha), Nghe An and Hai Phong (15.5 thou, ha) are the four provinces with largest areas of aquaculture. This is the latest set of aquaculture maps for northern Vietnam. Not only unified m terms of date, classification system and generalized criteria, the map set is also projected in the same coordmate system. TTie digital format aUows to rapidly summarize arcrage of different aquaculture systems, as weU as to monitor changes. Further edit, update, or pubUsh can be implemented using this GIS maps. The results show an outstanding advantage of using RS and GIS to construct aquaculture spatial database such as accuracy and time/cost/labor saving. Although, these are the primary results of the research, it needs more time for the research team to vaUdate the accuracy of the outputs by field survey and statistical data of the provinces.
Keyword; Aquaculture, remote sensing, GIS, map.
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Nguydn Quang Hgc Ngiy nhan bai: 12/6/2014
Ngiy thdng qua phin bidn: 15/7/2014 Ngiy duyfit dang: 22/7/2014 Dinh chinh:
Bai bio: ^^ Nghien cmi da dang shih hoc cdn tiimg tidn mdng lua tai Can Thd'' tac gii: Nguyen Vinh Phiic, Luong Mmh Chiu, Nguyfin Thi Hiiu, Pham Kim Ving, dang Tap chi Ndng nghifip va PTNT sd 21/2014, tiang 31-37. Nay xui dinh chinh lai: Pham Thi Kun Ving.
Thanh that xm ldi!
Nhdm tic gii
122 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2014
