(phAplu4tod.3UMha. 8610 (331)-2019
, « ^ ^ . . « ' . . ' ' « HI .* - 3, - j ^MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE BAO HO QUYEN SO HOU CONG NGHIEP DOI V t i NHAN HIEU TRONG THIAING MAI DIEN TUf
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I ThS. T R A N T H | THANH HUYfeN •
Tdm tdt: Bdi viet phdn tich mgt so vdn de /)5 lugn ve bdo hg quyin sd hiru cdng nghiip doi vdi nhdn hilu tmng ihuang mgi diin tu. Qua dd, giup edc nhd hogeh dinh chinh sdeh ed nhirng edn cir ly lugn di thiil ki cde chinh sdeh ve nhan higu phii hgp, gin lien bdn chdt die thii eua thuang mgi diin tir.
Abstract; This article analyzes some theoretical issues on the protection of industrial property rights of brand in e-eommerce. Thereby, helping policymakers have theoretical bases to design appropriate brand policies, associated with Ihe specific nature of e-commeree.
1. Bio h$ quyen sd hfiu cing nghifp dii vdi nhdn hifu
Theo Ti ehde Sd hflu tti hig Thi gidi (WIPO), thi nhan higu la bit ky dau hifu ndo co khd ndng phdn bigt hdng hda hogc djch vy cua doanh nghiip nay vdi hang hia, djeh vy eua eac doi thu egnh tranh khde'. Ci thi noi, nhin hifu chinh Id gidi phip gidp ngudi liiu dilng nhgn dign duge ehinh sdn phdm, hang hoa cda nha sdn xuat.
Cl Vift Nam, theo khodn 16 Diiu 4 Lu^t Sd hflu tri tui ndm 2005 - sua dii, bi sung ndm 2009 (sau ddy ggi Id Ludt Sd hflu tti tui), dii nhdn hiiu Id ddu hiiu ddng di phdn biit hang hda, djch vy cua cac ti ehde, cd nhdn khac nhau. Nhdn hifu dugc bdo hp niu ddp dng ede diiu kifn nhu: (i) Ld dau hiiu nhin thiy duge dudi dgng ehfl cdi, til ngtt, hinh vi, hinh dnh, ki cd hinh ba chiiu hodc sy kit hgp cae yiu ti dd, dugc ttii hign bdng mgt ho^c nhiiu miu sdc; (ii) Cd khd ndng phdn bift hdng hod, djeh vy eiia chd sd hflu nhdn hifu vdi hdng hod, djch vy cua chu Ihi khde (Dieu 72 Lu|lt Sd hflu tri tuf).
1.1, Khdi ni^m bdo h$ quyin sd hdu cdng nghifp dii vdi nhdn hi^u
Cd ba eo sd triit hgc ve bdo hi quyin sd hthi tri tuf (SHTT) thudng dugc nhic den Id quan diim vi quyen ty nhiin (eua John Locke), quyin ty do sdng tgo (cda Emmanual Kant vd George Hegel) vd quan diem vj lgi coi quyen SHTT Id phuong tifn (utilitarianism cda Jeremy Bentham). Quan diim vj lgi hay cin ggi Id chd nghta cing lgi, chd nghta niy cho ring hdnh ding tit nhit Id hdnh ding dgt dugc mit cdch cao nhat nhflng gi duge eho la hflu ieh.
Gin vdi quyin SHTT, quan diim vj lgi cho ring quyin SHTT Id phuong tifn giup can bing mit m$t Id nhu eiu sdng tgo d nhdn, mjt khdc la nhu ciu phi biin tiling tin vd tiip efn tiling tin. Quan diim ndy hifn nay dang dugc su dyng d nhiiu quic gia ttin tiie gidi hung vifc xdy dyng phip ludt vi sd hflu tti hif (MJf, Anh, Phdp...) vd d ed Vif t Nam, khi xdy dyng chinh sdeh, phdp luft vi sd httu tti tuf nhdm ttidc diy sy tiin bi khoa hgc cing nghf, ddm bdo hdi hda Igi ich cua ehu ttii quyin sd hflu tai hif vdi lgi ich cing cfng. Cdch tiip cfn ndy dugc tdc
(phap U14I od Xinh il 8610 (331)-2019
gid cho Id hgp ly, khi xem xet vigc bdo h i quyen SHTT ein nhin ttong ting the moi quan hg lgi ich cua chu the quyin sd hflu vdi lgi ich cua toan xa hgi. Nhu vdy, dudi gdc d i triit hgc, vife bao h i quyin SHTT ndi chung, quyin sd hflu cong nghifp (SHCN) doi vdi nhdn hifu ndi riing. Id bdo hg thdnh qud sy dau hi (tti tuf, cua cdi, cing sdc...) eiia ede chu tiii quyin sd hull d i i vdi nhdn hifu d i tao nen sy nhdn difn cho chinh sdn pham, djch vy eua nhd sdn xudt.
Dudi gdc dg kinh t i hgc, bdo h i quyin SHCN dii vdi nhdn hifu gidi quyit vin d i mdt edn bdng tiling tin giiia ngudi mua - ngudi bdn, bio vf lgi ich cda ehu thi sin xudt kinh doanh vd ddm bdo cho ngudi ban yen tam ddu tu vdo ehat lugng vd danh tieng sdn phdm.
Hifn nay, khi nghiin cdu v i bdo hg nhdn hiiu cd thi dugc hiiu ttieo hai nghta. Theo nghta ring, bdo h i quyin SHCN dii vdi nhdn hiiu bao g i m ba nii dung: (i) Trinh ty vd thu tye xic Igp quyen; (ii) Ngi dung quyen cua chu sd hiiu; (iii) De cgp din vife xu ly cde hdnh vi xdm phgm quyin. Tuy nhien, trong phgm vi bai viet ndy, tdc gid de cgp den vifc bdo h i nhdn hiiu theo nghia hgp, ehi bao g i m nhflng van de lien quan din ttinh ty vd thd tyc xac Igp quyin vd nii dung quyin cua chu sd hflu. Vin de ve xd ly cac hdnh vi xdm phgm quyen, nam trong ngi dung cua bdo v i quyin SHCN dii vdi nhdn hifu.
1.2. Nfi dung quyin sd him cdng nghifp tii vdi nhdn hif u
Quyen sd hiiu dem lgi cho chu sd hiiu ba quyen ndng: Chiim hihi, su dyng vd djnh dogt. Quyin SHTT noi chung, quyin SHCN d i i vdi nhdn hifu noi rieng Id quyen doi vdi doi tugng v i hlnh, nen quyin ndng chiim hflu v i mdt vdt chat se khing ttie c i dugc. Quyin ndng djnh dogt phy ttiuge khd
nhieu vao quyen nang sd dyng, cd thi su dyng nen c i the djnh dogt, sd dyng thi ndo thi vigc djnh doat thudng sS tuong ung. Diiu ndy cho thdy, phdn tich quyin ndng sd dyng d i i vdi quyin SHTT noi chung, quyen SHCN doi vdi nhan hifu ndi riing cho phep hieu day du vd todn difn nhdt v i bdn chdt sd hflu cua quyin SHTT^. Nhu vdy, ngi dung ciia quyin SHTT ndi chung, quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu noi rieng bao g i m quyin ndng su dyng (thing qua cac dfc quyin su dyng) vd quyin djnh doat.
Thdr nhdt, ve quyen sd dyng nhan hif u: Day dugc xem Id mit ttong nhihig quyin ndng quan ttgng nhdt cda chu sd httu nhan higu. Ben canh do, chu s i huu cin CO quyen chuyen quyen sd dyng doi vdi nhdn hifu. Diiu ndy dugc hieu ring, trong thdi gian bio hg, chu sd hfhi nhan hifu cd quyen chuyen quyen sii dyng nhdn hifu cho ngudi khdc. Chu sd hflu c i dfc quyin sd dyng nhdn hifu, dong nghta vdi vife hg co quyin cam ngudi khac su dyng nhdn hifu.
Thii hai, v i quyin djnh dogt nhdn hifu: Chii s i hflu nhdn hifu cd quyin djnh dogt dii vdi nhdn hifu. Theo nii dung ndy, djnh dogt quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu dugc hiiu Id vifc djch chuyin quyin SHCN td m i l (hodc nhieu) chu tiie ndy sang mft (hodc nhiiu) chd the khdc hogc Idm mit di quyin SHCN d i i vdi nhdn hifu dang dugc bio hg cua chu sd hihi nhan hifu. Ben canh dd, chd sd hflu nhdn hifu ed quyin lhi chip, su dyng quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu de gdp von Idnh doanh, tiidnh Ifp doanh nghifp.
2. Moi quan hf gifia bdo h$ quyen sd hihi cing nghifp d i i vdi nhdn hifu vik thinmg mil difn td
Hifn nay, sy phdt triin ciia thuong mgi difn td (TMDT) s5 gdp phan diy nhanh vin de nhgn difn nhdn hifu cda edc doanh nghifp khdp mgi noi tten ttii gidi. Do vgy, d i tfn dyng toi uu cde gidi phdp
I Ddn ChCi & Phdp ludt
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httu ieh cua intemet, eac doanh nghifp dd dua vao cic website - bg mdt cua cing ty ttin nin intemet nhflng dtt lifu dgng, h i ttg cic giao djch gifla ngudi mua vd ngudi bdn vdi mye dich cuii cimg Id tii uu hoa Igi nhufn tot nhdt. Chmh diiu ndy dd ddt ra vdn di mdi, co h i i mdi cho doanh nghifp trong vifc quing ba hlnh dnh, thuong hifu, sdn phim, dich vy ciia minh mit cdch tot nhit. Tuy nhiin, trong TMDT, do ngirdi lieu dung each xa v i mdt dja Iy, khing gian so vdi nha cung cip san phim hang hoa, nin vifc in dau mgt nhdn hif u dd dugc biit den trong tii nhd ngirdi tiiu dung Id diiu rdt quan trgng.
Vdi khodng cdch do, khieh hdng dudng nhu khing ci CO hii thiit lip tiep xue ed nhdn vdi ngirdi bdn vd sdn pham hole xem xet k^ edng sdn phdm va djch vy ttirdc khi mua chung. Cho nin, vifc Iya chgn sdn phdm dya ttin cac nhan hifu ed uy tin, hay dd dugc biit din, dudng nhu Id mft ttong nhflng yiu to tiin quyit dnh hudng din vifc ra quyet djnh mua hdng cua ngudi tieu ddng. Hiin nay, khdeh hang ttiing thudng cd xu hudng ttung thanh vdi san phim, hdng hda gdn Iiin nhan hiiu minh thudng hay sd dyng (sy mrag thdnh thuang hifu), tiifm chi cdn huyin mif ng v i sdn phdm nhan hifu d i . Nhu vfy, vdi sy phdt ttiin cda TMDT gin liin vdi edc m i hinh kinh doanh ngay mgt sdng tao, ding nghia vdi vifc ngdy edng ghi diu sy hifn difn cia nhdn hifu vdi vai ttd ehi ddn ttiuong mai, hudng dan ngudi tiiu dung den noi xudt xd, eung cip hdng hia sdn pham dd. Diiu nay cho phep djt ra nhiiu van d i liin quan din vifc bdo hg quyen SHCN dii vdi nhdn hifu ttong TMDT, mit mdt vda khuyen khich vd bdo ddm c^nh ttanh e i n g bdng gifla edc nhd sdn xuit, bao vf ngudi tiiu ddng, mdt khdc phdi linh din sy phit n i i n cda TMDT.
Bdn chat eua gidi phdp quyen SHTT ndi chung vd quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu noi riing Id tgo
ra khd nang kiem soat theo luat djnh dii vdi vife pho bien thing tin thong qua vigc eip d e dgc quyen phdp Iy cd gidi han. H i tiidng quyin SHTT la phuong tifn gidp cdn bdng gitta mgt mdt Id nhu cau sing chi va sdng tgo, mgt khdc Id nhu eiu phi biin vd tiip cgn ttiing tm. Vdi chdc nang xde djnh nguin gic hang hda, djeh vy, ddm bao chat lugng, hf thong nhan hifu la hinh dnh khing thi thieu ttong qudng d o ttuyen thong cua doanh nghifp. Trong khi dd, quyin SHTT liin quan din chi dan thuong mgi nhu nhdn higu duge phdt triin vdi tu each rngt gidi phap cho thit bai thj trudng do thing tin bdt cdn xung, vi the cd thi ding tin tai cimg cgnh tranh Idnh m ^ . Ap dyng cae ly thuyet ndy ttong mii trudng TMDT, tdc gid cung sd dyng cdch tiip cdn "ttung dung" dugc ung hg bdi mit lugng ldn d c hgc gid eho ring, trong mii tammg kjr tiiuf t si, gdn vdi cac hogt dgng kinh doanh tiiuong mgi tryc hiyen, bdn ehat vd edc nguyen Iy cua hf ttiing SHTT vin khing ttiay dii nhung d n d nhttng diiu ehtah hgp ly d i hf ttiong nay tgn dyng dugc nhttng co hfi vd doi phd dugc nhflng ttiich ttidc mdi md cong nghf dem lai vd d e diiu chtah nay phdi phu hgp vdi dieu kiin kinh te - xd hii cua tdng quic gia.
Vifc cac chu thi cua hoat dgng TMDT hieu rd vd c i trdch nhiim vdi viic bdo vf quyen SHTT nii chung, quyin SHCN cua chu sd hflu nhdn hifu nii riing, gdp phdn khing chi tao niim tin cho ngudi tiiu diing vdi sdn phdm hdng hia djch vy, md tgo niem tin cho chinh hogt dgng mua ban cung ung hdng hda, djch vy qua TMDT. Qua dd, gdp phin lam tilde diy sy phdt ttiin cua TMDT, thuc diy sy sdng tao cde m i hmh kinh doanh dp dyng cing nghf mdi, nhit Id ttong tiidi ky Cdch mang cong nghifp 4.0, vdi xu hudng intemet kit nii ygn v f t Thyc t i hifn nay, l i t nhiiu ngudi tiiu ddng mua phdi hdng gid, hang nhai, hdng kim chat lugng
fphdp. Iu4l ad Xinh tl S610(331)-2U19
thing qua edc website eua TMDT. Do vfy, niu chinh cde ehu ttii cung cip mii trudng eho hogt ding TMDT nii tren tudn thu cac chmh sach v i bdo v i quyin SHTT, SHCN doi vdi nhdn hiiu cua eie ehu 80 hihi, hgp tdc vdi edc chu thi quyin ttgng vifc logi bd vifc xdm phgm nhdn hifu hodc Nhd nudc e i nhttng biin phip ngdn chdn vd ddy lui ede hanh vi xam phgm trin, thi s i thue day sy phdt ttiin TMDT mit each nhanh ching.
Noi tim lgi, sy phdt triin eua TMDT si ldm dnh hudng din vife phdt ttiin, md ring khd ndng nhgn difn nhdn hifu eda doanh nghifp, nhd sdn xudt.
Ngugc Igi, bdo vf quyen SHCN dii vdi nhdn hifu dugc thyc hifn tit hung TMDT, thi lgi Ich ciia chu sd httu dugc bdo vf, niim tin cho khach hang, ngudi lieu dimg doi vdi doanh nghifp, niim tin cua khach hdng dii vdi hogt ding TMDT dugc tdng cao vd thuc ddy sy phdt hiin cia TMDT. Tuy nhiin, di phit trien hai hda cd TMDT va bdo vf quyin SHCN dii vdi nhdn hifu, cin tinh din vifc dam bdo sy cdn bdng Igi ich cho cd hai vin di ndi tten. Vife md ring vd bdo v i thdi qud vin di ndo cung ldm dnh hudng ngugc lgi din sy tin Igi va phat triin cua yeu to eon Igi. Niu chii ttgng phdt biin TMDT, khing tinh din bdo vf quyin SHTT, til! si din din sy xdm phgm lgi ieh cua edc chu thi quyin, dnh hudng din sy lao ding sdng tgo cua edc chu ttii quyin SHTT, Igi ieh ngudi tiiu dimg. Niu chi bdo vf quyin SHTT, SHCN vdi nhdn hifu, khing ti'nh din sy phi cgp vd phdt ttiin thing tin, giao djeh difn hji, dnh hudng din sdng tgo ede mo hlnh giao djch TMDT, khong khuyin khich sy phit Biin cua TMDT, anh hudng sy phdt triin vd tiin bi xd hgi, con ngudi.
Do vgy, can nhin nhfn sy phdt tiiin cua TMDT, sy ghi diu vd phdt ttiin cua nhdn hifu hang hia, djch vy tagng TMDT li tit yiu vd can co sy bdo hi cua Nhd nudc dii vdi ea hai vin de trin, sao eho vda
ttiue diy sy phat triin cda TMDT, vua bdo vf quyin va lgi ieh hgp phap cua cde chd ttii quyin SHTT ndi ehung, SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu ndi rieng.
3. Nhihig viin d l phdp 1^ cv bdn lien quan din bio h i nhdn hifu trong thuong mgi difn td
3.1. Ve ddng ky ten mien
Mgt van de thu hut nhiiu sy quan tdm la moi quan hf gitta nhdn hif u vd tin miin (domam name).
Mil website dugc djnh vj trin tateroet bing dia ehi intemet cda minh. Bin egnh ehde ndng la dia chi mtemet, cde tin nuin cin ed chdc ndng xdc djnh eac doanh nghifp hay cde hang hoa hodc djch vy tarin mtemet^. Nhttng die diim nay dem Igi gid trj kinh ti rit Idn cho tin mien. De dim bdo vifc djnh vj sdn pham ttiong nhal trong ttii gidi ttiyc vd ttii gidi do, cde ehd sd hiiu nhan hifu luin e i mong muin Id sd dyng d c nhdn hifu dd ddng ky cia minh ldm tin miin. Tuy nhiin, vifc md rfng quyk d a chd sd hiiu nhdn hifu vdi edc dja chl intemet dudng nhu s i mdu thuan vdi nguyin tie "ddng ky trudc, xit cip trade". Do vgy, vin di tranh chip nay sinh khi c i ngudi su dyng, vgn hdnh ttang web d ten mien nhung khing phdi Id ngudi sd hflu ten miin ho^c nhdn hifu tuong ty nhu tin miin. Liic ndy, ngudi ddng ky tin miin d ttii chiim gifl ten mien de tryc Igi td cac ehd the lien quan hodc chiim gitt tin miin di khing cho dii ttiu c ^ tranh ddng ky duge hode sy dyng tin mien di. Khi chiim gitt tin miin, d c chu thi ndy d n d ttii kit hgp xdy dyng nhttng n i i dung bit lgi cho dii did cgnh ta'anh ttong d c thing tin la ngi dung eua ttang web d dja chi tin miin dd ddng ky... VI vfy, vin di CO bdn ddt ra vdi nhdn hifu ttong hogt ding (Bog ky tin mien chmh Id can phdi xdc djnh co chi phip Iy di bdo h i nhdn hifu ttong phgm vi mii tnidng TMDT, ngdn chdn vin di ttanh chip vi phgm nii ttin. Nhflng yiu to ndy cd ttii Id lya chgn ludt ip
I Ddn ChCi & Phdp ludt
'Phdp.bidlaaXinha 8610 (331)-2019
dyng dieu ehinh tiling nhat vdi nhdn hifu vd tin mien, vdn de vi md ring phgm vi quyin cda ehu sd hflu nhdn hifu ttong mii tradng do vd ttiyc. Theo quy djnh phdp lugt quic ti va phdp lugt sd hflu tti tuf d mgt si quic gia, thi vifc sd dyng mgt nhdn hifu ci ttie Id diiu kifn di ddng ky hoae Id duy tti vifc dang ky. Vgy niu nhu su dyng nhan hifu ndy ttong ttiuong mgi difn hi thi ci thia mdn cac yiu cdu do hay khing? Niu tiida mdn ttii cin phdi ttlim nhflng diiu kifn ndo, ngogi If nao? Cic nhdn hifu ding nhit hay hiong ty ci ttii dugc sd hflu bdi nhflng ngudi khdc nhau d eac nudc riing bift Do do, vifc sd dyng edc nhdn hifu nhu vdy ttong TMDT bdi mit hay nhiiu ngudi sd httu cd thi din din xung dit Nhu vgy, thi hi thing ddng ky nhdn hifu dya ta:en Idnh ttii hifn nay ei du thich hgp cho dij ttuong tryc hiyin phi biin gidi dang nii lin hay khing? vin di xdc Igp quyin dii vdi nhdn hifu trong mii tairdng intemet ddt ra nhu ttii ndo di viia dim bio quyin cua chu sd httu nhdn hifu vijra bao vf quyin Igi cua ngudi tieu dung?
3.2. vin diphdt sinh trong thmmg mfi difn lir liin quan den vifc cung cip moi tnrdng cho hoft dfng thmmg mgi difn li
Liin quan din vifc cung cap mii ttydng cho hogt ding TMDT, ei ttii ki din ngudi mii gidi difn tti. Ngudi mii gidi diin hi trong mii trudng TMDT (ttie digital middleman) cd ttii Id mil dng ty hodc mft hdng viin Uiing bin mgng intemet, tgo ra mgt mii tradng lam vifc trin mgng (ciia hang difn Hi do, bang web qudng do...). Mit si nba mii gidi difn hi lgi hogt ding nbu Id nhd ddu gid hay nhu m$t "chg trdi" noi eac nhd buin dua cac qudng cio hang hda lin va ngudi mua dau gid chiing. Ddy Id mit trong nhom chu thi hifn dang tham gia hogt ding TMDT, hg chinh Id edc tiiuong nhan, ti chuc cung cip djch vy TMDT. Nhu vdy
ttong q d ttinh hogt ding TMDT, ehu sd hflu website d thi chdo ban bat ky hang hia djch vy ndo, neu nhu do la cde hdng hoa, xam phgm nhdn hifu dugc chao bdn ring rdi ta^n eac website di, moi tradng dd, vi dy nhu ban hdng "fake", hay bit ky hdnh vi xam phgm nhan hifu eua ehi tiii ttid ba khie, thi co chi bdo hi phap ludt hifn nay quy djnh vd gidi quyit vin di ttin nhu tiii ndo?
Tiip nfla Id nhiing nha cung cap djch vy intemet hay nhd cung eip djch vy noi mgng (hitemet Service Provider- ISP), ehuyen cung cip edc gidi phap ket noi mgng todn ciu cho cic don vj ti chdc hay cde ei nhdn ngudi ding. Trin nin tdng eing nghf do, ttong thi gidi do do edc trung gian thuong mai tgo nen, ngudi ban va ngudi mua si tiin hdnh giao djch vdi nhau qua hf tiling TMDT. Tuy nhiin, dii vdi cac hogt dgng eung cap moi ttudng TMDT nhu ttcD (hi vifc nhd cung eip djch vy internet, ehd ede website TMDT, sdn TMDT, chg do...) khi ci sy xdm phgm nhdn hifu cda bin thu ba dii vdi chi sd httu nhdn hifu, ngay bin chinh mii budng TMDT md d c ehd thi ttin cung cip, thi co chi trdch nhifm cua cac bin Iiin quan duge xdc djnh nhu thi ndo? Vifc "vdo cugc" cua d c nha cung cip mii trudng TMDT ve mdt phap ly ra sao di tgo nin sy edn bing, hdi hoa lgi ich giiia sy phdt triin cua thing tm, eua hogt ding TMDT vd viie bdo hi thanh qud Iao ding tri tuf ? Bdi 16, mil mdt vifc bdo hi quyin SHTT nii chung, quyin SHCN vdi nhdn hifu nii riing, chinh la bao hg ttianh qud sdng tgo tti oc ciia con ngudi ttiong qua cic dgc quyin ciia chd sd httu ttieo quy djnb, hiy nhiin, mdt khdc ni cung can xem xet tt^n goc dg md rgng kha ndng tiip cgn thing tin di ddm bao Igi ich eua todn xd hii. Tiong mii tnrdng TMDT, cho dd ban chit vd nguyin ly cua hf tiling SHTT vin khong fliay dii, nhung vin can d nhflng diiu chinh hgp ly di hf
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thing nay tan dyng dugc nhttng co hgi vd d i i phd dugc nhttng tiidch thuc mdi ma cac tiin b i cing nghf, kinh t i dem lgi
33. Cde hoft d^ttg maketing, qudng cdo trin internet cd st^xudt hifn nhdn hifu cda ben thur ba
Be qudng bd website, cac doanh nghifp cd xu hudng gia tdng lugng tiny cap website ttiing qua ky thudt sd dyng td khda (keyword). Vifc su dyng d e c i miy tim kiim, hay cac djch vy ddn chiiu nhu Google, Yahoo d i djnh vj thing tm bang edeh g i m i t thudt ngtt hode mgt tu vao thanh eing ey tira kiim ttd thdnh mft boat ding p h i biin cua ngudi sd dyng intemet hiin nay.
Khi chung ta diing cac tu khda de nhgp vdo cde cing cy tim kiem, se d l dang tim thay cde ket qud hifn thj la cde ttang web ma chdng ta muin hirdng din. Vifc tim kiim nhu vdy thudng dem din hai lo;i kit qud: Thd nhit la, danh sieh kit qui "ty nhiin" dugc hifn lin khi ta sd dyng td khia; thd hai la mft danh sich dudi tieu de "Cie Iiin kit dugc tdi ttg", hay edc qudng d o e i liin quan d i n td khda d i . Cde liin kit dugc tdi h ^ xuit hiin khi doanh nghifp trd tien, hay mua chinh td khoa tim kien do cho eae eing ty h i ttg qudng cao. Liin kit dugc tdi h ^ nay, s i gidp ngudi tim kiim kil noi vdi website cua cac eing ty tra tiin cho viic kit n i i d i . Vdn d i liin quan din nhdn hifu trong qudng edo td khia s i ndy sinh khi mgt doanh nghifp ttd phi cho cic cing ty nhfn qudng d o , d i mua cac td khda. Id chinh edc nhdn hiiu, thdm chi Id nhdn hiiu nii tiing cua ben thu ba. Nhu vdy, hdnh vi mua
nhdn hifu cua m i l b i n thd ba dudi dgng tu khoa q d n g cdo tu nhd qudng d o , cd tiiugc phgm vi die quyin cua ehu sd hflu nMn hifu hay khing? Hay n i i cdch khdc, vdn d i md ring phgm vi nii dung quyin cua c h i sd hflu nhdn hifu trong TMDT din mdc d i ndo?
Bdn chit eua phdp ludt v i SHTT la tgo ra nhttng khd ndng kiim soit ttieo lugt djnh doi vdi vife phi biin thing qua vifc cap d e dgc quyin phap ly co gidi hgn. Vdi eie chdc ndng xdc djnh nguin gie hang hda, djeh vy, dam bdo ehdt lugng va edi thifn vife trayen thing, nhan hifu giup gidm ehi phi tim kiem cua ngudi tiiu dimg, giup gidm chi phi qudng d o cho chu sd httu. Tuy nhiin, trade sy phdt biin nhu vu bdo cda intemet va TMDT dd tgo ra nhieu ttiich ttiuc doi vdi cde nguyin tic nin tang ciia quyen SHTT. Trong dd, bin cgnh vife eo hay khing vifc md rfng quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifn ttgng TMDT d i i vdi cde chu sd httu, co cic vin d i phip ly phdt sinh trong vifc bdo hf quyin SHCN doi vdi nhdn hifu ttong TMDT can djt ra li:
(i) Xdc djnh phuong thuc tiip cgn phu hgp dii vii cac doi tugng mdi xuat hiin trong TMDT; (ii) Xic djnh pham vi dgc quyen cua quyen SHTT doi vdi cic hdnh vi sd dyng, khai tiidc ttong TMDT; (iii) Co chi trdch nhifm cua cde nhd cung cip mii ttudng cho TMDT khi d hdnh vi xdm phgm nhdn hifu. D i bdo vf quyin cua chu sd hihi nhdn hifu, tilde diy sy phat triin cua TMDT, cin d cac nghiin eihi chuyin sdu ve vifc bao h i quyen SHCN doi vdi nhdn hiiu ttong T^E)T •
1. Htlp://wwiv.v;ipo.int/trademarks/en/.
2. Tran LI Hdng, "Mgt so van dl vi tdi sdn tri ml nhin tir gdc ttp khoa hgc phdp ly vi vdn di hodn thiin phdp lugt nil Nam ", Tgp chi Khoa hgc phdp ly so 2/2012, tr 23.
3. Phgm Thi Mai Khanh (2016), Quyin sd hihi Iri tui trong thmmg mgi dign tii, Lugn an Tien si, tr 43.
