,m.iiS3
CONG NGHE DAY HOCf Ct
KHAI THAC TIEN ICH TIT I\TERNET PHUC VU HOAT DONG TU HOC, TU NGHIEN CCU BO HON UCH SUf CUA HOC SINH THPT
ThS. Nguyjin Quoc Todn Trudng THPT chuyin Hodng Li Klia - tinh Tdy Ninh SUMMARY
The consecutive development of scientific technology and the drastic increase of human knowledge has made self-study is an important duty to high school students in particular if they don "t want to be left behind.
The existence of Internet has brought about considerable benefits by providing information, bringing people jrom all over the world together and becoming an essential tool for studying the History. If students use the Internet in an effective way by picking out the most suitable source ofinformation, the Internet will offer great advantages contributing to the success in studying History as well as in the educational targets.
Keywords: Internet, study, history.
NgUy nb^n bdi: 2/4/2014, Ngdy duyit O&ng: 29/6/2014 I. Vii nft vi nghifn ciiu bd mdn Ljcb sir cua hpc sinh THPT.
Ljch sii cd vai trd rdt to Idn, nhung hifn nay trong xi hdi vi nhi trudng, mdn Ljch sii van bj xem Ii mdn phy. Qua thyc t i hogt dpng dgy va hpc chdng tdi nhin thdy, ed mdt bd phin khdng nhd hpc sinh td ra thd o, khdng hiing thd vdi bd mdn. Chdng tdi ty d$t eiu hdi: Ph^ ching mdn Ljch sii ding chin yi ding bi xem thudng den nhu viy? Trin trd vdi diiu dd, chiing tdi mudn thay ddi, mi myc tifu co bin ddu tien li dem din cho hpc sinh sy hiing thii hpc tgp bdng vifc hudng eic em din vifc khai thic eic tifn Ich tir Internet phye vy eho hogt dpng ty hpe vi ty nghifn cim bd mdn.
Bfn cgnh nhtmg diiu kifn thuin Ipi, hifn nay vdn ed khi nhiiu yiu td ei ehii quan lin khich quan tic ddng tifu eye din ^ thirc ty hpc, ty nghidn cim bp mdn eiia hpc sinh THPT:
- Cd mdt sd J kiin cho ring, ljch sir li bdt biin vi khdng ed cii mdi ddn din vifc hpc sinh khdng chju nghifin ciiu vi khdng cgp nhit dupc nhttng thinh tyu khoa hpe ljch sir mdi.
- xa hdi vi ngudi hpe cdn cd cii nhin Ifch Igc, khdng eoi tii?ng vai trd vi vj tri eua bp mdn, mdn sii vdn khdng li mdt lya chpn bat bupc tixjng cic kl tiii...
ddn din tim II ddu tir ciia hpc sinh chua tiigt sy dupe trpn Vf n dCi cho cd mdt sd em tii^t sy yfu tiiieh Ljeh sir.
- Sich giio khoa vi tii lifu chudn kifn tiiirc ki nang tid tiiinh khudn khd mang tinh phip quy, hinh tiiinh barem cho dip in eie kl tiii mdt eieh mi;/ mdc, tir dd inh hudng dfn tim II eiia hpc sinh mudn "an toin" vdi dung lupng kiin tiiiic dupe eung cip sin, lam hgn chi khi nang nghifn ciiu vi md rdng kifin ttiitc.
- Chuang ti-lnh vi sich giio khoa qui n$ng ni, nhifm vy ciia ki tiii tdt nghifp THPT vi Dgi hpc ludn
ti ndi im inh thudng tryc, inh hudng nhiiu din siic khde, tiro li vi thdi gian dinh cho hogt dpng ty hpe, ty nghifn cim bp mdn Ljch sir ciia hpc sinh.
Cd the n h ^ thdy sy phit tiiin tu duy, sing tgo, khi nSng tifp cgn vi khai thie eie thinh tyu KHKT phye vy hpc tgp, cimg vdi ning lyc td chirc, nghifn cim vi kT ning lim vifc theo nhdm ciia hpe sinh cdp THPT ngiy nay li rit cao. Thfm ntta, ehuong trinh ljch sit cap THPT ed phdn I$p Igi vi npi dung d cip THCS dl din din tir^ tigng nhim chin trong vifc tiep thu eho hpc sinh. Do dd vdi d$c thii vi nhttng khd khan rifng ciia bd mdn, niu biit tiip ein mdt cich hpp 1;^ vdi nhiing diiu kifn sin ed vi phii hpp di phye vy cho hogt ddng niy sg dem dfn eho cie em sy himg thii ciing nhttng kft qui tich eye mi khdng hao tin qui nhiiu thdi gian vi diiu kifn vgt chit.
2. Sir dyng Internet phyc vy ty hpc, ty nghifn cuu by mdn Ljch sir cho hpc sinh THPT.
Sy phit trien nhanh chdng eiia CNTT di tgo ra mpt khdi lupng tri thirc khdng id, ddi hdi phai cd khi ning thu nh§n xii Ii. Sau gdn 2 thip "i^n du nhgp vio Vift Nam, Internet ngiy nay da phit tiiin siu rpng din mpi ngdc ngich, mpi gia dinh, mpi tnrdng hpc. Vdi m$t tich eye vi hgn ehe ciing sy phd biin dd, phuong thire hpc tgp di ed nhttng thay ddi vi ein bin. Nfu biet khai thic mpt cich hpp ly, internet sf trd thinh mpt cdng ey hihi dyng, cd the dem din nhttng ngudn tid nguyfn di phye vy cho vifc ty hpc, ty nghien cim bd mdn Ljch sir cua hpe sinh THPT:
NguSn sir ii^u: Cd tiii tiidy vdi sy phit tiiin mgnh mf, Internet di dem dfn cho eie em mdt ngudn tu lifu khdng Id, bao gdm nhiiu ITnh vyc tir phd thdng din chuyen siu, ttt nhiiu hudng tiip cin vi nhiiu quan dif m, chinh kiin, giup cic em cd dupc cii nhin da chiiu, khich quan. Bfn cgnh dd, sit lifu Internet TiBlP CHt imtf BI GlAO DUC - Sd 107 - 7/2014 • SS
CONG NGHE DAY HOC
cd d§c tinh cip nhit rdt nhanh chdng, tgo diiu kifn thugn Ipi cho vifc nghidn cim cic vin di mang tinh thdi sy, giup nit ra bii hpe vi sy vgn dpng v i xu thf phit triin ciia Ijch su mdt cich "ndng hdi", xic I§p dupe mdi Iifn hf thye ti, tgo hiing thu cao cho hpc sinh. Mdt die diim khic ciia ngudn sir lifu Internet ed tifn ich rat ldn li cich tiep c^n rat don giin vi thuin tifn, tii mi^i nai, mpi Idc ed kit ndi mgng, giiip tiit kifm dupe rit nhiiu thdi gian v i tiin bgc. Day Ii nhitng uu diem rit Idn mi nhihig ngudn sii lifu khic khdng thi cd dupe.
Cong cy, phhn mim hd trg: U'ng dyng CNTT vi eic phuang tifn hifn dgi vio qui trinh hpc tip li mdt trong eie bifn phip nhdm ning cao chdt lupng giio dye theo quan diem hifn dgi. Tuy nhifn hifn nay vdn di niy chua dupe quan tim diing myc bdi mpt bd ph|n khdng nhd hpc sinh khi hpe lich sii thudng cd tim Ii khdng nhdt thiit phai "rinh" CNTT vi ty tieh vifc ty hpc, ty nghien eiiu bd mdn xa ddn cic phuang phip vi kT thu|t hifn dgi. Diy Ii quan diim hoin toin sai ldm bdi If bfn cgiih eic phdn mim vin phdng thdng dyng di dupc tich hpp sin ti-ong bd Microsoft Office, vifc sii dyng Internet sg giiip hpe sinh ed thf ty nghien edu nhim tifp ein vi sii dyng dupe cie ehuong trinh xir Iy dd hpa v i video nhu Herovideo, Paint, Adobe PhotoShop... di cit phim, xiy dyng ban dd, thiit ki vi ehinh sife eic V$ hifu tifn bin dd, lu^e dd (tir "tTnh" chuyin sang "dpng"), sii dyng eie phdn mim hpc tgp khie df phyc vy eho vifc xiy dyng cie modul phyc vy ehd vi^e hpc t^p bd mdn trd nfn dl tiip thu, sinh dpng vi hip dan hon.
Tiip c^n Bdo tdng do: M ^ dii bio ting ao khdng luu gitt vi ti-ung biy hifn vit thit, song khdng ed nghTa nhOng hifn vat sd hda dd lgi khdng lien quan vi npi dung, khic vi hinh thirc so vdi hifn vgt tii^t. Nd cd thi tgo ra sy tuang tic cao vdi hpe sinh theo m6 hinh thye tai ao. Toin bd khdng gian trung biy, khdng gian kien true thyc ti dupc md phdng chin thye dudi dgng 3D. Tinh sd hda eiia bao tang io edn thi hifn d khi ning kit ndi cao, giup cd tiif truyin gui, tham quan tir nhiiu khu vyc khic nhau bang Intemet hay phin mim Powerpoint, tir dd hpe sinh df ding tim dupc cie tii lifu hiim vdi kho dCt lifu df sii dyng, tifn nghi hinh inh, phim, am nhgc gidi thifu vi nhttng kift tie thdiig qua eic tour hudng ddn tren mgng, ddng thdi cd thf tai vi nhttng dtt lifu bd tip cho vifc hpc tap. Dii bio ting ao ed m^t han chi Ii khdng nhin thiy kich cd, bi m^t, kit eiu hay dp diy thyc cua hifn y^t nhung tyu ehung Igi, ngudn tii nguyfn nay ed thi gidp cho hpc sinh giii quyit ngay dupe phan tryc quan "trim nghe (dpc) khdng bing mdt thdy" mpt each dl ding nhit.
Giao luu vd chia se thon^ tin: Qua Internet, hpc sinh cd thi trao ddi thdng tin bing Email, giao tiip vi
hpp tie n ^ f n etiu vdi bgn b6 vi vdi eie lyc lupng hd try giio dye khic. Khai thic mgng x i hdi phyc vy ty hpc, ty nghign ciiu ciing Ii mpt y tudng mi cie em ein quan tim vdi rdt nhiiu dja ciii nhu YouTube vi hing chyc mgng xi hpi khic cd chiic ning luu trtt vi phan phdi nhiiu hinh inh hay eic dogn bing tu lifu nhu TeaeherTube, TeacherTV, ITunesU, TED, Big Thing, The Futures Charmel... Trong dd, mdt mgng xi hdi khi d ^ bift chia se hinh inh dudi dgng cic bd suu t§p mang ten Pintemet xudt hifn tii gitta nam 2011 vi hifn nay da trd nen phd bien. Nd tap hpp cic dogn bing vi hinh inh rdi rge thanh tCmg bd suu t§p dudi dgng bing ghim (pinboard). Mdi bing (board) Ii mdt chu di tgo nen bdi mpt tic gii, d dd bao gdm nhiiu ghim (pin).
Mdi ghim cd thf chi don giin Ii mdt hire anh, mpt video hay m^t dogn phim nhung eiing ed thi Ii mdt bd dudng dan din cie tii nguyen hpc tgp phong phu hon tii miic dp chuyfn nginh dfn chuyfn siu, giiip cho hpc sinh cd thi ty xiy dyng dupe cie "tii" tii lifu Ijch sir sin sing phyc vy khi cd nhu cdu.
Mgng x3 h^i dang din tr<y n£n phS biin vi tham nhgp vio nhiiu ITnh vyc trong dd'i s6ng. Tuy nhifn v^n chua cd nhieu hpc sinh cd thi v^n dyng de ty hpc, ty nghifn ciiu nh3m gia tdng n3ng lyc hpc t$p bp mdn. IVong dd, Facebook ngiy nay Ii con dudng ngdn nhdt vi hifu qua di kit noi gitta cic e i nhan vi cie nhdm, Ii mpt nin ting giao tiip phi rpng cd thi dupc diing di trinh biy y tudng, tranh lugn kiin thiic, chia se tii nguyfn bao gdm cie dja ehi web, cie hinh inh Ijch sii v i cic dogn video clip tu lifu qu^... mi niu ty tim kiim sg mdt rdt nhiiu thJri gian nhung chua hin da ed kit qua.
3. Mdt sd luu f khi hpc sinh THPT tiip c$n Internet phyc vi; ty hpc, ty nghiSn cihi bd mdn.
Thir nhat, do ngudn sii Hfu tfr Intemet rat phong phii vdi nhiiu ngudn, nhiiu phia khic nhau, trong dd cd nhihig quan diim ddi l§p vi khdng diing vdi sy thgt. Vi vgy, dk sir dyng hifu qui tu lifu vi lim chii dupc phuang hudng nghifn cttu, ddi hdi hpc sinh phii dupe giio vifn hudng ddn di nim vttng phuong phip lugn stt hpe, xiy dyng dupe eho minh kifn thtte vttng ving, trudc khi dua ra quan diim vi nhgn xdt cdn phii cd sy so sanh ddi chiiu vdi cic ngudn tu lifu khic.
Diy li vdn df cin dae bift chii y bdi tim Ii phdn ddng khdng rifng gi ciia hpc sinh THPT khi cdn tham khio tii lifu (thudng trong thdi gian ngdn, chudn bj bii, lim bii t$p...) li phy thupc vi tin tudng hoin toin vio ngudn su lifu niy, dan din nhttng sai Ifch nghifm tipng khdng chi vi kiin thiie mi cdn ci vi tu tudng.
Th(r bai, Intemet ciing khdng phii Ii mdt kho tii nguyfn vd tin, sy hiin thj kit qui tim kiim khdng hin da Ii chinh xic, cic ti-ang web vi ljch su khdng chiim dupe sd lupng nhiiu. Hon ntta, rdt hiim tii nguyfn ljch stt cd gii yj dupe cung cdp - miln phi 36 • TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DUC-sd 1 0 7 - 7 / 2 0 1 4
CONG NGHE DAY HOC
tren Internet. Can luu y ring vai trd ciia thu vifn truyin thdng vithu vifn s6 ^n cdn hifn hflii bdi Ig Intemet thiiu hdn nhihig d^c diim quan tipng ciia vifc suu tdm vi td ehdc thdng tin; gidng nhu mpt kho tu lifu khdng id khdng dupe td chttc sdp xip, trong khi thu vifn vi thu vifn sd ngiy cing dupe hoin thifn vi m$t td chttc. Do dd, d ^ gii dung vai trd cua Internet, ty tich luy kiin thtte, rdn luyfn phuong phip nghidn ettu ljch stt vi kT ning hpe tap li nhttng nhifm vy mi hpc sinh cin phii thyc hifn mpi lie, mpi noi (tiip ein vdi tii lifu trong thu vifn, nhi sich, tranh lugn, chia se kiin thtte...) di ed tiie xiy dyng dupe npi lyc vQng ving mi khong qui phy thupc vio Intemet.
Thir ba, vdi d$e thii chuygn nganh, cie em khi nghien cttu ljeh stt thudng tiip cin vdi nhitng sy kifn vi quan diim ddi lap... nhit li trong giai dogn ljch sir Vift Nam hifn dgi, do dd vifc giao luu chia se thdng tin cung cdn dupe thyc hifn mpt eieh chimg myc trong tam kiim soit, tiinh bj lpi dyng vio nhtmg mye dieh xdu khi tham gia vio eic hpi, nhdm trgn cic mgng Intemet.
Thii tir, cic em cdn xiy dyng mpt thdi gian biiu phd hpp, rfn luyfn tinh ki lugt cao trong vifc hpe tgp
vi giii tri. Cin xiy dyng, rfn luyfn J thtte vin hda vi chiu trich nhifm vi bin than, trinh sa di thii qui khi s^ dyng Internet Cin phii ty d^t eiu hdi nhihig yiu td nio Ii cd ieh, ding hpe hdi vi tiip thu; yfu td nio cin hgn chi vi logi bd d6 vifc stt dyng Intemet phye vy ty hpc bp mdn dimg lgi d diing chimg myc vi khdng tie dpng qui nhieu dfn kft qui hpc tip ehung eung nhu tiong sinh hogt ciia ban thin.
Tii lifu tham khao
I • Nguyen Cinh Huf (2011). F"^ mgt ngudn su Hiu mdi cua Su hgc - tdi Hiu Intemet, K^ yiu HTKH vdi chu de "Su hgc Viit Nam trong boi cdnh hgi nhgp vd toan cdu iida: Nining vdn di ly lugn vd pfruang phdp tiep cgrC\ Dai hpc KHXH&NV. Dgi hpc Qudc gia TPHCM phdi hpp vdi Trudng Dgi hpe KHXH&NV.
Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hi Ndi td chuc tgi Hi Npi.
2. N ^ y i n Qudc Toin (2013), Vai trd cua Intemet doi vdi vdn de tu hgc, ty nghien cuu cua ngudi gido viin Lfch sir, Ky yeu Hdi thio khoa hpc "Ndng cao ndng lyc ty /ipc, ty nghiin cuu cho gido vien phd thdng ddp ungyiu cdu ddi mdi gido dye". \^fn Nghifn ciru giio dye - Dgi hpe su phgm TP. HCM.
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BIEN PHAP TANG CVCWG QUAN LY... wk theo .rang m
giio. Bifn phip chi dgo sit sao vife ddi mdi phuong bin vttng sy nghifp phit tiiin giio dye Phit giio ciia phip dgy hpc, ting eudng ip dyng cdng nghf thong tin
vio dgy hpe d HVPGVN tgi Hi Npi- Bifn phip xiy dyng ki hogch thdc ddy Giing su tham gia cic khda hpc ning cao trinh dp chuyen mdn dip img yfu eau phit trifn ehung cua xi hpi. Bifn phip ting cudng kiim tra giim sit hogt dpng dg>; hpe. Bifn phip ting cudng diu tu CO sd vit chit, thiit bj dgy hpe hifn dgi phye vy dgy hpe,
nudc ta trong giai dogn hdi nhgp vi qudc tf hda.
Tii lifu tham khio
1. Ban Ton giio Chinh phu (2008), Khdo sdt ddo tgo, boi dudng Tdng Ni tri - Thyc trgng vd gidi phdp.
2. Ban Tdn giio Chinh phu (2009), Bdo cdo cua ban khdo sdt liin ngdnh nhdm ddnh gid lgi hogt dgng D6ng tiidi khio nghifm tinh cin thiit vi tinh khi ddo tgo cua cdc trudng Hgc viin Phgt gido Viit Nam.
thi ciia cie bifn phip tiidng qua vifc xin y kifn dinh gii ttt cic chuyfn gia: Hdi ddng trj su GHPGVN, Hdi ddng diiu hinh HVPGVN vi lanh dgo eic Khoa.
Qua kit qui khio nghifm cho thdy 6/6 giii phip di xudt cd tinh cdn thift vi ed tinh khi thi eao phii hyp vdi quin ly dgy hpe d HVPGVN tgi Hi Npi...
Theo ehiing tdi, di giii quyit nhttng bit cgp hifn nay trong quin Iy dgy hpc d HVPGVN tgi Hi Ndi cdn thyc hifn nghiem tde bifn phip di df xuit, cdn phii thyc hifn mdt cich ddng bp cic bifn phip nhdm ning chdt lupng giio dye. D ^ bao dii vf sd lupng, chit lupng, ddng bd vf co eiu vi tdng bude ning cao trinh dd nghifp vy, chuyfn mdn, pham chit dgo hgnh, tu tudng ehinh trj vi ning lyc quin Iy, siic khof di thyc hifn hoin tiiinh nhifm vy mdt cich tot
3. Dgng Qudc Bio (1997), Mgt sd khdi niim v qudn ly gido dye, Trudng Cin bd quin 1^ Giio dye vi Dio tgo. Hi Npi.
4. D$ng Qudc Bio (ehu bifn) Bui Vift Phu (2012), Mgt so goc nhin ve phdt triin vd qudn ligido due. NXB Giio dye Vift Nam.
5. C.Mic - RAnghen (1993), C.Mdc-F.Anghen todn tgp. Bin tiing Vift tip 23, NXB Chinh trj Qude gia. Hi Npi.
6. Chinh phu (2001), Chiin luge phdt triin gido dvc giai dogn 2001-2010. Hi Ndi.
7. Chinh phu (2012), Chiin luge phdt triin gido dye giai dogn 2011-2020. Hi Ndi.
8. Chinh phu (2006), Dk in ddi mdi giio dye dgi vi cd hifu qui nhdt dip ttng yfu edu liu dii, hpc Vift Nam giai dogn 2006-2020 Hi.Ndi
TAP CHf THIETBIGIAO DVC-sd 107-7/2014 • S7
