Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 8 - 2018
THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
PHAT TRIEN N G A N H DU LICH VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Le Bd Ddng*
Trung tdm Hoat dong Vdn hoa Khoa hoc Vdn Mtiu - Quoc Tit Gidm Ngdy nhdn bdi: 08/06/2018, ngdy gui phan bien- 11/06/2018. ngdy duyet ddng- 30/07/2018 Oaw bdn thdp ky lien hdnh cong cugc ddi m&i, du lich dugc eoi Id ngdnh dich vu miii
^ nhgn trong ca cdu long sdn phdm quoc ndi Viet Nam. Ngdnh "cdng nghiip khdng khdi"
ndy mang lai ngudn thu ldn cho ngdn sdch qudc gia, thu hiit ddu tu vd gdp phan vdo chuyin dich CO cdu kinh le. Tuy nhien, tren thuc te ngdnh du lich Viet Nam vdn edn nhiiu tiim ndng vd ngudn luc chua dugc khai thdc. Bdi viet phdn tich thuc trgng, ddng th&i di xudt mgt sd gidi phdp nhdm hodn thien chiin luge phdt triin ngdnh du lich trong bdi cdnh Viet Nam hgi nhdp quoc ti.
Tu khda: Du lich, Viet Nam, Phat triln du lich Mffdau
Hien nay, nganh du Ijch Viet Nam noi bat vdi sy tang trudng nhanh chdng, la mdt bd phan ldn va nang dpng ciia nin kinh tl ca vl trien vpng giai quyet viec lam ciing nhu ddng gdp cho thu nhap quoc gia. Trong Chiin luge phdt du lich Viit Nam den ndm 2020, tdm nhin 2030, Chinh phu de ra muc tieu ddn 10-11 trieu lupt khach qudc tl va 48 - 49 trieu lupt khach ndi dia, tdng doanh thu tir du lich dat 29 ty USD, ddng gdp 6,5% GDP ca nudc, tao ra 3 trieu viec lam'. Ket qua la Viet Nam dang chung kien qua trinh chuyen ddi tir mdt nen kinh te dya vao ndng nghiep sang nen kinh te dya vao dich vu. Mac dii ed nhiing ket qua vupt bac nhung trudc xu hudng va tac ddng ciia toan cau hda, dang dat ra cho nganh du lich Viet Nam nhung co hdi va thach thiic
trong tien trinh dua du lich yd thanh nganh miii nhgn.
1. Thuc trang phat trien nganh du lich Viet Nam
Viet Nam ed Ipi the dae biet ve vi tri dia chinh tri, nam d trung tam Ddng Nam A, cd vj yl giao luu qudc te thuan Ipi, bd bien trai dai 3.260 km vol nhieu vinh, dao dep va quan dao ven bd. Viet Nam la qudc gia cd nen van hda phong phii va phat trien lau ddi vdi 54 dan tpc va nhieu danh lam thang canh trai dai khap dat nude. Theo sd lieu ciia Td chuc du lich The gidi (World Tourism Organization), khu vuc Ddng A da dat miic tang trudng 7%) nam 2014, yong dd Viet Nam nam trong danh sach 5 diem den dep nhat Ddng Nam A va 100 diem den hap dan nhat cua du lich the gidi. Viet Nam trong nhdm 12 qudc gia ed cac vinh dep
* [email protected] ' Quyet dinh 2473/QD-TTg cua Thu tircmg phe duyet
"Chien luac phdi triin du lich Viet Nam din ndm 2020.
tdm nhin den nam 2030 ".
Le Ba Dung. Thirc trgng vd gidi phdp phdt trien ngdnh du lich..
nhdt thi gidi la vinh Ha Long va vinh Nha Trang, ddng thdi dupe Tap chi Forbes bau chpn la mpt trong sau bai tam quyin rii nhat hanh tinh^,
Trong chiln lupc phat trien kinh te eua Viet Nam, du lich duoc coi nhu nganh kinh tl
miii nhpn, chiem ty trpng ngay cang cao trong CO cau GDP gdp phdn thiic day phat trien kinh te - xa hgi. Nam 2016, tdng ddng gdp ciia du lich vao GDP bao gdm ca tac ddng tir dau tu, chudi cung iing va thu nhap phat sinh la 410.008 ty ddng (chilm 9,1% GDP)^
Bilu do 1: Tong dong gop ciia DL vao GDP (%) Bang 1: Tong dong gop cua du lich vao GDP
— '.' Phat smh Gian tiep
2016 2017
STT 15 20 22 27 34 50 78 87
Tong dong gop vao GDP Thai Lan Philippines Indonesia Trung binh the gioi
Malaysia Dong Nam A Singapore Viet Nam Campuchia Myanmar
Nam 2016 (ty USD)
82,5 60,1 57,9 57,3 40,4 30,1 28,7 18,4 5,5 4,6 Nguon: Hdi dong Du lich va Lii hanh the gidi (WTTC).
Tong dong gdp cua du lich cho nen kinh te gdm cd dong gdp tryc tiep, gian tiep va ddng gdp phat sinh. Dong gdp gian tiep bao gdm GDP va sd lupng viee lam dupe tao ra bdi: chi tieu dau tu cho du Ijch, chi tieu eiia chinh phii de hd trp cho nganh du lich va nhung khoan mua sam ndi dia hang hda la hon 500,000 ty ddng. Trong do, dong gdp true tiep ciia du lich vao GDP la 207.798 ty ddng (chilm 4,6% GDP). Ddng gdp nay chii yiu den tir boat ddng kinh te ciia cac ITnh vuc nhu khach san, dai ly ill hanh, hang khdng va eac dich vu van chuyen hanh khach khac, ddng thdi bao gdm cac ITnh vuc nha hang va djch vu
^ World Tourism Organization
nghi ngoi, giai tri. Hoat ddng kinh tS gian tiep tham gia vao chudi cung iing dich vu phuc vu khach du lich ciing dupe tinh toan trong dong gdp nen kinh te. O khia canh nay, nganh du lich cd hieu iing lan tda den tat ca cac nganh, ITnh vue cua ddi sdng kinh te, xa hgi va ddng gdp to ldn vao nen kinh te qudc dan. Trong hai thap ky gan day, nganh du lich da co nhung chuyen bien rd ret, nam 1991 mdi chi cd 262 nghin lupt khaeh du lich qudc te den Viet Nam thi din nam 2000 la 11,2 trieu lupt. Tiep nii thanh cong nam 2016 nganh du lich ddn ky luc 10 trieu lupt khach, nam 2017 13 trieu lupt khach da din Viet Nam, tang gan 30% so vdi
^ Worid Travel and Tourism Council.
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. S6 8 - 2018 nam ngoai, dong thdi phuc vu 73 trieu lupt ddng (tuong duong vdi 23 ty USD), tang 25%
khach ndi dia"*. Trong do, theo sd lieu tir Tdng so vdi nam 2016, ddng gdp khoang 7% vao cue Thdng ke, tdng ngudn thu tir du lich ciing GDP^. Neu tinh rieng ty Ie tang trudng 6,81%
tang trudng manh khi nam 2001 chi dat 17,5 GDP cua ca nude thi miic ddng gdp ciia nganh nghin ty, nhung din nam 2017 tdng doanh thu du lich Viet Nam chilm xdp xi 1%»^.
tir khach du lich udc tmh dat 515 nghin ty Bieu do 2: So lupng khach du lich den Viet Nam giai doan 2008 - 2017
Don vi: Trieu lupt khach
14
iffi^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Bieu do 3: Toe dp tang trudng khach quoc te den Viet Nam
Ngudn: Tdng cue Du lich, nam 2017
m] mi 2015 M m
Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng ke, nam 2017 Nam 2017, nghanh du lich Viet Nam lan
dau tien Igt vao danh saeh cae quoc gia cd tdc do tang trudng du lich nhanh nhat the gidi va la mgt yong nam nganh kinh te miii nhpn mang lai ngudn thu ngoai te ldn nhat cho qudc gia, chilm khoang 56% ca cau xuat khdu dich vu. Nganh du lich khdng nhiing cd ddng gdp quan trpng cho san lupng qudc gia ma cdn tao
cdng an viec lam, giai quyet eac van de an sinh xa hdi. Nam 2014, nganh du lich da giai quyet khoang 1,76 trieu lao ddng cd viec lam, nhung den nam 2016, tdng ddng gdp cua du lich vao viec lam (bao gom ca nhiing tac ddng den tir dau tu, chuoi cung iing, thu nhap phdt sinh) la 4.003.000 viec lam (chiem 7,3% tdng sd viec lam). Trong do, sd viee lam true tiep do nganh
* T6ng cue Du Ijch Viet Nam.
^ Tong ciic Thdng ke Vifit Nam 2017.
Khdnh Linh, Mdnh ghep Idn trong buc tranh tang trudng cua ngdnh du lich, https:/^aodautu.vn, ng^y truy cap 2/8/2018.
LeBa Diing. ThiK trgng vd gidi phdp phdt irien ngdnh du Ijch.
du lich tao ra la 1.959.000 vice lam (chiem 3,6% tdng sd viec lam). Dy bao den nam 2027, nganh du Hch se tao ra 4.544.000 viee lam (chilm 7,5%i tdng sd lao ddng), tang trung binh 1 % mdi nam trong giai doan 2017 - 2027.
Ddu tu vao ITnh vye du Hch da tang manh trong nhiing nam qua, hang chuc ty USD dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai va hon 300.000 ty ddng dau tu trong nudc (vdi hon 6.100 ty ddng ddu tu tir NSNN) tir nam 2006 din 2017 cho CO sd ha tang du Hch qudc gia, hinh thanh co sd vat chdt ky thuat hien dai'. Nam 2015, dau tu vao ITnh vuc du lich dat 113,497 ty dong, chilm 10,4% tdng dau tu ca nudc*.
Trong nhiing nam qua, lupng khach du lich qudc te den Viet N'im cd nhieu bien ddng, tir nam 2011 den nam 2015 cd tdc dp giam nhung tir nam 2015 den 2017, khaeh qudc te den Viet Nam tang manh. Neu giai doan 2009 - 2011, miie tang trudng sd lupng khach hang nam ludn dat tren 10%, thi den nam 2014 sd lupng khach qudc te ehi cdn 4% so vdi nam 2013. Cu thi nam 2011, lupt khaeh du Hch qudc te dat 6 trieu lupt, tang 19% so vdi nam 2009 thi din nam 2012 tdc dp tang cdn 13,9%», nam 2014 cdn 4%, den nam 2015 giam manh chi con 0,9%. Su sut giam lupng khach du Hch trong thdi gian nay chiu sy tac ddng rat Idn tir lupng khach den tir Trung Qudc, cu thi la s6 lupng khach Trung Qudc cd miic sut giam ldn nhat. Trong 6 thang dau nam 2015, lupng khach qudc te d i n Viet Nam chi dat 3,7 trieu lupt, giam 11,3% so vdi ciing ky nam 2014, trong do khaeh Trung Qudc dat 815 nghin lupt, giam 30% so vdi cimg ky nam trudc.
Nguyen nhan ciia su sut giam nay la do nhung dien bien cang thdng v l vdn de bien, dao giira Trung Qudc va mgt sd nudc Ddng Nam A, trong dd cd Viet Nam.
Mdt van de khac la ty le khach qudc te quay lai du Hch Viet Nam cd chieu hudng giam theo thdi gian. Theo Tdng cue Thdng ke, ty le khach du lich den Viet Nam lan dau va tir lan thir hai trd di lan lupt la 56% va 44% (nam 2006); 60% va 3 9 % (nam 2009); 66% va 34%
(nam 2013). Dieu dd cho thay sd lupng khach du lich qudc te quay lai Viet Nam giam tir 56%
nam 2006 xudng cdn 34% nam 2013, day ciing la mdt bieu hien tieu cue trong nganh du lich do tu duy "dn xoi & thi" va nhiing hanh vi "chgl chim " khach du lich cdn tdn tai gay mat thien cam vdi du khach. Trong hao cao cua T6 chiic Du lich The gidi nam 2017, Viet Nam cd thii hang thap d miic dp ben vung moi trudng (hang 130), chat lupng ha tang du lich (hang 112) trong tdng sd 136 nen kinh te^.
Nang lyc canh tranh ciia du lich Viet Nam ciing la mdt diem yeu ddi vdi viee thu hut khach quoc te. Theo bang xep hang Chi so nang lyc canh tranh nganh lii hanh va du lich (TTCI) do Diln dan Kinh t l T h i gidi (WEF) nam 2017 cua 141 nen kinh te dua tren 4 chi tieu chinh: mdi tnrdng du lich, chinh sach ho trp phat trien du Hch, co sd ha tang, tai nguyen du lich va nhan van, Viet Nam diing vi tri 75/141 qudc gia trong bang xep hang, trong khu vye, nang lye canh tranh eua du lich Viet Nam xep hang 7/9 nude ASEAN (khdng bao gdm Brunei)"^. Day la van de dang lo ngai doi vdi nganh du lich Viet Nam ma cac bg ban
' Van Dirong, Tinh hinh du lich Viet Nam Nam. ca hoi thdch thiic trong hoi nhap qudc ti, http://www.itdr.org.vn, ngiy miy cap 2/8/2018.
^Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2017.
' Bao cdo cua T6 chuc Du ijch The gioi nam 2017.
'" Bang xSp hang Chi so nSng \^c canh tranh nganh IS h^nh v^ du Ijch (TTCO cua Diln dan Kinh xk T\\k gidi (WEF) nam 2017.
66
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 8 - 2018 nganh can nghidm tiic xem xet lai d l khai thac
Cling nhu tan dung tdi da ngudn thu ngoai te tir ITnh vye nay.
Do dac dilm ve dilu kien dja ly, cae qudc gia trong ASEAN ddng gdp mdt lupng ldn khach du lich den Viet Nam, chilm khoang 60-70%) lupng khach du lich hang nam k l tir nam 1995 den nam 2011. Tuy nhien, din nam 2014, ty trpng khach du Hch tir cac qudc gia ASEAN cd chieu hudng giam ddn cdn 45%.
Tir nam 2005 den nam 2015, lupng khach quoc te khdng thudc cac nudc ASEAN tang tir 0,9 trieu len 4,8 trieu, nhung tir ASEAN chi tang tir 2,6 trieu len d i n 3,4 trieu lupt". S6 lupng khach tir eac nudc ASEAN tang cham va chiem ty trpng ngay cang thdp. Ngoai ra, so vdi cac nude ASEAN, lupng khaeh qudc t l den Viet Nam cdn it. Cu the trong nam 2014, Viet Nam ddn dupe 7,9 trieu lupt khach du lich quoc te, chi bang 28%i so vdi lupng khach den Malaysia (27,5 trieu), 3 1 % so vdi Thai Lan (24,9 trieu), 52% so vdi Singapore (15 trieu) va 8 3 % so vdi Indonesia (9,5 trieu)'^
Tuy nhien, trong giai doan cudi nam 2015 den nam 2017, du Hch trd thanh diem sang hong biic tranh kinh te Viet Nam. Tir bieu dd 3, toe dp tang trudng khach du Hch qudc te da tang manh tir 0,9% len 26%, ddng thdi thi phan khach qudc te den Viet Nam khdng ngimg tang len. Thi phan Du Hch Viet Nam tang lien tuc tir nam 1995 so vdi nam 2016 cu the: 4,6% thi phan len den 8,2% khu vye ASEAN, tir 1,7%. din 2,4%) khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong, tir 0,2% len 0,68%, thj phdn toan cdu'^. Ddng thdi, nam 2017 lupng khach
qudc te ldn nhat cua du lich Viet Nam den tir Trung Qudc, tang manh dat 4 nghin lupt tang 48,6%. so vdi nam 2016. Lupng khach din tir cac thi trudng khac nam 2017 ciing tang dang ke yong giai doan nay, thi trudng chau A dat 9 nghin lupt (tang 34%), khach din tu chau Au dat gdn 2 nghin lupt (targ 16%), tir chau Phi dat 35 nghin lupt (tang 26%) so vdi nam 2016'''
2. Mpt so giai p h a p p h a t trien nganh du lich Viet Nam
Trong boi canh hdi nhap qudc te, nganh du lich Viet Nam van cdn mdt sd diem yeu nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, mac dii Viet Nam da trai qua 4 thap ky day manh cdng cupc ddi mdi ddt nudc nhung nen kinh te nhin chung cdn chua thoat khoi CO che quan ly bao cap, thu tuc hanh chinh nang ne va kem tap trung, nhieu chinh sach cdn chdng cheo. Sd lupng doanh nghiep ed phan hoa It, chua phat trien manh trong ITnh vye du lich, ve tdng quan nganh du Hch Viet Nam van mang dang dap md hinh tap trung, kem nang dgng, bao cap vdi sd hiJu nha nudc.
Co che chinh sach chinh la mdt diem yeu ciia nganh du lich hien nay.
Thu hai, cdng tac quan ly nganh cdn nhieu bat cap, thieu cac ke hoach phat trien du lich tap trung, ngudn nhan lye tuy nhieu nhung dan trai, khdng cd sy Hen ket vdi nhau. Cdng tac quy hoach edn nhieu han che dan den nhieu khu du Hch, bai bien hi xudng cap, sut liin, xam hai bdi cac linh vue cdng nghiep, khai thac, lan bien. Bdi vay, du lich Viet Nam hien
" Vien Nghien ciiu Phdt trien Du lich.
'^ T6ng cue Du Ijch, nam 2015. '•' Thu Huong, Thuc trgng va gidi phdp phdt trien ngdnh du lich Viet Nam hien nay, http://tapchicongthuong.vn, ngay truy cap 3/8/2018.
^'* Tongxuc Thong ke, nam 2017.
Le Ba Diing. Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp phdt trien ngdnh du lich...
nay chua cd khu du lich ddng cap the gidi mac dil cd rdt nhieu tiem nang phat trien.
Thir ba, ngudn nhan luc cd chat lugng chua cao, cdn phai dao tao nhan vien du lich cd nghiep vu, van hda, cd trinh dp ngoai ngii.
Ngoai ra, thu tuc hanh chinh rudm ra, chua phat y i l n manh cdng tac truyen thdng, cac chi sd v l kha nang tiep can diem den, visa ciia khdu, mdi trudng phap ly... cdn thdp. Ddng thdi, CO sd ha tang cdn phat trien cham, chua dong bd, sy qua tai ciia he thdng dudng hp, cang hang khdng, dudng sat xuong cap, lac hau la dilm y i u de nhan thay trong chien lupc phat y i l n du Hch, tinh tien nghi va phong each san phdm cdn nhd le, chua ehuyen nghiep Cimg vdi do, tinh trang d nhiem khdng khi, tiing dn, rac thai la nliiing tac ddng xau den hinh anh du lich quoc gia.
Thir tu, cdng tae quang ba san pham du lich cdn han chi, chua thuc su dua hinh anh Viet Nam din ban be qudc te. Cac hinh thiie quang ba chi dimg d hinh anh chung, chua tao dupe tieng vang va siic hap dan dac thu cho timg san pham. Su ban che, yeu kem eiing the hien trong viee nghiSn cuu thi trudng du lich d ca tdm vT md va cap doanh nghiep. Viec nghien cuu phan doan thi trudng thudng thy ddng, cae chinh sach thi trudng rat cam tinh, thieu CO sd va hi nhieu loan thdng tin. Trong dd, su ngheo nan. It sang tao, thieu tinh ddng bd va Hen ket la diem yeu chinh cua du lich hien nay. Ket qua la san pham, dich vu du lich cd ham lupng gia tri thap, suy thoai nhanh.
Viet Nam cd nen van hda phong phii vdi 54 dan tdc, nhieu danh lam thang canh dupe UNESCO cdng nhan la di san van hda t h i gidi, nhieu bai bien, quan dao thu hut khach du lich. Cac dac diem da dang ve cau tnic dia hinh bien dao, cao nguyen lam cho lanh thd
Viet Nam da dang, phong phii ve canh quan.
Dieu dd mang d i n cho nganh du lich Viet Nam nhieu co hdi, triln vpng ddng thdi cung dat ra nhieu thach thiic ma n l u khdng chii ddng quan tam, giai quylt thi nganh du lich khdng phat huy bet tiem nang d6 cd the thu dupe ngudn ngoai te khdng Id. Tac gia d6 xuat mdt so giai phap hoan thien chien lupc nganh du lich Viet Nam nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, day manh hoat ddng quang ba, gidi thieu hinh anh dat nude con ngudi, danh lam thdng canh cua Viet Nam den eac quoc gia trong khu vye va tren the gidi. Tham gia eac hoat ddng, sy ki6n, hpi nghi de quang ba hinh anh, dat nude con ngudi Viet Nam tdi ban be qudc te. Xay dyng eac website gidi thieu ve du lich, cac van phdng dai dien Viet Nam d cac thi trudng tiem nang. Tap trung phat trien thuong hieu du lich qudc gia tren ca sd thuong hiSu du Hch vimg, dia phuang, nhdm da dang hda san p h ^ du Hch, ket hpp hoat dgng du lich giiia cac tinh de du lich trd thanh mdt boat ddng thdng sudt cd tinh canh tranh cao ban.
Thu hai, can d^y manh boat ddng dau tu, nang eao siic canh tranh cho du lich. Trong do ddu tu cho CO sd ha tang la yeu td quan trpng thu hut khach du lich va cai thien dieu kien dan sinh cho cdng ddng. Bdi vay, nhu cau dau tu vao du lich 1^ rat Ion, cac bd nganh can trien khai ke hoach thu hiit vdn dau tu nudc ngoai vao du lich. Sii dung ngudn vdn, ky nang quan tri, ngudn nhan luc chat lupng cao cua nudc ngoai d l xay dung cac khu du lich dang cap.
Ngoai ra, cdn Idng ghep dau tu ha tang vdi du lich va cac chuang trinh phat trien kinh te xa hpi, t^o da biit pha cho du lich Viet Nam. Gdn k i t CO sd ha tang phdt trien cdng nghi?p bong quy hoach tdng t h i v l phat h-iln nganh du lich.
Nghien cuu An Do va Chau A. S6 8 - 2018 Day manh loai hinh hpp tac cdng - tu (PPP)
nham phat trien co sd ha tdng cua ca n i n kinh te va nganh dich vu.
Thu ba, can neing eao chdt lupng dao tao ngudn nhan lyc lam du Hch, Trong mdi trudng ddi hdi tinh chuy8n nghiep eua ng^iih dich vu hien dai va hdi nhap, toan cdu hda thi nhan lyc du lich can phai cai thien nang lyc quan ly, nghiep vy chuyen mdn va trinh dp ngoai ngir.
Dao tao chat lupng ngudn nhan lyc cd y nghTa quyet dinh doi vdi chat lupng san pham dich vu, nang cao nang luc canh yanh du lich, gdp phan dua du lich Viet Nam thanh ngaidi kinh te miii nhpn chiem ty trpng eao trong ca cau GDP. Ddi vdi can bp quan ly nha nude, can phai cd kien thiic chuyen mdn ve du lich, nang cao trinh dp nghiep vu quan ly nha nudc, dae biet la quan ly kinh te, ddi vdi ngudn nhan lue cae doanh nghiep va cong ddng dan eu chii trgng bdi dudng ngoai ngy, tin hpc va hieu biet phap luat, nghiep vu ehuyen sau, nang cao y thiic bao ve tai nguyen va mdi trudng.
Thu lu, tang cudng lien ket, phdi hpp lien nganh, lien vimg nham phat trien nhieu loai hinh du lich, nhieu diem du lich phong phii.
Du Hch la nganh kinh te tdng hop mang tinh lien nganh can ed su phoi hpp giua cac nganh dudi su chi dao cua Chinh phu. Ben canh do, can cd sy phdi hpp chung tay cua toan he thdng ehinh tri tir tnmg uong den dia phuong.
Tang cudng dao tao dpi ngy quan ly dia phuang nham theo kip xu hudng phdt trien, ddng thdi trien khai hinh thanh cac chuoi lien ket viing giiia cac dia phuong nham khai thdc tdi da tiem nang du Ijch trong iSnh thd Viet N a m .
Thd ndm, ddi mdi va hoan thien he thdng CO c h i , chinh sach cua cdng tac quan ly nha nudc trong ITiih vye du lich, dac biet la chinh
sdch lien quan den thao ga khd khan eho cac doanh nghiep du lich, nang eao siic canh tranh nhu: Dieu chinh va bd sung Luat Du lich, eac Nghi dinh, Thdng tu hudng ddn ludt, chinh sdch ve thue, ehinh sach uu tien dau tu,... DSy manh ed phan hda doanh nghiep nha nudc kinh doanh dich vu du lich, dua cac cdng ty cd niem yet cd phieu tre san giao dich chung khodn nham buy dpng ddu tu tir nudc ngoai thdng qua thi trudng chiing khoan. Ddng thdi, cd phan hda doanh nghiep gliip giam bdi chi cho ngan sach nha nudc.
Ket luan
Du lich gdp phan quan trpng vao phdt trien ben viing kinh te - xS hpi the hign qua tang thu nhap va giai quyet viec lam, gdp phan giam ngheo, bao tdn van hda va bao ve mdi trudng. Qua trinh phat trien du lich da dat dupe nhirng thanh tyu dang ghi nhan, tuy nhien cdn nhieu rao can va tdn tai, dac biet chua tao dupe kha nang canh tranh trong khu vuc va quoc te. Trong bdi canh va xu hudng toan cau hda, phat trien du lich chinh la hudng di diing de phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi trong qua trinh tdi cau tnic nen kinh te. Tir thyc trang phdt trien du Hch Viet Nam, trude nhung xu hudng va yeu to tac dpng hien nay can tap trung thyc hien cd tieu diem ede giai phdp ed tinh then chdt.
Tai lieu t h a m k h a o
1. Quylt djnh 2473/QD-TTg ciia Thii tudng phe duyet "Chien luge phdt triin du lich Viet Nam din ndm 2020, tdm nhin den ndm 2030".
2. World Tourism Organization, http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2015-01 - 27/over-ll-billion-tourists-travelled-abroad- 2014, ngay yuy cap 2/8/2018.
Le Ba Dung. Thirc trgng vd gidi phdp phdt Irien ngdnh du lich...
3. World Travel and Tourism Council, https://www.wttc.org/-
/media/files/reports/economic-impact research/countries-2017/vietnam2017.pdf, ngay truy cap 2/8/2018.
4. T6ng cue Du lich Viet Nam (2013), Phdt trien du lich Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh hgi nhdp, Nxb. Lao dgng va Xa hdi. Ha Ndi.
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